Unit1语法讲解及习题：动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了人教八下Unit1“动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语”核心语法内容，涵盖语法概念、用法详解及基础巩固、能力提升、拓展挑战三级习题，搭建从“规则理解”到“分层应用”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过语法功能分类（状语、宾语补足语）和习题难度分级呈现知识体系，如宾语补足语细分三类动词搭配并标注“被动语态to还原”等重难点，习题解析明确“make sb. do sth.”等结构，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。分层练习满足不同需求，教师可直接用于课堂或课后，助力高效教学。

人教英语八下Unit1语法讲解及习题 动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语 一、语法概念与用法详解 1. 动词不定式作状语 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）作状语时，重点是作目的状语，用来解释主句动作的目的。 核心用法 位置：通常放在句末，强调动作的目的。如果为了突出目的，也可以放在句首。 句末：I play the flute to relax in my free time.（我在空闲时间吹长笛来放松。） 句首：To relax myself, I often go hiking on weekends.（为了放松自己，我周末常去徒步。） 同义替换：可以用 in order to 或 so as to 替换，其中 in order to 可以放在句首或句末，so as to 只能放在句末。 I go to the sports centre in order to ice-skate. She reads books so as to reduce stress. 否定形式：在 to 前加 not，即 in order not to / so as not to。 We stayed at home in order not to catch a cold.（我们待在家里以防感冒。） 例句 I go to the park to fly kites with my cousin.（我去公园是为了和表妹放风筝。） They joined the club to learn more about photography.（他们加入俱乐部是为了学习更多摄影知识。） 2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式放在宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作、状态或身份，就是宾语补足语。这类用法必须搭配特定动词，主要涉及三类： ① 使役/感官动词 + sb. + 动词原形（不带to） 这类动词后的不定式需要省略 to，常见动词有： 使役动词：make（使）、let（让）、have（使/让） 感官动词：see（看见）、watch（观看）、hear（听见）、feel（感觉） 例句 It made me decide to try skiing.（这让我决定尝试滑雪。） I love to watch you fly kites in the park.（我喜欢看你在公园放风筝。） Let’s go hiking this weekend.（我们这个周末去徒步吧。） 注意：当这类动词用于被动语态时，被省略的 to 必须还原。 主动：The coach made the players run 10 laps. 被动：The players were made to run 10 laps by the coach. ② 动词 + sb. + to + 动词原形 这类动词后的不定式必须保留 to，常见动词有： 表“要求/命令”：ask（要求）、tell（告诉）、order（命令） 表“邀请/鼓励”：invite（邀请）、encourage（鼓励） 表“希望/想要”：want（想要）、expect（期望） 例句 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her.（我表妹常叫我和她一起放风筝。） She told me not to give up so easily.（她告诉我不要轻易放弃。） My parents want me to exercise more often.（我父母希望我多锻炼。） 否定形式：在 to 前加 not，即 ask sb. not to do / tell sb. not to do。 The teacher told us not to be late for the exam.（老师告诉我们考试不要迟到。） ③ 动词 + to + 动词原形（宾语为不定式本身） 有些动词的宾语直接是不定式，这类动词常见的有： decide（决定）、plan（计划）、want（想要）、need（需要）、like（喜欢） 例句 I decided to take up painting as a hobby.（我决定把画画作为爱好。） We planned to climb a mountain last weekend.（我们上周末计划去爬山。） When I want to relax, I watch animal videos.（当我想放松时，我会看动物视频。） 二、习题 基础巩固（10题） 用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1. I go to the park ___________ (walk) my dog every morning. 2. My teacher asked us ___________ (finish) the task on time. 3. The funny story made us ___________ (laugh) loudly. 4. He decided ___________ (take) up painting as a hobby. 5. We need ___________ (relax) after a long week of study. 6. She told me ___________ (not be) late for the party. 7. I like ___________ (watch) my friends play basketball. 8. They went to the cinema ___________ (see) the new movie. 9. My parents want me ___________ (exercise) more often. 10. Let’s ___________ (go) hiking this weekend to get close to nature. 能力提升（12题） 单项选择 1. —Why do you join the club? —___________ (learn) more about photography. A. Learn B. To learn C. Learning D. Learned 2. The coach made the players ___________ (run) 10 laps around the field. A. run B. to run C. running D. ran 3. My friend invited me ___________ (go) to the concert with her. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 4. We stayed at home ___________ (avoid) the heavy rain. A. avoid B. to avoid C. avoiding D. avoided 5. I saw him ___________ (play) the guitar in the park yesterday. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 6. She wants ___________ (not miss) the early bus. A. not miss B. to not miss C. not to miss D. missing 7. The teacher told us ___________ (be) quiet during the exam. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 8. He works hard ___________ (improve) his English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved 9. The movie made me ___________ (feel) very emotional. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 10. My parents encouraged me ___________ (take) part in the competition. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 11. I need ___________ (buy) some new books for my hobby. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 12. Let me ___________ (help) you with your homework. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 拓展挑战（10题） 句型转换 1. I practice the piano every day because I want to become a pianist.（改为同义句） I practice the piano every day ___________ ___________ ___________ become a pianist. 2. The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.（改为被动语态） The workers ___________ ___________ ___________ work 12 hours a day by the boss. 3. He said to me, “Don’t swim in the river.”（改为间接引语） He told me ___________ ___________ ___________ in the river. 4. She goes to the library to read books.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ she go to the library? 5. My brother likes to play video games in his free time.（改为否定句） My brother ___________ ___________ to play video games in his free time. 语篇填空 My best friend and I both love outdoor activities. I often go cycling 28. ___________ (keep) fit, while she prefers 29. ___________ (walk) in the park. Last weekend, we planned 30. ___________ (climb) a mountain. We asked our classmates 31. ___________ (join) us, but they were busy. So we went alone. The beautiful scenery made us 32. ___________ (forget) all our worries. 三、答案与解析 基础巩固 1. to walk（作目的状语，表示“去公园的目的是遛狗”） 2. to finish（ask sb. to do sth. 结构，要求某人做某事） 3. laugh（make sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接不带to的动词原形） 4. to take（decide to do sth. 结构，决定做某事） 5. to relax（need to do sth. 结构，需要做某事） 6. not to be（tell sb. not to do sth. 结构，告诉某人不要做某事） 7. to watch（like to do sth. 结构，喜欢做某事） 8. to see（作目的状语，表示“去电影院的目的是看新电影”） 9. to exercise（want sb. to do sth. 结构，想要某人做某事） 10. go（let sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接不带to的动词原形） 能力提升 1. B（用不定式作目的状语，回答“为什么加入俱乐部”） 2. A（make sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接不带to的动词原形） 3. C（invite sb. to do sth. 结构，邀请某人做某事） 4. B（用不定式作目的状语，表示“待在家里的目的是避雨”） 5. A（see sb. do sth. 结构，看到某人做某事的全过程） 6. C（want not to do sth. 结构，想要不做某事） 7. B（tell sb. to do sth. 结构，告诉某人做某事） 8. B（用不定式作目的状语，表示“努力学习的目的是提高英语”） 9. A（make sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接不带to的动词原形） 10. C（encourage sb. to do sth. 结构，鼓励某人做某事） 11. B（need to do sth. 结构，需要做某事） 12. A（let sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接不带to的动词原形） 拓展挑战 1. in order to（替换 because I want to，表目的） 2. were made to（被动语态中，使役动词后的不定式要还原to） 3. not to swim（直接引语变间接引语，否定祈使句变为 tell sb. not to do sth.） 4. Why does（对目的状语提问用 why，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用 does） 5. doesn’t like（一般现在时的否定句，主语是第三人称单数，用 doesn’t + 动词原形） 语篇填空 1. to keep（作目的状语，表示“骑自行车的目的是保持健康”） 2. to walk（prefer to do sth. 结构，更喜欢做某事） 3. to climb（plan to do sth. 结构，计划做某事） 4. to join（ask sb. to do sth. 结构，邀请某人做某事） 5. forget（make sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接不带to的动词原形） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $