精品解析：北京市平谷区2025-2026学年高一第一学期教学质量监控英语试题

2025—2026学年度第一学期教学质量监控样卷 高一英语 2026.1 注意事项 1.本样卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。 2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。 3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在样卷上作答无效。 4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One afternoon in the Alps, the radio suddenly announced a warning — thick snow had ___1___ an outdoor camp and three people were missing. Mark and his four hiking friends, who just finished their trip, were getting more supplies at the mountain foot when they heard the news. Grabbing their hiking sticks, they ___2___ into the mountains right away. “Don’t wait for the rescuers! Every minute ___3___ for those trapped!” Mark shouted, waving his hand. And yet, no one noticed that he didn’t even carry a snowslide detector and what was more, none of them thought to call the rescue center. They struggled through soft new snow that ___4___ their knees, each step a battle. Suddenly, the snow beside them made a sound. Before anyone could ___5___ a half meter-thick wall of snow came crashing down. Anna screamed loudly as the snow pulled her into a pile of snow. The others hurried to help, only to get ___6___ in the loose snow one after another. When the wind and snow finally ___7___ down, all five were trapped in a narrow snow valley. By then, their phones had been without ___8___ for a long time, and the bitter cold made their teeth chatter. It wasn’t until evening that a professional rescue team, following the trail of their abandoned backpacks, found the group of “rescuers” with a detector. As Mark was pulled out of the snow, he stared at the team’s equipment, his face turning red with ___9___. They’d set out to save others, but ____10____ being the ones rescued. By then, the real victims had been safely taken to a safe place hour earlier. 1. A. circled B. covered C. filled D. wrapped 2. A. rushed B. walked C. climbed D. wandered 3. A. helps B. works C. matters D. limits 4. A. pressed B. touched C. reached D. passed 5. A. approach B. respond C. quit D. disappear 6. A. lost B. hurt C. stuck D. gapped 7. A. died B. fell C. broke D. turned 8. A. sense B. sound C. message D. signal 9. A. disappointment B. surprise C. fear D. shame 10. A. ended up B. gave up C. put up D. took up 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了马克和四位徒步好友在阿尔卑斯山听到雪灾预警后，未做专业准备便贸然进山营救被困者，结果途中遭遇雪崩被困，最终反倒被专业救援队救出的故事。此次经历让他们明白，无准备的施救不仅无法助人，还会让自己陷入险境，成为他人的救援负担。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿尔卑斯山的一个下午，收音机突然发布预警——厚厚的积雪掩埋了一处户外营地，三人失踪。A. circled环绕；B. covered覆盖、掩埋；C. filled填满；D. wrapped包裹。结合前文“thick snow”和后文“three people were missing”的语境，可知积雪的厚度足以将营地掩埋，导致人员失联，“covered”能准确体现积雪将营地覆盖、掩埋的状态，符合灾难场景，故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克和四位刚结束徒步的好友正在山脚补充物资，听到消息后，他们抓起登山杖，立刻冲进了山里。A. rushed冲、匆忙前往；B. walked走；C. climbed攀登；D. wandered漫步。根据前文听到人员失踪的紧急消息，以及后文“Don’t wait for the rescuers!”的急切语气，可知他们心情急迫，迅速进山施救，“rushed”能体现这种匆忙、急切的状态，故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克挥着手大喊：“别等救援队了！被困者的每一分钟都至关重要！”A. helps帮助；B. works工作、起作用；C. matters重要、要紧；D. limits限制。结合灾难救援的背景，“every minute matters”为固定表达，意为“分秒必争”，体现救援中时间的重要性，符合马克急切想要施救的语境，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在没膝的松软新雪中艰难前行，每一步都像是一场苦战。A. pressed按压；B. touched触碰；C. reached抵达、到……高度；D. passed经过。根据前文“soft new snow”和后文“each step a battle”的细节，可知积雪很深，达到了膝盖的高度，“reached”能准确表示积雪的高度抵达膝盖，符合“行走艰难”的语境，故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，他们身边的积雪发出声响，众人还没来得及反应，一面半米厚的雪墙便轰然坍塌。A. approach靠近；B. respond反应、回应；C. quit放弃；D. disappear消失。结合后文“a half meter-thick wall of snow came crashing down”的突发状况，可知雪崩发生得十分突然，众人根本没有时间做出反应，“respond”符合这种“突发状况下无时间应对”的逻辑，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安娜被积雪卷入雪堆中，大声尖叫，其他人急忙上前帮忙，结果一个个都陷进了松软的积雪里。A. lost迷路的；B. hurt受伤的；C. stuck被困的、陷入的；D. gapped有缺口的。根据语境和后文“in the loose snow”，可知众人在松软积雪中无法移动、陷入其中，“get stuck in”为固定搭配，意为“陷入……中”，故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当风雪终于平息，五个人全都被困在了狭窄的雪谷中。A. died消失、平息；B. fell落下；C. broke打破；D. turned转变。根据语境和前文“finally”，可知风雪最终减弱，“die down”为固定短语，意为“逐渐平息、减弱”，故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，他们的手机已经失去信号很久了，刺骨的寒冷让他们牙齿打颤。A. sense感觉；B. sound声音；C. message消息；D. signal信号。结合雪山的环境特点，偏僻的雪谷中手机通常会失去通信信号，“without signal”表示“无信号”，符合语境，故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当马克被从积雪中救出来时，他盯着救援队的专业设备，脸羞得通红。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. fear恐惧；D. shame羞愧。结合前文马克几人无准备贸然施救，既没带雪崩探测器，也没联系救援中心，最终反倒被专业救援队救出，且真正的被困者早已被救出的情节，并结合前文“As Mark was pulled out of the snow, he stared at the team’s equipment,”，可知马克此时因自己的鲁莽行为感到羞愧，“shame”符合其心理状态，故选D。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们出发去救别人，结果最后反倒成了被救的人。A. ended up最终成为、结果是；B. gave up放弃；C. put up张贴、举起；D. took up开始从事、占据。结合前文几人施救的初衷，以及最终被困被救的结果，并结合后文“being the ones rescued”，可知此处体现“初衷与结果相悖”，“ended up”能准确表示最终出现的意外结果，符合语境，故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 So far, many cities in northern China ___11___(hold) a variety of ice and snow festivals. Changchun Lianhuadao will hold its “Ice and Snow Folk Lantern Festival” until March 8, 2026. The festival has the theme “Big Red Lanterns Hanging High”. The site will be decorated with ten thousand shining lanterns, ___12___ will light up the whole area. It will also gather authentic local delicious foods such as iron pot stew. Changchun sincerely invites tourists ___13___ all over the country to start a warm and unique winter journey, which combines traditional charm with icy fun. 【答案】11. have held 12. which 13. from 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了中国北方诸多城市已举办各类冰雪节，重点提及长春莲花岛的冰雪民俗灯会持续时间，介绍了该灯会的主题、布置、特色美食，以及长春向全国游客发出的冬季旅行邀请。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国北方的许多城市已经举办了各种各样的冰雪节。根据时间状语So far可知，句子需用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词的过去分词；主语many cities为复数，助动词用have。故填have held。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现场将装点上万盏璀璨的灯笼，点亮整个区域。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ten thousand shining lanterns，指物，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which。故填which。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：长春诚挚邀请全国各地的游客开启一场温暖又独特的冬日之旅，这场旅行融合了传统韵味与冰雪乐趣。from all over the country是固定搭配，意为“来自全国各地的”，此处用介词from引出游客的来源。故填from。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Many Swiss still favor natural dyeing (染色) and purchase packaged onion peels from supermarkets, which ___14___ (price) at $33.5 per kilogram — far more expensive than onions that sell for $2.84 a pound in the same stores. Though what makes sense is to buy onions, cook with them and reuse the ___15___ (dry) peels for dyeing, some Swiss prefer the packaged version, as it spares them the trouble of cleaning. Being pre-washed and capable of creating more beautiful colors, these peels perfectly meet people’s demands, ___16___ (explain) why they are even regarded as luxury goods for Easter. 【答案】14. are priced 15. dried 16. explaining 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞士人喜爱天然染色，洋葱皮价格昂贵但仍受欢迎的原因。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：许多瑞士人仍然喜欢天然染色，并从超市购买包装好的洋葱皮，每公斤售价33.5美元，比同一家商店每磅售价2.84美元的洋葱贵得多。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词onion peels，which代替onion peels在从句中作主语，与price“给……定价”为被动关系，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are priced。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然买洋葱、用洋葱做饭、再用干洋葱皮染色是有道理的，但一些瑞士人更喜欢包装好的洋葱皮，因为这样可以省去清洗的麻烦。dry“使变干”在句中应用非谓语动词形式，dry与逻辑主语peels之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填dried。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些洋葱皮经过预洗，能够创造出更美丽的颜色，完美地满足了人们的需求，这就解释了为什么它们甚至被视为复活节的奢侈品。空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，用explain“解释”的现在分词形式，表示自然而然的结果。故填explaining。