2026年牛津上海版中考英语首字母专项练习

中考英语专项训练 首字母 首字母练习 1 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 “How can I learn English well?" This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most e___l___ way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can r___2___ the text and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner i___3___. Your English will be quite perfect. This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you will find it not h___4___ so hard as you might have thought. Learning this way, you will make r___5___ progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English. Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at j___6___ and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother t___7___. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: effective/efficient recite indeed half rapid jokes tongue 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how i___1___ our eyes are. People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very c___2___ to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see d___3___ things clearly. People who are farsighted face just the o___4___ problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book u___5___ they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too. Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts(白内障). Long ago these people often became b___6___. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them. When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its d___7___. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye is not as s___8___ as the sides of the eye after dark. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: important close distant opposite unless blind direction sensitive 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文 Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other p___l___ things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop d___2___ and flood. Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees, so he has cut them down in large n___3___, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too c___4___ to plant and look after new trees. So the Forests slowly disappear. This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil, make the rain in, and also bind the soil. thus stopping it from being w___5___ away easily; but where there are no trees. the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless d___6___ 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: precious drought numbers careless washed desserts 5. _____________ 6. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：专题报道 Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops c___1___ people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork a___2___ they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have a___3___ to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates: and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers w___4___ going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees. Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more s___5___ to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other r ___6___. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also t___7___ laptop programs at other universities, too. At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything." 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: connect anywhere access without similar resources testing 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 Let children learn to j___l___ their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the d___2___ between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary c___3___ to make his language like other people's. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being t___4___ to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a c___5___ to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never n___6___ a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers w___7___ time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: judge differences changes taught chance notice waste 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 2 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the d___1___ of a sewing machine(缝纫机)but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle. Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a p___2___ sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and o___3___ his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears (矛) raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, r___4___ that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run t___5___ a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practiced sewing machine. Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great p___6___ Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre. To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still a___7___ part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It s___8___ all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves". 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: design perfect ordered realizing through physicist active stores 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Animated movies are ones that use drawings instead of real people Artists must draw thousands of pictures, and each picture must be a l___1___ different. For example, if the movie maker wants to show a girl running, the artist must draw her feet in different places in each picture. When the pictures are shown very q___2___ one after another, it looks like the girl is running. Walt Disney was not the first or only one person to use animation in movies, but he is the most famous. His first Mickey Mouse cartoon in 1928,was called Plane Crazy. This was a short, silent movie about the adventures of a little mouse. Today, 70 years later, Mickey Mouse is still a favorite character, and there are hundreds of cartoons and storybooks about him in many 1___3___. Many people in the movie business thought that animation was only useful for short cartoons. They did not think people would want to see long movies made from moving drawings. Disney did not agree with them. He believed he could tell any kind of story using animation. His first l___4___ movie was Snow White and Seven Dwarfs. Disney spent all his money making this movie. Fortunately, it was a great suecess. He next made Dumbo, about a baby elephant, and this was f___5___ by many more movies. Many of these are still popular today. When we think of Disney, however, we don't think only of movies, we also think of Disneyland. There are Disneylands in Japan, the USA, France, Hong Kong and Shanghai. They are large parks where people can meet c___6___ from Disney’s movies and visit scenes from his movies. A___7___ Walt Disney made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them. Today, we can buy them on video, and from time to time we can see them in theatres. When Walt Disney began making his animated cartoons all those years ago, people drew all the pictures by h___8___. Nowadays, much of this work is done by computers. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: little quickly languages long followed characters although hand 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 Traffic rules around the world Traffic rules are made to keep order on the road. Some traffic rules in some countries are quite u___1___. Travelers should be aware of these rules if they are planning to e___2___ these countries by car. Some interesting traffic rules are related to a___3___. One strange traffic law in Massachusetts, U.S.A (美国马萨诸塞州) says that gorillas are followed to travel in a car. However, they can only ride in the passenger seat. Drivers will f___4___ a fine if they allow a gorilla to ride in the backseat. Many people like to take dogs in their cars. In Italy, drivers who take their dogs on a road trip are required to fasten their dog's seat belt. In Germany, dogs and other pets are considered cargo (货物). A___5___ there is no safety belt rule, pets must be protected against slipping and falling in the vehicle. Speeding is usually judged by a speed camera. However, in speed zones of 30km/h or less, traffic police in Austria can use their own j___6___ to estimate the speed of a car. Depending on the policeman's guess, sometimes drivers may receive a speeding ticket even though they traveling u___7___ the speed limit. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: unusual explore animals face although judgement under 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp r___l___ its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its o___2___ value. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847, an order for stamps was sent to a London printer. Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to i___3___ stamps. Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the i___4___. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office” instead of Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he p___5___. Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left, fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue’s r___6___ and age, collectors have paid as much as $16,800 for it. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: raises original issue invitations printed rareness 5. _____________ 6. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文 Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this f___1___ to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in c___2___ touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience. E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the o___3___. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool. The Internet also makes it easy to share t___4___ with a group of friends. Say you do something fun-see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may be t___5___ of telling the story. With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your c___6___ and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply when they are convenient, and you can read what they have to say when you are convenient. E-mail is also an i___7___ way to stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college. We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don't take the place of any of the old ways. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: freedom closer office thoughts tired convenience inexpensive 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 3 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：应用文 The dictionary defines a scrapbook as "an empty book for collecting and preserving photographs, newspaper articles, and other papers. "Today', scrapbooking is also a verb—and a popular new h___1___. We talked with Diane Lucas of Scrapsforever.com. Q: What is scrapbooking? When I make a scrapbook page, I take a few of my family photos and put them into a "layout"—a page that uses fancy paper, stickers, drawings, and words to show the theme. For example, this page about my son is called "First Day at School". Here's a photo of him and one of his drawings, and I d___2___ it with ribbons, stickers and so on. When you make a scrapbook, you put words and pictures together to show the important times in your life. It's like a personal h___3___. Q: How did you get started? I made my first scrapbook ten years ago, when my father died. When I looked through his desk. I found the most wonderful things—like the cards my parents sent each other, and photos from his Army days. Those were such precious m___4___. I couldn’t t___5___ away anything, so I made two scrapbooks, for my brother and me. Q: Do you know other people who made scrapbooks? Oh, yes! We call ourselves "scrappers," and we love to get together. We often have "crops," big parties where we all make our scrapbooks. We bring our scissors and papers and our b___6___ of photos, and we talk while working on new pages. It is time for e___7___. When friends show pictures and tell stories about our families, and our lives. At the same time, we create a book to keep those memories. Q: Why is scrapbooking so popular these days? I think people want to keep their family stories, and d___8___ them to other people. When you make a scrapbook, you can pass the stories to your children, and your grandchildren. So many people today want to do that! If you go online, you will find scrapbooking websites from Norway, New Zealand and South Africa. We all have boxes of pictures, and we all want to keep those precious memories. That’s the real value of scrapbooking: sharing your family and your story. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: hobby decorated history memories throw boxes enjoyment display 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文 We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every single d___1___ of all the events in her daily life. Rebecca Sharrock,25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been identified as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (超级自传体记忆症). It means she can remember every small event—which most people would forger w___2___ days— as if it had happened just moments ago. "I remember my mum placing me in the driver, s seat of: a car and taking a picture of me when I was twelve years old,” she said. "That's my e___3___ memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates e___4___ because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that day, what the weather was like and so on.” Rebecca can also re-experience taste. If she's eating something unpleasant, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so p___5___ that she can nearly “taste” it. However, there are times when her memories prove to be painful as it's not just events that she re-members. "When I relive (再体验) memories, the feelings r___6___, too.” Rebecca said. "For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents’ house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.” "At night, I have to sleep with the r___7___ and a soft light on," she added. "If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all those memories and I can't sleep." 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: detail within earliest exactly powerful return radio/recorder 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文 It was 3:21 a.m., when ten-year-old Glenn Creamer was woken Lip by the s___l___ of burning. Except for the cracking of flames somewhere below, there was not a sound in the two-floor house. But he realized at once what was happening. As his father was away on night d___2___ at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his 14-year-old sister Karen and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped them through the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick b___3___ and coughing, couldn’t move any more. The ten-year-old r___4___ back into the house and upstairs into his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy kept calm. As a fireman said later, "He acted with all the self-control of a r___5___ adult." On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father. After Glenn made sure his father would telephone the firemen and ambulance service, he got on with the task of saving his mother. First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. In this way, she would be kept away from the fire before the firemen arrived. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden. He could hear the fire e___6___ coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where fire had almost covered the ground floor? . Fetching a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and rushed upstairs to his mother's room. He tied one e___7___ of the string to her hand. Then he began to run back. He laid out the string as he went through the hall and back out into the garden. Minutes later he was telling fire Chief John Coughlan, "The string will l___8___ you to mother” Mrs. Creamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: smell duty breath raced/ran/rushed raised engine end lead 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文 Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful conditions. Social support makes up of the e ___1___ of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear b___2___ able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those w___3___ such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people d___4___ themselves against illness, and the a___5___ of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways. First. Friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they v___6___ us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel a___7___ by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solution to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities; with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our w___8___ and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: exchange better without defend absence value accepted worries 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Many people are interested in family history, an area of study called genealogy (家谱学). Most genealogy experts have heard about the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Library c___1___ to have the largest collection of genealogical records in the world. Shirley Griffith has more about this unusual research center. The Family History Library has many records to help people s___2___ for information about their family histories. It has b___3___, marriage and death records from religious groups and governments. The collection includes official population, court and property records. It also includes burial records, ship passenger lists and published family histories. The Family History Library has information from almost every area of the world. Most records are from 1550 through 1920. These records include the names of more than two thousand million people who have died. The library has few records of l___4___ persons. The Family History Libra0, is operated by the Church of .Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The church has been g___5___ family history records around the world for more than one hundred years. The group urges (催促) its members to Study the lives of early family members as a religions requirement. The Family History Library is open to the public every day except Sunday and some holidays. Visitors are invited to use its books and other materials. Library officials say it is one of the most popular places for visitors in Utah. About two thousand four hundred people use the library each day. Individuals, families and p___6___ groups have given some of their records to the library. The library brought other records from governments. All the information is gathered with the a___7___ of governments or officials who supervise the records. The library copies many records to a kind of film that can be read with special equipment. It is known as microfilm. The collection is always e___8___. Today, Church representatives are making copies of important records around the world. Many people find it difficult to travel to Utah to use the Family History Library. So, the Church has set up more than three thousand Family History Centers in seventy-five countries around the world. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: claims search birth living gathering private approval expanding 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight (v.夜间兼职), or hold more than one job. Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center, the 40-year-old psychiatrist (精神病大夫) h___l___ to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month, he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center. Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set to increase this year. Many workers like the s___2___ that moonlighting provides, says Carl Hausamn, the writer of "Moonlighting: 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side." The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household e___3___ or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things. People also take second jobs with an e___4___ to the future—wanting to try out a new field or gain experience. Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable. He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing. Just as the purposes for moonlighting v___5___, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries—no longer just service, office and sale jobs. "Technology just affects your ability to make money,” Hausman says. "That makes a frequent change in moonlighting." As its name means, moonlighting still o___6___ mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time. Full-time employers could misunderstand, too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance. "The primary employer is saying, “Wait. I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,"' says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. "If your re burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show." Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra i___7___, moonlighters enjoy variety, freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time. Besides, "it's fun." Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job. "It’s a way of pulling from the spice cabinet" he says, "and offering a little variety throughout the day.” 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: heads/hurries safety expresses eye vary occurs incomes 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 4 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文 Have you ever been in a meeting and suddenly found that your mind was a million miles away while someone was making a speech? You probably felt s___l___ and made up your mind to pay attention and never daydream again. Most of us, from the earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: Sorry for doing sth. "On the contrary," says an expert in psychology, "daydreaming is quite n___2___. Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking it has to do in daily life. You can't possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. In fact, your unconscioucsmind is working out problems all the time. The unconscious and conscious states of mind have a s___3___ dialogue in the way of daydreaming." Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreaming, and even c___4___ it harmful. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, "Now we know that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we o___5___ our lives, learn from our experiences and plan for future." Daydreams really show the things we f___6___ and the things we desire in life. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: Consider doing Consider sb./sth. to be/as … Take sth. into consideration/account Daydreams are usually very simple and direct while sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It's easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by s___7___ your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help one r___8___ the difficult situation in life and find out a possible way for dealing with them. So next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don’t stop. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: sorry necessary silent considered organize fear studying recognise 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文 This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m___1___ to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught. One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r___2___ this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be calm. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find s___3___ from the freezing wind and snow. Nicholas built a snow c___4___. He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b___5___ to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far. o___6___ he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. Nicholas had often watched Bear Grills' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the t___7___ that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a___8___ that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: managed realized shelter cave blanket or/otherwise tips amzaing 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与 主题群： 语篇类型：文 One day Doctor Ken received a call and was told that a boy called Franco needed an i___1___ operation. He entered the hospital hurriedly. He changed his clothes and went directly to the operating room. Francois father was walking up and down in the hall, waiting for the doctor. On seeing Doctor Ken, the father shouted, "Why did you take so long to come? Don’t you know my son is life is in danger? Don't you have any sense of r___2___?" Comment by Microsoft 帐户: sense of respobsisbility/direction/guilty/safety/humor Doctor Ken smiled and said. "I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I came as fast as I could and now. I wish you'd sit down and be patient so that I can do my work.” "Be patient?! What if your son was in this room right now? If your own son dies while waiting for the doctor, then what will you do?” said Franco's father angrily. Doctor Ken smiled again and replied, "We will do our best and you should also p___3___ for your son's healthy life.” The operation lasted several hours. Then Doctor Ken went out of the operating room happily. "Thank goodness! Your son is saved!" And without waiting for the father’s r___4___ he ran out of the hospital, saying, "If 'you have any question, ask the nurse.” Comment by Microsoft 帐户: reply to sb. "Why?" c___5___ Franco's father, "He couldn’t even wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state.” Comment by Microsoft 帐户: Complain to sb. about sth. compaint CN The nurse answered, t___6___ coming down her face. "Doctor Ken's son died in a road accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s operation. And now that he saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son's burial.’’ Hearing this, Franco's father felt so sorry. And at the same time he was really a___7___. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: immediate responsibility pray reply/response complained tears ashamed 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 If you are going to apply for a job, be prepared for the kinds of interviews you can expect. One type of interviews is the telephone interview. Here are some tips for telephone interviews: p___l___. the question. Before the interview, guess and write down the questions you might be asked. Practice the answers orally until you are satisfied with yourself. The questions can be about your working experiences, skills and a___2___. Keep your notes h___3___. Have any key information next to the phone, including your notes about the company and the questions you have prepared for. Then you can easily get the information you need. In this way, you will s___4___ more prepared. Avoid salary topics. When you are asked how much money you would expect, it’s not wise if you give no response. But it’s not right to give an exact number at once. Try to be open to d___5___, so you'd better say something like. "If this is the right job for me. I believe we can come to an agreement on salary.” Push for a face-to-face meeting. At the end of the interview, don't forget to s___6___ yourself. You can say something like, "I am very interested in your company. If possible I’d be really happy to see some of your managers. I am free either Tuesday afternoon or Wednesday morning. Which would be better for you?” Try to rearrange surprise interviews. If you receive an interview call without any e___7___, you can politely ask them to arrange another time for the interview, so you can be better prepared. Try something like, "I am sorry but I can't do it right now. Can I call you back tomorrow after work, at 6pm.?” After the telephone interview, only a few are left for face-to-face interview, so get prepared and good luck! 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: predict achievements handy sound discussion sell expectation 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Inventions named after people Many new things are invented each year. Interestingly, some inventions are named after the people who invented them, making the inventions and inventors easier to be r___1___. The bowler hat (圆顶高帽) is named after London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler. The brothers received an o___2___ from Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester. They were asked to design a hat for Coke’s gamekeepers to p___3___ their heads from branches while on horseback. Later, the stylish hat became popular in Europe and the United States. Another invention that is named after its inventor is Braille, a writing system used by b___4___ people. French educator Louis Braille developed a new system of reading and writing after learning the cyptography (密码) of French Captain Charles Barbier during the war. The captain had come up with a c___5___ of dots on paper that allowed soldiers to communicate in the dark. The diesel engine is also named after its inventor—German engineer Rudolf Diesel. After a few dangerous tests, he invented a new and more e___6___ engine in 1892 and the engine was later called the diesel engine. The engines were widely used in buses, trucks, trains and s___7___, and Rudolf Diesel became a millionaire. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: remembered order protect blind code efficient ships 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 Student participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors b___l___ part of the final grade on the students oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and i___2___ lectures. In graduate discussions the professor had a "manager” role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these discussions. A professor's teaching method is another factor that d___3___ the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class, without controlling it. Many professors encourage Students to q___4___ their ideas. Students who object to the professor's point of- view should be prepared to p___5___ their positions. In the teaching of science and mathematics, the controlling mode of instruction is generally t___6___, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years. Students in education, society, and history classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in g___7___, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are p___8___ rather than theoretical, they pay more attention to "doing” for themselves. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: base informal determines question prove traditional groups practical 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 5 (1) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文 The koala is u___1___ to Australia and is an important symbol of the country. The koala is find in open eucalypt (桉树) forests in south-east Queensland. Even if it is called koala bear, this animal has n___2___ to do with the actual bear. Koalas have thick fur and large ears. Their broad and flat nose makes them look cute, similar to teddy bears. In fact koalas aren't cute. They have sharp teeth and very sharp claws! Koalas are marsupials (袋类). This means the mother c___3___ her baby in a pocket while it develops similar to a kangaroo. The baby koala lives in its mother's pocket for the first six months of-its life. The name "koala" comes from a native Australian word that means "no drink". The koala gets a___4___ all their water from the eucalyptus leaves they eat. That's where they get their food too. Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. The eucalyptus trees are where the koalas live. It's also where they sleep. Koalas sleep about nineteen hours a day! Why do they sleep so much? Some people think it's because they're lazy. But koalas aren't lazy. They sleep so much because there isn't much nutrition in eucalyptus leaves. Koalas store h___5___ any fat, so they must save their energy. One way to do this is to move slowly and sleep a lot. After a day of sleeping they like to move around and eat just after s___6___. They live alone most of the time. Koalas are very protective of their trees. If a koala sees another koala eating in its favorite tree, it might tell the other koala to leave by “barking” at it. Koalas do "talk" to each other. Besides barks, the males make a deep grunting (呼噜的) sound. The mothers and babies talk in soft clicking sounds. If they get s___7___ they may scream like a baby. The koala is also an excellent swimmer. They are able to cross rivers to escape from heavy flooding. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: unique nothing carries almost hardly sunset scared 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 Former Presidents in the United States continue to receive special government services and money after their presidential term (总统任期) ends. Each former president receives r___1___ pay money to pay travelling expenses and money to pay the people who continue to work for them. They also get security p___2___ for the rest of their lives. Some former presidents seem to have d___3___ from public life. But others continue to make contributions to the society. Fonner President Jimmy Carter is well known for his earnest devotion since he left office. He helps build homes for poor Americans and helps settle international d___4___. And he has written several books. Many people have called Carter an example of a successful former president. Some experts note that public approval (公众的赞许) of Carter increased several years after his defeat in the presidential election of 1980. Just the opposite happened to former president Ronald Reagan. His p___5___ fell after he left office. Many people criticized him for a___6___ an offer from a wealthy Japanese publisher to visit Japan. There he was paid about two million dollars just to make a few appearances. In 1994, Reagan began to suffering from Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症) and died ten years later. Former President George Bush has made few public appearances since leaving office. Recently. However, he and former President Bill Clinton have traveled together to places in need of aid following natural disasters. Bill Clinton is one of the most a___7___ former presidents. He makes speeches around the world, he wrote a best-selling book about his life. And he has set up a foundation that offers various supports to people in need, including providing low cost medicines for people with AIDS around the world. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: retirement protection disappeared disagreement popularity accepting active 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Recently the unmanned aircraft which are called drones (无人机) have come into use for a number of business purposes. Basically, a drone is a flying robot. The aircraft may be remotely controlled or can fly a___1___ through flight programs in their systems. The little planes used to be very costly. In the past, they were mostly used in the military. But as they have d___2___ in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users. A company in France is using drones to help farmers examine their crops and limit the a___3___ of fertilizer they use. The Fast development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and cell phones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less-costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore a___4___ buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to m___5___ their crops. Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help fanners. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the g___6___. They called it "Agridrone (农业无人机).” It uses a special "optical sensor (光学感应器)" to examine crops. The technology used is similar to that used by smart phones except that it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops. Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different time of the season. He says it provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly w___7___ the fertilizer is needed. Romain Faroux says fanners use information g___8___ by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it was needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares (会顷) in about a minute. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: automatically dropped amount ancient monitor ground where gathered 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：新闻报道 The baby is taking photos with his parents. the Duke and Duchess (公爵公爵夫人) of Cambridge. The pictures were taken by the duchess' father. Michael Middleton, in the garden of their family home in Bucklebury, Berkshire. Taken earlier this month, they show the royal couple, Prince George and their black cocker spaniel (西班牙猎犬), Lupo. Tilly, a golden dog, belonging to the Middleton family, can be seen l___1___ down behind them. The photographs of Prince George, who was born on 22 July, were published by Kensington Palace. On Monday Prince William, giving his first i___2___ since becoming a father, told CNN: "He either r___3___ me of my brother or me when I was younger, I'm not sure, but he's doing very well at the moment." BBC reporter Nicholas Witchell said the new family looks "unselfconscious (自然的), relaxed and happy—much like most couples might look with their first-born baby". He added: "Of course they are aware of what is e___4___ of them. There will be staff— a nanny (保姆) to help in due course (适时地) , but for the moment it’s all rather informal and many might think, refreshing." Comment by Microsoft 帐户: expected sth. of sb. Famous photographer Tery O'Neill said he thought the pictures were "absolutely charming". "It reminded me when I first started p___5___ for myself—I just went for the light, and it was really interesting lighting. As a matter of fact when I heard about these pictures. I thought 'Who have they got to do these pictures’—and the thought c___6___ my mind they might have asked the Queen because she's quite a good photographer.” The cultural and education manager of Magnum Photos, Fiona Rogers. told Radio 4's Today program the photograph of the couple and Prince George with the family's dogs was "technically not the most accomplished (技艺高超的) photograph". "It's a photograph that any one of us could have in our family albums," she said. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: lying interview reminds expected photography crossed 5. _____________ 6. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls. However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, "There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at b___l___ which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are w___2___ at science and maths, or whether they've been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’ "territory". Comment by Microsoft 帐户: be good at be poor at Statistics show that in mathematics; at least, girls are e___3___ to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still a___4___ for women to say that they are 'hopeless' at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys', they have not been encouraged to do so. The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to c___5___ tasks independently, although boys are. For example, boys are often asked to 'help' with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves. A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more a___6___ to boys than to girls. Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them c___7___ and makes them believe that they can succeed. Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such 'male’ subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics course, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open c___8___ with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: birth worse equal acceptable complete attention confidence competition 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 6 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 The Internet is full of false information. It is important for us all to avoid being f___1___ by such information. Here are three examples of Internet hoaxes. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: Fool sb. into doing sth. On his website, a man by the name of Tony has asked for gifts of money to save the life of a pretty little rabbit named Toby that he r___2___ from under his house. A cat must have attacked the rabbit, the man claimed, so he took it in. He gave Toby loving care and nursed him back to health. There is a very c___3___ point, however. If the greedy man doesn't receive enough money, he will eat poor little Toby. (Don't worry, though. Remember, it's just a hoax!) Comment by Microsoft 帐户: Be cruel to sb./sth. Cruelty n. While the streets of New Orleans, the USA. were still flooded after a terrible h___4___, a Frightening e-mail was sent around the Internet. It included a photograph of a large crocodile over five meters long. According to the message, it had been swimming around the flooded city eating people. It was later d___5___ that the photographs of the crocodile were of one that was caught in the Congo (刚果) years before. The following e-Mail hoax t___6___ in many people. It claims that a large British company will pay you to send their e-mail to as many people as possible. For every person that you send the e-mail to, it p___7___ you will receive $5.00; for every person that you send it to that sends it to someone else, you'll get $3.00; and for every third person that receives it, you will be paid $1.00. To make it even more b___8___, the sender says that at first he thought it was a hoax, but the company soon sent him $800.00. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: fooled rescued cruel hurricane discovered takes promises believable 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Although the first airplane did not fly until 1903, flying soon became the fastest method of transport. Today it is people's Favorite way of traveling long distances because it has a lot of advantages. The first airplanes were not big or powerful enough to carry more than a p___l___, but during the First World War (1914-1918) larger aircraft with up to four engines were d___2___ to carry bombs. Aftter the war some of these were changed to carry a few passenger services. In 1919 the First regular passenger services were started between several cities in Europe. Air transport was even then too expensive for most cargoes (货物), but mail began to be carried by air at an early stage. This was partly because letters are small and l___3___, and partly because businessmen, especially, were p___4___ to pay more for their mail to be delivered by the fastest method. After all, in the United States, where letters could take over a week to c___5___ the country by train, airmail services were the first regular transport flights. The early passenger aircraft could carry only about 12 passengers, and only enough l___6___ for short journeys. For long distances, such as from Europe to the United states, filled with very light gas and able to float through the air, began to be used in the 1930s. By the end of the Second World War in 1945, much larger airplanes had been made. At the same time, military airfields had been built all over the world, and long-distance routes had been set up. After the war, the i___7___ of the jet engine, which produces much greater power, allowed even bigger and faster aircraft to be built. Today's wide-bodied airplanes can carry as many as 800 passengers. Modern air transport passenger services are quite convenient, Air transport has allowed more people to travel abroad than ever before. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: pilot developed light prepared cross fuel introduction 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Beatlemania is a very strong feeling for the group, the Beatles. The Beatles were four young musicians from Liverpool, England. Their names were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. These four men n___l___ took music lessons. They taught themselves to play music. In 1957, John c___2___ a group called the Quarrymen. At that time, he was only 16 years old. Then he met Paul. They began to write songs and sing together. Soon, George joined them. The group played in England, and then in Germany. In 1962, Ringo joined them. Then John, Paul. George and Ringo were the Beatles. The Beatles made their first hit song in 1962. The song was "Love Me Do." In 1963, their song "Please Please Me” was a bigger hit. In all, they had twenty-nine hit songs. By 1963, the Beatles were very p___3___ in England, and Beatlemania started. They had many fans. At concerts. their fans s___4___ very very loudly. The Beatles could not hear themselves sing. The next year, the Beatles went to the United States. The Americans loved them, too. People everywhere c___5___ their clothes and their hair. This rock-and-roll group was welcomed by people all over the world. The Beatles b___6___ up in 1970. They wanted to play new music. All of the Beatles did interesting, new things. John wrote music with his wife. Paul started a new group with his wife. George and Ringo made their own r___7___ and gave concerts. Sadly. John was shot dead in New York in 1980. He was forty years old. George became sick and died in 2001. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: break up 解散 We still hear Beatles songs on the radio today. Their music and songs will live in our hearts forever. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: never created popular screamed/shouted copied broke records 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文 Once there was a little girl named Mary Lennox and her two little friends. Dickon and Colin. Both of Mary's parents died when she was a little baby. She was sent to her uncle, Mr. Archilbald Craven, who had a son named Colin. Mary was once a s___l___ girl. She cared for nobody else except herself and she was always alone. She started to know the word "friend" after she met Dickon, the gardener’s son. The little boy was very kind to Mary. They went to the Secret Garden every day, p___2___ and playing. Mary never e___3___ that making the garden beautiful would bring such a wonderful feeling to her. She was so happy to be with Dickon that she almost forgot all the sad things around her. She came out of her small l___4___ world. After she met Colin, Mary finally found the very person to take care of Colin, the sick boy who couldn't even walk, had been in bed for taken care of by the servants, but no one really cared how he was. He couldn't find any reason to live. +So he cried and cried, thinking about death. But Mary came, Colin was completely a___5___ to Mary and to all those fresh thoughts and stories which came out of her mouth. Of Course, the most exciting of all was the Secret Garden. The feeling of having someone s___6___ your secret is wonderful, especially for the children. Colin used to be too weak to change his life, but now he had Mary. Dickon and the Secret Garden. All these gave him c___7___. Finally, with the help of his two little Friends, he managed to stand up for the first time. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: encourage v. encourage sb. to do encourage sb. from doing encouragement n. words of encouragement 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: selfish planting expected lonely attracted share courage 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just "borrow" their v___l___. AT&T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even b___2___ the voices of long-dead famous people back to life. The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person's voice to say things that the person never a___3___ said. P___4___ customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centers, companies that make software that reads digital files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the r___5___ to a famous person's voice? (Some experts even believe that new contracts (合同) will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.) And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud (假冒), would the synthesized (合成的) voices at last be able to t___6___ people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know? Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT&T lab's possible first customers, said he wondered what the new t___7___ might bring. "Just like you can't trust a photograph any more.“ he said, "Vou won't be able to trust a voice either”. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: voices bring actually Possible/Potential rights trick technology 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文 Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection (友情) and companionship. In the past, many people spent their entire lives in the communities in which they were born and r___l___. Many more people continued to live with their parents, brothers and sisters alter they were m___2___ and had children of their own. By remaining in familiar communities with relatives nearby, families had enough opportunities for friendly contact and for support in time of t___3___. Recent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modem societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives outside the immediate family. Parents and children often live a___4___ from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family m___5___ when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighborhood. Together. loneliness and mobility (迁移) force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship. Because the family is one of the few ongoing s___6___ of affection and companionship in modern societies, a high percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husband's or wife's e___7___ needs are not met within the family circle—even if all other family functions are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone (试金石) of the modern family. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: raised married trouble away/apart moves sources emotional 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 7 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文 Up until I went to school, I was a happy child. Then kids found out that learning was difficult For me and they would point out and call me names. I was p___l___ at math, English, and science. I remember sitting in class one day, divided up into groups, w___2___ a girl in my group stood up, pointing to me, and said, "I’m not going to work with that stupid boy!" It made me feel terrible. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: was/were doing sth. when … be about to do sth. when … 此处when为“突然” Through primary school and middle school, I could h___3___ read. A professional came to our home one day, after putting me through a number of tests, he told my mother that I would never be able to read. My mother was so a___4___ that she told him to leave the house. Years later, as a new high school student, I p___5___ up a science fiction book one day, and to my great joy, it was suddenly easy to read. The stories in the book stimulated my i___6___. Then the words weren’t words anymore but pictures in my head. I started to read other books and really got interested in reading. I started learning better and using larger words. It was about at this time that I began to excel at arts. I learned that I have an incredible eye for shapes and designs. I write about my experiences. I write poetry, too. Towards the end of high school, I won a lot of h___ 7___. Grades are important. But there is so much more to an education than good grades. So don’t let grades get in the way of your education. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: poor when hardly angry picked imagination honor(s) 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：记叙文 An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock Holmes I think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper s___1___ in her room at the top of the house until I needed her. I sat until after eleven in this room, deep in a book. Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went upstairs. I always did this m___2___ to be sure that everything is OK. I went into the kitchen. the storeroom, the living room, and f___3___ the dining room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains, I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face, and realized that it was open. I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered, elderly man who had just walked into the room. The window is a long French one, which really forms a door l___4___ to the lawn. By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first. I was so scared, trembling. I s___5___ back quickly, but the man was on me in a moment. He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat. I struggled to scream, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground. I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c___6___ standing at the head of the dining table. I was so firmly bound that I could not move, and a handkerchief round my mouth p___7___ me from making any sound. It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband came into the room. He had c___8___ heard some suspicious sounds, and he came prepared. When he rushed at one of the burglars, another man bent down and took the poker (拔火棍) out of the fireplace and struck him heavily as he passed. My husband fell without a groan (呻吟) and never moved again. (To be continued) 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: stayed myself finally leading stepped chair prevented clearly 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：应用文 A letter to Alcohol Dear Alcohol, You’ve been around forever. I can remember all the pain you've caused me. Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he h___1___ another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning, too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two b___2___ away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was in the middle of it at all. She never saw him again. And it's all because of you! Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were with my friends. They t___3___ you as if they were never going to see you again. I spent about two hours that night helping my friends. "I’m sorry,” they said when I called taxis for some of them and took another two to hospital. Two poor girls slept in hospital beds that night. Do you remember the night you almost t___4___ my father's life? I dol He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He is a___5___ to you. You have brought him much more trouble instead of taking his problems away. One night, he drank too much of you and that nearly killed him! You just sat back and laughed when his car went like a f___6___ through the street, crashing into two other cars. And he wasn’t the only one hurt by you that night. I wish you’d w______ out of my life forever. I don’t want to have anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you've made people happy o___8___ in a while. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop hurting the people I love and stop hurting me, please. Sincerely. Stella 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: hit blocks treated took addicted flash walk once 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Joan Chen (陈冲) is famous both in China, where she grew up, and in the United States, where she now lives. How did Joan become a famous actress in two countries? It is an interesting story. Joan Chen was born in Shanghai in 1961. When she was 14, some people from a film studio came to her school and c___1___ her to study at the studio. She was happy about this chance, but m___2___ she liked the idea of getting out of school. Soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting. At age 18, she won the Golden Rooster, China's top film prize. In the late 1970s, Joan's parent,. who were doctors, moved to the United States. Joan j___3___ them when she was 20 and went to college there. Her parents hoped she would study medicine. Instead, she m___4___ in film and later looked for work as an actress. To work in the United States, Joan had to s___5___ all over again. She told Hollywood that she was an actress in China, but she only got some small parts in TV shows. One day Joan went to speak to a director who was making a movie called Tai-pan. The interview didn't go well. As she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. The man was Dino DeLaumtiis, the film's producer. He immediately o___6___ her a leading part. A year later, she started in Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: couraged merely joined majored start offered 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as f___1___ texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the l___2___, one Would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more o___3___ sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously t___4___ by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition t___5___ the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively t___6___, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets. etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to a___7___with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: formal latter often terrified turns true argue 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑). Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others think there is no enough p___l___ that the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The argument advanced by those o___2___ to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. Comment by Microsoft 帐户: be opposed to =object to 反对 In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. T___3___ recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others. For example, it is one thing to take the life of a___4___ in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and cany out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher Thus, murder, like all other crimes. is a matter of different d___5___. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer. The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty p___6___ murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp c___7___ in the state's murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered — some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: proof opposed Throughout another degree prevents climb 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 8 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会现象与问题 语篇类型：议论文 Once upon a time if we wanted to make a phone call or wait for someone to contact us, we had to sit at home or at our desks. There were p___1___ phones in the street of course, but it could be hard to find one that was working and there were often long q___2___ to use them. And of course you had to bring a lot of coins to pay for the calls. So people didn't phone their friends as often. Mobile phones, these small pieces of e___3___ equipment which allow us to talk with friends and family while we are on the move, have greatly changed the way we live. Before the age of the mobile phone, our loved ones would sit around worried sick if we were late coming home. There were no quick calls to tell mum that there would be a___4___ guests coming for dinner. We would have to depend on notes left on fridges or desks to communicate messages. But mobile phones have also had a negative effect and what people don't seem to realize is that we've lost something very valuable: our p___5___. Now our friends and family can contact us wherever and whenever they want to. We can never get away from them. The way people communicate with each other is totally different now. It's difficult to have a conversation face-to-face with a friend without being d___6___ every couple of minutes by the ring of their phones. Most people don't see anything wrong in having a long conversation on their mobile phone while forgetting all about the person sitting opposite. It seems the a___7___ of real conversation may be dying. Of course, people could leave their mobile phones at home or even switch them off but no one ever does that. Why not? Because the worrying thing is we can't live without our phones. We've become communication addicts, unable to spend even a few minutes out of contact, in case we miss something 'important'. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: public queues electronic additional privacy disturbed art 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：环境保护 语篇类型：议论文 The International Climate Champions (ICC) project began in 2007. It gives young people of school age a chance to speak publicly on climate change and to call on people to take action to reduce its e___1___. Each country involved selects three teenagers to be Climate Champions, who take part in local and international activities. Climate Champion Irene Sanna lived on the Italian island of Sardinia. Irene is interested in solar energy, and a___2___ believes that Sardinia should use the waves around its coast to produce electricity. 'We must make our plans to save our coast, which still has no pollution. We must protect the animals, birds and fish in danger from g___3___ warming. And we must recycle!' Chinese student Ding Yinghan is the Beijing Climate Champion. Ding feels it is not f___4___ to say that just one country — his own — is causing climate change. He says the air pollution that leads to global warming comes from many parts of the world, including poorer countries that are now growing more quickly. He believes the only way to prevent the situation g___5___ even worse is for rich and poor countries to work together. Sophia Angelis, a junior student in California, is a US Champion. She's against young people's generation l___6___ of interest in politics and feels they need to discuss the problems that really matter to their generation. Sophia strongly believes that climate change is an important issue for her generation. For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of i___7___ choices made by parents. In 2008, the Climate Champion attended the International Conference of Environment Ministers in the Japanese city of Kobe. At p___8___, 30 countries are involved in the ICC, and more countries are expected to join soon. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: effects also global fair getting lack influenning present 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：情感与人际关系 语篇类型：记叙文 Someone sent me a group e-mail the other day. One of those that end with: send this to 10 friends … Here's the story from the e-mail: Recently I overheard a father and a daughter in their last moments together at the a___1___. They had announced the departure. Standing near the security gate, they hugged and the father said, 'I love you, and I wish you enough.' They kissed and the daughter left. The father walked over to the window where I was seated. I tried to leave him some privacy, but I could not keep m___2___ from asking: 'When you were saying good-bye, I heard you say, 'I wish you enough.' May I ask what that means?' He began to smile. 'That's a wish that is p___3___ on from generation to generation. My parents used to say it to everyone.' He paused a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it in d___4___, and he smiled even more. 'When we said, 'I wish you enough,' we were wanting the other person to have a life filled with just enough good things to carry them on.' T___5___, slowly turning toward me, he shared the following as if he were reciting it from memory. I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude b___6___ no matter how gray the day may appear. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun even more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive and everlasting. I wish you enough pain so that even the s___7___ of joys in life may appear bigger. I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. I wish you enough hellos to get you through the final good-bye. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: airport myself passed in detail = detailedly then bright smallest 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：环境保护 语篇类型：记叙文 Last year, I left my job and went to Borneo to work without pay in the rainforest. So many people have said to me, 'I would love to do something like that,' and I say, 'If you want to, just do it.' They always reply, 'I can't.' But, if you really want to do it, there are ways to make it h___1___. After three days' training, I started work on an environmental project with a group of young people. The accommodation was very b___2___ and we had to build our own place to sleep. This consisted of a simple bed, a cloth roof and a net to keep insects out. It was never dangerous there, but it was very c___3___. There were things that we didn't think we would manage to do, but we did. I had some of my w___4___ moments there, but I didn't miss my home comforts as much as I'd thought I might. We had food, water, s___5___ to stay, about three sets of clothes and really good conversation. We were in the most beautiful place and we had things to keep us b___6___. We didn't need any more. One of the teenagers said, 'before we came here, it was really important to me what clothes I wore and who my friends were. I was always thinking about shoes, but really none of that matters. Here, people a___7___ me for who I am, what I believe and think, not for what kind of clothes I've got.' When she said that, it summed it up for me. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: happen basic challenging worst somewhere busy accept 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然现象 语篇类型：说明文 Wind is the great maker of waves. There are exceptions, such as the tidal (潮汐的) waves sometimes produced by earthquakes under the sea. But the waves most of us know are produced by winds b___1___ over the sea. Now before constructing an imaginary life history of a typical wave, we need to know certain physical things about it. A wave has h___2___, from trough (low point) to crest (high point). It has l___3___—the distance from this crest to that of the following wave. The period of the wave means the time it takes for succeeding crests to pass a fixed point. None of these things s___4___ the same—for all depend upon the wind, upon the depth of the water and many other matters. The water that makes up a wave does not advance with it across the sea. Each drop of water turns around in a little circle with the passing of the wave, but returns very nearly to its o___5___ position. And it is fortunate that this is so. For if the huge masses of water that make up a wave actually moved across the sea, sailing would be i___6___. If we want to find the speed of a wave, we may use the following way: Speed = wavelength × frequency Here, wavelength is the distance between two high points (crests), frequency means the number of cycles per second 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: blowing height length stays original impossible 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会变革与发展 语篇类型：说明文 Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of s___1___ findings in the manufacture of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have t___2___ the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required b___3___ production down into smaller and smaller tasks. Comment by 晨 李: 取代 Comment by 晨 李: require doing sth. Once this was on, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain o___4___. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to c___5___ with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only l___6___. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by m___7___. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: scientific taken breaking order compare loser machines 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 9 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文化传承与节日庆祝 语篇类型：说明文 Hanukkah (光明节), the annual Festival of Lights, is celebrated with zeal (热情) by the Jewish people around the world. They celebrate the holiday with the lighting of the menorah (多连灯烛台), traditional foods, games and gifts. Hanukkah is a Jewish festival. It f________1________ on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kiskv (犹太教历), which is usually s________2________ in December. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago, when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them f________3________ their own traditions and religion. When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem (耶路撒冷), they found there was only e________4________ holy oil to keep the sacred light burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, u________5________ the people had time to make more oil. At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candlestick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue (犹太教堂) to p________6________ and to remember the miracle of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People e________7________ gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah food. Hanukkah is a relatively minor holiday in the Jewish year, however, the Hanukkah story tells of Jewish culture surviving in a non-Jewish world. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: Falls fall on 恰逢，适逢 Sometime Follow Enough Until Pray exchange 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会行为与成长 语篇类型：议论文 "Have you ever been in a fight?" I have frequently asked many adults this question. Often, I have been given the same answer: 'Of course, when I was in school.' This common answer seems to suggest that most boys will fight at some p________1________ during their school years. But as we leave school, we cease (停止) to use our fists to solve problems. It's possible that when we are young, we lack the negotiation (协商，谈判) skills to manage a s________2________ without using violence. On top of that (除此之外), when we enter school we are thrown into an environment where we are constantly competing and trying to p________3________ ourselves. We care what other people think about and a young man will often try to show a tough guy image. Once we leave school, we are supposed to be equipped with all n________4________ problem solving skills. We need to be able to deal with an aggressive (挑衅的) situation without hurting others. If an adult s________5________ a fight, it shows a major lack of education. However, there are times when a man needs to be a man. Raising a fist seems socially acceptable, if it's done to defend yourself or someone who can't defend themselves. For example, a school yard bully (校园倚强凌弱者) gets no respect from his schoolmates. They may fear him but don't ever mistake that for respect. The person who gains respect is one who stands a________6________ the bully to protect the weaker guys or girls. Mr. Smith, a former official from local Education Committee said in a talk that boys should know how to fight when necessary. "Boys who do not fight can h________7________ achieve any success in the future," he said. I think he may have chosen the wrong words. It's not about fighting -- it's about c________8________ to stand up for what you believe in: That will make you a true man. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: point at some point 在某个时刻 Situation Prove Necessary Starts Against Hardly courage 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：日常生活与经济 语篇类型：说明文 Popcorn was first discovered thousands of years ago by the people living in what is now Peru (秘鲁). It is believed that the first use of corn was popping. The English settlers who came to America in the 16th and 17th centuries, learned about popcorn from the Native Americans. Native Americans brought a bag of popped corn to the first Thanksgiving. A c________1________ way to eat popcorn at that time was to hold an o________2________ ear (穗) on a stick over the fire, then chew the popped corn off it. Natives throughout America also made popcorn soup and popcorn beer. Popcorn was very popular in the United States from the late 19th century through the middle of the 20th century. It was a________3________ in parks, from street vendors (摊贩), and near the theaters. Street sellers used to follow crowds around, pushing steam-powered popcorn machines (蒸汽爆米花机) through parks and expositions (博览会). During the Depression (美国大萧条时期), popcorn 5 to 10 cells a bag was one of the few luxuries poor families could a________4________. While other businesses faded, the popcorn business became more and more successful. An American banker, who went broke (破产) when his bank failed, bought a popcorn machine and started a business in a small store near a theater. After a couple of years, his popcorn business made enough money to buy back three of farm he had l________5________. During World War II, when sugar was rationed (限量供应), Americans changed their snacking habits—they ate three times as much popcorn as they had before. P________6________ the favorite place to eat popcorn was at the movies. When television took off (开始流行) in the 1950s, popcorn sales dropped for a while. Americans today eat about 15 billion kilograms of popcorn each year. But the United States isn't just a land of popcorn l________7________, it's also the land of popcorn. Most of the world now gets its popcorn from Nebraska (内布拉斯加州) and Indiana. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: common Oiled Available Afford Lost Perhaps lovers 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：地理与历史 语篇类型：说明文 The Panama Canal --Connecting Oceans A short canal saves ships thousands of miles The Panama Canal (巴拿马) is an artificial 51-mile waterway in Panama that c________1________ the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The idea for a Panama Canal dates back to the discovery of the Isthmus of Panama (巴拿马地峡) by Spanish explorer Vasco De Balboa in 1513. He discovered how narrow it was. Only 80.5 kilometers of land separated the Atlantic from the Pacific! The Spanish surveyed the area in h________2________ of building a canal. But the local government decided it was impossible. Fast-forward to 1869, Ferdinand De Lesseps had completed the 163-km-long Suez Canal (苏伊士运河), a waterway linking Europe and Asia. France asked him to repeat his success at Panama. He agreed to have a try. When digging started in 1881, Ferdinand De Lesseps thought building a canal across Panama would be easy. But he didn't realize that digging in a jungle would be so d________3________. Ferdinand De Lesseps and his team abandoned their project after thousands of workers died from diseases caused by mosquitoes. American President Theodore Roosevelt quickly took over where the French crew had left off. He bought the canal property (运河的所有权) and s________4________ a team of workers to finish the project. Led by John Stevens, the American team got rid of the mosquitoes. This effort helped the team of nearly 40,000 workers to stay healthy and productive. The team used powerful steam shovels (蒸汽挖掘机) to make a path for the canal. But even with the help of such large e________5________, the work progressed slowly. Finally, after nearly 10 years of non-stop digging, the canal s________6________ opened in 1914. The story didn't make the headlines, though. The public was focused on World War I. Therefore the canal wasn't dedicated (举行落成典礼) until July 12, 1920. Since the canal first opened, more than 960,000 ships have traveled through it. The Panama Canal has become an important l________7________ in global shipping. A journey that used to take months now takes two weeks. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: connects In hope of 为了 Dangerous Sent Equipment Successfully link 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：健康与生活 语篇类型：记叙文 You may have heard of people who are allergic (过敏) to seafood, smoke or pets. But did you know that some people were allergic to Wi-Fi signals? Rachel Hinks, a 44-year-old woman from Britain, first found herself being allergic to Wi-Fi signals in 2015. She s________1________ from sickness, heart palpitations (心悸) and great pains in her head after she was exposed to Wi-Fi signals sent from wireless routers (无线路由器) and phone mast (信号塔). Rachel has tried many ways to e________2________ Wi-Fi signals. In the past six months, she either slept in her car or in tent which she had put up in woodland or in the fields. She has even tried sleeping in a shed. Being completely tired, Rachel had no choice but to q________3________ her job and moved 370 kilometers away from her home to escape at least fifteen phone masts near her house. She is now living in a small house in rural Wales. There are far f________4________ masts. However, the house, which belongs to one of her friends, is up for sale, so she has to move again soon. Rachel is planning to move to a more rural area. She is also planning to buy a camper van (野营车) so that she can d________5________ away from Wi-Fi signals whenever she is feeling uncomfortable. As she has no job and therefore no i________6________, she has to raise money online. She is hoping to raise 15,000 pounds. So far, she has raised over 1,600 pounds. She still has a long way to go. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Comment by Microsoft 帐户: suffered Escape Quit Fewer Drive income 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：个人成长与情感体验 语篇类型：记叙文 This is a story about a mountaineer named Philip. Philip was a member of a mountaineering team that planned to climb a mountain. He had a keen desire to be successful and well-known. Therefore, in order to enjoy the h________1________ of being the first to reach the mountaintop, Philip went to climb the mountain alone one night while the other mountaineers were sleeping. Obviously, climbing at night wasn't a smart d________2________. But he still wanted to give it a try. After several hours' climbing, he n________3________ got to the top. How delighted he was to see the top a few meters forward! But he suddenly slipped and started to fall. At that moment, his entire life flashed before him. While thinking about how close he was to death and how f________4________ he was, he felt the rope around his waist. His body was hanging in mid-air. He shouted, "Somebody help me!" Suddenly, a low voice came from the valley, "Cut the rope!" "What?" He couldn't believe what he heard. "Cut the rope around your waist!" It was dark all around, so he couldn't see his surroundings. He r________5________ to cut the rope but to hold onto it as tightly as he could. The next morning, when his fellow mountaineers found him, he had died of exposure to the low temperature. But he was only ten feet a________6________ a big rock! If he had cut the rope, he might have l________7________ in a safe place, build a fire and wait for$中考英语专项训练 首字母 首字母练习 1 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 “How can I learn English well?" This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most e___l___ way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can r___2___ the text and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner i___3___. Your English will be quite perfect. This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you will find it not h___4___ so hard as you might have thought. Learning this way, you will make r___5___ progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English. Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at j___6___ and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother t___7___. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how i___1___ our eyes are. People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very c___2___ to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see d___3___ things clearly. People who are farsighted face just the o___4___ problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book u___5___ they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too. Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts(白内障). Long ago these people often became b___6___. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them. When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its d___7___. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye is not as s___8___ as the sides of the eye after dark. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文 Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other p___l___ things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop d___2___ and flood. Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees, so he has cut them down in large n___3___, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too c___4___ to plant and look after new trees. So the Forests slowly disappear. This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil, make the rain in, and also bind the soil. thus stopping it from being w___5___ away easily; but where there are no trees. the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless d___6___ 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：专题报道 Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops c___1___ people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork a___2___ they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have a___3___ to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates: and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers w___4___ going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees. Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more s___5___ to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other r ___6___. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also t___7___ laptop programs at other universities, too. At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything." 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 Let children learn to j___l___ their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the d___2___ between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary c___3___ to make his language like other people's. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being t___4___ to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a c___5___ to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never n___6___ a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers w___7___ time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 2 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the d___1___ of a sewing machine(缝纫机)but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle. Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a p___2___ sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and o___3___ his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears (矛) raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, r___4___ that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run t___5___ a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practiced sewing machine. Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great p___6___ Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre. To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still a___7___ part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It s___8___ all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves". 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Animated movies are ones that use drawings instead of real people Artists must draw thousands of pictures, and each picture must be a l___1___ different. For example, if the movie maker wants to show a girl running, the artist must draw her feet in different places in each picture. When the pictures are shown very q___2___ one after another, it looks like the girl is running. Walt Disney was not the first or only one person to use animation in movies, but he is the most famous. His first Mickey Mouse cartoon in 1928,was called Plane Crazy. This was a short, silent movie about the adventures of a little mouse. Today, 70 years later, Mickey Mouse is still a favorite character, and there are hundreds of cartoons and storybooks about him in many 1___3___. Many people in the movie business thought that animation was only useful for short cartoons. They did not think people would want to see long movies made from moving drawings. Disney did not agree with them. He believed he could tell any kind of story using animation. His first l___4___ movie was Snow White and Seven Dwarfs. Disney spent all his money making this movie. Fortunately, it was a great suecess. He next made Dumbo, about a baby elephant, and this was f___5___ by many more movies. Many of these are still popular today. When we think of Disney, however, we don't think only of movies, we also think of Disneyland. There are Disneylands in Japan, the USA, France, Hong Kong and Shanghai. They are large parks where people can meet c___6___ from Disney’s movies and visit scenes from his movies. A___7___ Walt Disney made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them. Today, we can buy them on video, and from time to time we can see them in theatres. When Walt Disney began making his animated cartoons all those years ago, people drew all the pictures by h___8___. Nowadays, much of this work is done by computers. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 Traffic rules around the world Traffic rules are made to keep order on the road. Some traffic rules in some countries are quite u___1___. Travelers should be aware of these rules if they are planning to e___2___ these countries by car. Some interesting traffic rules are related to a___3___. One strange traffic law in Massachusetts, U.S.A (美国马萨诸塞州) says that gorillas are followed to travel in a car. However, they can only ride in the passenger seat. Drivers will f___4___ a fine if they allow a gorilla to ride in the backseat. Many people like to take dogs in their cars. In Italy, drivers who take their dogs on a road trip are required to fasten their dog's seat belt. In Germany, dogs and other pets are considered cargo (货物). A___5___ there is no safety belt rule, pets must be protected against slipping and falling in the vehicle. Speeding is usually judged by a speed camera. However, in speed zones of 30km/h or less, traffic police in Austria can use their own j___6___ to estimate the speed of a car. Depending on the policeman's guess, sometimes drivers may receive a speeding ticket even though they traveling u___7___ the speed limit. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp r___l___ its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its o___2___ value. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847, an order for stamps was sent to a London printer. Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to i___3___ stamps. Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the i___4___. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office” instead of Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he p___5___. Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left, fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue’s r___6___ and age, collectors have paid as much as $16,800 for it. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文 Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this f___1___ to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in c___2___ touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience. E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the o___3___. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool. The Internet also makes it easy to share t___4___ with a group of friends. Say you do something fun-see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may be t___5___ of telling the story. With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your c___6___ and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply when they are convenient, and you can read what they have to say when you are convenient. E-mail is also an i___7___ way to stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college. We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don't take the place of any of the old ways. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 3 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：应用文 The dictionary defines a scrapbook as "an empty book for collecting and preserving photographs, newspaper articles, and other papers. "Today', scrapbooking is also a verb—and a popular new h___1___. We talked with Diane Lucas of Scrapsforever.com. Q: What is scrapbooking? When I make a scrapbook page, I take a few of my family photos and put them into a "layout"—a page that uses fancy paper, stickers, drawings, and words to show the theme. For example, this page about my son is called "First Day at School". Here's a photo of him and one of his drawings, and I d___2___ it with ribbons, stickers and so on. When you make a scrapbook, you put words and pictures together to show the important times in your life. It's like a personal h___3___. Q: How did you get started? I made my first scrapbook ten years ago, when my father died. When I looked through his desk. I found the most wonderful things—like the cards my parents sent each other, and photos from his Army days. Those were such precious m___4___. I couldn’t t___5___ away anything, so I made two scrapbooks, for my brother and me. Q: Do you know other people who made scrapbooks? Oh, yes! We call ourselves "scrappers," and we love to get together. We often have "crops," big parties where we all make our scrapbooks. We bring our scissors and papers and our b___6___ of photos, and we talk while working on new pages. It is time for e___7___. When friends show pictures and tell stories about our families, and our lives. At the same time, we create a book to keep those memories. Q: Why is scrapbooking so popular these days? I think people want to keep their family stories, and d___8___ them to other people. When you make a scrapbook, you can pass the stories to your children, and your grandchildren. So many people today want to do that! If you go online, you will find scrapbooking websites from Norway, New Zealand and South Africa. We all have boxes of pictures, and we all want to keep those precious memories. That’s the real value of scrapbooking: sharing your family and your story. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文 We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every single d___1___ of all the events in her daily life. Rebecca Sharrock,25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been identified as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (超级自传体记忆症). It means she can remember every small event—which most people would forger w___2___ days— as if it had happened just moments ago. "I remember my mum placing me in the driver, s seat of: a car and taking a picture of me when I was twelve years old,” she said. "That's my e___3___ memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates e___4___ because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that day, what the weather was like and so on.” Rebecca can also re-experience taste. If she's eating something unpleasant, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so p___5___ that she can nearly “taste” it. However, there are times when her memories prove to be painful as it's not just events that she re-members. "When I relive (再体验) memories, the feelings r___6___, too.” Rebecca said. "For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents’ house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.” "At night, I have to sleep with the r___7___ and a soft light on," she added. "If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all those memories and I can't sleep." 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文 It was 3:21 a.m., when ten-year-old Glenn Creamer was woken Lip by the s___l___ of burning. Except for the cracking of flames somewhere below, there was not a sound in the two-floor house. But he realized at once what was happening. As his father was away on night d___2___ at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his 14-year-old sister Karen and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped them through the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick b___3___ and coughing, couldn’t move any more. The ten-year-old r___4___ back into the house and upstairs into his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy kept calm. As a fireman said later, "He acted with all the self-control of a r___5___ adult." On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father. After Glenn made sure his father would telephone the firemen and ambulance service, he got on with the task of saving his mother. First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. In this way, she would be kept away from the fire before the firemen arrived. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden. He could hear the fire e___6___ coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where fire had almost covered the ground floor? . Fetching a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and rushed upstairs to his mother's room. He tied one e___7___ of the string to her hand. Then he began to run back. He laid out the string as he went through the hall and back out into the garden. Minutes later he was telling fire Chief John Coughlan, "The string will l___8___ you to mother” Mrs. Creamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文 Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful conditions. Social support makes up of the e ___1___ of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear b___2___ able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those w___3___ such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people d___4___ themselves against illness, and the a___5___ of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways. First. Friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they v___6___ us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel a___7___ by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solution to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities; with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our w___8___ and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Many people are interested in family history, an area of study called genealogy (家谱学). Most genealogy experts have heard about the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Library c___1___ to have the largest collection of genealogical records in the world. Shirley Griffith has more about this unusual research center. The Family History Library has many records to help people s___2___ for information about their family histories. It has b___3___, marriage and death records from religious groups and governments. The collection includes official population, court and property records. It also includes burial records, ship passenger lists and published family histories. The Family History Library has information from almost every area of the world. Most records are from 1550 through 1920. These records include the names of more than two thousand million people who have died. The library has few records of l___4___ persons. The Family History Libra0, is operated by the Church of .Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The church has been g___5___ family history records around the world for more than one hundred years. The group urges (催促) its members to Study the lives of early family members as a religions requirement. The Family History Library is open to the public every day except Sunday and some holidays. Visitors are invited to use its books and other materials. Library officials say it is one of the most popular places for visitors in Utah. About two thousand four hundred people use the library each day. Individuals, families and p___6___ groups have given some of their records to the library. The library brought other records from governments. All the information is gathered with the a___7___ of governments or officials who supervise the records. The library copies many records to a kind of film that can be read with special equipment. It is known as microfilm. The collection is always e___8___. Today, Church representatives are making copies of important records around the world. Many people find it difficult to travel to Utah to use the Family History Library. So, the Church has set up more than three thousand Family History Centers in seventy-five countries around the world. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight (v.夜间兼职), or hold more than one job. Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center, the 40-year-old psychiatrist (精神病大夫) h___l___ to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month, he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center. Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set to increase this year. Many workers like the s___2___ that moonlighting provides, says Carl Hausamn, the writer of "Moonlighting: 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side." The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household e___3___ or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things. People also take second jobs with an e___4___ to the future—wanting to try out a new field or gain experience. Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable. He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing. Just as the purposes for moonlighting v___5___, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries—no longer just service, office and sale jobs. "Technology just affects your ability to make money,” Hausman says. "That makes a frequent change in moonlighting." As its name means, moonlighting still o___6___ mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time. Full-time employers could misunderstand, too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance. "The primary employer is saying, “Wait. I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,"' says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. "If your re burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show." Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra i___7___, moonlighters enjoy variety, freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time. Besides, "it's fun." Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job. "It’s a way of pulling from the spice cabinet" he says, "and offering a little variety throughout the day.” 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 4 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文 Have you ever been in a meeting and suddenly found that your mind was a million miles away while someone was making a speech? You probably felt s___l___ and made up your mind to pay attention and never daydream again. Most of us, from the earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time. "On the contrary," says an expert in psychology, "daydreaming is quite n___2___. Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking it has to do in daily life. You can't possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. In fact, your unconscioucsmind is working out problems all the time. The unconscious and conscious states of mind have a s___3___ dialogue in the way of daydreaming." Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreaming, and even c___4___ it harmful. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, "Now we know that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we o___5___ our lives, learn from our experiences and plan for future." Daydreams really show the things we f___6___ and the things we desire in life. Daydreams are usually very simple and direct while sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It's easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by s___7___ your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help one r___8___ the difficult situation in life and find out a possible way for dealing with them. So next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don’t stop. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文 This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m___1___ to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught. One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r___2___ this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be calm. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find s___3___ from the freezing wind and snow. Nicholas built a snow c___4___. He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b___5___ to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far. o___6___ he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. Nicholas had often watched Bear Grills' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the t___7___ that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a___8___ that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与 主题群： 语篇类型：文 One day Doctor Ken received a call and was told that a boy called Franco needed an i___1___ operation. He entered the hospital hurriedly. He changed his clothes and went directly to the operating room. Francois father was walking up and down in the hall, waiting for the doctor. On seeing Doctor Ken, the father shouted, "Why did you take so long to come? Don’t you know my son is life is in danger? Don't you have any sense of r___2___?" Doctor Ken smiled and said. "I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I came as fast as I could and now. I wish you'd sit down and be patient so that I can do my work.” "Be patient?! What if your son was in this room right now? If your own son dies while waiting for the doctor, then what will you do?” said Franco's father angrily. Doctor Ken smiled again and replied, "We will do our best and you should also p___3___ for your son's healthy life.” The operation lasted several hours. Then Doctor Ken went out of the operating room happily. "Thank goodness! Your son is saved!" And without waiting for the father’s r___4___ he ran out of the hospital, saying, "If 'you have any question, ask the nurse.” "Why?" c___5___ Franco's father, "He couldn’t even wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state.” The nurse answered, t___6___ coming down her face. "Doctor Ken's son died in a road accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s operation. And now that he saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son's burial.’’ Hearing this, Franco's father felt so sorry. And at the same time he was really a___7___. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 If you are going to apply for a job, be prepared for the kinds of interviews you can expect. One type of interviews is the telephone interview. Here are some tips for telephone interviews: p___l___. the question. Before the interview, guess and write down the questions you might be asked. Practice the answers orally until you are satisfied with yourself. The questions can be about your working experiences, skills and a___2___. Keep your notes h___3___. Have any key information next to the phone, including your notes about the company and the questions you have prepared for. Then you can easily get the information you need. In this way, you will s___4___ more prepared. Avoid salary topics. When you are asked how much money you would expect, it’s not wise if you give no response. But it’s not right to give an exact number at once. Try to be open to d___5___, so you'd better say something like. "If this is the right job for me. I believe we can come to an agreement on salary.” Push for a face-to-face meeting. At the end of the interview, don't forget to s___6___ yourself. You can say something like, "I am very interested in your company. If possible I’d be really happy to see some of your managers. I am free either Tuesday afternoon or Wednesday morning. Which would be better for you?” Try to rearrange surprise interviews. If you receive an interview call without any e___7___, you can politely ask them to arrange another time for the interview, so you can be better prepared. Try something like, "I am sorry but I can't do it right now. Can I call you back tomorrow after work, at 6pm.?” After the telephone interview, only a few are left for face-to-face interview, so get prepared and good luck! 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Inventions named after people Many new things are invented each year. Interestingly, some inventions are named after the people who invented them, making the inventions and inventors easier to be r___1___. The bowler hat (圆顶高帽) is named after London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler. The brothers received an o___2___ from Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester. They were asked to design a hat for Coke’s gamekeepers to p___3___ their heads from branches while on horseback. Later, the stylish hat became popular in Europe and the United States. Another invention that is named after its inventor is Braille, a writing system used by b___4___ people. French educator Louis Braille developed a new system of reading and writing after learning the cyptography (密码) of French Captain Charles Barbier during the war. The captain had come up with a c___5___ of dots on paper that allowed soldiers to communicate in the dark. The diesel engine is also named after its inventor—German engineer Rudolf Diesel. After a few dangerous tests, he invented a new and more e___6___ engine in 1892 and the engine was later called the diesel engine. The engines were widely used in buses, trucks, trains and s___7___, and Rudolf Diesel became a millionaire. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文 Student participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors b___l___ part of the final grade on the students oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and i___2___ lectures. In graduate discussions the professor had a "manager” role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these discussions. A professor's teaching method is another factor that d___3___ the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class, without controlling it. Many professors encourage Students to q___4___ their ideas. Students who object to the professor's point of- view should be prepared to p___5___ their positions. In the teaching of science and mathematics, the controlling mode of instruction is generally t___6___, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years. Students in education, society, and history classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in g___7___, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are p___8___ rather than theoretical, they pay more attention to "doing” for themselves. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 5 (1) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文 The koala is u___1___ to Australia and is an important symbol of the country. The koala is find in open eucalypt (桉树) forests in south-east Queensland. Even if it is called koala bear, this animal has n___2___ to do with the actual bear. Koalas have thick fur and large ears. Their broad and flat nose makes them look cute, similar to teddy bears. In fact koalas aren't cute. They have sharp teeth and very sharp claws! Koalas are marsupials (袋类). This means the mother c___3___ her baby in a pocket while it develops similar to a kangaroo. The baby koala lives in its mother's pocket for the first six months of-its life. The name "koala" comes from a native Australian word that means "no drink". The koala gets a___4___ all their water from the eucalyptus leaves they eat. That's where they get their food too. Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. The eucalyptus trees are where the koalas live. It's also where they sleep. Koalas sleep about nineteen hours a day! Why do they sleep so much? Some people think it's because they're lazy. But koalas aren't lazy. They sleep so much because there isn't much nutrition in eucalyptus leaves. Koalas store h___5___ any fat, so they must save their energy. One way to do this is to move slowly and sleep a lot. After a day of sleeping they like to move around and eat just after s___6___. They live alone most of the time. Koalas are very protective of their trees. If a koala sees another koala eating in its favorite tree, it might tell the other koala to leave by “barking” at it. Koalas do "talk" to each other. Besides barks, the males make a deep grunting (呼噜的) sound. The mothers and babies talk in soft clicking sounds. If they get s___7___ they may scream like a baby. The koala is also an excellent swimmer. They are able to cross rivers to escape from heavy flooding. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 Former Presidents in the United States continue to receive special government services and money after their presidential term (总统任期) ends. Each former president receives r___1___ pay money to pay travelling expenses and money to pay the people who continue to work for them. They also get security p___2___ for the rest of their lives. Some former presidents seem to have d___3___ from public life. But others continue to make contributions to the society. Fonner President Jimmy Carter is well known for his earnest devotion since he left office. He helps build homes for poor Americans and helps settle international d___4___. And he has written several books. Many people have called Carter an example of a successful former president. Some experts note that public approval (公众的赞许) of Carter increased several years after his defeat in the presidential election of 1980. Just the opposite happened to former president Ronald Reagan. His p___5___ fell after he left office. Many people criticized him for a___6___ an offer from a wealthy Japanese publisher to visit Japan. There he was paid about two million dollars just to make a few appearances. In 1994, Reagan began to suffering from Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症) and died ten years later. Former President George Bush has made few public appearances since leaving office. Recently. However, he and former President Bill Clinton have traveled together to places in need of aid following natural disasters. Bill Clinton is one of the most a___7___ former presidents. He makes speeches around the world, he wrote a best-selling book about his life. And he has set up a foundation that offers various supports to people in need, including providing low cost medicines for people with AIDS around the world. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Recently the unmanned aircraft which are called drones (无人机) have come into use for a number of business purposes. Basically, a drone is a flying robot. The aircraft may be remotely controlled or can fly a___1___ through flight programs in their systems. The little planes used to be very costly. In the past, they were mostly used in the military. But as they have d___2___ in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users. A company in France is using drones to help farmers examine their crops and limit the a___3___ of fertilizer they use. The Fast development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and cell phones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less-costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore a___4___ buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to m___5___ their crops. Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help fanners. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the g___6___. They called it "Agridrone (农业无人机).” It uses a special "optical sensor (光学感应器)" to examine crops. The technology used is similar to that used by smart phones except that it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops. Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different time of the season. He says it provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly w___7___ the fertilizer is needed. Romain Faroux says fanners use information g___8___ by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it was needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares (会顷) in about a minute. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：新闻报道 The baby is taking photos with his parents. the Duke and Duchess (公爵公爵夫人) of Cambridge. The pictures were taken by the duchess' father. Michael Middleton, in the garden of their family home in Bucklebury, Berkshire. Taken earlier this month, they show the royal couple, Prince George and their black cocker spaniel (西班牙猎犬), Lupo. Tilly, a golden dog, belonging to the Middleton family, can be seen l___1___ down behind them. The photographs of Prince George, who was born on 22 July, were published by Kensington Palace. On Monday Prince William, giving his first i___2___ since becoming a father, told CNN: "He either r___3___ me of my brother or me when I was younger, I'm not sure, but he's doing very well at the moment." BBC reporter Nicholas Witchell said the new family looks "unselfconscious (自然的), relaxed and happy—much like most couples might look with their first-born baby". He added: "Of course they are aware of what is e___4___ of them. There will be staff— a nanny (保姆) to help in due course (适时地) , but for the moment it’s all rather informal and many might think, refreshing." Famous photographer Tery O'Neill said he thought the pictures were "absolutely charming". "It reminded me when I first started p___5___ for myself—I just went for the light, and it was really interesting lighting. As a matter of fact when I heard about these pictures. I thought 'Who have they got to do these pictures’—and the thought c___6___ my mind they might have asked the Queen because she's quite a good photographer.” The cultural and education manager of Magnum Photos, Fiona Rogers. told Radio 4's Today program the photograph of the couple and Prince George with the family's dogs was "technically not the most accomplished (技艺高超的) photograph". "It's a photograph that any one of us could have in our family albums," she said. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls. However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, "There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at b___l___ which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are w___2___ at science and maths, or whether they've been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’ "territory". Statistics show that in mathematics; at least, girls are e___3___ to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still a___4___ for women to say that they are 'hopeless' at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys', they have not been encouraged to do so. The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to c___5___ tasks independently, although boys are. For example, boys are often asked to 'help' with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves. A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more a___6___ to boys than to girls. Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them c___7___ and makes them believe that they can succeed. Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such 'male’ subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics course, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open c___8___ with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 6 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 The Internet is full of false information. It is important for us all to avoid being f___1___ by such information. Here are three examples of Internet hoaxes. On his website, a man by the name of Tony has asked for gifts of money to save the life of a pretty little rabbit named Toby that he r___2___ from under his house. A cat must have attacked the rabbit, the man claimed, so he took it in. He gave Toby loving care and nursed him back to health. There is a very c___3___ point, however. If the greedy man doesn't receive enough money, he will eat poor little Toby. (Don't worry, though. Remember, it's just a hoax!) While the streets of New Orleans, the USA. were still flooded after a terrible h___4___, a Frightening e-mail was sent around the Internet. It included a photograph of a large crocodile over five meters long. According to the message, it had been swimming around the flooded city eating people. It was later d___5___ that the photographs of the crocodile were of one that was caught in the Congo (刚果) years before. The following e-Mail hoax t___6___ in many people. It claims that a large British company will pay you to send their e-mail to as many people as possible. For every person that you send the e-mail to, it p___7___ you will receive $5.00; for every person that you send it to that sends it to someone else, you'll get $3.00; and for every third person that receives it, you will be paid $1.00. To make it even more b___8___, the sender says that at first he thought it was a hoax, but the company soon sent him $800.00. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 Although the first airplane did not fly until 1903, flying soon became the fastest method of transport. Today it is people's Favorite way of traveling long distances because it has a lot of advantages. The first airplanes were not big or powerful enough to carry more than a p___l___, but during the First World War (1914-1918) larger aircraft with up to four engines were d___2___ to carry bombs. Aftter the war some of these were changed to carry a few passenger services. In 1919 the First regular passenger services were started between several cities in Europe. Air transport was even then too expensive for most cargoes (货物), but mail began to be carried by air at an early stage. This was partly because letters are small and l___3___, and partly because businessmen, especially, were p___4___ to pay more for their mail to be delivered by the fastest method. After all, in the United States, where letters could take over a week to c___5___ the country by train, airmail services were the first regular transport flights. The early passenger aircraft could carry only about 12 passengers, and only enough l___6___ for short journeys. For long distances, such as from Europe to the United states, filled with very light gas and able to float through the air, began to be used in the 1930s. By the end of the Second World War in 1945, much larger airplanes had been made. At the same time, military airfields had been built all over the world, and long-distance routes had been set up. After the war, the i___7___ of the jet engine, which produces much greater power, allowed even bigger and faster aircraft to be built. Today's wide-bodied airplanes can carry as many as 800 passengers. Modern air transport passenger services are quite convenient, Air transport has allowed more people to travel abroad than ever before. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Beatlemania is a very strong feeling for the group, the Beatles. The Beatles were four young musicians from Liverpool, England. Their names were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. These four men n___l___ took music lessons. They taught themselves to play music. In 1957, John c___2___ a group called the Quarrymen. At that time, he was only 16 years old. Then he met Paul. They began to write songs and sing together. Soon, George joined them. The group played in England, and then in Germany. In 1962, Ringo joined them. Then John, Paul. George and Ringo were the Beatles. The Beatles made their first hit song in 1962. The song was "Love Me Do." In 1963, their song "Please Please Me” was a bigger hit. In all, they had twenty-nine hit songs. By 1963, the Beatles were very p___3___ in England, and Beatlemania started. They had many fans. At concerts. their fans s___4___ very very loudly. The Beatles could not hear themselves sing. The next year, the Beatles went to the United States. The Americans loved them, too. People everywhere c___5___ their clothes and their hair. This rock-and-roll group was welcomed by people all over the world. The Beatles b___6___ up in 1970. They wanted to play new music. All of the Beatles did interesting, new things. John wrote music with his wife. Paul started a new group with his wife. George and Ringo made their own r___7___ and gave concerts. Sadly. John was shot dead in New York in 1980. He was forty years old. George became sick and died in 2001. We still hear Beatles songs on the radio today. Their music and songs will live in our hearts forever. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文 Once there was a little girl named Mary Lennox and her two little friends. Dickon and Colin. Both of Mary's parents died when she was a little baby. She was sent to her uncle, Mr. Archilbald Craven, who had a son named Colin. Mary was once a s___l___ girl. She cared for nobody else except herself and she was always alone. She started to know the word "friend" after she met Dickon, the gardener’s son. The little boy was very kind to Mary. They went to the Secret Garden every day, p___2___ and playing. Mary never e___3___ that making the garden beautiful would bring such a wonderful feeling to her. She was so happy to be with Dickon that she almost forgot all the sad things around her. She came out of her small l___4___ world. After she met Colin, Mary finally found the very person to take care of Colin, the sick boy who couldn't even walk, had been in bed for taken care of by the servants, but no one really cared how he was. He couldn't find any reason to live. +So he cried and cried, thinking about death. But Mary came, Colin was completely a___5___ to Mary and to all those fresh thoughts and stories which came out of her mouth. Of Course, the most exciting of all was the Secret Garden. The feeling of having someone s___6___ your secret is wonderful, especially for the children. Colin used to be too weak to change his life, but now he had Mary. Dickon and the Secret Garden. All these gave him c___7___. Finally, with the help of his two little Friends, he managed to stand up for the first time. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文 The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just "borrow" their v___l___. AT&T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even b___2___ the voices of long-dead famous people back to life. The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person's voice to say things that the person never a___3___ said. P___4___ customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centers, companies that make software that reads digital files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the r___5___ to a famous person's voice? (Some experts even believe that new contracts (合同) will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.) And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud (假冒), would the synthesized (合成的) voices at last be able to t___6___ people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know? Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT&T lab's possible first customers, said he wondered what the new t___7___ might bring. "Just like you can't trust a photograph any more.“ he said, "Vou won't be able to trust a voice either”. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文 Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection (友情) and companionship. In the past, many people spent their entire lives in the communities in which they were born and r___l___. Many more people continued to live with their parents, brothers and sisters alter they were m___2___ and had children of their own. By remaining in familiar communities with relatives nearby, families had enough opportunities for friendly contact and for support in time of t___3___. Recent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modem societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives outside the immediate family. Parents and children often live a___4___ from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family m___5___ when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighborhood. Together. loneliness and mobility (迁移) force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship. Because the family is one of the few ongoing s___6___ of affection and companionship in modern societies, a high percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husband's or wife's e___7___ needs are not met within the family circle—even if all other family functions are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone (试金石) of the modern family. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 7 (1) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文 Up until I went to school, I was a happy child. Then kids found out that learning was difficult For me and they would point out and call me names. I was p___l___ at math, English, and science. I remember sitting in class one day, divided up into groups, w___2___ a girl in my group stood up, pointing to me, and said, "I’m not going to work with that stupid boy!" It made me feel terrible. Through primary school and middle school, I could h___3___ read. A professional came to our home one day, after putting me through a number of tests, he told my mother that I would never be able to read. My mother was so a___4___ that she told him to leave the house. Years later, as a new high school student, I p___5___ up a science fiction book one day, and to my great joy, it was suddenly easy to read. The stories in the book stimulated my i___6___. Then the words weren’t words anymore but pictures in my head. I started to read other books and really got interested in reading. I started learning better and using larger words. It was about at this time that I began to excel at arts. I learned that I have an incredible eye for shapes and designs. I write about my experiences. I write poetry, too. Towards the end of high school, I won a lot of h___ 7___. Grades are important. But there is so much more to an education than good grades. So don’t let grades get in the way of your education. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：记叙文 An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock Holmes I think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper s___1___ in her room at the top of the house until I needed her. I sat until after eleven in this room, deep in a book. Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went upstairs. I always did this m___2___ to be sure that everything is OK. I went into the kitchen. the storeroom, the living room, and f___3___ the dining room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains, I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face, and realized that it was open. I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered, elderly man who had just walked into the room. The window is a long French one, which really forms a door l___4___ to the lawn. By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first. I was so scared, trembling. I s___5___ back quickly, but the man was on me in a moment. He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat. I struggled to scream, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground. I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c___6___ standing at the head of the dining table. I was so firmly bound that I could not move, and a handkerchief round my mouth p___7___ me from making any sound. It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband came into the room. He had c___8___ heard some suspicious sounds, and he came prepared. When he rushed at one of the burglars, another man bent down and took the poker (拔火棍) out of the fireplace and struck him heavily as he passed. My husband fell without a groan (呻吟) and never moved again. (To be continued) 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：应用文 A letter to Alcohol Dear Alcohol, You’ve been around forever. I can remember all the pain you've caused me. Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he h___1___ another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning, too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two b___2___ away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was in the middle of it at all. She never saw him again. And it's all because of you! Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were with my friends. They t___3___ you as if they were never going to see you again. I spent about two hours that night helping my friends. "I’m sorry,” they said when I called taxis for some of them and took another two to hospital. Two poor girls slept in hospital beds that night. Do you remember the night you almost t___4___ my father's life? I dol He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He is a___5___ to you. You have brought him much more trouble instead of taking his problems away. One night, he drank too much of you and that nearly killed him! You just sat back and laughed when his car went like a f___6___ through the street, crashing into two other cars. And he wasn’t the only one hurt by you that night. I wish you’d w______ out of my life forever. I don’t want to have anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you've made people happy o___8___ in a while. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop hurting the people I love and stop hurting me, please. Sincerely. Stella 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文 Joan Chen (陈冲) is famous both in China, where she grew up, and in the United States, where she now lives. How did Joan become a famous actress in two countries? It is an interesting story. Joan Chen was born in Shanghai in 1961. When she was 14, some people from a film studio came to her school and c___1___ her to study at the studio. She was happy about this chance, but m___2___ she liked the idea of getting out of school. Soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting. At age 18, she won the Golden Rooster, China's top film prize. In the late 1970s, Joan's parent,. who were doctors, moved to the United States. Joan j___3___ them when she was 20 and went to college there. Her parents hoped she would study medicine. Instead, she m___4___ in film and later looked for work as an actress. To work in the United States, Joan had to s___5___ all over again. She told Hollywood that she was an actress in China, but she only got some small parts in TV shows. One day Joan went to speak to a director who was making a movie called Tai-pan. The interview didn't go well. As she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. The man was Dino DeLaumtiis, the film's producer. He immediately o___6___ her a leading part. A year later, she started in Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as f___1___ texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the l___2___, one Would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more o___3___ sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously t___4___ by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition t___5___ the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively t___6___, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets. etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to a___7___with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文 With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑). Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others think there is no enough p___l___ that the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The argument advanced by those o___2___ to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. T___3___ recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others. For example, it is one thing to take the life of a___4___ in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and cany out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher Thus, murder, like all other crimes. is a matter of different d___5___. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer. The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty p___6___ murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp c___7___ in the state's murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered — some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 8 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会现象与问题 语篇类型：议论文 Once upon a time if we wanted to make a phone call or wait for someone to contact us, we had to sit at home or at our desks. There were p___1___ phones in the street of course, but it could be hard to find one that was working and there were often long q___2___ to use them. And of course you had to bring a lot of coins to pay for the calls. So people didn't phone their friends as often. Mobile phones, these small pieces of e___3___ equipment which allow us to talk with friends and family while we are on the move, have greatly changed the way we live. Before the age of the mobile phone, our loved ones would sit around worried sick if we were late coming home. There were no quick calls to tell mum that there would be a___4___ guests coming for dinner. We would have to depend on notes left on fridges or desks to communicate messages. But mobile phones have also had a negative effect and what people don't seem to realize is that we've lost something very valuable: our p___5___. Now our friends and family can contact us wherever and whenever they want to. We can never get away from them. The way people communicate with each other is totally different now. It's difficult to have a conversation face-to-face with a friend without being d___6___ every couple of minutes by the ring of their phones. Most people don't see anything wrong in having a long conversation on their mobile phone while forgetting all about the person sitting opposite. It seems the a___7___ of real conversation may be dying. Of course, people could leave their mobile phones at home or even switch them off but no one ever does that. Why not? Because the worrying thing is we can't live without our phones. We've become communication addicts, unable to spend even a few minutes out of contact, in case we miss something 'important'. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：环境保护 语篇类型：议论文 The International Climate Champions (ICC) project began in 2007. It gives young people of school age a chance to speak publicly on climate change and to call on people to take action to reduce its e___1___. Each country involved selects three teenagers to be Climate Champions, who take part in local and international activities. Climate Champion Irene Sanna lived on the Italian island of Sardinia. Irene is interested in solar energy, and a___2___ believes that Sardinia should use the waves around its coast to produce electricity. 'We must make our plans to save our coast, which still has no pollution. We must protect the animals, birds and fish in danger from g___3___ warming. And we must recycle!' Chinese student Ding Yinghan is the Beijing Climate Champion. Ding feels it is not f___4___ to say that just one country — his own — is causing climate change. He says the air pollution that leads to global warming comes from many parts of the world, including poorer countries that are now growing more quickly. He believes the only way to prevent the situation g___5___ even worse is for rich and poor countries to work together. Sophia Angelis, a junior student in California, is a US Champion. She's against young people's generation l___6___ of interest in politics and feels they need to discuss the problems that really matter to their generation. Sophia strongly believes that climate change is an important issue for her generation. For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of i___7___ choices made by parents. In 2008, the Climate Champion attended the International Conference of Environment Ministers in the Japanese city of Kobe. At p___8___, 30 countries are involved in the ICC, and more countries are expected to join soon. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：情感与人际关系 语篇类型：记叙文 Someone sent me a group e-mail the other day. One of those that end with: send this to 10 friends … Here's the story from the e-mail: Recently I overheard a father and a daughter in their last moments together at the a___1___. They had announced the departure. Standing near the security gate, they hugged and the father said, 'I love you, and I wish you enough.' They kissed and the daughter left. The father walked over to the window where I was seated. I tried to leave him some privacy, but I could not keep m___2___ from asking: 'When you were saying good-bye, I heard you say, 'I wish you enough.' May I ask what that means?' He began to smile. 