内容正文:
Be+形容词+介词
A
1. be afraid of害怕……;畏惧……(强调对人、事物或行为的恐惧,可表具体或抽象恐惧)
She has been afraid of heights since she fell from a ladder as a kid.(她小时候从梯子上摔下来后,就一直恐高。)
2. be angry with / about / at对…… 愤怒;因…… 生气(强调因他人行为或某事件产生不满情绪)
对人:He was angry with his friend for breaking the promise.(他因朋友违背承诺而生气。)
对事:Parents are often angry about their children spending too much time on phones.(父母常因孩子玩手机时间太长而生气。)
3. be ashamed of为…… 感到羞愧;因…… 难为情(强调因自身或关联者的行为、特质产生羞耻感)
He was ashamed of his rude behavior at the party and apologized to everyone the next day.(他为自己在派对上的粗鲁行为感到羞愧,第二天向所有人道歉了。)
He was aware of his rudeness and ashamed of it.(他意识到自己的粗鲁,并为此羞愧。)
4. be anxious about / for
about:为…… 担忧;焦虑……(强调对不确定的事或潜在问题的担忧);
for:渴望……;急于……(强调对某物或某结果的迫切期待)。
担忧:She is anxious about the job interview—she hasn’t prepared enough.(她为求职面试担忧,准备得还不够充分。)
渴望:The team is anxious for victory after losing the last three games.(输掉最近三场比赛后,这支队伍渴望获胜。)
5. be accustomed to习惯于……;适应于……(强调长期形成的习惯或对环境的适应,与 “be used to” 含义相近)
After working abroad for years, he is accustomed to different cultural customs.(在国外工作多年后,他已习惯了不同的文化习俗。)
6. be addicted to沉迷于……;对…… 上瘾(强调对某物或行为产生依赖性,含负面色彩)
Teenagers should avoid being addicted to social media, as it may affect their study and sleep.(青少年应避免沉迷社交媒体,以免影响学习和睡眠。)
7. be aware of意识到……;知道……(强调对某事实、情况或细节的认知,比 “be conscious of” 更侧重 “主动知晓”)
Most people are aware of the importance of exercise, but few can keep doing it regularly.(大多数人都知道运动的重要性,但很少有人能坚持规律运动。)
8. be applicable to适用于……;可应用于……(强调某规则、方法或理论对特定对象有效)
The new policy is applicable to small businesses, helping them reduce tax burdens.(新政策适用于小企业,帮助它们减轻税负。)
9. be associated with与…… 相关联;与…… 有联系(强调某事物与另一事物在逻辑、因果或印象上的关联)
Smoking is closely associated with lung cancer and other respiratory diseases.(吸烟与肺癌及其他呼吸系统疾病密切相关。)
10. be absent from缺席……;不在……(强调未出现在应到场的场合或未存在于应出现的位置)
She was absent from the class yesterday because she had a bad cold.(她昨天因重感冒缺课了。)
B
1. be bored with对…… 感到厌倦;厌烦……(强调因事物重复、单调而失去兴趣,产生乏味感)
She is bored with her daily routine—she wants to try something new like traveling or learning a hobby.(她对日常作息感到厌倦,想尝试旅行或学爱好这类新鲜事。)
2. be busy with / in忙于……(强调因事务繁多而处于忙碌状态,无空闲时间)
接事物(with):My mom is always busy with housework from morning to night.(我妈妈从早到晚总忙着做家务。)
接活动(in):The team is busy in organizing the upcoming conference—they have no time for breaks.(团队忙着筹备即将到来的会议,没时间休息。)
3. be bitter about对…… 感到不满;为…… 而愤愤不平(强调因遭遇不公、失望或损失而产生的负面情绪,含 “怨恨” 意味)
He is still bitter about not getting the promotion he deserved—he worked hard for the company for 5 years.(他仍为没得到应得的晋升而不满,他已为公司努力工作了 5 年。)
4. be bad for对…… 有害;不利于……(强调某事物对人或事物的健康、发展产生负面影响)
Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth—it may cause cavities.(吃太多糖对牙齿有害,可能导致蛀牙。)
5. be beneficial to / for对…… 有益;有利于……(强调某事物对人或事物的发展、改善产生正面作用,比 “be good for” 更正式)
Regular exercise is beneficial to both physical and mental health.(规律运动对身心健康都有益。)
6. be blind to对…… 视而不见;无视……(强调因主观忽视或认知局限,看不到某事实、问题或他人的优点)
Some people are blind to the environmental damage caused by overconsumption—they keep buying unnecessary things.(有些人无视过度消费带来的环境破坏,仍在买不必要的东西。)
7. be based on基于……;以…… 为基础(强调某事物的形成、制定或发展以另一事物为依据或支撑)
The movie is based on a novel written by a famous author—many readers want to watch it.(这部电影基于一位著名作家的小说改编,很多读者都想看。)
8. be bound to注定……;一定会……(强调某事物因逻辑、规律或必然性,必然会发生或呈现某种状态)
If you keep practicing every day, you are bound to improve your English skills.(如果你每天坚持练习,英语水平一定会提高。)
9. be bound up with与…… 紧密相关;与…… 密不可分(强调某事物与另一事物在利益、命运或逻辑上深度绑定)
The development of local education is bound up with the improvement of people’s living standards.(地方教育的发展与人民生活水平的提高密不可分。)
10. be burdened with负担……;背负……(强调因责任、压力、债务等,处于沉重的负担状态)
Many young people in big cities are burdened with high housing prices—they struggle to buy their own homes.(大城市的很多年轻人背负着高房价压力,很难买得起房。)
C
1. be concerned about / with
about:关心……;担忧……(强调对人或事物的在意、忧虑,侧重 “情感关注”);
with:涉及……;与…… 有关(强调 “关联或涉及某领域 / 事务”,侧重 “客观关联”),两者含义差异显著。
情感关心:Parents are always concerned about their children’s growth and health.(父母总是关心孩子的成长和健康。)
客观涉及:This report is concerned with the impact of AI on the job market.(这份报告涉及人工智能对就业市场的影响。)
2. be content with对…… 感到满足;满足于……(强调对当前状态、事物或结果的接纳,无进一步追求的欲望)
She is content with her current job—she doesn’t care about a higher salary or promotion.(她对现在的工作很满足,不在乎更高的薪水或晋升。)
3. be crazy about痴迷于……;热衷于……(强调对人或事物的极度喜爱、狂热追求,含强烈情感色彩)
He is crazy about vintage cars—he spends most of his free time collecting and repairing them.(他痴迷于复古汽车,大部分空闲时间都用来收集和修理它们。)
4. be covered with / in被…… 覆盖(强调主语表面被某事物完全遮盖,with 和 in 可通用,with 更侧重 “具体覆盖物”,in 更侧重 “覆盖状态”)
The mountain tops are covered with snow all year round—they look like white hats from a distance.(山顶常年被积雪覆盖,远远看去像白色的帽子。)
5. be crowded with挤满……;充满……(强调空间内被人或事物填满,无多余空隙,与 “be packed with” 含义相近)
The shopping mall is crowded with people during weekends—you have to push through the crowd to walk.(周末商场里挤满了人,走路都要挤着过。)
6. be curious about对…… 好奇;想知道……(强调因未知或兴趣,渴望了解某事物,含探索欲)
Children are naturally curious about everything around them—they often ask “why” to learn more.(孩子天生对周围的一切好奇,经常问 “为什么” 来了解更多。)
7. be connected with / to
with:与…… 相关联;与…… 有联系(强调 “逻辑、因果或抽象关联”,如 “吸烟与疾病关联”);
to:与…… 连接;与…… 相连(强调 “物理、具体的连接”,如 “电线与插座连接”),两者分工明确。
抽象关联:His success is connected with hard work and good opportunities.(他的成功与努力和良好的机遇有关。)
具体连接:Make sure the printer is connected to the computer before you start printing.(开始打印前,确保打印机已连接电脑。)
8. be compared with / to
with:与…… 比较(强调 “同类事物间的对比,找出差异或相似”,日常通用);
to:把…… 比作……(强调 “将 A 类比为 B,突出相似性”,多用于比喻),两者含义不同。
同类对比:This year’s sales volume is compared with last year’s to see the growth rate.(今年的销售额与去年对比,以查看增长率。)
比喻类比:His courage is often compared to a lion—he never backs down from difficulties.(他的勇气常被比作狮子,面对困难从不退缩。)
9. be consistent with与…… 一致;符合……(强调某事物与另一事物在内容、逻辑或标准上无矛盾,保持统一)
His actions are always consistent with his promises—you can trust him to keep his word.(他的行动总是与承诺一致,你可以相信他会信守诺言。)
10. be certain of / about确定……;确信……(强调对某事实、结果或判断有明确的认知,无怀疑)
I am certain of his honesty—he would never lie to me.(我确信他的诚实,他绝不会对我说谎。)
11. be confused about对…… 感到困惑;不清楚……(强调因信息模糊、逻辑复杂或选项多样,无法明确判断)
Many students are confused about grammar rules—they need more practice to understand them.(很多学生对语法规则感到困惑,需要更多练习来理解。)
12. be critical of对…… 批评;对…… 挑剔(强调因不符合标准、存在问题,对人或事物提出负面评价)
The media is often critical of government policies that ignore public interests.(媒体常批评忽视公众利益的政府政策。)
D
1. be delighted with对…… 感到高兴;因…… 而喜悦(强调因某事物、结果或他人表现符合预期,产生强烈的正面情绪)
She was delighted with the birthday cake her friends made for her—it was exactly what she wanted.(她对朋友们为她做的生日蛋糕很开心,那正是她想要的。)
2. be disappointed with / at对…… 感到失望(强调因事物未达预期、他人行为或结果不理想,产生负面情绪)
对对象(with):He was disappointed with the hotel—the room was dirty and the service was bad.(他对这家酒店很失望,房间脏且服务差。)
对事件(at):We were all disappointed at the cancellation of the concert—we had been looking forward to it.(音乐会取消了,我们都很失望,我们一直很期待。)
3. be disgusted with / by对…… 感到厌恶;反感……(强调因事物的肮脏、他人的行为或某现象违背道德,产生强烈的排斥情绪)
She is disgusted with the amount of waste in the office—no one recycles or saves paper.(她对办公室的浪费现象很厌恶,没人回收或节约纸张。)
4. be different from与…… 不同;有别于……(强调两者在特征、性质、外观或内容上存在差异,最通用的 “差异” 表达)
Life in the city is different from life in the countryside—there are more jobs but also more stress.(城市生活与乡村生活不同,工作更多但压力也更大。)
5. be deprived of被剥夺……;被剥夺(应有的权利、资源等)(强调因外部因素,无法获得本应拥有的事物,含被动和不公意味)
Many children in poor areas are deprived of access to good schools and medical care.(贫困地区的许多儿童被剥夺了获得优质教育和医疗的机会。)
6. be dressed in穿着……(强调主语的衣着状态,后接衣物、颜色或材质)
She was dressed in a blue coat and black boots when she arrived at the party.(她到达派对时穿着蓝色外套和黑色靴子。)
7. be due to由于……;归因于……(强调某结果由某原因导致,原因多为名词或名词短语,可作表语或状语)
The success of the project is due to the team’s hard work and good communication.(项目的成功归功于团队的努力和良好沟通。)
The train is due to arrive at 3 PM—we need to hurry to the station.(火车预计下午 3 点到达,我们得赶紧去车站。)
8. be doubtful of / about对…… 怀疑;不确定……(强调因证据不足、逻辑模糊,对某事实、说法或结果持不确定态度)
Experts are doubtful about the effectiveness of this new drug—more tests are needed.(专家对这种新药的效果持怀疑态度,需要更多测试。)
9. be determined to决心做……;下定决心……(强调因坚定的意志,明确要完成某动作或实现某目标)
She is determined to learn English well—she practices speaking every day.(她决心学好英语,每天都练习口语。)
10. be devoted to致力于……;专注于……;热爱……(强调对人、事业或目标的全身心投入,含 “忠诚、热爱” 意味)
The scientist is devoted to research on renewable energy—he spends most of his time in the lab.(这位科学家致力于可再生能源研究,大部分时间都在实验室里。)
E
1. be excited about对…… 感到兴奋;因…… 而激动(强调因期待、惊喜或积极事件,产生强烈的愉悦情绪)
The children are excited about the upcoming Christmas—they’ve been making a wish list for weeks.(孩子们对即将到来的圣诞节很兴奋,他们已经列了好几周的愿望清单了。)
2. be eager for / to
for:渴望……;渴求……(强调对某事物的主动期待,后接名词);
to:渴望做……(强调对某动作的主动意愿,后接动词原形,to 为不定式符号)。
渴望事物(for):Young people are eager for opportunities to show their talents in the workplace.(年轻人渴望在工作中获得展现才华的机会。)
渴望动作(to):She is eager to visit her grandparents—she hasn’t seen them for over a year.(她渴望去看望祖父母,已经一年多没见了。)
3. be embarrassed about为…… 感到尴尬;因…… 难为情(强调因自身行为、外貌或关联事件,产生不自在、羞愧的情绪)
He was embarrassed about forgetting his friend’s birthday—he had to apologize and send a last-minute gift.(他因忘记朋友的生日而尴尬,不得不道歉并补送了一份礼物。)
4. be essential for / to对…… 至关重要;必不可少(强调某事物对另一事物的存在、发展或成功是必需的,无替代可能)
Clean water and air are essential for human survival—we must protect the environment.(清洁的水和空气对人类生存至关重要,我们必须保护环境。)
5. be enough for对…… 足够;足以满足……(强调数量、程度或能力达到满足某需求的标准,无需额外补充)
This amount of money is enough for our weekend trip—we don’t need to take more.(这笔钱足够我们周末旅行用了,不用再带更多了。)
6. be equal to
(数量 / 价值)等于……;与…… 相等(强调数值、水平或地位上的对等);
(能力)能胜任……;足以应对……(强调能力达到完成某任务的要求)。
数量对等:One hour is equal to 60 minutes.(一小时等于 60 分钟。)
能力胜任:She is equal to the challenge—she has years of experience in this field.(她能胜任这个挑战,在该领域有多年经验。)
7. be expert at / in擅长……;在…… 方面是专家(强调在某领域、技能或活动上具备专业知识或熟练能力)
He is expert in international law—many companies ask him for legal advice.(他擅长国际法,很多公司都向他咨询法律问题。)
8. be enthusiastic about对…… 热情;热衷于……(强调对某事物、活动或理念抱有强烈的兴趣和积极态度)
The teacher is enthusiastic about science—her classes are always interesting and engaging.(这位老师对科学充满热情,她的课总是有趣又吸引人。)
9. be experienced in / at在…… 方面有经验(强调在某领域、工作或活动中积累了实践经验,具备应对能力)
She is experienced in customer service—she knows how to deal with difficult clients.(她在客户服务方面有经验,知道如何应对难打交道的客户。)
10. be exposed to暴露于……;面临……(强调主语接触到有害、危险或未知的事物,含被动接受的意味)
Workers in this factory are exposed to harmful chemicals—they must wear protective clothing.(这家工厂的工人暴露在有害化学物质中,必须穿防护服。)
F
1. be fond of喜欢……;喜爱……(强调对人、事物或活动的温和好感,无强烈狂热色彩,日常使用频率高)
My grandmother is fond of growing flowers—her garden is full of roses and lilies every summer.(我奶奶喜欢种花,每年夏天她的花园里满是玫瑰和百合。)
2. be frightened of / by害怕……;被…… 吓到(强调因危险、未知或突发情况产生恐惧,与 “be scared of/by” 含义相近,可互换)
长期恐惧(of):She has been frightened of flying since she experienced turbulence on a plane.(自从在飞机上遇到气流后,她就害怕坐飞机。)
突发恐惧(by):The little boy was frightened by the dog’s bark and hid behind his father.(小狗的叫声把小男孩吓到了,他躲到了爸爸身后。)
3. be friendly to / with
to:对…… 友好;对…… 友善(强调 “对他人的态度友好”,侧重 “单向态度”);
with:与…… 友好相处;和…… 关系好(强调 “与他人的互动友好”,侧重 “双向关系”)。
单向态度(to):The teacher is always friendly to every student—she never gets angry with them.(这位老师对每个学生都很友好,从不跟他们生气。)
双向关系(with):She is friendly with most of her colleagues—they often have lunch together.(她和大部分同事关系都很好,经常一起吃午饭。)
4. be full of充满……;满是……(强调容器、空间或抽象事物被某内容填满,无多余空隙)
The room is full of books—every shelf from the floor to the ceiling is packed.(这个房间满是书,从地板到天花板的每个书架都塞满了。)
5. be free from / of摆脱……;无……(强调主语不受负面事物的影响或束缚,from 和 of 可通用,from 更侧重 “脱离具体束缚”,of 更侧重 “无抽象事物”)
脱离具体束缚(from):After the treatment, she is finally free from the pain she suffered for years.(治疗后,她终于摆脱了多年的痛苦。)
无抽象事物(of):The concert is free of charge—anyone can attend without paying.(这场音乐会免费,任何人都可以参加,无需付费。)
6. be fit for适合……;胜任……(强调主语的能力、品质或条件符合某目标、岗位或需求)
His experience and skills make him fit for the position of manager—we decided to hire him.(他的经验和技能使他胜任经理职位,我们决定录用他。)
7. be familiar with / to
with:熟悉……;了解……(强调 “主语主动熟悉某事物 / 人”,主语多为人);
to:为…… 所熟悉;被…… 熟知(强调 “某事物 / 人被主语熟悉”,主语多为事物),两者方向相反。
主动熟悉(with):As a history teacher, he is familiar with ancient Chinese culture.(作为历史老师,他熟悉中国古代文化。)
被动熟悉(to):The story of Mulan is familiar to most Chinese children.(木兰的故事为大多数中国孩子所熟知。)
8. be famous for因…… 而著名;以…… 闻名(强调主语因某特征、成就或事物被广泛知晓)
The city is famous for its ancient temples—thousands of tourists visit them every year.(这座城市以古寺闻名,每年有成千上万的游客前来参观。)
G
1. be glad about / for对…… 感到高兴;为…… 而开心(强调因好事、结果或他人的境遇产生愉悦情绪,语气较温和)
对事(about):I’m glad about the weather today—it’s perfect for a picnic.(我对今天的天气很开心,太适合野餐了。)
为人(for):We’re all glad for him—he finally got the job he wanted.(我们都为他开心,他终于得到了想要的工作。)
2. be grateful to / for
