内容正文:
冀教英语八上Unit6语法讲解及习题
形容词/副词的比较级与最高级
一、语法定义
比较级用于两者之间的比较,表示“更……”;
最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示“最……”。
它们可以用来描述自然奇观的特征,如长度、宽度、高度等。
二、核心变化规则
(一)规则变化
1. 单音节词和部分双音节词
一般情况:直接加-er(比较级)/-est(最高级)
例:long → longer → longest
单元例句:The Changjiang River is longer than it.
2. 以-e结尾的词:加-r(比较级)/-st(最高级)
例:wide → wider → widest
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词:变y为i,再加-er/-est
例:easy → easier → easiest
4. 重读闭音节(辅+元+辅)结尾:双写末尾辅音字母,再加-er/-est
例:hot → hotter → hottest
(二)多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more(比较级)/most(最高级)
例:amazing → more amazing → most amazing
(三)不规则变化(高频考点)
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
三、语法规则
1. 比较级的常用结构
A + be动词/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B
例:The Changjiang River is longer than the Yellow River.
比较级 + and + 比较级 → “越来越……”
例:The river is getting longer and longer.
2. 最高级的常用结构
A + be动词/实义动词 + the + 最高级 + 表示范围的短语(如in/of/among…)
例:The Nile is the longest river in the world.
one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词 → “最……之一”
例:The Amazon is one of the largest rivers in the world.
3. 比较级表最高级
比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词 → “比其他任何一个都……”(表最高级含义)
例:The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
四、习题
(一)基础层(10题·词形转换+基础填空)
写出下列词的比较级和最高级
1. fast → __________ / __________
2. wide → __________ / __________
3. large → __________ / __________
4. hot → __________ / __________
5. amazing → __________ / __________
用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The Yellow River is __________ (long) than the Thames.
7. Hainan Island is __________ (large) than Taiwan Island.
8. This river is __________ (wide) than that one.
9. The weather in Sanya is __________ (hot) than that in Harbin.
10. The Nile is __________ (long) river in the world.
(二)进阶层(10题·单选+句型转换)
单选
11. The Amazon is __________ river in the world in terms of water volume.
A. larger B. the largest C. largest
12. Mount Qomolangma is __________ than any other mountain.
A. higher B. highest C. the highest
13. The river is getting __________ because of the heavy rain.
A. wide and wide B. wider and wider C. widest and widest
14. This is __________ amazing natural wonder I have ever seen.
A. more B. the most C. most
15. The Yellow River is __________ than the Changjiang River, but it is important to us.
A. short B. shorter C. shortest
句型转换(改为比较级/最高级句型)
16. The Nile is long. The Amazon is long, too.(合并为比较级)
The Nile is __________ __________ the Amazon.
17. The Changjiang River is long in China.(改为最高级)
The Changjiang River is __________ __________ river in China.
18. This waterfall is high. That waterfall is higher.(合并为比较级)
That waterfall is __________ __________ this one.
19. The lake is big.(改为“越来越大”)
The lake is getting __________ __________ __________.
20. The mountain is high. It is the highest in the area.(合并为最高级)
This mountain is __________ __________ in the area.
(三)综合层(10题·短文填空+语境运用)
短文填空(用所给词的适当形式)
The world has many __________ (21. amazing) natural wonders. The Nile is __________ (22. long) river in the world, while the Amazon is __________ (23. large) in water volume. Angel Falls is __________ (24. high) waterfall, with a height of 979 metres. Mount Qomolangma is __________ (25. tall) peak on Earth. The Yellow River is __________ (26. short) than the Changjiang River, but it is __________ (27. important) to Chinese culture. These wonders are __________ (28. beautiful) than we imagine, and they are getting __________ (29. popular) among tourists. Protecting them is __________ (30. important) thing we can do.
语境运用(选择合适的比较级/最高级完成句子)
(可选词:longer, highest, most amazing, wider, hottest)
31. The Sahara is one of the __________ deserts in the world.
32. The Grand Canyon is __________ than the ordinary canyons in the US.
33. The Yangtze is __________ than the Yellow River.
34. The peak of Mount Fuji is not the __________ in Japan, but it is famous.
35. This river becomes __________ in the rainy season.
五、习题答案及解析
(一)基础层答案及解析
1. faster; fastest(单音节词,直接加-er/-est)
2. wider; widest(以-e结尾,加-r/-st)
3. larger; largest(以-e结尾,加-r/-st)
4. hotter; hottest(重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音加-er/-est)
5. more amazing; most amazing(多音节词,加more/most)
6. longer(两者比较,用比较级)
7. larger(两者比较,用比较级)
8. wider(两者比较,用比较级)
9. hotter(两者比较,用比较级)
10. the longest(三者以上比较,用最高级,加the)
(二)进阶层答案及解析
11. B(in the world表范围,用最高级,加the)
12. A(than any other表比较,用比较级)
13. B(“越来越宽”用wider and wider)
14. B(I have ever seen表范围,用最高级)
15. B(than表比较,用比较级)
16. as long as(原级比较,“和……一样长”)
17. the longest(in China表范围,用最高级)
18. higher than(两者比较,用比较级+than)
19. bigger and bigger(“越来越大”)
20. the highest(in the area表范围,用最高级)
(三)综合层答案及解析
短文填空
21. amazing(many修饰原级形容词)
22. the longest(in the world表范围,用最高级)
23. the largest(in water volume表范围,用最高级)
24. the highest(独一无二的瀑布,用最高级)
25. the tallest(on Earth表范围,用最高级)
26. shorter(than表比较,用比较级)
27. more important(多音节词,比较级加more)
28. more beautiful(than表比较,用比较级)
29. more and more popular(“越来越受欢迎”)
30. the most important(最高级,加the)
语境运用
31. hottest(one of + 最高级,结合常识撒哈拉是最热沙漠之一)
32. more amazing(than表两者比较,用比较级,贴合可选词,修正原句语法逻辑)
33. longer(两者比较,长江比黄河长)
34. highest(定冠词the后接最高级,表“最高的”)
35. wider(雨季河流变宽,用比较级)
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