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Last Friday, we held an English corner in the school garden. Before we arrived there, our teacher ___17___ (collect) many interesting topics like ___18___ (share) our favorite movies and talking about our dream jobs. When the activity started, a boy from Class 3 stood up first. He spoke so fluently that everyone listened carefully. ___19___ surprised us all was that he used to be afraid of speaking English in public. Later he ___20___ (tell) us that he had kept practicing with his classmates every day for two months. 【答案】17. had collected 18. sharing 19. What 20. told 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一次在学校花园举办的英语角活动，以及一名曾害怕在公共场合说英语的男生通过练习变得流利表达的经历。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在我们到达那里之前，我们的老师已经收集了许多有趣的话题，比如分享我们最喜欢的电影和谈论我们理想的工作。根据“Before we arrived there”可知，“收集话题”这一动作发生在“到达”之前，表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。故填had collected。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们到达那里之前，我们的老师已经收集了许多有趣的话题，比如分享我们最喜欢的电影和谈论我们理想的工作。介词like后接动名词作宾语，且与下文“talking”构成并列结构。故填sharing。 【19题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：让我们所有人都感到惊讶的是，他以前害怕在公共场合说英语。此处考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让我们惊讶的事情”，需用连接代词what引导，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：后来他告诉我们，他过去两个月里每天都和同学们坚持练习。此处描述的是过去发生的事实，需用一般过去时。故填told。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In October 2026, UK hosts events like New Scientist Live 2026. They open science’s door to all, letting people of all ages find joy in exploration. New Scientist Live 2026 Head to New Scientist Live 2026, from 18 to 20 October, for loads of mind-blowing science, technology and interesting ideas. There are four main stages at the event: The Future, Mind and Body, Our Planet and The Universe, and lots of fantastic speakers will be appearing. Nothing but school groups are admitted to New Scientist Live on October 20th. Schools’ Day is all about inspiring young people with activities and career opportunities in the science world. Find out more at live.newscientist.com. Celebrate Science 2026 On 28 and 29 October, Durham University and Locomotion, a rail museum, will be revealing the wonders and science of the everyday. Discover the story of Mini, whose granny has reduced herself to a tiny size—it’s up to Mini and her friends to use science to rescue her. Only schools can get into Celebrate Science 2026 on October 29th. For more information, visit tinyurl.com/SN-locomotion. Bradford Science Festival From 25 October to 2 November, this festival brings the future to life with five zones themed around technology, fashion, climate, sound and food. Learn how to “Make a Meal” with Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, drum for your health with the Clem Burke Drumming Project and find out how hydrogen cars work. Discover more at tinyurl.com/SN-BradfordScience. IF Oxford Science and Ideas From 17 October to 2 November, Oxford will come to life with more than 100 events. On 18 October, meet researchers and scientists at the Science Oxford Centre, and experience the Poetry of Science. Also on offer as robot racing, incredible insects and being an engineer for the day in “Fusion Fix It”. Visit if-oxford.com to find out more. 21. What do New Scientist Live 2026 and Celebrate Science 2026 have in common? A. Both events are organized by Durham University. B. Both events share a story about a girl and her granny. C. Both events have a special day open only to schools. D. Both events focus on showing space and universe themes. 22. Which event allows visitors to learn about the science-related cooking activity? A. New Scientist Live 2026 B. Celebrate Science 2026 C. Bradford Science Festival D. IF Oxford Science and Ideas 23. What can visitors do at IF Oxford Science and Ideas? A. Learn about keeping your favorite insects. B. Discover the story of Mini and her granny. C. Enjoy the Poetry of Science on 18 October. D. Try robot racing with experts and researchers. 24. What is the main purpose of the four events? A. To hold competitions for science lovers. B. To train professional scientists for universities. C. To introduce new scientific inventions to experts. D. To spread scientific knowledge to the general public. 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. C 24. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2026年10月英国举办的四项科普活动的时间、内容及相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据New Scientist Live 2026部分中的“Nothing but school groups are admitted to New Scientist Live on October 20th.(10月20日的《新科学家》现场活动仅对学校团体开放。)”以及Celebrate Science 2026部分中的“Only schools can get into Celebrate Science 2026 on October 29th.(10月29日的2026科学庆典仅对学校开放。)”可知，两项活动都有仅对学校开放的专属日期。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Bradford Science Festival部分中的“Learn how to “Make a Meal” with Yorkshire Wildlife Trust(与约克郡野生动物信托基金一起学习如何“做一顿饭”)”可知，布拉德福德科学节能让参观者体验和科学相关的烹饪活动。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据IF Oxford Science and Ideas部分中的“On 18 October, meet researchers and scientists at the Science Oxford Centre, and experience the Poetry of Science.(10月18日，在牛津科学中心与研究人员和科学家见面，体验科学之诗。)”可知，参观者可在10月18日的牛津科学与创意节体验科学之诗。故选C项。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They open science’s door to all, letting people of all ages find joy in exploration.(它们向所有人打开科学的大门，让各个年龄段的人在探索中找到乐趣。)”可知，四项活动的主要目的是向普通大众传播科学知识。故选D项。 B The Palisades Fire in Los Angeles burned Charlotte Tragos’s home to the ground. “It was a pretty special and unique house,” says Tragos, who escaped with her parents, her younger sister and their three dogs when the fire broke out on January 7, 2025. A few days after the fire started, a friend shared a video with her of a Los Angeles artist offering to create, for free, watercolor paintings of people’s homes before they were burned down. Tragos reached out to the artist, Jordan Heber, asking if she could do Tragos’s childhood home. “I wanted to do it as a surprise to my parents, who are extremely busy right now,” she says. Tragos sent a photo to Heber, who completed a painting of Tragos’s home in just three days. “Our homes are so much more than these physical, standing things that we keep our belongings in,” says Heber, who lives in Santa Monica. “It’s an incredible honor to create these lasting respects to the places that carried so much life and memory.” Tragos says she will forever be grateful to Heber. “It means the world,” she says. “We’re in a position where we have nothing, and anything like that, especially pieces that honor what the house meant to us — it is really inspiring.” Behind this deeply comforting gift though, lies the heartfelt motivation (初衷，动力)that drove Heber to act when the wildfires struck. A friend sent her a post by another local artist offering to draw people’s homes at no charge, and Heber was inspired. “This will be my way to help people,” said Heber. Shortly after she posted her offer on social media, requests started coming in. Heber has created more than 25 paintings, including one for Jeremy Wineberg, whose home in Pacific Palisades was destroyed. “We told her our story, and she so kindly and lovingly made such a beautiful memory that looks exactly as if it was a photograph,” says Wineberg. “We’re going to frame it and put it in our new home eventually.” Heber is glad that people find her paintings meaningful, saying, “Hopefully it inspires others to use their talents to help people.” 