to:对…… 感激;感谢……(强调 “对帮助自己的人表示感激”,后接人);
for:因…… 而感激(强调 “因某帮助、机会或事物表示感激”,后接事 / 物),两者分工明确,不可混淆。
对人(to):She is grateful to her friend for lending her money when she was in trouble.(她感激朋友在她困难时借钱给她。)
因事(for):We are grateful for the support from the community during the difficult time.(我们感激社区在困难时期给予的支持。)
3. be guilty of犯有…… 罪;对…… 感到内疚(强调 “因做错事、违法或违背道德,产生责任或愧疚感”)
He felt guilty of not visiting his grandparents more often—they lived alone and missed him.(他因没常去看望祖父母而内疚,他们独自生活,很想念他。)
4. be good at / in / for / to
at:擅长……(侧重 “具体技能或短期活动”,如运动、手工);
in:擅长……(侧重 “宽泛领域或长期技能”,如学科、语言);
for:对…… 有益(侧重 “正面影响”,如健康、发展);
to:对…… 友好(侧重 “态度友善”,如他人、动物)。
擅长技能(at):She is good at playing the piano—she has learned it for 10 years.(她擅长弹钢琴,已经学了 10 年。)
擅长领域(in):He is good in computer science—he often helps others fix technical problems.(他擅长计算机科学,经常帮别人解决技术问题。)
对人有益(for):Eating fresh vegetables is good for your body.(吃新鲜蔬菜对你的身体有益。)
对人友好(to):My neighbor is always good to everyone—she often shares food with us.(我的邻居对所有人都很友好,经常和我们分享食物。)
This pair of shoes is good for walking—they are comfortable and durable.(这双鞋适合走路,又舒服又耐穿。)
5. be great at / in非常擅长……;在…… 方面很出色(与 “be good at/in” 含义一致,但语气更强,表 “能力突出”)
He is great at telling stories—his children always gather around him to listen.(他很擅长讲故事,孩子们总是围在他身边听。)
6. be greedy for渴望……;贪婪于……(强调 “对金钱、权力或事物的过度渴望,含负面色彩”)
Some people are greedy for wealth—they work day and night and forget to enjoy life.(有些人贪图财富,没日没夜地工作,忘了享受生活。)
H
1. be happy with / about对…… 感到满意 / 开心(强调因事物符合预期、事件顺利或结果理想,产生愉悦情绪)
对事物(with):She is happy with her new phone—it has all the features she wanted.(她对新手机很满意,拥有她想要的所有功能。)
对事件(about):We are happy about the team’s victory—we’ve been practicing for months.(我们为球队的胜利感到开心,我们已经训练了好几个月。)
2. be hopeful about / of对…… 抱有希望;期待……(强调对未来事件、结果或目标的积极预期,相信会向好发展)
对事件(about):Scientists are hopeful about the new treatment for cancer—it has shown positive results in tests.(科学家对癌症新疗法抱有希望,它在试验中已显示出积极效果。)
对结果(of):He is hopeful of getting the job—he had a good interview with the manager.(他期待能得到这份工作,他和经理的面试很顺利。)
3. be hurt by / about
by:被…… 伤害(强调 “因他人的行为、言语或动作,产生身体或情感上的伤害”);
about:因…… 感到受伤(强调 “因某事件、结果或他人的态度,产生情感上的委屈”)。
被人伤害(by):She was hurt by his thoughtless comments—he didn’t realize how rude he was.(她被他轻率的评论伤害了,他没意识到自己有多无礼。)
因事受伤(about):He was hurt about not being invited to the party—he thought he was friends with everyone.(他因没被邀请参加派对而感到受伤,他以为自己和所有人都是朋友。)
4. be hungry for渴望……;渴求……(既指 “身体饥饿想吃东西”,也可引申为 “对抽象事物的强烈需求”,如知识、成功)
生理饥饿:The children are hungry for dinner—they haven’t eaten since lunch.(孩子们想吃晚饭了,从午饭到现在都没吃东西。)
抽象渴望:Young people are hungry for opportunities to prove themselves in the workplace.(年轻人渴望在工作中获得证明自己的机会。)
5. be hard on对…… 苛刻;对…… 严厉(强调对某人的要求过高、批评过严,或对事物的标准过严)
Her parents are hard on her about studying—they expect her to get top grades every time.(她的父母在学习上对她很苛刻,期望她每次都得高分。)
6. be helpful to / in
to:对…… 有帮助(强调 “对某人或某目标有直接帮助”,后接人或目标);
in:在…… 方面有帮助(强调 “在某领域、某事或做某事时有用”,后接领域或动名词)。
对人有帮助(to):This dictionary is helpful to anyone learning Chinese—it has clear explanations.(这本词典对学中文的人很有帮助,解释很清晰。)
在某事有帮助(in):Taking notes is helpful in remembering what the teacher says in class.(记笔记有助于记住老师在课堂上讲的内容。)
7. be hesitant about对…… 犹豫;不愿……(强调因不确定、担心或谨慎,对某行为或决定迟迟不做选择)
She is hesitant about moving to a new city—she doesn’t want to leave her friends and family.(她对搬到新城市犹豫不决,不想离开亲友。)
8. be hostile to / towards对…… 敌对;对…… 不友好(强调因矛盾、偏见或冲突,对某人或某事物表现出排斥、对抗的态度)
Some people are hostile to new technology—they prefer to keep doing things the old way.(有些人对新技术持敌对态度,更愿意按旧方法做事。)
I
1. be interested in对…… 感兴趣(主观上有兴趣参与或了解)
She is interested in learning traditional Chinese painting.(她对学习国画感兴趣。)
2. be important for / to对…… 重要(前者侧重 “对象的客观需求”,后者侧重 “主观上的重视程度”)
Regular exercise is important for health.(规律运动对健康很重要。→ 客观需求)
Family is always important to her.(家人对她来说始终很重要。→ 主观重视)
3. be independent of独立于……;不依赖……(强调摆脱对他人 / 事物的依赖)
After graduation, he became independent of his parents financially.(毕业后,他在经济上不再依赖父母。)
4. be impatient with / of对…… 不耐烦;不能容忍……(前者针对 “人”,后者针对 “事 / 行为”)
She gets impatient with people who talk slowly.(她对说话慢的人会不耐烦。→ 针对人)
He is impatient of any delay in the project.(他不能容忍项目有任何延误。→ 针对事)
5. be indifferent to对…… 漠不关心;不在乎……(主观上缺乏兴趣或在意)
He seems indifferent to fame and wealth.(他似乎对名利漠不关心。)
6. be involved in参与……;卷入……(可表示 “主动参与活动”,也可表示 “被动卷入事件”)
She is actively involved in volunteer work.(她积极参与志愿工作。→ 主动参与)
The company was involved in a legal dispute last year.(该公司去年卷入了一场法律纠纷。→ 被动卷入)
7. be ignorant of / about对…… 无知;不了解……(强调 “因缺乏知识而不知道”,无贬义)
Many people are ignorant of /about the history of this small town.(很多人不了解这个小镇的历史。)
8. be innocent of无罪;没有…… 的罪(多用于法律或道德层面,表 “未犯某罪 / 过错”)
The court finally proved he was innocent of the theft.(法庭最终证明他没有盗窃罪。)
9. be intent on专注于……;决心做……(前者表 “注意力集中”,后者表 “意志坚定”)
She was so intent on her book that she didn’t hear the doorbell.(她太专注于看书,没听见门铃。→ 专注)
He is intent on finishing the task before midnight.(他决心在午夜前完成任务。→ 决心)
10. be identical to / with与…… 完全相同(强调 “外观、性质、内容等毫无差异”)
This key is identical to /with the one we lost yesterday.(这把钥匙和我们昨天丢的那把完全一样。)
J
1. be jealous of嫉妒……;羡慕……(因他人拥有自己渴望的事物 / 关系而产生的情绪,可表 “嫉妒” 或中性的 “羡慕”)
She is not jealous of her sister’s success—she is actually very proud.(她不嫉妒姐姐的成功,反而非常骄傲。→ 中性羡慕)
Some people are jealous of those who have more free time.(有些人会羡慕那些有更多空闲时间的人。)
2. be jubilant about为…… 感到欢欣鼓舞;因…… 兴高采烈(强调因重大好事或成功而产生的强烈喜悦)
The whole team was jubilant about winning the national championship.(整个团队都为赢得全国冠军而欢欣鼓舞。)
They were jubilant about the news that their daughter got into her dream university.(他们因女儿考上梦想大学的消息而兴高采烈。)
3. be junior to比…… 年轻;比…… 资历浅(用于年龄、职位或等级的比较,不可用 than,与 “be senior to(比…… 年长 / 资深)” 互为反义)
He is junior to me by three years, but he has more work experience in this field.(他比我小三岁,但在这个领域有更多工作经验。→ 年龄)
In the company, she is junior to the marketing manager, so she reports to him directly.(在公司里,她的职位比市场经理低,因此直接向他汇报。→ 职位)
4. be justified in有正当理由做……;做…… 是合理的(强调 “行为或想法符合情理、道德或逻辑,并非无依据”)
You are justified in asking for an explanation if you don’t understand the decision.(如果你不理解这个决定,要求解释是合理的。)
The teacher was justified in criticizing the student for cheating in the exam.(老师因学生考试作弊而批评他,是有正当理由的。)
5. be jaded with / by对…… 感到厌倦;因…… 失去兴趣(指长期接触某事物后,因疲劳或单调而丧失热情)
After working in the same job for 10 years, she is jaded with routine tasks.(在同一份工作干了 10 年后,她对重复性的任务感到厌倦。)
Many travelers are jaded by long flights and crowded airports.(很多旅行者因长途飞行和拥挤的机场而感到疲惫厌倦。)
K
1. be keen on热衷于……;渴望……(表对事物的强烈兴趣,或对某件事的迫切意愿)
She is keen on hiking—she goes to the mountains every weekend.(她热衷于徒步,每个周末都去山里。→ 兴趣)
He is keen on learning Japanese because he wants to work in Tokyo.(他渴望学日语,因为他想在东京工作。→ 意愿)
2. be kind to对…… 友好;善待……(表对人、动物等展现出温和、体贴的态度)
The old lady is always kind to her neighbors, often sharing homemade cakes with them.(这位老奶奶对邻居很友好,经常分享自制的蛋糕。→ 对人)
We should be kind to stray animals instead of hurting them.(我们应该善待流浪动物,而不是伤害它们。→ 对动物)
3. be known for / as / to因…… 闻名;作为…… 闻名;为…… 所熟知(根据介词不同,侧重 “特征 / 成就”“身份 / 角色”“认知群体” 的差异)
This city is known for its ancient temples and delicious seafood.(这座城市因古老的寺庙和美味的海鲜而闻名。→ for:特征)
He is known as a great scientist who made important discoveries in physics.(他作为在物理学领域有重大发现的伟大科学家而闻名。→ as:身份)
The singer is well known to young people, but older generations may not recognize her.(这位歌手在年轻人中很有名,但老一辈人可能不认识她。→ to:群体)
L
1. be late for / to迟到(前者侧重 “错过约定时间的事件”,后者侧重 “未按时做某事”)
Don’t be late for the meeting—our boss hates delays.(别开会迟到,老板讨厌拖延。→ 接事件)
She was late to wake up this morning, so she skipped breakfast.(她今早醒晚了,所以没吃早饭。→ 接动词)
2. be liable to / for① 可能(发生某事);② 对…… 负责(法律或责任层面)
People who don’t sleep well are liable to feel tired during the day.(睡眠不好的人白天容易感到疲倦。→ 可能)
The company is liable for any damage caused by its products.(公司需对其产品造成的任何损害承担责任。→ 负责)
3. be loyal to对…… 忠诚;忠于……(强调对人、组织、信仰等的坚定支持,不背叛)
He has always been loyal to his friends, even in difficult times.(他对朋友始终忠诚,即使在困难时期也不例外。→ 对人)
All citizens should be loyal to their country and its laws.(所有公民都应忠于自己的国家和法律。→ 对国家)
4. be limited to局限于……;被限制在……(强调 “范围、数量或能力被约束在特定界限内”)
The use of this equipment is limited to trained staff only.(该设备仅限受过培训的人员使用。→ 限制对象)
Our budget for this project is limited to 100,000 yuan.(我们这个项目的预算被限制在 10 万元以内。→ 限制数量)
5. be long for / to① 渴望……(for);② 属于……(to,表归属)
After working abroad for years, she is long for a chance to return home.(在国外工作多年后,她渴望有机会回国。→ 渴望)
This old house has long to our family—it was built by my grandfather.(这栋老房子一直属于我们家,是我祖父建造的。→ 归属)
6. be loose in / with① (衣物、部件)在…… 处松动;② 对…… 宽松(态度、标准)
The button is loose in my coat—can you help me sew it?(我外套上的纽扣松了,你能帮我缝一下吗?→ 部位)
Some parents are too loose with their children’s screen time, which affects their study.(有些父母对孩子的屏幕使用时间太宽松,影响了孩子的学习。→ 态度)
7. be lost in① 迷失在……(空间上);② 沉浸于……(抽象上,如情绪、思考)
We got lost in the forest because we didn’t bring a map.(我们在森林里迷路了,因为没带地图。→ 空间)
She was so lost in her thoughts that she didn’t notice someone calling her.(她太沉浸在自己的思绪里,没注意到有人叫她。→ 抽象)
8. be liberal with对…… 慷慨;在…… 上大方(强调在资源、时间、金钱或表达上不吝啬)
Her parents are liberal with money when it comes to her education.(在她的教育方面,父母花钱很大方。→ 金钱)
The teacher is liberal with praise—she always encourages her students.(这位老师不吝赞美,总是鼓励学生。→ 赞美)
9. be liable for对…… 承担法律 / 民事责任(正式语境,如合同、法律纠纷)
If you damage public property, you will be liable for the repair costs.(若损坏公共财物,你需承担维修费用。)
M
1. be made of / from / into由…… 制成(of/from);被制成……(into)
This table is made of solid wood—you can see the grain clearly.(这张桌子由实木制成,能清楚看到木纹。→ of:可辨认)
Paper is made from wood pulp—you can’t tell the original material.(纸由木浆制成,看不出原始材料。→ from:不可辨认)
The cotton is made into soft towels in this factory.(这些棉花在这家工厂被制成柔软的毛巾。→ into:转化为成品)
2. be married to与…… 结婚(表婚姻状态,固定搭配 to,不可用 with)
She has been married to her husband for 20 years, and they still get along well.(她和丈夫结婚 20 年了,感情依然很好。)
【易错提示】不能说 “be married with”,with 表 “伴随”,不用于婚姻关系。
3. be mad at / with / about① 对…… 愤怒(at/with);② 对…… 狂热 / 痴迷(about)
He was mad at his friend for forgetting his birthday.(他因朋友忘记自己的生日而生气。→ at:对人愤怒)
She is mad about rock music—she goes to every concert in the city.(她痴迷摇滚乐,市里的每场演唱会都去。→ about:对事狂热)
4. be mixed with与…… 混合(表两种或多种物质 / 事物结合)
The paint should be mixed with water in a 2:1 ratio.(这种颜料需按 2:1 的比例与水混合。→ 具体物质)
Her voice was mixed with sadness when she talked about her childhood.(她谈起童年时,声音里夹杂着悲伤。→ 抽象情绪)
5. be moved by被…… 感动(表因他人的行为、故事等产生情感共鸣)
Everyone in the audience was moved by the little girl’s brave speech.(观众席里的每个人都被小女孩勇敢的发言感动了。)
He was deeply moved by his mother’s selfless care during his illness.(他生病期间,母亲无私的照顾让他深受感动。)
6. be missing from从…… 中丢失 / 缺失(表 “本应存在于某处的事物不在了”)
A few pages are missing from this old book—maybe they were torn out.(这本旧书少了几页,可能是被撕掉了。→ 范围:书)
Two students are missing from class today—did they ask for leave?(今天有两名学生没来上课,他们请假了吗?→ 地点:课堂)
7. be modest about对…… 谦虚(表不夸大自己的能力、成就等)
He is very modest about his success—he always says it’s the team’s effort.(他对自己的成功很谦虚,总说是团队的功劳。→ 对象:成功)
She is modest about her painting skills, but she’s actually very talented.(她对自己的绘画技巧很谦虚,但其实很有天赋。→ 对象:技巧)
8. be mindful of留意……;关注……(表有意识地注意某件事,避免忽视)
When talking to others, we should be mindful of our tone—rude words may hurt people.(与人交谈时,要留意语气,刻薄的话可能伤人。→ 留意:语气)
Drivers must be mindful of pedestrians when passing through busy streets.(司机在繁忙路段行驶时,必须关注行人。→ 关注:行人)
9. be mean to对…… 刻薄;对…… 吝啬(表态度恶劣或在资源上小气)
Don’t be mean to your little sister—sharing toys with her is nice.(别对妹妹刻薄,和她分享玩具才好。→ 态度刻薄)
He is mean to everyone when it comes to money—he never lends anyone a penny.(他在钱方面对所有人都很吝啬,从不借一分钱。→ 吝啬)
N
1. be nervous about对…… 感到紧张、焦虑(因不确定结果或面临压力的场景而产生的情绪)
She is always nervous about public speaking—her hands shake every time she stands on stage.(她对公开演讲总是很紧张,每次上台手都会抖。→ 场景:演讲)
He is nervous about the job interview tomorrow; he’s been practicing answers all night.(他对明天的求职面试很焦虑,一整晚都在练习回答。→ 事件:面试)
2. be necessary for对…… 有必要;为…… 所必需(强调 “某事物是实现目标、满足需求的前提”)
Regular exercise is necessary for maintaining good health—you can’t stay fit without it.(规律运动对维持健康很有必要,没有运动很难保持健康。→ 目标:维持健康)
Patience is necessary for teaching young children—they need time to understand new things.(耐心对教幼儿很重要,他们需要时间理解新事物。→ 对象:教幼儿)
3. be native to(动植物)原产于……;(人)出生于 / 籍贯是……(强调“与生俱来的归属地”)
Pandas are native to China—they can only be found in certain mountain areas here.(大熊猫原产于中国,仅在国内部分山区能见到。→ 动植物:原产地点)
She is native to Shanghai, but she has lived in Beijing for over 10 years.(她籍贯是上海,但已在北京生活了 10 多年。→ 人:籍贯地点)
4. be new to对…… 陌生;刚接触……(强调 “缺乏经验或了解,处于新手阶段”)
He is new to this company, so he’s still learning how the team works.(他刚到这家公司,还在熟悉团队的运作方式。→ 环境:公司)
I’m new to cooking, so I often burn simple dishes like eggs.(我刚接触烹饪,连煎蛋这种简单的菜都经常烧糊。→ 领域:烹饪)
5. be next to紧挨着……;在…… 旁边(表空间上的 “相邻位置”,强调 “距离极近”)
Our classroom is next to the library—we can borrow books during break time easily.(我们的教室紧挨着图书馆,课间很容易去借书。→ 地点:图书馆)
The cat is sleeping next to the sofa; don’t wake it up.(猫在沙发旁边睡觉,别吵醒它。→ 物体:沙发)
6. be nice to对…… 友好、和善(表态度温和,待人亲切)
The teacher is always nice to her students—she never shouts at them even when they make mistakes.(这位老师对学生很和善,即使他们犯错也从不吼叫。→ 人:学生)
Be nice to stray dogs—they just need a little care to feel safe.(对流浪狗好一点,它们只需要一点关爱就能感到安全。→ 动物:流浪狗)
7. be noted for因…… 而闻名、著称(强调 “因某一突出特征或成就被广泛知晓”,书面语境常用)
This city is noted for its ancient canals—many tourists come to take boat tours every year.(这座城市因古老的运河而闻名,每年都有很多游客来乘船游览。→ 特征:运河)
The scientist is noted for his research on climate change—his findings have influenced global policies.(这位科学家因气候变化研究而著称,他的成果影响了全球政策。→ 成就:研究)
8. be numb to对…… 麻木;对…… 无动于衷(表 “因长期刺激或情感冲击,失去感知或反应能力”)
After sitting for hours, her legs were numb to cold—she couldn’t feel her toes at all.(坐了几个小时后,她的腿对寒冷已经麻木,完全感觉不到脚趾了。→ 生理:寒冷)
He has heard so many complaints that he’s numb to criticism now—negative words don’t affect him.(他听了太多抱怨,现在对批评已经麻木了,负面评价影响不了他。→ 情感:批评)
O
1. be obvious to对…… 来说很明显;…… 显而易见(强调 “某事实或情况容易被某人察觉、理解”)
It’s obvious to everyone that she has made great progress in English—her grades have jumped a lot.(所有人都能明显看出她英语进步很大,成绩提升了不少。→ 主体:everyone)
The importance of saving water is obvious to most people, but some still waste it.(节约用水的重要性对大多数人来说显而易见,但仍有人浪费。→ 主体:most people)
2. be opposed to反对……;不赞成……(表对某观点、计划、行为的明确否定态度)
Many parents are opposed to their children playing video games for hours every day.(很多家长反对孩子每天玩几小时电子游戏。→ 对象:playing video games)
He is opposed to the new policy because he thinks it will harm small businesses.(他反对这项新政策,因为他认为会损害小企业利益。→ 对象:the new policy)
3. be open to① 对…… 开放(空间 / 机会);② 愿意接受……(观点 / 建议)
The museum is open to the public every weekend—you don’t need to book tickets.(这家博物馆每周对公众开放,无需预约。→ 开放:对象 the public)
She is open to different ideas in the meeting; she never insists on her own opinion.(她在会议上愿意接受不同观点,从不一意孤行。→ 接受:ideas)
4. be original in在…… 方面有创意;在…… 上新颖(强调 “在某领域、行为或作品中展现独特性,非模仿”)
The artist is original in her painting style—she combines traditional ink with modern colors.(这位艺术家在绘画风格上很有创意,将传统水墨与现代色彩结合。→ 方面:painting style)
He is original in his approach to solving problems; his methods are always different from others.(他在解决问题的方法上很新颖,思路总与别人不同。→ 方面:approach)
5. be occupied with忙于……;专注于……(表 “因事务繁忙而投入时间和精力,无暇他顾”)
She has been occupied with preparing for the exam recently—she even doesn’t have time to watch TV.(她最近忙着准备考试,连看电视的时间都没有。→ 事务:preparing for the exam)
The manager is occupied with a meeting right now; can you call him later?(经理现在正忙着开会,你能稍后再打给他吗?→ 事务:a meeting)
6. be optimistic about对…… 乐观;对…… 抱有希望(表对未来结果、事物发展持积极态度)
Despite the difficulties, most people are optimistic about the future of renewable energy.(尽管困难重重,大多数人对可再生能源的未来仍持乐观态度。→ 对象:the future)
She is optimistic about her job application—she thinks her experience matches the position well.(她对自己的求职申请很有信心,认为经验与岗位很匹配。→ 对象:job application)
7. be obsessed with对…… 痴迷;沉迷于……(表 “因过度关注某事物而无法自拔,含轻微贬义”)
He is obsessed with collecting sneakers—he has over 200 pairs in his closet.(他痴迷于收集运动鞋,衣柜里有超过 200 双。→ 对象:collecting sneakers)
Some teenagers are obsessed with social media, spending hours scrolling every day.(有些青少年沉迷社交媒体,每天花几小时刷动态。→ 对象:social media)
8. be overcome with被……(情绪)压倒;陷入……(强烈情绪)(表 “被突如其来的强烈情绪控制,无法自控”)
When she heard the bad news, she was overcome with sadness and couldn’t stop crying.(听到坏消息时,她被悲伤压倒,忍不住哭了起来。→ 情绪:sadness)
The team was overcome with joy when they won the championship—they hugged each other tightly.(赢得冠军时,团队陷入狂喜,紧紧相拥。→ 情绪:joy)
P
1. be popular with / among受…… 欢迎(强调 “某人 / 事物在特定群体中被喜爱、接受”)
The new teacher is very popular with her students—they love her interesting classes.(这位新老师很受学生欢迎,大家都喜欢她有趣的课。→ with:小群体 students)
Traditional festivals are popular among people of all ages in this country.(传统节日在这个国家各年龄段人群中都很受欢迎。→ among:大群体 all ages)
2. be pleased with / at / about对…… 感到满意 / 高兴(因事物、事件或情况产生积极情绪,介词差异对应不同对象)
She is pleased with her new phone—it works much better than the old one.(她对新手机很满意,比旧手机好用多了。→ with:具体事物 phone)
We were pleased at the news that our team won the game.(听到球队赢球的消息,我们很高兴。→ at:具体事件 news)
He is pleased about his progress in math—he finally passed the exam.(他对自己的数学进步很满意,终于通过了考试。→ about:抽象情况 progress)
3. be patient with对…… 有耐心(表 “在等待、教导或应对困难时不急躁”)
Parents should be patient with their children when they learn new skills—mistakes are normal.(孩子学新技能时,父母要对他们有耐心,犯错很正常。→ 对人 children)
You need to be patient with this project; it will take at least two months to finish.(这个项目需要耐心,至少要两个月才能完成。→ 对事物 project)
4. be proud of为…… 感到骄傲 / 自豪(因某人的成就、品质或某事的结果产生荣誉感)
The mother is proud of her son—he won first prize in the national competition.(妈妈为儿子感到骄傲,他在全国比赛中得了一等奖。→ 对人 son)
We are proud of our country’s rapid development in science and technology.(我们为祖国在科技领域的快速发展感到自豪。→ 对事物 development)
5. be polite to对…… 有礼貌(表 “在交往中遵守礼仪,态度恭敬”)
It’s important to be polite to the elderly—we should respect their experience.(对老人有礼貌很重要,我们要尊重他们的阅历。→ 对人 the elderly)
Everyone should be polite to guests at a party—small gestures like smiling matter a lot.(在派对上,每个人都应对客人有礼貌,微笑这类小动作很重要。→ 对人 guests)
6. be prepared for为…… 做好准备(强调 “提前做好应对某事的准备,有应对能力”)
We need to be prepared for bad weather during the hiking trip—bring raincoats and warm clothes.(徒步旅行时,我们要为恶劣天气做好准备,带上雨衣和保暖衣物。→ 应对情况 bad weather)
She is prepared for the job interview—she has practiced answering common questions.(她为求职面试做好了准备,已经练习过常见问题的回答。→ 应对事件 interview)
7. be particular about对…… 挑剔 / 讲究(表 “对事物的细节、品质有较高要求,不易满足”)
He is very particular about his food—he only eats organic vegetables and fresh fruit.(他对食物很挑剔,只吃有机蔬菜和新鲜水果。→ 对象 food)
My boss is particular about work details—even a small typo will make her ask for a revision.(我老板对工作细节很讲究,即使一个小错字也会让她要求修改。→ 对象 details)
8. be passionate about对…… 充满热情(表 “对某事物、爱好或事业有强烈的热爱和投入感”)
She is passionate about environmental protection—she volunteers to clean up parks every weekend.(她对环保充满热情,每周都志愿去清理公园。→ 对象 protection)
He is passionate about music—he spends most of his free time playing the guitar.(他对音乐充满热情,大部分空闲时间都在弹吉他。→ 对象 music)
