内容正文:
人教英语八下Unit2语法讲解及习题
提建议的情态动词(should, could)与反身代词
一、语法概念与用法详解
1. 提建议的情态动词(should, could)
should和could是表达建议、劝告的核心情态动词,常用于健康、日常行为等场景,后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化
核心用法对比表
情态动词
核心含义
语气特点
例句
should
应该,应当
直接明确,表合理建议、责任义务
You should see the dentist at once.(你应该立刻去看牙医。)
shouldn’t
不应该
直接提醒,表禁止或不恰当行为
You shouldn’t stay up late when you have a cold.(感冒时你不该熬夜。)
could
可以,不妨
委婉温和,表提供可选建议,语气更客气
You could drink warm water with honey for your cough.(你可以喝点蜂蜜温水缓解咳嗽。)
核心句式结构
肯定句:主语 + should/could + 动词原形 + 其他
例:We should do more exercise to keep fit.
否定句:主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他(couldn’t极少用于提建议,多表能力不足)
例:She shouldn’t eat too much sweet food.
疑问句:Should/Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:Could I ask you for some advice?
2. 反身代词
反身代词指代句子主语,强调“某人自己”,需与主语人称、单复数完全一致,不可混用
反身代词完整形式表(必考)
人称
单数形式(含义)
复数形式(含义)
第一人称
myself(我自己)
ourselves(我们自己)
第二人称
yourself(你自己)
yourselves(你们自己)
第三人称
himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)
themselves(他/她/它们自己)
三大核心用法
1. 作宾语:宾语与主语为同一人/物,常用在及物动词后
标志词:hurt, dress, teach, enjoy, help 等
例句:① He hurt himself when playing basketball.(他打篮球时伤到了自己。)
② She teaches herself English on weekends.(她周末自学英语。)
2. 作同位语:置于主语后,加强语气,译为“亲自、本人”
作用:强调动作由主语亲自完成,可省略不影响句意
例句:① You yourself should take responsibility for it.(你本人应该对此负责。)
② The teacher himself corrected our homework.(老师亲自批改了我们的作业。)
3. 固定搭配(高频考点,必考)
固定短语
中文含义
典型例句
by oneself
独自(= alone)
She finished the work by herself.(她独自完成了这项工作。)
enjoy oneself
玩得开心(= have a good time)
We enjoyed ourselves at the party.(我们在派对上玩得很开心。)
take care of oneself
照顾自己
Kids should learn to take care of themselves.(孩子应该学会照顾自己。)
help oneself (to sth.)
随便吃/用某物
Help yourselves to some fruit.(大家随便吃点水果。)
lose oneself in
沉浸于,专心于
He lost himself in reading.(他专心致志看书。)
易错提醒
✅ 反身代词不能单独作主语,只能作宾语、同位语
❌ 错误:Myself did the homework.
✅ 正确:I did the homework by myself.
二、练习题
基础巩固
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(1-10题)
1. You ___________(should) eat too much before going to bed.
2. He ___________(could) try some medicine for his headache.
3. The boy dressed ___________(he) quickly and went to school.
4. We enjoyed ___________(we) at the party last night.
5. You ___________(should) drink more water when you have a cold.
6. She hurt ___________(she) when she fell down the stairs.
7. You ___________(could) ask your teacher for help with your homework.
8. They ___________(shouldn’t) play computer games for too long.
9. The cat washed ___________(it) carefully after eating.
10. You ___________(should) be more careful when using knives.
能力提升
单项选择(11-22题)
11. —I have a stomachache.
—You ___________eat so much spicy food.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. could D. couldn’t
12. The little girl can dress ___________now.
A. her B. she C. herself D. hers
13. —I feel stressed out before exams.
—You ___________listen to some light music to relax.
A. should B. must C. need D. can
14. We must learn to protect ___________from danger.
A. us B. our C. we D. ourselves
15. —My eyes are tired from looking at the screen.
—You ___________take a break every 20 minutes.
A. could B. should C. would D. might
16. He fell off the bike and hurt ___________badly.
A. he B. his C. himself D. him
17. You ___________go to bed early if you feel tired.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. could D. can’t
18. The children enjoyed ___________in the park yesterday.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
19. —I have a toothache.
—You ___________see a dentist as soon as possible.
A. could B. should C. may D. can
20. She finished the project by ___________without any help.
A. her B. herself C. she D. hers
21. You ___________play football in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. should B. could C. shouldn’t D. can
22. We ___________take more exercise to keep healthy.
A. should B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
拓展挑战
句型转换(23-27题)
23. You should drink more hot water.(改为否定句)
You ______________________more hot water.
24. He hurt himself when he played basketball.(对划线部分提问)
______________________he ___________himself?
25. You could go to the doctor.(改为一般疑问句)
______________________go to the doctor?
26. We should eat less junk food.(对划线部分提问)
_______________________________________?
27. The little boy can look after himself well.(改为同义句)
The little boy can ____________________________________________himself well.
语篇填空(28-35题)
Mobile phones are useful, but you 28. ___________ use them wisely. To protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you 29. ___________ rest your eyes and look at something far away. What’s more, you 30. ___________change your screen’s brightness to match your environment and make the words bigger. Of course, you 31. ___________ look at your phone just before you go to bed, and you certainly 32. ___________ look at it when you cross the road! In fact, you 33. ___________avoid using your phone too often. You 34. ___________ listen to music instead of watching videos. Also, you can talk to your friends face to face instead of chatting online, and you will enjoy 35. ___________ more.
三、答案与解析
基础巩固
1. shouldn’t(句意:睡前你不该吃太多,should否定式直接加not,后接动词原形)
2. could(表委婉建议,他可以吃点药缓解头痛,could后接动词原形)
3. himself(主语the boy,反身代词用himself,dress oneself 固定搭配,自己穿衣服)
4. ourselves(主语we,反身代词用ourselves,enjoy oneself 固定搭配,玩得开心)
5. should(句意:感冒时你应该多喝水,表合理建议,后接动词原形)
6. herself(主语she,反身代词用herself,hurt oneself 固定搭配,伤到自己)
7. could(委婉建议,你可以找老师帮忙,could后接动词原形)
8. shouldn’t(建议不要长时间玩游戏,should否定式,符合句意)
9. itself(主语the cat,指物单数,反身代词用itself,猫自己清洁)
10. should(建议用刀时要更小心,表责任提醒,后接动词原形)
能力提升
11. B(胃痛是吃辣导致,应建议“不应该”吃太多辣,shouldn’t表禁止性建议)
12. C(dress oneself 固定搭配,自己穿衣服,主语girl,用herself)
13. A(考前压力大,建议听轻音乐放松,should表合理建议,语气贴切)
14. D(protect oneself 固定搭配,保护自己,主语we,反身代词用ourselves)
15. B(眼睛疲劳,建议每20分钟休息,should表明确合理建议,比could语气更贴合)
16. C(hurt oneself 固定搭配,伤到自己,主语he,反身代词用himself)
17. A(累了建议早睡,should表合理建议,符合日常逻辑)
18. D(enjoy oneself 固定搭配,玩得开心,主语children复数,用themselves)
19. B(牙痛建议尽快看牙医,should表必要性建议,语气最贴切)
20. B(by oneself 固定搭配,独自,主语she,反身代词用herself)
21. C(街上踢球危险,建议不可以做,shouldn’t表禁止性建议)
22. A(建议多锻炼保持健康,should表合理建议,符合句意)
拓展挑战
句型转换
23. shouldn’t drink(解析:should否定形式为shouldn’t,情态动词后接动词原形,无需变形)
24. When did; hurt(解析:划线部分是时间状语,用when提问;原句一般过去时,加助动词did,hurt还原原形)
25. Could you(解析:could引导的建议句,变一般疑问句直接把could提前,主语you不变)
26. What should you do(解析:划线部分是动作内容,用what提问;第一人称we变第二人称you,句式为What+should+主语+动词原形)
27. take good care of(解析:look after与take care of 同义,都表照顾,固定替换)
语篇填空
28. should(解析:建议明智用手机,表合理建议,用should)
29. should(解析:建议每20分钟休息眼睛,必要性建议,用should)
30. could(解析:提供调整屏幕亮度的可选建议,语气委婉,用could)
31. shouldn’t(解析:建议睡前不要看手机,禁止性建议,用shouldn’t)
32. shouldn’t(解析:强调过马路绝对不能看手机,强烈禁止,用shouldn’t)
33. could(解析:提供避免频繁用手机的建议,语气委婉,用could)
34. could(解析:建议用听音乐代替看视频,可选建议,用could)
35. yourselves(解析:enjoy oneself 固定搭配,主语隐含you,此处表大家,用yourselves)
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