25. Which statement about Jordan Heber’s free painting service is TRUE? A. She designed the service after seeing the special and unique house. B. People asked her to paint the houses they moved into after the fire. C. She has drawn over 25 house paintings since advertising her service online. D. Her painting service was first offered to the people affected by the Palisades Fire. 26. What motivated Jordan Heber to provide free paintings for fire victims? A. The urgent need from fire victims spread on social media. B. The kind act of another local artist who offered free drawings. C. The hope of making her painting skills better known to the public. D. The extra time she had after the wildfires disturbed her daily work. 27. What kind of person is Jordan Heber according to the passage? A. Generous and reliable. B. Modest and determined. C. Talented and imaginative. D. Warm-hearted and artistic. 【答案】25. C 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了洛杉矶艺术家乔丹·赫伯在帕利塞兹大火后，受当地另一位艺术家的启发，为火灾中失去家园的人们免费创作故居水彩画的暖心故事。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Shortly after she posted her offer on social media, requests started coming in. Heber has created more than 25 paintings(她在社交媒体上发布这项提议后不久，请求就纷至沓来，赫伯已经创作了超过25幅画作)”可知，乔丹·赫伯在网上宣传自己的免费绘画服务后，已经为受灾者画了超过25幅故居画作，该表述与原文相符。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“A friend sent her a post by another local artist offering to draw people’s homes at no charge, and Heber was inspired(一位朋友给她发了当地另一位艺术家免费为人们画故居的帖子，赫伯受到了启发)”可知，是当地另一位艺术家免费为受灾者画故居的善举，激励了乔丹·赫伯为火灾受害者提供免费绘画服务。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中赫伯为火灾中失去家园的人们免费创作故居水彩画，用自己的才艺为受灾者带来慰藉，能看出她心地善良、热心助人；再根据她能在三天内完成特拉戈斯故居的画作，且其作品被温伯格评价为画得栩栩如生、如同照片一般，能体现出她具备出色的绘画技艺，是富有艺术才华的人。由此可推断，乔丹·赫伯是一个热心且有艺术才华的人。故选D。 C For a long time, plant tissues were thought to be incapable of remaking. When that was disproved in the early 1900s, researchers focused largely on roots, where many bacteria (细菌) are involved in soil-based food cycling. Whatever might be living within a plant’s shoots, trunks and leaves was mostly ignored. For a recent study in Nature, researchers analyzed about 150 trees across 16 species to map their trunk microbial communities. They estimate (估计) a single mature tree hosts roughly one trillion bacteria in its “microbiome” (微生物组) with distinct communities in different layers. In other words, the trees have methane (甲烷)-producing bacteria which may release greenhouse gases. “It turned out what’s living inside the trees was really different from what we found anywhere else in the forest,” says the study’s co-lead author, Jonathan Gewirtzman, an ecosystem ecologist at Yale University. To examine the trunk’s hidden community, Gewirtzman and his colleagues drilled into living tree trunks to collect thin core samples, which they immediately froze with dry ice to prevent microbial activity. They then separated the cores into side wood and heartwood, ground the frozen wood into powder and ordered the bacteria in each layer. To study the activity of living microbes, they also sealed holes drilled into trees and later measured gases such as methane released by different layers. The researchers learned that when trees are evolutionarily close, they tend to have similar microbiomes. And the team found a surprise deep inside the trunks: “In the older and inner heartwood,” Gewirtzman says, “we saw microbes more like what you’d find in a wetland — anaerobic bacteria and methane producers,” species suited to a waterlogged and oxygen-poor environment. Some bacteria in the outer layers may consume part of that methane, the researchers found, but the study suggests that methane-producing bacteria inside trees could still create greenhouse gas emissions (排放) scientists should figure into calculations. “It is a really nice study, as they did something different from most: comparing the inner wood against the outer wood. By studying these natural plant-microbe partnerships, we can understand which bacteria are important and active to add back into our agricultural system,” a plant microbiologist says. 28. What can we learn about the long-standing view regarding plant tissues? A. It claimed that plant tissues could not regrow. B. It was disproved by research on soil food cycling. C. It stressed the role of bacteria in plant shoots and leaves. D. It was fully supported by studies on plant roots in the 1900s. 29. What does the Nature study reveal about the bacterial communities in tree trunks? A. Bacteria in different tree species share same characteristics. B. Bacterial communities in tree trunks are identical to those in roots. C. The number of bacteria in a tree’s microbiome is fixed at one trillion. D. Certain bacteria within tree trunks could contribute to greenhouse gases. 30. What is the primary focus of the researchers’ work in paragraph 3? A. Comparing the gas-releasing abilities of different tree species. B. Developing effective ways to preserve tree trunk core samples. C. Exploring tree trunk microbes by various experimental methods. D. Analyzing the relationship between tree age and microbial variety. 31. What is the significance of the study on tree trunk microbes? A. It helps understand key bacteria for agricultural system improvement. B. It updates the long-standing view that plant tissues are extremely active. C. It finds a way to clear away methane-producing bacteria in tree trunks. D. It proves that tree roots are less important than trunks for food cycling. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现树干中存在大量微生物，部分细菌可能产生温室气体，研究有助于理解农业系统中的关键细菌。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For a long time, plant tissues were thought to be incapable of remaking.(长期以来，人们认为植物组织无法再生。)”可知，长期以来人们认为植物组织无法再生。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“For a recent study in Nature, researchers analyzed about 150 trees across 16 species to map their trunk microbial communities. They estimate (估计) a single mature tree hosts roughly one trillion bacteria in its “microbiome” (微生物组) with distinct communities in different layers. In other words, the trees have methane (甲烷)-producing bacteria which may release greenhouse gases.(《自然》杂志近期发表的一项研究中，研究人员分析了 16 个树种的约 150 棵树木，绘制出树干微生物群落的分布图谱。他们估算，一棵成熟树木的 “微生物组” 中约寄生着一万亿个细菌，且不同层次的微生物群落特征各异。换言之，树木体内含有产甲烷细菌，这类细菌可能释放温室气体。)”可知，《自然》杂志的研究揭示了树干中的某些细菌可能会产生温室气体。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“To examine the trunk’s hidden community, Gewirtzman and his colleagues drilled into living tree trunks to collect thin core samples, which they immediately froze with dry ice to prevent microbial activity.(为了研究树干中的隐藏微生物群落，Gewirtzman和他的同事钻入活树干中收集薄的核心样本，然后立即用干冰冷冻以防止微生物活动。)”以及“To study the activity of living microbes, they also sealed holes drilled into trees and later measured gases such as methane released by different layers.(为了研究活微生物的活动，他们还密封了钻入树干的孔，随后测量了不同层次释放的甲烷等气体。)”可知，研究人员工作的主要重点是通过多种实验方法探索树干微生物。故选C。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By studying these natural plant-microbe partnerships, we can understand which bacteria are important and active to add back into our agricultural system.(通过研究这些天然的植物-微生物合作关系，我们可以了解哪些细菌对农业系统很重要且活跃，从而将其重新引入农业系统。)”可知，这项研究有助于理解农业系统中的关键细菌。故选A。 D Doctors struggle to predict who will have a heart attack. Could AI help? Now many companies are applying AI algorithms to screen millions of CT scans for early signs of heart disease. This technology could be a breakthrough for public health, but it remains unproven broadly while raising tricky questions about application and even how we define disease. Coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker for heart attack risk, and testing for CAC remains an underused method of predicting heart attack risk. CAC scans were believed to have a big benefit and were marketed to the worried well. Attitudes, though, may be shifting. More expert groups are supporting CAC scores as a way to improve heart attack risk estimates and persuade doubtful patients to start taking a specific type of pill The promise of AI-derived CAC scores is part of a broader trend toward mining treasures of medical data to spot otherwise undetected disease. But while it seems promising, the practice raises plenty of questions. For example, CAC scores haven’t proved useful as an effective instrument for universal screening. A 2022 Danish study evaluating a population-based program, for example, showed no benefit in death rates for patients who had experienced CAC screening tests. If AI delivered this information automatically, would the calculation really change? And with widespread adoption, abnormal CAC scores will become common. Who follows up on these findings? “Many health systems aren’t yet set up to act on incidental risk findings at scale,” says Nishith Khandwala, the cofounder of Bunkerville Health. “Without a standard procedure for doing so”, he says, “you risk creating more work than value.” There’s also the question of whether these AI-created scores would actually improve patient care. For patients with symptoms, a CAC score of zero may offer a false sense of security. For asymptomatic patients with a high CAC score, the next steps remain uncertain. In both cases, the normal pattern of diagnosis (诊断) — in which doctors and patients purposely test to figure out what’s causing a specific problem — was completely disturbed. But, as Adam Rodman, who pays special attention to the problems in the application of AI in disease diagnosis, notes that incident diseases were still found by humans reviewing the scans. Now, he says, “we are entering an era of ‘machine-based disease classification’, where algorithms define diseases on their own terms.” As machines make more diagnoses, they may catch things we miss. However, holding the pen as they switch between patients and algorithmic outputs — doctors still matter. 32. What can we learn about AI-created CAC scores? A. They can replace doctors in the process of heart disease diagnosis. B. They may bring new challenges to the traditional pattern of medical diagnosis. C. They have already been fully used in the existing health systems worldwide. D. They have been widely proven to reduce the death rate of heart disease patients. 33. How does the author develop the passage? A. By giving global official data and trends. B. By presenting problems and expert opinions. C. By listing benefits and methods of AI-CAC scores. D. By comparing AI screening with traditional methods. 34. What is the author’s attitude toward AI-based CAC scores in heart disease screening? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Cautious. D. Doubtful. 【答案】32 B 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人工智能在心脏疾病筛查中的应用，尤其是通过AI算法生成冠状动脉钙化（CAC）评分的潜力与面临的问题，同时分析了其对传统医疗诊断模式的挑战。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In both cases, the normal pattern of diagnosis — in which doctors and patients purposely test to figure out what’s causing a specific problem — was completely disturbed.(在这两种情况下，医生和患者通过针对性检查来明确病因的常规诊断模式都被彻底打乱了。) ”可知，AI生成的CAC评分可能给传统医疗诊断模式带来新的挑战。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But while it seems promising, the practice raises plenty of questions. For example, CAC scores haven’t proved useful as an effective instrument for universal screening.(但尽管前景广阔，这一做法也引发了诸多问题。例如，CAC评分尚未被证明是全人群筛查的有效工具。)”、第三段“‘Many health systems aren’t yet set up to act on incidental risk findings at scale,’ says Nishith Khandwala, the cofounder of Bunkerville Health.(‘许多卫生系统尚未准备好大规模应对偶然发现的风险。’Bunkerville Health公司的联合创始人Nishith Khandwala说道。)”以及第四段“But, as Adam Rodman, who pays special attention to the problems in the application of AI in disease diagnosis, notes that incident diseases were still found by humans reviewing the scans.(但正如专门关注人工智能在疾病诊断应用中存在的问题的Adam Rodman所指出的，偶然发现的疾病仍然需要依靠人工复查影像才能确认。)” 可知，作者通过提出问题并引用专家观点来推进论述。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This technology could be a breakthrough for public health, but it remains unproven broadly while raising tricky questions about application and even how we define disease.(这项技术或许能成为公共卫生领域的一项突破，但它尚未得到广泛验证，同时还引发了关于应用方式，甚至我们如何定义疾病的棘手问题。)”以及第四段“However, holding the pen as they switch between patients and algorithmic outputs — doctors still matter.(然而，在患者与算法结果之间进行决策时，最终的决定权仍在医生手中——医生依然至关重要。)”可知，作者既肯定了AI的潜力，也客观分析了其问题，整体态度是谨慎的。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In recent years, scientists have uncovered a fascinating truth: our muscles possess a distinct memory for movement and exercise. We’ve all observed that consistent physical exercise builds bigger, stronger muscles — but the science behind this process is far more complex than meets the eye. ____35____ However, few know the biological process behind this muscle recovery rule. As leading muscle scientist Adam Sharples explains, human skeletal muscle cells are unique. Long, thin fibers with multiple cores, they grow via stress/ injury-activated satellite cells donating components to boost muscle growth and recovery. Crucially, these core parts persist in muscle fibers despite long inactivity, aiding muscle growth resumption as a biological advantage. Sharples’ lab made history in 2018 by proving human skeletal muscle retains exercise-induced growth memory, enabling rapid responses to later workouts even after long breaks. In other words, your muscles remember how to grow. ____36____ Sharples also points out convincing new evidence that muscles store memories of tissue loss, with clear differences between younger and older muscle tissue. Young muscle shows what he calls a “positive” tissue loss memory: after an initial period of wasting away, it recovers strongly and avoids greater loss during later tissue loss periods. ____37____ This negative memory makes older muscle more vulnerable to severe tissue loss and causes an extreme cell reaction during recovery. This pattern reveals a key balance: “negative” muscle memories can reduce the benefits of “positive” ones ____38____. It also shows why long periods of inactivity can be more harmful for older adults. ____39____ The more regularly we exercise and challenge them, the better they can make good use of this natural ability to become a lasting, beneficial part of our bodies long into the future. A. On the other hand, older muscle has a more obvious “negative” memory. B. The main result is clear: muscles have their own form of intelligence. C. Even a short break from exercise will erase the progress you’ve made in building muscle. D. This discovery hasn’t changed traditional views of how muscles adapt to physical activity over time. E. In short, Sharples’ research shows muscles keep an exercise memory to help grow faster after breaks. F. This balance between different types of muscle memories has important effects for fitness and aging. G Many people have experienced the fact of regaining muscle faster after a break from working out. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家的研究发现：人体肌肉拥有运动和锻炼的独特记忆，骨骼肌会保留运动带来的生长记忆，且肌肉还会储存组织流失的记忆，年轻人与老年人的肌肉组织在这方面存在显著差异，不同的肌肉记忆间存在平衡关系，规律锻炼能让肌肉更好地发挥这种记忆能力。 【35题详解】 上文“In recent years, scientists have uncovered a fascinating truth: our muscles possess a distinct memory for movement and exercise. We’ve all observed that consistent physical exercise builds bigger, stronger muscles — but the science behind this process is far more complex than meets the eye. (近年来，科学家们发现了一个有趣的事实：我们的肌肉拥有对运动和锻炼的独特记忆。我们都能看到规律的体育锻炼能练就更粗壮、更强健的肌肉，但这个过程背后的科学原理远比表面看起来复杂。)”点明了肌肉拥有运动记忆这一核心，同时暗示其背后有复杂的科学原理；下文“However, few know the biological process behind this muscle recovery rule. (然而，很少有人知道这一肌肉恢复规律背后的生物过程。)”中出现指代词“this muscle recovery rule”，说明前文需提及一种大众熟知的肌肉恢复相关现象。选项G“很多人都有过停止锻炼后恢复肌肉速度更快的经历”，恰好对应下文“this muscle recovery rule”所指代的内容，承接上文肌肉有运动记忆的话题，同时通过后文的转折自然引出对该规律背后生物过程的解析，逻辑衔接紧密。故选G。 【36题详解】 上文“Crucially, these core parts persist in muscle fibers despite long inactivity, aiding muscle growth resumption as a biological advantage. Sharples’ lab made history in 2018 by proving human skeletal muscle retains exercise-induced growth memory, enabling rapid responses to later workouts even after long breaks. In other words, your muscles remember how to grow. (关键的是，即便长期不活动，这些核心部分仍会留存于肌纤维中，作为一种生物优势助力肌肉恢复生长。夏普尔斯的实验室在2018年取得了具有开创性的成果，证实人体骨骼肌会保留由运动诱导的生长记忆，即便长时间中断锻炼，后续再次锻炼时也能快速做出反应。换句话说，你的肌肉记得该如何生长。)”详细阐述了夏普尔斯关于肌肉生长记忆的核心研究成果，明确了肌肉会保留运动诱导的生长记忆这一结论。选项E“简而言之，夏普尔斯的研究表明肌肉会保留运动记忆，以在中断锻炼后更快地生长”，精准总结了上文的研究核心，既呼应了肌肉生长记忆的关键信息，又能顺畅过渡到下文关于肌肉组织流失记忆的新研究，衔接自然且贴合主旨。故选E。 【37题详解】 上文“Sharples also points out convincing new evidence that muscles store memories of tissue loss, with clear differences between younger and older muscle tissue. Young muscle shows what he calls a “positive” tissue loss memory: after an initial period of wasting away, it recovers strongly and avoids greater loss during later tissue loss periods.(夏普尔斯还指出了确凿的新证据，表明肌肉会储存组织流失的记忆，且年轻和年老的肌肉组织在这方面存在明显差异。年轻的肌肉会表现出他所说的“积极的”组织流失记忆：在经历最初的萎缩阶段后，它会快速恢复，并且在后续的组织流失阶段能避免更大的损耗。)”明确了肌肉会储存组织流失的记忆，且不同年龄段肌肉的这种记忆存在差异，还具体介绍了年轻肌肉的“积极”组织流失记忆。选项A“另一方面，老年肌肉则有着更明显的‘消极’记忆”，以“另一方面”形成鲜明对比，既呼应了上文不同年龄段肌肉记忆有差异的表述，又引出老年肌肉的记忆特点，同时成为后文“this negative memory”所指代的内容，为下文介绍消极记忆的负面影响做好铺垫，贴合语境。故选A。 【38题详解】 上文“This pattern reveals a key balance: “negative” muscle memories can reduce the benefits of “positive” ones. (这种模式揭示了一种关键的平衡关系：“消极的”肌肉记忆会削弱“积极的”肌肉记忆所带来的益处。)”点明了“消极”与“积极”肌肉记忆之间存在关键的平衡关系。下文“It also shows why long periods of inactivity can be more harmful for older adults. (这也解释了为何长时间不活动对老年人的危害更大。)”中“It”指代前文提及的平衡关系，且通过“also”引出该平衡关系的具体影响。选项F“不同类型肌肉记忆之间的这种平衡对健身和衰老有着重要的影响”，既承接上文的平衡关系这一核心话题，又明确了该平衡关系的重要意义，恰好对应下文“it”的指代内容，同时通过“also”自然衔接后文对老年人的具体影响，逻辑连贯。故选F。 【39题详解】 上文第四空“This balance between different types of muscle memories has important effects for fitness and aging. It also shows why long periods of inactivity can be more harmful for older adults. (不同类型肌肉记忆之间这种平衡关系对健身和衰老有着重要影响，这也解释了为何长时间不活动对老年人的危害更大。)”总结了肌肉记忆平衡关系的影响，下文“The more regularly we exercise and challenge them, the better they can make good use of this natural ability to become a lasting, beneficial part of our bodies long into the future. (我们越规律地锻炼和挑战肌肉，肌肉就越能更好地利用这种天生的能力，在未来很长一段时间里成为我们身体中持久且有益的一部分。)”中“this natural ability”指代肌肉的天生能力，且强调规律锻炼的重要性。选项B“核心结论很明确：肌肉拥有属于自己的智慧形式”，既对前文肌肉记忆的相关研究做出总结，又点明肌肉的天生能力（即肌肉记忆）就是其“自身的智慧形式”，对应下文“this natural ability”的指代内容，同时引出后文关于规律锻炼的建议，升华文章主旨。故选B。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 You don’t have to give up sugar or run a marathon to see real changes in your health and happiness. Instead, science supports a “start small” way. Small actions, done regularly, are what create long-lasting changes. The secret? It’s not willpower. It’s not even goals. The best way to turn a small change into a powerful habit is not to focus on your motivation, your reasons for doing it, or your long-term goals. Wait, what? Isn’t motivation the whole point of New Year’s resolutions? Aren’t goals supposed to fuel us? That is what everyone thinks, but research has shown that making small changes to the environment, the situation in which you perform the behavior, is far more powerful. Goals aren’t bad; they certainly have a purpose, but “motivation” only lasts for so long. Habits need to be two things to stick: easy and enjoyable. For example, do you think your goal of getting back into the same size jeans you wore in high school will inspire you to hit the gym every day? Probably not. What will, then? Choosing a gym that’s close to your house, ideally less than 5 miles, was the strongest factor for predicting gym attendance in our research. Even better if you are doing an activity, you really enjoy or meeting a good friend there. The best part: Once these tiny changes take root, they add up — better sleep, stronger muscles, calmer moods and a sharper mind. Just as compound interest grows wealth over time, small, consistent habits can lead to great health improvements. Start now by choosing one or two of these small habits that suit you. Once you feel confident with these, add similar habits for even greater benefits. Instead of trying to change everything or forcing yourself to do something you hate, focus on two questions: How can I make it easy to do? And how can I make it enjoyable? That’s how you change your life, one small change at a time. 40. What can create long-lasting changes? ____________________________________________________________________________ 41. What kind of habits are easy to stick to? ____________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In our research, choosing a gym far from home was the most important factor in ensuring gym attendance. ____________________________________________________________________________ 43. Besides the examples given in the text, what a small, regular habit do you have to improve your health or daily life? And explain why it works for you.（In about 40 words） ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Small actions, done regularly. 41. Habits that are easy and enjoyable. 42. In our research, choosing a gym far from home was the most important factor in ensuring gym attendance. According to the fifth paragraph of the text, “Choosing a gym that’s close to your house, ideally less than 5 miles, was the strongest factor for predicting gym attendance in our research.” 43. I drink a glass of warm water every morning. It’s easy to do and helps me stay hydrated, which boosts my metabolism and keeps my skin healthy. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“从小处着手”的健康生活方式。文章指出，持续的微小行动而非动力或目标，才是创造持久改变的关键，并提出让习惯变得“简单且愉悦”是坚持下去的核心方法。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Small actions, done regularly, are what create long-lasting changes.(定期进行的微小行动，才是创造持久改变的关键。)”可知，定期进行的微小行动能创造持久的改变。故填Small actions, done regularly. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Habits need to be two things to stick: easy and enjoyable.(习惯要想坚持下去，需要具备两个特点：简单且愉悦。)” 可知，容易坚持的习惯是“简单且愉悦的”。故填Habits that are easy and enjoyable. 【42题详解】 考查细节判断。根据第五段“Choosing a gym that’s close to your house, ideally less than 5 miles, was the strongest factor for predicting gym attendance in our research.(在我们的研究中，选择离家近的健身房，最好不到5英里，是预测健身出勤率的最关键因素。)”可知，研究中“离家近的健身房”才是预测健身出勤率的关键，因此“far from home”表述错误。故填In our research, choosing a gym far from home was the most important factor in ensuring gym attendance. According to the fifth paragraph of the text, “Choosing a gym that’s close to your house, ideally less than 5 miles, was the strongest factor for predicting gym attendance in our research.” 【43题详解】 开放问题。根据第一段“Small actions, done regularly, are what create long-lasting changes.(定期进行的微小行动，才是创造持久改变的关键。)”、第四段“Habits need to be two things to stick: easy and enjoyable.(习惯要想坚持下去，需要具备两个特点：简单且愉悦。)”以及第六段“Just as compound interest grows wealth over time, small, consistent habits can lead to great health improvements.(就像复利会随着时间积累财富一样，微小且持续的习惯也能带来显著的健康改善。)”可知，围绕“small, regular habit(微小且规律的习惯)”这一核心要求，是贴合原文的。故填I drink a glass of warm water every morning. It’s easy to do and helps me stay hydrated, which boosts my metabolism and keeps my skin healthy. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim进入高中后，学习和生活受到一些电子产品的严重影响。特发来邮件向你寻求帮助，请你根据自身经验给Jim写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 提出建议并给出理由； 2. 表达鼓励和期待。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m sorry to hear that electronic products are seriously affecting your study and life since you entered senior high school. Based on my own experience, I’d like to give you some practical advice. First, put away your electronic devices during study time, because it can help you concentrate better and improve your study efficiency. Second, set a daily time limit for using them, such as 30 minutes after finishing homework, to avoid addiction. Besides, spend more time doing sports or talking with your classmates, which can enrich your life and help you get rid of dependence on electronics. I believe you can make it with determination. Keep trying, and you’ll soon balance your study and daily life well. I’m looking forward to hearing your good news. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高一学生李华的身份，给英国笔友Jim写一封回信，针对其进入高中后受电子产品严重影响的问题，结合自身经验提出建议并说明理由，同时表达鼓励和期待。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 集中注意力：concentrate → focus 效率：efficiency → effectiveness 沉迷：addiction → dependence 摆脱：get rid of → shake off 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：I believe you can make it with determination. 拓展句：I am in the belief that you can make it with determination. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, spend more time doing sports or talking with your classmates, which can enrich your life and help you get rid of dependence on electronics.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】First, put away your electronic devices during study time, because it can help you concentrate better and improve your study efficiency.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年度第一学期教学质量监控样卷 高一英语 2026.1 注意事项 1.本样卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。 2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。 3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在样卷上作答无效。 4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One afternoon in the Alps, the radio suddenly announced a warning — thick snow had ___1___ an outdoor camp and three people were missing. Mark and his four hiking friends, who just finished their trip, were getting more supplies at the mountain foot when they heard the news. Grabbing their hiking sticks, they ___2___ into the mountains right away. “Don’t wait for the rescuers! Every minute ___3___ for those trapped!” Mark shouted, waving his hand. And yet, no one noticed that he didn’t even carry a snowslide detector and what was more, none of them thought to call the rescue center. They struggled through soft new snow that ___4___ their knees, each step a battle. Suddenly, the snow beside them made a sound. Before anyone could ___5___ a half meter-thick wall of snow came crashing down. Anna screamed loudly as the snow pulled her into a pile of snow. The others hurried to help, only to get ___6___ in the loose snow one after another. When the wind and snow finally ___7___ down, all five were trapped in a narrow snow valley. By then, their phones had been without ___8___ for a long time, and the bitter cold made their teeth chatter. It wasn’t until evening that a professional rescue team, following the trail of their abandoned backpacks, found the group of “rescuers” with a detector. As Mark was pulled out of the snow, he stared at the team’s equipment, his face turning red with ___9___. They’d set out to save others, but ____10____ being the ones rescued. By then, the real victims had been safely taken to a safe place hour earlier. 1 A. circled B. covered C. filled D. wrapped 2. A. rushed B. walked C. climbed D. wandered 3 A. helps B. works C. matters D. limits 4. A. pressed B. touched C. reached D. passed 5. A. approach B. respond C. quit D. disappear 6. A. lost B. hurt C. stuck D. gapped 7. A. died B. fell C. broke D. turned 8. A. sense B. sound C. message D. signal 9. A. disappointment B. surprise C. fear D. shame 10. A. ended up B. gave up C. put up D. took up 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 So far, many cities in northern China ___11___(hold) a variety of ice and snow festivals. Changchun Lianhuadao will hold its “Ice and Snow Folk Lantern Festival” until March 8, 2026. The festival has the theme “Big Red Lanterns Hanging High”. The site will be decorated with ten thousand shining lanterns, ___12___ will light up the whole area. It will also gather authentic local delicious foods such as iron pot stew. Changchun sincerely invites tourists ___13___ all over the country to start a warm and unique winter journey, which combines traditional charm with icy fun. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Many Swiss still favor natural dyeing (染色) and purchase packaged onion peels from supermarkets, which ___14___ (price) at $33.5 per kilogram — far more expensive than onions that sell for $2.84 a pound in the same stores. Though what makes sense is to buy onions, cook with them and reuse the ___15___ (dry) peels for dyeing, some Swiss prefer the packaged version, as it spares them the trouble of cleaning. Being pre-washed and capable of creating more beautiful colors, these peels perfectly meet people’s demands, ___16___ (explain) why they are even regarded as luxury goods for Easter. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Last Friday, we held an English corner in the school garden. Before we arrived there, our teacher ___17___ (collect) many interesting topics like ___18___ (share) our favorite movies and talking about our dream jobs. When the activity started, a boy from Class 3 stood up first. He spoke so fluently that everyone listened carefully. ___19___ surprised us all was that he used to be afraid of speaking English in public. Later he ___20___ (tell) us that he had kept practicing with his classmates every day for two months. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In October 2026, UK hosts events like New Scientist Live 2026. They open science’s door to all, letting people of all ages find joy in exploration. New Scientist Live 2026 Head to New Scientist Live 2026, from 18 to 20 October, for loads of mind-blowing science, technology and interesting ideas. There are four main stages at the event: The Future, Mind and Body, Our Planet and The Universe, and lots of fantastic speakers will be appearing. Nothing but school groups are admitted to New Scientist Live on October 20th. Schools’ Day is all about inspiring young people with activities and career opportunities in the science world. Find out more at live.newscientist.com. Celebrate Science 2026 On 28 and 29 October, Durham University and Locomotion, a rail museum, will be revealing the wonders and science of the everyday. Discover the story of Mini, whose granny has reduced herself to a tiny size—it’s up to Mini and her friends to use science to rescue her. Only schools can get into Celebrate Science 2026 on October 29th. For more information, visit tinyurl.com/SN-locomotion. Bradford Science Festival From 25 October to 2 November, this festival brings the future to life with five zones themed around technology, fashion, climate, sound and food. Learn how to “Make a Meal” with Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, drum for your health with the Clem Burke Drumming Project and find out how hydrogen cars work. Discover more at tinyurl.com/SN-BradfordScience. IF Oxford Science and Ideas From 17 October to 2 November, Oxford will come to life with more than 100 events. On 18 October, meet researchers and scientists at the Science Oxford Centre, and experience the Poetry of Science. Also on offer as robot racing, incredible insects and being an engineer for the day in “Fusion Fix It”. Visit if-oxford.com to find out more. 21. What do New Scientist Live 2026 and Celebrate Science 2026 have in common? A. Both events are organized by Durham University. B. Both events share a story about a girl and her granny. C. Both events have a special day open only to schools. D. Both events focus on showing space and universe themes. 22. Which event allows visitors to learn about the science-related cooking activity? A. New Scientist Live 2026 B. Celebrate Science 2026 C. Bradford Science Festival D. IF Oxford Science and Ideas 23. What can visitors do at IF Oxford Science and Ideas? A. Learn about keeping your favorite insects. B. Discover the story of Mini and her granny. C. Enjoy the Poetry of Science on 18 October. D. Try robot racing with experts and researchers. 24. What is the main purpose of the four events? A. To hold competitions for science lovers. B. To train professional scientists for universities. C. To introduce new scientific inventions to experts. D. To spread scientific knowledge to the general public. B The Palisades Fire in Los Angeles burned Charlotte Tragos’s home to the ground. “It was a pretty special and unique house,” says Tragos, who escaped with her parents, her younger sister and their three dogs when the fire broke out on January 7, 2025. A few days after the fire started, a friend shared a video with her of a Los Angeles artist offering to create, for free, watercolor paintings of people’s homes before they were burned down. Tragos reached out to the artist, Jordan Heber, asking if she could do Tragos’s childhood home. “I wanted to do it as a surprise to my parents, who are extremely busy right now,” she says. Tragos sent a photo to Heber, who completed a painting of Tragos’s home in just three days. “Our homes are so much more than these physical, standing things that we keep our belongings in,” says Heber, who lives in Santa Monica. “It’s an incredible honor to create these lasting respects to the places that carried so much life and memory.” Tragos says she will forever be grateful to Heber. “It means the world,” she says. “We’re in a position where we have nothing, and anything like that, especially pieces that honor what the house meant to us — it is really inspiring.” Behind this deeply comforting gift, though, lies the heartfelt motivation (初衷，动力)that drove Heber to act when the wildfires struck. A friend sent her a post by another local artist offering to draw people’s homes at no charge, and Heber was inspired. “This will be my way to help people,” said Heber. Shortly after she posted her offer on social media, requests started coming in. Heber has created more than 25 paintings, including one for Jeremy Wineberg, whose home in Pacific Palisades was destroyed. “We told her our story, and she so kindly and lovingly made such a beautiful memory that looks exactly as if it was a photograph,” says Wineberg. “We’re going to frame it and put it in our new home eventually.” Heber is glad that people find her paintings meaningful, saying, “Hopefully it inspires others to use their talents to help people.” 25. Which statement about Jordan Heber’s free painting service is TRUE? A. She designed the service after seeing the special and unique house. B. People asked her to paint the houses they moved into after the fire. C. She has drawn over 25 house paintings since advertising her service online. D. Her painting service was first offered to the people affected by the Palisades Fire. 26. What motivated Jordan Heber to provide free paintings for fire victims? A. The urgent need from fire victims spread on social media. B. The kind act of another local artist who offered free drawings. C. The hope of making her painting skills better known to the public. D. The extra time she had after the wildfires disturbed her daily work. 27. What kind of person is Jordan Heber according to the passage? A. Generous and reliable. B. Modest and determined. C. Talented and imaginative. D. Warm-hearted and artistic. C For a long time, plant tissues were thought to be incapable of remaking. When that was disproved in the early 1900s, researchers focused largely on roots, where many bacteria (细菌) are involved in soil-based food cycling. Whatever might be living within a plant’s shoots, trunks and leaves was mostly ignored. For a recent study in Nature, researchers analyzed about 150 trees across 16 species to map their trunk microbial communities. They estimate (估计) a single mature tree hosts roughly one trillion bacteria in its “microbiome” (微生物组) with distinct communities in different layers. In other words, the trees have methane (甲烷)-producing bacteria which may release greenhouse gases. “It turned out what’s living inside the trees was really different from what we found anywhere else in the forest,” says the study’s co-lead author, Jonathan Gewirtzman, an ecosystem ecologist at Yale University. To examine the trunk’s hidden community, Gewirtzman and his colleagues drilled into living tree trunks to collect thin core samples, which they immediately froze with dry ice to prevent microbial activity. They then separated the cores into side wood and heartwood, ground the frozen wood into powder and ordered the bacteria in each layer. To study the activity of living microbes, they also sealed holes drilled into trees and later measured gases such as methane released by different layers. The researchers learned that when trees are evolutionarily close, they tend to have similar microbiomes. And the team found a surprise deep inside the trunks: “In the older and inner heartwood,” Gewirtzman says, “we saw microbes more like what you’d find in a wetland — anaerobic bacteria and methane producers,” species suited to a waterlogged and oxygen-poor environment. Some bacteria in the outer layers may consume part of that methane, the researchers found, but the study suggests that methane-producing bacteria inside trees could still create greenhouse gas emissions (排放) scientists should figure into calculations. “It is a really nice study, as they did something different from most: comparing the inner wood against the outer wood. By studying these natural plant-microbe partnerships, we can understand which bacteria are important and active to add back into our agricultural system,” a plant microbiologist says. 28. What can we learn about the long-standing view regarding plant tissues? A. It claimed that plant tissues could not regrow. B. It was disproved by research on soil food cycling. C. It stressed the role of bacteria in plant shoots and leaves. D. It was fully supported by studies on plant roots in the 1900s. 29. What does the Nature study reveal about the bacterial communities in tree trunks? A. Bacteria in different tree species share same characteristics. B. Bacterial communities in tree trunks are identical to those in roots. C. The number of bacteria in a tree’s microbiome is fixed at one trillion. D. Certain bacteria within tree trunks could contribute to greenhouse gases. 30. What is the primary focus of the researchers’ work in paragraph 3? A. Comparing the gas-releasing abilities of different tree species. B. Developing effective ways to preserve tree trunk core samples. C. Exploring tree trunk microbes by various experimental methods. D. Analyzing the relationship between tree age and microbial variety. 31. What is the significance of the study on tree trunk microbes? A. It helps understand key bacteria for agricultural system improvement. B. It updates the long-standing view that plant tissues are extremely active. C. It finds a way to clear away methane-producing bacteria in tree trunks. D. It proves that tree roots are less important than trunks for food cycling. D Doctors struggle to predict who will have a heart attack. Could AI help? Now many companies are applying AI algorithms to screen millions of CT scans for early signs of heart disease. This technology could be a breakthrough for public health, but it remains unproven broadly while raising tricky questions about application and even how we define disease. Coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker for heart attack risk, and testing for CAC remains an underused method of predicting heart attack risk. CAC scans were believed to have a big benefit and were marketed to the worried well. Attitudes, though, may be shifting. More expert groups are supporting CAC scores as a way to improve heart attack risk estimates and persuade doubtful patients to start taking a specific type of pill The promise of AI-derived CAC scores is part of a broader trend toward mining treasures of medical data to spot otherwise undetected