9. be preoccupied with全神贯注于……;心事重重于……(强调 “精神被某事占据,忽略其他事物”)
She was so preoccupied with her work that she forgot to eat lunch.(她全神贯注于工作,以至于忘了吃午饭。→ 对象 work)
He has been preoccupied with his mother’s illness lately—he can’t focus on anything else.(他最近一直为母亲的病情心事重重,无法专注于其他事。→ 对象 illness)
10. be prone to易于……;倾向于……(多表 “容易发生负面情况、疾病或错误”)
People who don’t exercise regularly are prone to colds and other illnesses.(不经常锻炼的人容易感冒和得其他病。→ 对象 illnesses,名词)
He is prone to making mistakes when he’s in a hurry—he should slow down.(他着急时容易犯错,应该慢一点。→ 对象 making mistakes,动名词)
Q
1. be quick at / in擅长……;在…… 方面反应快(强调 “做某事时动作敏捷或学习能力强”)
She is quick at learning new languages—she picked up basic Japanese in just three months.(她擅长学新语言,仅用三个月就掌握了基础日语。→ at:具体动作 learning)
He is quick in solving math problems; he always finishes the exercises first in class.(他解数学题很快,上课总是第一个做完练习题。→ in:抽象领域 solving problems)
2. be qualified for有资格做……;胜任……(强调 “具备职位、任务所需的能力、经验或资质”)
With five years of teaching experience, she is qualified for the head teacher position.(有五年教学经验,她胜任班主任一职。→ 对象:position)
You need to pass this exam to be qualified for the training program.(你需要通过这场考试,才有资格参加这个培训项目。→ 对象:program)
3. be quiet about对…… 保密;不声张……(强调 “不向他人透露某事,保持沉默”)
They asked us to be quiet about the project details until it’s officially announced.(他们要求我们在项目正式公布前,对细节保密。→ 保密对象:details)
She decided to be quiet about her promotion—she doesn’t want to make others jealous.(她决定不声张自己升职的事,不想让别人嫉妒。→ 不声张对象:promotion)
4. be queer for渴望……;热衷于……(语义较旧,日常使用频率低,多出现于书面或特定语境,表 “对某物有强烈的向往”)
After being away for months, he was queer for a taste of his mother’s homemade soup.(离家数月后,他特别渴望喝一口妈妈做的家常汤。→ 渴望对象:soup)
5. be quarrelsome with好与…… 争吵;爱和…… 吵架(描述性格倾向,表 “容易与某人发生争执”)
He is always quarrelsome with his roommates over small things like cleaning or noise.(他总爱和室友为打扫卫生、噪音这类小事吵架。→ 争吵对象:roommates)
R
1. be ready for / to① 为…… 做好准备(for);② 愿意 / 准备好做某事(to,后接动词原形,非介词,此处因高频易混需特别说明)
The team is ready for the final match—they’ve practiced every day this month.(球队已为决赛做好准备,这个月每天都在训练。→ for:接名词 match)
She is ready to help others whenever they are in trouble.(她随时准备帮助有困难的人。→ to:接动词 help,不定式符号)
2. be responsible for对…… 负责(强调 “承担某事物的责任,对结果或行为负责”)
The manager is responsible for the company’s daily operations—he makes important decisions every day.(经理负责公司的日常运营,每天都要做重要决策。→ 责任对象:operations)
Parents are responsible for their children’s safety and education when they are young.(孩子年幼时,父母对他们的安全和教育负责。→ 责任对象:children’s safety)
3. be related to与…… 相关;和…… 有联系(强调 “事物之间存在逻辑、因果或血缘上的关联”)
This problem is closely related to the environment—pollution makes it worse.(这个问题与环境密切相关,污染加剧了它的严重性。→ 关联对象:environment)
Are you related to the Smith family? You look very similar to Mr. Smith.(你和史密斯一家有亲属关系吗?你和史密斯先生长得很像。→ 关联对象:Smith family,血缘关联)
4. be relevant to与…… 相关;对…… 有意义(强调 “与当前话题、目的或情境相关联,具有实用性或针对性”,区别于 “be related to” 的泛化关联)
Your comment is not relevant to the meeting topic—let’s get back to discussing the project plan.(你的发言与会议主题无关,我们回到讨论项目计划上来。→ 相关对象:meeting topic)
This book is relevant to your research—it has a lot of data on climate change.(这本书对你的研究很有意义,里面有很多气候变化的数据。→ 相关对象:research)
5. be reliant on依赖……;依靠……(强调 “在物质、情感或能力上需要他人 / 事物的支持,无法独立”)
Young children are reliant on their parents for food, shelter and care.(幼儿在衣食住行上都依赖父母。→ 依赖对象:parents)
Many small businesses are reliant on online sales—without the internet, their income drops sharply.(很多小企业依赖线上销售,没有互联网,收入会大幅下降。→ 依赖对象:online sales)
6. be regretful about / for对…… 感到后悔;为…… 遗憾(强调 “因过去的行为、决定或结果产生懊悔情绪”)
He is regretful about not studying hard in college—now he finds it hard to get a good job.(他后悔大学时没努力学习,现在很难找到好工作。→ 后悔对象:not studying hard)
She is regretful for missing her grandmother’s birthday party—she was busy with work.(她为错过奶奶的生日派对感到遗憾,当时她在忙工作。→ 后悔对象:missing the party)
7. be resistant to抵抗……;抗拒……(强调 “对某事物(如疾病、变化、影响)有抵抗力或不愿接受”)
Some plants are resistant to pests—they don’t need to be sprayed with pesticides.(有些植物抗虫害,不需要喷洒农药。→ 抵抗对象:pests)
He is resistant to change—he still uses the old version of the software even though a new one is available.(他抗拒改变,即使有新版本软件,仍在用旧版本。→ 抵抗对象:change)
8. be reluctant to不愿意……;勉强……(强调 “因不情愿、犹豫而不愿做某事”,后接动词原形,to 为不定式符号,非介词,因高频易与介词短语混淆,需特别梳理)
She is reluctant to speak in public—she is afraid of making mistakes.(她不愿意在公共场合发言,害怕犯错。→ 不愿做的动作:speak in public)
He was reluctant to accept the job offer because it required moving to another city.(他勉强接受这份工作邀请,因为它需要搬到另一个城市。→ 勉强做的动作:accept the offer)
9. be rude to对…… 粗鲁;对…… 无礼(强调 “在态度或言行上不尊重他人”)
It’s impolite to be rude to waiters—they work hard to serve customers.(对服务员粗鲁是不礼貌的,他们努力为顾客服务。→ 对象:waiters)
He was rude to his teacher when he was asked to correct his mistake—now he feels sorry.(当被要求改正错误时,他对老师很无礼,现在很后悔。→ 对象:teacher)
10. be right about对…… 判断正确;在…… 方面是对的(强调 “某人的观点、预测或判断符合事实”)
She was right about the weather— it started raining just as she predicted.(她对天气的判断是对的,正如她预测的那样,天开始下雨了。→ 判断对象:the weather)
You were right about this method—it’s much more efficient than the old one.(你对这个方法的看法是对的,它比旧方法高效得多。→ 判断对象:this method)
S
1. be satisfied with对…… 满意(强调 “因事物符合预期、需求而产生认可感”)
Customers are satisfied with the quality of this new product—most of them give positive reviews.(顾客对这款新产品的质量很满意,大部分人都给出了好评。→ 对象:quality)
He is satisfied with his exam results; he finally got the score he wanted.(他对自己的考试成绩很满意,终于拿到了理想的分数。→ 对象:results)
2. be similar to与…… 相似(强调 “两者在外观、性质、特征上有共同点,但非完全一致”)
Her new hairstyle is similar to mine—we both have short curly hair.(她的新发型和我的很像,我们都是短卷发。→ 对比对象:mine)
The climate of this city is similar to that of my hometown, so I feel at home here.(这座城市的气候和我家乡相似,所以我在这里感觉很自在。→ 对比对象:that of my hometown)
3. be strict with / in① 对……(人)严格(with);② 对……(事)严格要求(in)
The teacher is strict with her students—she asks them to hand in homework on time every day.(这位老师对学生很严格,要求他们每天按时交作业。→ 对人:students)
He is strict in his work—he checks every detail twice to avoid mistakes.(他对工作要求很严格,每个细节都会检查两遍以防出错。→ 对事:work)
4. be sure of / about对…… 有把握;确信……(强调 “对事实、结果或自身判断有信心”)
She is sure of her answer—she checked the textbook before writing it down.(她对自己的答案很有把握,写下之前查过课本。→ 客观事实:answer)
Are you sure about going to the party alone? It will be very crowded.(你确定要一个人去派对吗?那里会很拥挤的。→ 主观判断:going alone)
5. be sorry for / about① 为……(行为)道歉(for);② 为……(情况)遗憾(about)
I am sorry for breaking your cup—I’ll buy you a new one.(很抱歉打碎了你的杯子,我给你买个新的。→ 自身行为:breaking your cup)
We are sorry about the bad news—we know you loved your pet very much.(我们对这个坏消息感到遗憾,我们知道你很爱你的宠物。→ 客观情况:bad news)
6. be superior to比…… 优越;比…… 好(强调 “在质量、水平、地位上处于更高等级”)
This brand of laptop is superior to others in battery life—it can last up to 12 hours.(这个品牌的笔记本电脑在续航上比其他品牌优越,能续航 12 小时。→ 对比对象:others)
In terms of technology, the new model is superior to the old one—its speed is twice as fast.(在技术方面,新款比旧款更先进,速度是旧款的两倍。→ 对比对象:the old one)
7. be short of缺乏……;短缺……(强调 “数量、资源或能力不足以满足需求”)
We are short of time—we need to finish this report in 30 minutes.(我们时间不够了,需要在 30 分钟内完成这份报告。→ 缺乏对象:time)
The company is short of skilled workers, so it’s offering high salaries to recruit people.(这家公司缺乏技术工人,所以开出高薪招人。→ 缺乏对象:skilled workers)
8. be sick of对…… 感到厌倦;厌烦……(强调 “因长期接触或重复某事,产生反感或疲惫”)
I am sick of eating fast food every day—I want to cook a home meal this evening.(我厌倦了每天吃快餐,今晚想做顿家常菜。→ 对象:eating fast food)
She is sick of his constant complaints—he never talks about anything positive.(她厌烦了他没完没了的抱怨,他从来不说积极的事。→ 对象:his constant complaints)
9. be serious about对…… 认真;认真对待……(强调 “对目标、承诺或事情持严肃态度,不敷衍”)
He is serious about his studies—he studies for 6 hours every day to get into college.(他对学习很认真,为了考上大学每天学习 6 小时。→ 对象:studies)
Are you serious about starting your own business? It will take a lot of time and money.(你对创业是认真的吗?这需要投入很多时间和金钱。→ 对象:starting your own business)
10. be successful in在…… 方面成功(强调 “在某领域、某件事上达成目标,获得成果”)
She is successful in her career—she became the company’s CEO at the age of 35.(她在事业上很成功,35 岁就成了公司的 CEO。→ 领域:career)
The team was successful in developing a new drug that can treat this disease.(这个团队成功研发出了一种能治疗这种疾病的新药。→ 事情:developing a new drug)
T
1. be tired of对…… 感到厌倦;厌烦……(强调 “因长期重复或接触某事物,产生疲惫或反感”)
I’m tired of listening to his excuses—he never takes responsibility for his mistakes.(我厌烦了听他找借口,他从不为自己的错误负责。→ 动名词:listening to excuses)
She’s tired of the same routine every day; she wants to take a trip to change her mood.(她厌倦了每天一成不变的生活,想通过旅行调整心情。→ 事物:routine)
2. be thirsty for渴望……;渴求……(强调 “对知识、成功、情感等抽象事物有强烈的需求”,也可表生理 “口渴”)
Young people are thirsty for knowledge—they spend a lot of time learning online courses.(年轻人渴求知识,会花大量时间学习在线课程。→ 抽象:knowledge)
After playing basketball for an hour, we’re all thirsty for cold water.(打了一小时篮球后,我们都渴得想喝冰水。→ 具体:cold water)
3. be true of / to① 适用于……(of);② 忠于……;符合……(to)
The saying “practice makes perfect” is true of any skill—you need to keep practicing to improve.(“熟能生巧” 这句话适用于任何技能,你需要持续练习才能进步。→ of:适用于 skill)
He is always true to his word—if he promises to help you, he will definitely do it.(他总是信守承诺,只要答应帮你,就一定会做到。→ to:忠于 word)
4. be thankful to / for① 对……(人)感激(to);② 因……(事 / 物)感激(for)
We are thankful to our parents for raising us—they’ve sacrificed a lot for our growth.(我们感激父母养育我们,他们为我们的成长付出了很多。→ to:对父母;for:因养育)
She is thankful for the opportunity to work in this company—it helps her develop her skills.(她感激能有机会在这家公司工作,这有助于她提升技能。→ for:因 opportunity)
5. be typical of是…… 的典型;具有…… 的特征(强调 “某人 / 事物符合某类群体的常见特征”)
It’s typical of him to be late—he never plans his time well.(迟到是他的典型特征,他从不合理规划时间。→ of:他的特征)
This kind of weather is typical of spring in the north—warm and windy.(这种天气是北方春天的典型特征,温暖且多风。→ of:北方春天的特征)
6. be terrified of对…… 感到极度害怕;恐惧……(强调 “因危险、未知事物产生强烈的恐惧情绪”,程度比 “be afraid of” 更深)
She is terrified of spiders—she will scream if she sees one.(她极度害怕蜘蛛,看到就会尖叫。→ 事物:spiders)
He is terrified of flying—he always takes the train when traveling to other cities.(他恐惧坐飞机,去其他城市旅行时总坐火车。→ 动名词:flying)
7. be used to习惯于……(强调 “因长期接触而适应某事物或状态”,注意:此处 to 是介词,后接名词 / 动名词)
After living in Beijing for 5 years, she is used to the cold winters here.(在北京住了 5 年后,她已经习惯了这里寒冷的冬天。→ 名词:cold winters)
He is used to getting up early—he wakes up at 6 o’clock every morning.(他习惯了早起,每天早上 6 点就醒。→ 动名词:getting up early)
8. be tolerant of容忍……;对…… 宽容(强调 “对他人的不同观点、行为或缺点持包容态度”)
A good leader should be tolerant of different ideas—this helps the team make better decisions.(好的领导者应该容忍不同的观点,这有助于团队做出更好的决策。→ 对象:different ideas)
We should be tolerant of others’ small mistakes—no one is perfect.(我们应该宽容他人的小错误,没有人是完美的。→ 对象:small mistakes)
9. be tight with① 与…… 关系亲密(人);② 对…… 吝啬(金钱,非正式用法)
She is tight with her sister—they tell each other everything.(她和姐姐关系很亲密,什么事都互相倾诉。→ 人:her sister)
He is tight with money—he never buys expensive things even for himself.(他对钱很吝啬,即使给自己买东西也从不买贵的。→ 金钱:money,非正式)
10. be tied to被束缚于……;与…… 紧密相关(强调 “受某事物限制或与某事物有不可分割的联系”)
She feels tied to her job—she can’t take a vacation because of too much work.(她觉得被工作束缚住了,因为工作太多无法休假。→ 束缚:job)
The company’s development is tied to the local economy—if the economy declines, its sales will drop.(公司的发展与当地经济紧密相关,若经济下滑,其销售额也会下降。→ 关联:local economy)
U
1. be unaware of没意识到……;不知道……(强调“因疏忽或信息不足,未察觉某事实或情况”)
She was unaware of the changes in the meeting time, so she arrived an hour late.(她没意识到会议时间改了,所以迟到了一小时。→ 未察觉的事实:changes)
Many people are unaware of the environmental damage caused by single-use plastics.(很多人不知道一次性塑料对环境造成的破坏。→ 未察觉的情况:environmental damage)
2. be uncertain about对…… 不确定;对…… 没把握(强调 “因信息不足或结果未知,无法确定某件事”)
He is uncertain about his future career—he hasn’t decided whether to study abroad or work.(他对未来的职业不确定,还没决定是出国深造还是工作。→ 不确定对象:future career)
We are still uncertain about the exact date of the event; the organizer will inform us later.(我们还不确定活动的具体日期,主办方会稍后通知我们。→ 不确定对象:exact date)
3. be unable to不能……;无法……(强调 “因能力、条件限制,无法做某事”,注意:此处 to 是不定式符号,非介词,后接动词原形,但因高频易与介词短语混淆,需特别梳理)
She was unable to attend the meeting because she had a bad cold.(她因为重感冒,无法参加会议。→ 无法做的动作:attend the meeting)
The old machine is unable to work normally—it needs to be repaired.(这台旧机器无法正常运转,需要维修。→ 无法做的动作:work normally)
4. be unfamiliar with对…… 不熟悉;不了解……(强调 “因缺乏接触或经验,对某人 / 事物不认识、不了解”)
I am unfamiliar with this software—can you teach me how to use it?(我对这个软件不熟悉,你能教我怎么用吗?→ 不熟悉的事物:software)
He is unfamiliar with the local customs, so he often asks his neighbors for advice.(他不了解当地习俗,所以经常向邻居请教。→ 不熟悉的情况:local customs)
5. be upset about / with① 因……(事)心烦(about);② 对……(人)不满(with)
She is upset about missing the train—she will have to wait for the next one in two hours.(她因为没赶上火车而心烦,得等两小时后的下一班。→ 对事:missing the train)
He is upset with his friend for breaking the promise—they were supposed to go hiking together.(他对朋友违背承诺感到不满,他们本来约好一起去徒步的。→ 对人:his friend)
6. be unique to为…… 所特有;是…… 独有的(强调 “某特征、事物仅存在于特定对象中,其他对象没有”)
This kind of bird is unique to the tropical rainforest—you can’t find it anywhere else.(这种鸟是热带雨林特有的,在其他地方找不到。→ 特有对象:tropical rainforest)
The tradition of eating dumplings during Spring Festival is unique to Chinese culture.(春节吃饺子的传统是中国文化特有的。→ 特有对象:Chinese culture)
7. be united in在…… 方面团结一致(强调 “群体因共同目标、观点或情感,在某件事上保持一致”)
All team members are united in their desire to win the championship—they train hard every day.(所有队员都怀着夺冠的共同愿望团结一致,每天刻苦训练。→ 一致目标:desire to win)
The community is united in helping the homeless people—they donate food and clothes every winter.(社区在帮助无家可归者方面团结一致,每年冬天都会捐赠食物和衣物。→ 一致行动:helping the homeless)
V
1. be valuable for / to对…… 有价值;对…… 重要(强调 “某人 / 事物具有实用或重要意义”)
This reference book is valuable for students learning chemistry—it explains complex concepts clearly.(这本参考书对学化学的学生很有价值,能清晰解释复杂概念。→ for:对学习目的)
Your advice is valuable to me—I’ll consider it carefully when making a decision.(你的建议对我很重要,我做决定时会仔细考虑。→ to:对特定人)
2. be various in在…… 方面多样;在…… 上种类繁多(强调 “某事物在特定维度上有多种类型或形式”)
The products in this store are various in style—there are options for both young and old customers.(这家店的产品风格多样,既有适合年轻人的,也有适合老年人的。→ 维度:style)
Her hobbies are various in nature, from painting and music to hiking and cooking.(她的爱好类型多样,从绘画、音乐到徒步、烹饪都有。→ 维度:nature)
3. be vague about对…… 含糊不清;对…… 表述模糊(强调 “因信息不足或故意回避,对某事物的描述、计划不明确”)
He is vague about his weekend plans—he just said he might go out, but didn’t mention where.(他对周末计划含糊不清,只说可能出去,却没说去哪里。→ 对象:weekend plans)
The speaker was vague about the project’s budget; the audience couldn’t tell how much money would be needed.(演讲者对项目预算表述模糊,听众无法判断需要多少资金。→ 对象:budget)
4. be vital for / to对…… 至关重要;对…… 必不可少(强调 “某人 / 事物是实现目标、维持存在的关键,比 valuable 程度更深”)
Clean water is vital for human survival—no one can live without it for more than a few days.(清洁的水对人类生存至关重要,没人能几天不喝水。→ for:对生存目标)
Effective communication is vital to a team’s success—it helps avoid misunderstandings and improve efficiency.(有效沟通对团队成功必不可少,能帮助避免误解、提升效率。→ to:对团队目标)
5. be vulnerable to易受…… 伤害;易受…… 影响(强调 “某人 / 事物因自身弱点,容易受到负面因素的攻击、损害或影响”)
Elderly people and young children are more vulnerable to colds and flu in winter.(老年人和幼儿在冬天更容易感冒和得流感。→ 对象:疾病)
Small businesses are vulnerable to economic changes—they have less ability to deal with market risks.(小企业易受经济变化影响,应对市场风险的能力较弱。→ 对象:经济变化)
6. be valid for对…… 有效(指 “证件、协议、优惠等在特定时间或范围内具有法律效力或使用权限”)
This passport is valid for 10 years from the date of issue—you don’t need to renew it soon.(这本护照自签发日起有效期 10 年,你暂时不用续签。→ 范围:期限)
The discount coupon is valid for in-store purchases only; it can’t be used for online orders.(这张优惠券仅对到店消费有效,不能用于线上订单。→ 范围:消费场景)
W
1. be weak in在…… 方面薄弱;不擅长……(强调 “在某学科、技能或领域缺乏能力,水平较低”)
He is weak in math—he often gets low scores on math exams.(他数学薄弱,数学考试经常得分低。→ 领域:学科 math)
She is weak in public speaking, so she avoids giving presentations at work.(她不擅长公开演讲,所以在工作中尽量避免做汇报。→ 技能:public speaking)
2. be worried about为…… 担心;担忧……(强调 “因不确定结果或潜在风险,对某人 / 事物产生焦虑情绪”)
Parents are always worried about their children’s safety when they go out alone.(孩子独自外出时,父母总是担心他们的安全。→ 对象:children’s safety)
She is worried about her job interview tomorrow—she’s afraid she won’t answer the questions well.(她担心明天的求职面试,怕答不好问题。→ 对象:interview)
3. be willing to愿意……;乐意……(强调 “主动接受或同意做某事,态度积极”,注意:此处 to 是不定式符号,非介词,后接动词原形)
He is willing to help others—he never refuses when his friends ask for support.(他乐于助人,朋友求助时从不拒绝。→ 愿意做的动作:help others)
Are you willing to work overtime this weekend? We need to finish the project on time.(你愿意这周末加班吗?我们得按时完成项目。→ 愿意做的动作:work overtime)
4. be weary of对…… 感到厌倦;厌烦……(强调 “因长期劳累或重复接触,对某事 / 某人产生疲惫或反感,程度比 be tired of 稍重”)
After years of dealing with the same problems, she is weary of her job and wants to change careers.(多年处理同样的问题后,她厌倦了这份工作,想转行。→ 对象:job)
He is weary of listening to empty promises—he wants to see real actions instead.(他厌烦了听空洞的承诺,更想看到实际行动。→ 动名词:listening to promises)
5. be wild about对…… 狂热;热衷于……(强调 “对某人 / 事物有强烈的喜爱或兴趣,情绪高涨”)
Teenagers are often wild about pop stars—they collect posters and attend their concerts.(青少年通常对流行明星很狂热,会收集海报、参加演唱会。→ 对象:pop stars)
She is wild about hiking—she goes to the mountains every holiday.(她热衷于徒步,每个假期都去山里。→ 对象:hiking)
6. be wrong about对…… 判断错误;在…… 方面搞错了(强调 “某人的观点、预测或认知与事实不符”)
I was wrong about the meeting time—it’s at 3 PM, not 2 PM.(我把会议时间搞错了,是下午 3 点,不是 2 点。→ 对象:meeting time)
He was wrong about her—she’s not as selfish as he thought; she often helps others secretly.(他对她的判断错了,她不像他想的那么自私,还经常偷偷帮助别人。→ 对象:her)
7. be worthy of值得……;配得上……(强调 “某人 / 事物具有足够的价值或品质,值得被关注、尊重或拥有”,书面语境常用)
This book is worthy of reading—it has deep insights into human nature.(这本书值得一读,对人性有深刻的洞察。→ 动名词:reading)
Her hard work and dedication are worthy of respect—everyone in the team admires her.(她的努力和投入值得尊重,团队里每个人都很敬佩她。→ 名词:respect)
Y
1. be young at① 在…… 方面经验不足;② 在…… 方面心态年轻(前者表 “客观能力短板”,后者表 “主观心态特征”)
He is young at this job—he just started last month, so he needs more guidance.(他做这份工作经验不足,上个月才入职,所以需要更多指导。→ 客观经验不足:job)
My grandmother is 80 years old, but she is young at heart—she loves dancing and traveling.(我奶奶 80 岁了,但心态很年轻,喜欢跳舞和旅行。→ 主观心态:heart)
2. be yearning for渴望……;热切期盼……(强调 “因强烈的情感需求,对某人 / 某物或某种状态有迫切向往”,程度比 “be eager for” 更深,更具情感色彩)
After being away for years, she is yearning for the warmth of her family.(离家多年后,她热切期盼家人的温暖。→ 渴望情感:warmth)
The students are yearning for a break—they’ve been studying for exams nonstop for two weeks.(学生们渴望休息,他们已经连续两周为考试复习没有间断了。→ 渴望状态:break)
3. be yielding to屈服于……;让步于……(强调 “因压力、劝说或客观条件,放弃自己的立场、抵抗,接受对方的要求或某种结果”)
She refused to yield to the pressure from her parents—she insisted on choosing her own major.(她拒绝向父母的压力屈服,坚持要自己选择专业。→ 屈服对象:pressure)
The government finally yielded to public opinion and adjusted the policy.(政府最终让步于民意,调整了政策。→ 让步对象:public opinion)
4. be yellow with① 因……(物质 / 环境)变黄;② 因……(情绪)吓得脸色发黄(前者表 “客观颜色变化”,后者表 “主观情绪导致的面色反应,口语化且略带贬义”)
The leaves are yellow with autumn—they fall down and cover the ground.(树叶因秋天变黄,飘落下来覆盖了地面。→ 客观原因:autumn)
He was yellow with fear when he saw the snake—he couldn’t move at all.(看到蛇时,他吓得脸色发黄,一动也动不了。→ 主观情绪:fear)
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