'That's a wish that is p___3___ on from generation to generation. My parents used to say it to everyone.' He paused a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it in d___4___, and he smiled even more. 'When we said, 'I wish you enough,' we were wanting the other person to have a life filled with just enough good things to carry them on.' T___5___, slowly turning toward me, he shared the following as if he were reciting it from memory. I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude b___6___ no matter how gray the day may appear. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun even more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive and everlasting. I wish you enough pain so that even the s___7___ of joys in life may appear bigger. I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. I wish you enough hellos to get you through the final good-bye. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：环境保护 语篇类型：记叙文 Last year, I left my job and went to Borneo to work without pay in the rainforest. So many people have said to me, 'I would love to do something like that,' and I say, 'If you want to, just do it.' They always reply, 'I can't.' But, if you really want to do it, there are ways to make it h___1___. After three days' training, I started work on an environmental project with a group of young people. The accommodation was very b___2___ and we had to build our own place to sleep. This consisted of a simple bed, a cloth roof and a net to keep insects out. It was never dangerous there, but it was very c___3___. There were things that we didn't think we would manage to do, but we did. I had some of my w___4___ moments there, but I didn't miss my home comforts as much as I'd thought I might. We had food, water, s___5___ to stay, about three sets of clothes and really good conversation. We were in the most beautiful place and we had things to keep us b___6___. We didn't need any more. One of the teenagers said, 'before we came here, it was really important to me what clothes I wore and who my friends were. I was always thinking about shoes, but really none of that matters. Here, people a___7___ me for who I am, what I believe and think, not for what kind of clothes I've got.' When she said that, it summed it up for me. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然现象 语篇类型：说明文 Wind is the great maker of waves. There are exceptions, such as the tidal (潮汐的) waves sometimes produced by earthquakes under the sea. But the waves most of us know are produced by winds b___1___ over the sea. Now before constructing an imaginary life history of a typical wave, we need to know certain physical things about it. A wave has h___2___, from trough (low point) to crest (high point). It has l___3___—the distance from this crest to that of the following wave. The period of the wave means the time it takes for succeeding crests to pass a fixed point. None of these things s___4___ the same—for all depend upon the wind, upon the depth of the water and many other matters. The water that makes up a wave does not advance with it across the sea. Each drop of water turns around in a little circle with the passing of the wave, but returns very nearly to its o___5___ position. And it is fortunate that this is so. For if the huge masses of water that make up a wave actually moved across the sea, sailing would be i___6___. If we want to find the speed of a wave, we may use the following way: Speed = wavelength × frequency Here, wavelength is the distance between two high points (crests), frequency means the number of cycles per second 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会变革与发展 语篇类型：说明文 Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of s___1___ findings in the manufacture of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have t___2___ the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required b___3___ production down into smaller and smaller tasks. Once this was on, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain o___4___. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to c___5___ with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only l___6___. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by m___7___. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 9 (1) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文化传承与节日庆祝 语篇类型：说明文 Hanukkah (光明节), the annual Festival of Lights, is celebrated with zeal (热情) by the Jewish people around the world. They celebrate the holiday with the lighting of the menorah (多连灯烛台), traditional foods, games and gifts. Hanukkah is a Jewish festival. It f________1________ on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kiskv (犹太教历), which is usually s________2________ in December. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago, when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them f________3________ their own traditions and religion. When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem (耶路撒冷), they found there was only e________4________ holy oil to keep the sacred light burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, u________5________ the people had time to make more oil. At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candlestick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue (犹太教堂) to p________6________ and to remember the miracle of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People e________7________ gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah food. Hanukkah is a relatively minor holiday in the Jewish year, however, the Hanukkah story tells of Jewish culture surviving in a non-Jewish world. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会行为与成长 语篇类型：议论文 "Have you ever been in a fight?" I have frequently asked many adults this question. Often, I have been given the same answer: 'Of course, when I was in school.' This common answer seems to suggest that most boys will fight at some p________1________ during their school years. But as we leave school, we cease (停止) to use our fists to solve problems. It's possible that when we are young, we lack the negotiation (协商，谈判) skills to manage a s________2________ without using violence. On top of that (除此之外), when we enter school we are thrown into an environment where we are constantly competing and trying to p________3________ ourselves. We care what other people think about and a young man will often try to show a tough guy image. Once we leave school, we are supposed to be equipped with all n________4________ problem solving skills. We need to be able to deal with an aggressive (挑衅的) situation without hurting others. If an adult s________5________ a fight, it shows a major lack of education. However, there are times when a man needs to be a man. Raising a fist seems socially acceptable, if it's done to defend yourself or someone who can't defend themselves. For example, a school yard bully (校园倚强凌弱者) gets no respect from his schoolmates. They may fear him but don't ever mistake that for respect. The person who gains respect is one who stands a________6________ the bully to protect the weaker guys or girls. Mr. Smith, a former official from local Education Committee said in a talk that boys should know how to fight when necessary. "Boys who do not fight can h________7________ achieve any success in the future," he said. I think he may have chosen the wrong words. It's not about fighting -- it's about c________8________ to stand up for what you believe in: That will make you a true man. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：日常生活与经济 语篇类型：说明文 Popcorn was first discovered thousands of years ago by the people living in what is now Peru (秘鲁). It is believed that the first use of corn was popping. The English settlers who came to America in the 16th and 17th centuries, learned about popcorn from the Native Americans. Native Americans brought a bag of popped corn to the first Thanksgiving. A c________1________ way to eat popcorn at that time was to hold an o________2________ ear (穗) on a stick over the fire, then chew the popped corn off it. Natives throughout America also made popcorn soup and popcorn beer. Popcorn was very popular in the United States from the late 19th century through the middle of the 20th century. It was a________3________ in parks, from street vendors (摊贩), and near the theaters. Street sellers used to follow crowds around, pushing steam-powered popcorn machines (蒸汽爆米花机) through parks and expositions (博览会). During the Depression (美国大萧条时期), popcorn 5 to 10 cells a bag was one of the few luxuries poor families could a________4________. While other businesses faded, the popcorn business became more and more successful. An American banker, who went broke (破产) when his bank failed, bought a popcorn machine and started a business in a small store near a theater. After a couple of years, his popcorn business made enough money to buy back three of farm he had l________5________. During World War II, when sugar was rationed (限量供应), Americans changed their snacking habits—they ate three times as much popcorn as they had before. P________6________ the favorite place to eat popcorn was at the movies. When television took off (开始流行) in the 1950s, popcorn sales dropped for a while. Americans today eat about 15 billion kilograms of popcorn each year. But the United States isn't just a land of popcorn l________7________, it's also the land of popcorn. Most of the world now gets its popcorn from Nebraska (内布拉斯加州) and Indiana. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (4) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：地理与历史 语篇类型：说明文 The Panama Canal --Connecting Oceans A short canal saves ships thousands of miles The Panama Canal (巴拿马) is an artificial 51-mile waterway in Panama that c________1________ the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The idea for a Panama Canal dates back to the discovery of the Isthmus of Panama (巴拿马地峡) by Spanish explorer Vasco De Balboa in 1513. He discovered how narrow it was. Only 80.5 kilometers of land separated the Atlantic from the Pacific! The Spanish surveyed the area in h________2________ of building a canal. But the local government decided it was impossible. Fast-forward to 1869, Ferdinand De Lesseps had completed the 163-km-long Suez Canal (苏伊士运河), a waterway linking Europe and Asia. France asked him to repeat his success at Panama. He agreed to have a try. When digging started in 1881, Ferdinand De Lesseps thought building a canal across Panama would be easy. But he didn't realize that digging in a jungle would be so d________3________. Ferdinand De Lesseps and his team abandoned their project after thousands of workers died from diseases caused by mosquitoes. American President Theodore Roosevelt quickly took over where the French crew had left off. He bought the canal property (运河的所有权) and s________4________ a team of workers to finish the project. Led by John Stevens, the American team got rid of the mosquitoes. This effort helped the team of nearly 40,000 workers to stay healthy and productive. The team used powerful steam shovels (蒸汽挖掘机) to make a path for the canal. But even with the help of such large e________5________, the work progressed slowly. Finally, after nearly 10 years of non-stop digging, the canal s________6________ opened in 1914. The story didn't make the headlines, though. The public was focused on World War I. Therefore the canal wasn't dedicated (举行落成典礼) until July 12, 1920. Since the canal first opened, more than 960,000 ships have traveled through it. The Panama Canal has become an important l________7________ in global shipping. A journey that used to take months now takes two weeks. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (5) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：健康与生活 语篇类型：记叙文 You may have heard of people who are allergic (过敏) to seafood, smoke or pets. But did you know that some people were allergic to Wi-Fi signals? Rachel Hinks, a 44-year-old woman from Britain, first found herself being allergic to Wi-Fi signals in 2015. She s________1________ from sickness, heart palpitations (心悸) and great pains in her head after she was exposed to Wi-Fi signals sent from wireless routers (无线路由器) and phone mast (信号塔). Rachel has tried many ways to e________2________ Wi-Fi signals. In the past six months, she either slept in her car or in tent which she had put up in woodland or in the fields. She has even tried sleeping in a shed. Being completely tired, Rachel had no choice but to q________3________ her job and moved 370 kilometers away from her home to escape at least fifteen phone masts near her house. She is now living in a small house in rural Wales. There are far f________4________ masts. However, the house, which belongs to one of her friends, is up for sale, so she has to move again soon. Rachel is planning to move to a more rural area. She is also planning to buy a camper van (野营车) so that she can d________5________ away from Wi-Fi signals whenever she is feeling uncomfortable. As she has no job and therefore no i________6________, she has to raise money online. She is hoping to raise 15,000 pounds. So far, she has raised over 1,600 pounds. She still has a long way to go. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (6) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：个人成长与情感体验 语篇类型：记叙文 This is a story about a mountaineer named Philip. Philip was a member of a mountaineering team that planned to climb a mountain. He had a keen desire to be successful and well-known. Therefore, in order to enjoy the h________1________ of being the first to reach the mountaintop, Philip went to climb the mountain alone one night while the other mountaineers were sleeping. Obviously, climbing at night wasn't a smart d________2________. But he still wanted to give it a try. After several hours' climbing, he n________3________ got to the top. How delighted he was to see the top a few meters forward! But he suddenly slipped and started to fall. At that moment, his entire life flashed before him. While thinking about how close he was to death and how f________4________ he was, he felt the rope around his waist. His body was hanging in mid-air. He shouted, "Somebody help me!" Suddenly, a low voice came from the valley, "Cut the rope!" "What?" He couldn't believe what he heard. "Cut the rope around your waist!" It was dark all around, so he couldn't see his surroundings. He r________5________ to cut the rope but to hold onto it as tightly as he could. The next morning, when his fellow mountaineers found him, he had died of exposure to the low temperature. But he was only ten feet a________6________ a big rock! If he had cut the rope, he might have l________7________ in a safe place, build a fire and wait for someone who passes by. Then he might have been saved. So sometimes giving up is the way forward. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 首字母练习 10 (1) 主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然现象与探索 语篇类型：说明文 If you are planning a trip to France in the future, you should be careful with the roads you take because some of them are very strange. Today we’re going to talk about the Passage du Gois (格伊斯通道). The Passage du Gois in France is natural. People didn’t notice the passage because it periodically (周期性的) flooded. It was f____1____ discovered by some local people in 1701. It connects the mainland France and a small island called Noirmoutier (努瓦尔穆捷岛). Now many people visit the passage every day. Some of them risk driving on it and others are just interested in watching it d____2____ under the water and come up again. People can drive on the passage half an hour before and after low tide (潮汐). The passage can also be reached only d____3____ low tide which lasts about one hour. Driving on the passage can be dangerous. Some drivers are caught in the tide because they drive at the w____4____ time. Besides, as the passage is covered with water for most of the day, it is slippery all the time. To ensure the s____5____ of drivers and tourists, signs are put on both ends of the passage to tell people whether the passage is passable (可通过的) or not. There are also p____6____ which are set at intervals (每隔一段距离) along the passage for people to climb up when they get into trouble in the water. People are warned to drive slowly and make no stops on the passage. Also, they are not allowed to p____7____ their cars on the passage. So are you also interested in the passage? Come to France and have a challenge! 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (2) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：个人健康与生活 语篇类型：说明文 It is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul. However, to have healthy eyes, you have to look after them properly. Your eyes need everyday a____1____. First, you have to pay more attention to your d____2____. Have more fresh fruits, vegetables, fish, eggs and milk. It’s good for your eyes. Besides, a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2 should also be taken. Second, you must have a r____3____ and sound sleep. It relaxes the eye muscles and gives them the rest required. Sleep can help the body to r____4____ its tired tissues (组织). Usually, you must sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day. Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under the eyes. Next, it’s necessary for you to e____5____ your eyes every day. Blink your eyes at regular periods to make the eyeballs watery, and give them a good wash. Last, you should use your eyes correctly. For example, if a small thing goes into your eye, don’t start rubbing it. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Don’t read or write in poor or bright sunlight because sunlight can cause eye tiredness. Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining d____6____ into your eyes. Too much reading, writing, watching television or w____7____ on the computer can also cause eye tiredness, so a good rest is required. Take care of God’s most beautiful gift! 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ (3) 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活态度与情感 语篇类型：记叙文 I teach economics in a university three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good. He had his wisdom teeth r____1____. Then he went on to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful. His question reminded me of something I’d read s____2____ before: Every morning when you get up, you have a choice about how you want to live that day. I said, “I choose to be c____3____.” “Let me give you an example,” I continued. “B____4____ teaching here, I also teach at a college in Henderson, 17 miles down the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago, I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car died. I tried to start it again, but the e____5____ wouldn’t work. So I put my flashes on, took my books, and walked down the road to the college. As soon as I got there, I called AAA (汽车协会) and asked for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class. The secretary there asked me what had happened. “This is my lucky day,” I replied, smiling. “Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day? What do you mean?” “My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway. It didn’t,” I replied. “Instead, it broke down at the perfect place: off the freeway, within w____6____ distance of here. I’m still able to teach my class; and I’ve been able to ask for the tow truck to meet me after class! If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn’t have been arranged in a more c____7____ way.” I ended my story. In spite of the early hour, no $