Unit 1 The secrets of happiness知识点（高频考词+重点短语+重点句子+核心语法） 2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级下册

七年级英语下册 Unit1知识点 一、高频考词 1.exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 单词 含义 修饰对象 例句 exciting 令人兴奋的;使人激动的 事物 It's an exciting trip to the amusement park. excited 感到兴奋的;感到激动的 人 We are excited to meet our favorite singer. 2.forget(v.忘记,遗忘)过去式:forgot;过去分词:forgotten forget to do sth.:忘记要做某事(事情未发生) forget doing sth.:忘记做过某事(事情已发生) 单词 含义 常用搭配 forget 忘记某人/某物/某事 forget sth./sb.;forget to do/doing sth. leave 落下;忘了带(强调物品遗留在某地) leave + 某物 + 地点状语 Don't forget to bring your dictionary to class tomorrow. (明天别忘了带字典来上课。 未做) I forgot meeting our new teacher at the school gate last week. (我忘了上周在学校门口见过新老师。 已做) She often leaves her umbrella in the classroom. (她经常把雨伞落在教室里。 强调地点) 3.choose(v.选择;挑选)过去式:chose;过去分词:chosen choose sth.选择某物 choose to do sth.:选择做某事 choose sb.as...:选某人当…… 名词形式:choice(选择),常用短语 make a choice(做决定) He has to choose between the blue pen and the black pen. (他得在蓝笔和黑笔之间选一个。) My sister chose to learn painting during the summer holiday. (我妹妹选择暑假学画画。) We chose Tom as our class monitor because he is responsible. (我们选汤姆当班长,因为他有责任心。) 4.agree(v.同意;赞成) agree with sb.:同意某人的观点 agree to do sth.:同意做某事 agree on sth.:就某事达成一致 反义词:disagree(不同意) I agree with you—math is not easy but useful. (我同意你的看法,数学不容易但有用。) My father agreed to take me to the science museum this weekend. (爸爸同意这周末带我去科技馆。) They agreed on the plan after a long discussion. (经过长时间讨论,他们就计划达成了一致。) 5.decide(v.决定;决断) decide to do sth.:决定做某事 decide not to do sth.:决定不做某事 名词形式:decision(决定),常用短语 make a decision(做决定) She decided to study hard for the final exam. (她决定为期末考试努力学习。) We decided not to go out because of the heavy rain. (因为大雨,我们决定不出去了。) He made a decision to learn to play the guitar. (他下定决心学弹吉他。) 6.surprised(adj.吃惊的;惊奇的) surprise(v.使惊讶;n.惊讶) in surprise 惊讶地 to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是 surprising(adj.令人惊讶的,修饰事或物) be surprised at sth.(对某事感到惊讶) To our surprise, the little boy solved the difficult problem. (使我们惊讶的是,这个小男孩解出了这道难题。) I was surprised at his quick progress in English. (我对他英语的快速进步感到惊讶。) She looked surprised when she heard the good news. (听到好消息时,她看起来很惊讶。) 7.voice(n.说话声;嗓音) 辨析:voice(人的嗓音)、sound(泛指各种声音)、noise(噪音) She has a sweet voice and sings very well. (她嗓音甜美,唱歌很好听。) I heard a soft voice from the next room. (我听到隔壁房间传来轻柔的说话声。) 8.himself(pron.他自己) 反身代词分类: 第一人称:myself(我自己)、ourselves(我们自己) 第二人称:yourself(你自己)、yourselves(你们自己) 第三人称:himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)、themselves(他们自己) 常用搭配:by himself(独自)、take care of himself(照顾自己) Tom can finish his homework by himself.(汤姆能独自完成作业。) He hurt himself while playing basketball.(他打篮球时伤到了自己。) 9.finally(adv.最后;终于) 同义表达:in the end、at last Finally, we arrived at the destination safely. (最后,我们安全到达了目的地。) She tried many times and finally passed the English test. (她试了很多次,终于通过了英语考试。) 10.fall(v.落下;跌倒;入睡)过去式:fell;过去分词:fallen fall asleep(入睡) fall off (从...摔下来) fall down(跌倒) fall behind(落后) The leaves fall from the trees in autumn. (秋天,树叶从树上落下。) He fell down and hurt his knee. (他摔倒了,伤到了膝盖。) Don't fall behind in your studies. (学习上别落后。) 二、重点短语 1.keep doing sth.(继续做某事;重复做某事) The little girl kept drawing for two hours without rest. (这个小女孩连续画了两个小时的画,没休息。) It kept raining all afternoon, so we couldn't go out. (整个下午一直在下雨,我们没法出去。) 2.go over(仔细检查;复习;仔细考虑) Let's go over the new words we learned today after class. (课后我们复习一下今天学的新单词吧。) Please go over your answers before handing in the test paper. (交试卷前请仔细检查答案。) She went over the travel plan with her family. (她和家人仔细考虑了旅行计划。) 3.be full of(充满;装满) 同义短语:be filled with 拓展:fill...with...(用……装满……,fill 为动词) The classroom is full of students' laughter. (教室里充满了学生们的笑声。) The box is filled with old books. (这个箱子装满了旧书。) She filled the glass with warm water. (她把杯子装满了温水。) 4.to one's surprise(使某人惊讶的是) one's 替换为形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/our/their) To my surprise, my little brother finished his homework alone. (使我惊讶的是,我弟弟自己完成了作业。) To their surprise, the weak boy won the race. (使他们惊讶的是,这个瘦弱的男孩赢得了比赛。) 5.day after day(日复一日;一天天地) 同义短语:day by day He practices playing the piano day after day. (他日复一日地练习弹钢琴。) Day after day, the little plant grew taller. (日复一日,这棵小植物长得越来越高。) 6.take off(脱掉;起飞) 脱掉:搭配衣服、鞋帽等 起飞:主语为飞机、鸟等 It's warm inside—you can take off your coat. (里面很暖和,你可以脱掉外套。) The plane will take off in ten minutes. (飞机十分钟后起飞。) 7.laugh at(嘲笑) It's impolite to laugh at people who make mistakes. (嘲笑犯错的人是不礼貌的。) Nobody laughed at her when she failed—everyone helped her. (她失败时没人嘲笑她,大家都帮她。) 8.put down(放下;记下) 动副短语,宾语为名词:可放中间或后面(put down sth.= put sth.down) 宾语为代词:只能放中间(put it/them down) Please put down your bag on the desk. (请把包放在桌子上。) The box is too heavy—can you put it down? (箱子太重了,你能把它放下吗?) She put down the teacher's phone number. (她记下了老师的电话号码。) 9.fill...with...(用……装满……) fill 后接容器,with 后接填充的物品 My mom filled the basket with fresh fruits. (妈妈把篮子装满了新鲜水果。) The boy filled the bottle with sand. (男孩用沙子把瓶子装满了。) 10.all night long(整夜;通宵) He studied all night long for the math test. (他为了数学考试通宵学习。) The wind blew all night long.(风刮了一整晚。) 三、 课文重点句子讲解 1.Poor in things, rich in love 于物贫瘠,于爱富足 poor 和 rich 这对反义词分别用来形容代表物质的 things 和代表精神的 love,使两者之间差异鲜明。本文通过 Charlie 的故事强调了即使缺乏物质财富,人们依然可以依靠爱的力量过得富有和快乐。 2.I put down Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. 我放下《查理和巧克力工厂》这本书。 《查理和巧克力工厂》是英国儿童文学作家罗尔德 达尔(Roald Dahl)创作的童话,故事讲述了一个名叫 Charlie 的小男孩赢得了参观神秘巧克力工厂的机会。 3.But I kept going over the exciting story in my mind. 脑海中却不断回想着那个激动人心的故事。 (1)keep doing sth 意为“继续做某事,重复做某事”。 You have to keep practising your spoken English if you want to get good at it.如果你想要提升英语口语,就必须坚持练习。 (2)go over sth 在句中可以意为“仔细考虑某事”。 She had gone over and over what happened in her mind.她把发生的事情在心里想了又想。 