disease. But while it seems promising, the practice raises plenty of questions. For example, CAC scores haven’t proved useful as an effective instrument for universal screening. A 2022 Danish study evaluating a population-based program, for example, showed no benefit in death rates for patients who had experienced CAC screening tests. If AI delivered this information automatically, would the calculation really change? And with widespread adoption, abnormal CAC scores will become common. Who follows up on these findings? “Many health systems aren’t yet set up to act on incidental risk findings at scale,” says Nishith Khandwala, the cofounder of Bunkerville Health. “Without a standard procedure for doing so”, he says, “you risk creating more work than value.” There’s also the question of whether these AI-created scores would actually improve patient care. For patients with symptoms, a CAC score of zero may offer a false sense of security. For asymptomatic patients with a high CAC score, the next steps remain uncertain. In both cases, the normal pattern of diagnosis (诊断) — in which doctors and patients purposely test to figure out what’s causing a specific problem — was completely disturbed. But, as Adam Rodman, who pays special attention to the problems in the application of AI in disease diagnosis, notes that incident diseases were still found by humans reviewing the scans. Now, he says, “we are entering an era of ‘machine-based disease classification’, where algorithms define diseases on their own terms.” As machines make more diagnoses, they may catch things we miss. However, holding the pen as they switch between patients and algorithmic outputs — doctors still matter. 32. What can we learn about AI-created CAC scores? A. They can replace doctors in the process of heart disease diagnosis. B. They may bring new challenges to the traditional pattern of medical diagnosis. C. They have already been fully used in the existing health systems worldwide. D. They have been widely proven to reduce the death rate of heart disease patients. 33. How does the author develop the passage? A. By giving global official data and trends. B. By presenting problems and expert opinions. C. By listing benefits and methods of AI-CAC scores. D. By comparing AI screening with traditional methods. 34. What is the author’s attitude toward AI-based CAC scores in heart disease screening? A Supportive. B. Critical. C. Cautious. D. Doubtful. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In recent years, scientists have uncovered a fascinating truth: our muscles possess a distinct memory for movement and exercise. We’ve all observed that consistent physical exercise builds bigger, stronger muscles — but the science behind this process is far more complex than meets the eye. ____35____ However, few know the biological process behind this muscle recovery rule. As leading muscle scientist Adam Sharples explains, human skeletal muscle cells are unique. Long, thin fibers with multiple cores, they grow via stress/ injury-activated satellite cells donating components to boost muscle growth and recovery. Crucially, these core parts persist in muscle fibers despite long inactivity, aiding muscle growth resumption as a biological advantage. Sharples’ lab made history in 2018 by proving human skeletal muscle retains exercise-induced growth memory, enabling rapid responses to later workouts even after long breaks. In other words, your muscles remember how to grow. ____36____ Sharples also points out convincing new evidence that muscles store memories of tissue loss, with clear differences between younger and older muscle tissue. Young muscle shows what he calls a “positive” tissue loss memory: after an initial period of wasting away, it recovers strongly and avoids greater loss during later tissue loss periods. ____37____ This negative memory makes older muscle more vulnerable to severe tissue loss and causes an extreme cell reaction during recovery. This pattern reveals a key balance: “negative” muscle memories can reduce the benefits of “positive” ones. ____38____. It also shows why long periods of inactivity can be more harmful for older adults. ____39____ The more regularly we exercise and challenge them, the better they can make good use of this natural ability to become a lasting, beneficial part of our bodies long into the future. A. On the other hand, older muscle has a more obvious “negative” memory. B. The main result is clear: muscles have their own form of intelligence. C. Even a short break from exercise will erase the progress you’ve made in building muscle. D. This discovery hasn’t changed traditional views of how muscles adapt to physical activity over time. E. In short Sharples’ research shows muscles keep an exercise memory to help grow faster after breaks. F. This balance between different types of muscle memories has important effects for fitness and aging. G. Many people have experienced the fact of regaining muscle faster after a break from working out. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 You don’t have to give up sugar or run a marathon to see real changes in your health and happiness. Instead, science supports a “start small” way. Small actions, done regularly, are what create long-lasting changes. The secret? It’s not willpower. It’s not even goals. The best way to turn a small change into a powerful habit is not to focus on your motivation, your reasons for doing it, or your long-term goals. Wait, what? Isn’t motivation the whole point of New Year’s resolutions? Aren’t goals supposed to fuel us? That is what everyone thinks, but research has shown that making small changes to the environment, the situation in which you perform the behavior, is far more powerful. Goals aren’t bad; they certainly have a purpose, but “motivation” only lasts for so long. Habits need to be two things to stick: easy and enjoyable. For example, do you think your goal of getting back into the same size jeans you wore in high school will inspire you to hit the gym every day? Probably not. What will, then? Choosing a gym that’s close to your house, ideally less than 5 miles, was the strongest factor for predicting gym attendance in our research. Even better if you are doing an activity, you really enjoy or meeting a good friend there. The best part: Once these tiny changes take root, they add up — better sleep, stronger muscles, calmer moods and a sharper mind. Just as compound interest grows wealth over time, small, consistent habits can lead to great health improvements. Start now by choosing one or two of these small habits that suit you. Once you feel confident with these, add similar habits for even greater benefits. Instead of trying to change everything or forcing yourself to do something you hate, focus on two questions: How can I make it easy to do? And how can I make it enjoyable? That’s how you change your life, one small change at a time. 40. What can create long-lasting changes? ____________________________________________________________________________ 41. What kind of habits are easy to stick to? ____________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In our research, choosing a gym far from home was the most important factor in ensuring gym attendance. ____________________________________________________________________________ 43. Besides the examples given in the text, what a small, regular habit do you have to improve your health or daily life? And explain why it works for you.（In about 40 words） ____________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是高一学生李华，你英国笔友Jim进入高中后，学习和生活受到一些电子产品的严重影响。特发来邮件向你寻求帮助，请你根据自身经验给Jim写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 提出建议并给出理由； 2. 表达鼓励和期待。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $