内容正文:
形容词
副词
和
目录
01
形容词
03
特殊形式
02
副词
04
总结练习
形容词
You are shameless.
你无耻。
You are unreasonable.
你无理取闹。
You are heartless.
你无情。
heartless
shameless
unreasonable
形容词是修饰名词/代词,表人或事物性质、状态、特征的词,作定语(名前/不定代后)或表语(系动词后)。
形容词的基本用法
1. 作定语:修饰名词,放名词前(a red pen);修饰不定代词放后面(something new)
2. 作表语:跟在be/look/feel等系动词后(She is happy;The soup smells nice)
3. 作宾补:补充说明宾语状态(Keep the room clean;I find her kind)
4.the+形容词 :某一类人(the poor)
形容词修饰名词排序
1. 限定词(the/my/three)
2. 观点(beautiful/nice)
3. 形状(round/tall)
4. 年龄(old/young)
5. 颜色(red/black)
6. 国籍(Chinese/English)
7. 材料(wooden/cotton)
口诀:限观形龄色国材
a _________ _____ __________ _______ desk
一张漂亮的老式中国木制桌子
beautiful
old
Chinese
wooden
形容词作后置定语
形容词后置定语=形容词放名词/代词后修饰
1. 修饰不定代词(something/anything/nothing等):something important(重要的事)、nothing new(没新鲜事)
2. 部分形容词固定后置(常表状态):present(在场的)、absent(缺席的)、alive(活着的),the people present(在场的人)、man alive(活人)
3. 形容词短语(带介词/不定式):a girl good at English(擅长英语的女孩)、a room easy to clean(易打扫的房间)
形容词短语作定语
形容词短语作定语,必须后置,修饰名词.
1. 形容词+介词短语:a student good at math(擅长数学的学生)、a book full of stories(满是故事的书)
2. 形容词+不定式短语:a task easy to finish(易完成的任务)、a place nice to visit(好逛的地方)
3. 形容词+副词短语:a man polite in public(在公共场合有礼貌的人)、a girl happy all day(整天开心的女孩)
关键:单个形容词前置,短语太长就后置,不改变修饰关系。
形容词作表语
1. 基础系动词:be(am/is/are/was/were)
例:She is happy. / The sky is blue.
2. 感官系动词:look/feel/smell/taste/sound
例:The cake tastes sweet. / You look tired.
3. 变化类系动词:become/get/turn/grow
例:He gets angry easily. / Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
跟在系动词后,表主语性质/状态
核心结构:主语 + 系动词 + 形容词(表语)
只作表语不作定语的一些形容词
asleep(睡着的)
afraid(害怕的)
awake(醒着的)
well(健康的)
alone(独自的)
alive(活着的)
ashamed(羞愧的)
alike(相像的)
形容词作宾语补足语
结构:主语+谓语+宾语+形容词(补充宾语状态)
高频动词:make/keep/find/leave/see/think等
I keep the room clean.(我保持房间干净)
She makes me happy.(她让我开心)
We find the task easy.(我们发现任务简单)
The + 形容词
1. 表一类人(复数含义,谓语用复数)
例:the old(老人)、the poor(穷人)、the young(年轻人)
造句:The young should respect the old.
2. 表一类事物/抽象概念(单数含义,谓语用单数)
例:the unknown(未知事物)、the beautiful(美好事物)、the new(新事物)
造句:We should explore the unknown.
3. 固定搭配(表身体部位/特定群体)
例:the sick(病人)、the deaf(聋人)、the blind(盲人)
形容词构词法
• -ful(充满…):care→careful;help→helpful
• -less(无…):care→careless;hope→hopeless
• -y(多…/似…):rain→rainy;sun→sunny
• -ous(具有…):danger→dangerous;fame→famous
• -al(与…相关):nation→national;education→educational
• -ible/-able(可…):access→accessible;eat→eatable
1. 名词+后缀
2. 动词+后缀
• -ing(令人…):excite→exciting;interest→interesting
• -ed(感到…):excite→excited;interest→interested
• -able(可被…):break→breakable;read→readable
3. 副词+后缀
• -ish(略带…):slow→slowish;red→reddish
• -ly(…的):friend→friendly(特例);lovely
4. 数词+后缀
• -teen(十几):four→fourteen;six→sixteen
• -ty(几十):six→sixty;nine→ninety
• -th(序数词):five→fifth;twelve→twelfth
5. 词根词缀(前缀)
• un-(否定):happy→unhappy;lucky→unlucky
• in-/im-(否定):possible→impossible;active→inactive
• re-(再/又):new→renew
• multi-(多):color→multicolor
6. 复合形容词(合成)
• 名词+形容词:snow-white;world-famous
• 形容词+形容词:dark-blue;light-green
• 名词+现在分词:peace-loving;time-saving
• 形容词+名词+ed:kind-hearted;cold-blooded
ed vs ing形容词
-ed形容词:人感到…的(主语是人,表主观感受)
-ing形容词:令人…的(主语是物/事,表客观属性)
excited(兴奋的)→ exciting(令人兴奋的)
surprised(惊讶的)→ surprising(令人惊讶的)
bored(无聊的)→ boring(令人无聊的)
tired(疲惫的)→ tiring(令人疲惫的)
interested(感兴趣的)→ interesting(有趣的)
frightened(害怕的)→ frightening(吓人的)
例句
1. I'm excited about the trip.(我兴奋,-ed)
2. The trip is exciting.(旅途令人兴奋,-ing)
3. She felt bored in class.(她觉得无聊,-ed)
4. The class is so boring.(课很无聊,-ing)
副词
副词修饰动词/形容词/其他副词/整句,表动作方式、程度、时间、地点等,作状语。
副词修饰动词
1. 位置:动后最常见,也可句首/句末
动后:He runs fast. / She sings beautifully.
句首:Suddenly, it rained.
句末:I will go there tomorrow.
2. 核心作用:表动作的方式、时间、地点、频率等
◦ 方式:walk slowly(慢走) 频率:often go(常去)
副词修饰形容词
位置:副词放形容词前(程度副最常用)
作用:加强/减弱形容词的程度
常考副词:very/quite/so/rather/really/extremely
very tall(很高)
so beautiful(真漂亮)
quite easy(挺简单)
really happy(超开心)
副词修饰名词
1. 表程度/范围的副词(only/just/even/merely等),放名词前表限定
例:only one student(只有1个学生)、just a book(就一本书)
2. 地点/时间副词放名词后,表位置/时间
例:people here(这儿的人)、the meeting yesterday(昨天的会议)
副词修饰副词
位置:前副修饰后副,多放前面
常用副词:very/quite/rather/too/so等(表程度)
1. She runs very fast.(very修饰fast,表快的程度)
2. He speaks quite fluently.(quite修饰fluently,表流利程度)
3. They work too slowly.(too修饰slowly,表慢得过分)
副词的成分
1. 修饰动词→状语:He runs fast.(方式状语)
2. 修饰形容词→状语:She is very happy.(程度状语)
3. 修饰副词→状语:Speak quite slowly.(程度状语)
4. 修饰整句→状语:Luckily, we won.(评注状语)
副词的分类
1. 方式副词(最常用):表动作方式,多以ly结尾
例:quickly、slowly、carefully、well → He writes carefully.
2. 程度副词:表程度,修饰形/副/动
例:very、quite、so、too、really → It’s very cold.
3. 频率副词:表动作频率
1. always 总是(100%)
2. usually 通常(80%)
3. often 经常(60%)
4. sometimes 有时(40%)
5. seldom 很少(20%)
6. hardly ever 几乎不(5%)
7. never 从不(0%)
4. 时间副词:表时间
例:now、today、yesterday、soon、already → I will go soon.
5. 地点副词:表地点/方向
例:here、there、up、down、out → They are playing outside.
6. 评注副词:修饰整句,表语气/态度
例:luckily、suddenly、finally、obviously → Luckily, we won.
副词的特殊形式
late(迟)→lately(近来);
high(高)→highly(高度地)
wide(宽阔地)→widely(广泛地);
deep(深)→deeply(深深地)
复合副词(合成,表地点/方式)
• 地点:here→everywhere、somewhere;there→nowhere
• 方式:maybe、however、therefore、moreover
Enough的用法
1. 作形容词:修饰名词
表示“足够的、充足的”,通常放在名词前面。
• 结构:enough + 名词
• 例句:I have enough money to buy a new phone. (我有足够的钱买一部新手机。)
2. 作副词:修饰形容词或副词
表示“足够地、十分”,必须放在形容词或副词后面。
• 结构:形容词/副词 + enough
• 例句:He is tall enough to reach the shelf. (他足够高,能够到架子。)
• 例句:She runs fast enough to win the race. (她跑得足够快,能赢得比赛。)
3. 作代词:代替数量
直接指代“足够的东西/数量”,后面不接名词。
• 结构:enough (of)
• 例句:I've had enough. (我已经受够了。)
• 例句:Is there enough of the cake for everyone? (蛋糕够每个人分吗?)
1. The girl sings ______ and her voice sounds ______.
A. beautiful; beautiful B. beautifully; beautifully
C. beautifully; beautiful D. beautiful; beautifully
2. —Is this problem ______? —Yes, I can work it out ______.
A. easy; easy B. easy; easily C. easily; easy D. easily; easily
3. He is ______ to go to school alone.
A. old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. enough young
4. She is ______ than any other student in her class.
A. more careful B. carefuler C. more carefully D. carefully
5. ______ he is, he never gives up.
A. Poor B. Poorly C. As poor D. Poor as
6. The ______ (injure) were sent to the hospital at once.
A. injure B. injured C. injuring D. injury
7. He speaks English ______ well that everyone admires him.
A. very B. so C. such D. too
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