此外,go over sth 也意为“仔细搜查(检查)某物;重复某事,练习某事”。 Could you go over this report and correct any mistake?你能仔细看一下这个报告并把错误改过来吗? Once again he went over exactly what he needed to say.他把要说的话又一字不差地重复了一遍。 4.In winter, the freezing wind swept across the floor all night long. 冬天的夜里,寒风一阵阵扫过地板。 (1)sweep across 表示“迅速而全面地穿过或扫过”,常用来描述风、雨、火等或者思想、情绪的快速传播。 The storm swept across the town.暴风雨席卷了这个城镇。 Excitement swept across the crowd when the team won the game.当这支队伍获胜时,激动的情绪在人群中迅速传播开来。 (2)all night long 意为“整整一夜”,多用于强调。 He worked all night long!他工作了一整夜! 5.To my surprise, the family were happy together. 使我惊讶的是,他们一家人在一起很快乐。 to one’s surprise 意为“使某人惊讶的是”。 To my surprise,she did well in the meeting.使我惊讶的是,她在会议上表现得很好。 6.Oscar Wilde once said, “Keep love in your heart.A life without it is like a sunless garden...” Oscar Wilde 曾说过:“心中要有爱。生活中没有爱,就像花园没有阳光……” (1)句中使用了比喻的修辞手法,将心比作花园,将爱比作阳光,说明了爱的重要性——如果生活中缺少爱,就会像没有阳光的花园一样死气沉沉。 (2)奥斯卡 王尔德(Oscar Wilde)是 19 世纪末英国最杰出的戏剧家之一,同时他也是一位小说家、诗人。其代表作包括《快乐王子》等。 7.Growing happiness 让幸福生长 该标题使用了比喻的修辞手法,将 happiness 比喻为可以留长的头发,强调幸福其实可以靠自己去追寻和创造,而不仅仅是被动接受。 8.“Just one more month!” he said to himself. 他对自己说:“就再坚持一个月!” say to oneself 意为“对自己说”。 She said to herself,“You can do it.” 她对自己说:“你可以做到的。” 9.People often talked about his long hair behind his back.Sometimes they laughed at him. 人们常常在背后议论他的长发。有时候还会嘲笑他。 (1)behind one’s back 意为“在某人背后,背地里”。 Don’t speak ill of others behind their backs.不要背后说人坏话。 (2)laugh at 意为“嘲笑,取笑”。 You shouldn’t laugh at others’ failures.你不应该嘲笑别人的失败。 10.Day after day, hope grew together with his hair. 日复一日,他的头发渐渐长长,希望也随之增长。 day after day 意为“日复一日,天天地”。 Our team is working hard day after day to ensure the success of this project.为确保这个项目的成功,我们团队日复一日地努力工作。 四、单元核心语法:一般过去时 一般过去时的基本用法 表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:in the past 在过去,yesterday,yesterday morning\afternoon\evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night\week\month\ year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 【一般过去时的基本句式】 句子类型 含系动词 be 含行为动词 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他. 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not +其他. 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他. 一般疑问句肯定回答 否定回答 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他? Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Yes, 主语 + was/were. Yes, 主语 + did. No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. No, 主语 + didn't. 【动词过去式的规则变化】 类别 构成方法 例词与发音 读音规则 一般情况 加-ed play—played offer—offered start—started 清辅音后读/t/,浊辅音和元音后读/d/,/t/和/d/后读/ d/ 以e结尾的动词 加-d like—liked hate—hated live—lived 清辅音后读/t/,浊辅音和元音后读/d/,/t/和/d/后读/ d/ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词 变y为i,再加-ed cry—cried study—studied carry—carried 清辅音后读/t/,浊辅音和元音后读/d/ 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed plan—planned stop—stopped shop—shopped 清辅音后读/t/,浊辅音和元音后读/d/ 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $