内容正文:
Unit 2 No Rules,No Order
Section A What rules do we follow?
一、名词 (n.)
1. rule /ruːl/n. 规则;规章 v.统治
→ruler n. 尺子;统治者
常考搭配:follow the rules 遵守规则;break the rules 违反规则
例句:We must obey the school rules.
2. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/n. 秩序;命令v. 点菜;命令
常考搭配:keep order 维持秩序;in order 按顺序
order sth. for sb. 为某人点某物;order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
例句:He ordered a spaghetti and a glass of wine.
例句:The teacher asked us to keep order in the classroom.
2. hallway /ˈhɔːlweɪ/n. 走廊
例句:Don’t run in the hallway.
3. uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/n. 校服;制服
常考搭配:wear a uniform 穿校服;school uniform 校服
例句:We have to wear our uniform every day.
4. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/n. 垃圾 v.乱扔垃圾
常考搭配:no littering 禁止乱扔垃圾;pick up litter 捡垃圾
例句:Please put the litter in the bin. It’s bad to litter in public places.
5. respect /rɪˈspekt/n. 尊敬v. 尊敬
常考搭配:show respect for sb. 尊敬某人 respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊敬某人
例句:We all respect him for his honesty.
例句:We should show respect to our teachers.
6. jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/n. 夹克衫;短上衣
例句:He wears a warm jacket in the cold weather.
7. sweet /swiːt/n. 糖果adj. 甜的
→sweetly adv. 甜美地
常考搭配:a bag of sweets 一袋糖果
例句:The cake tastes very sweet.
例句:Children love eating sweets.
8. snack /snæk/n. 点心;小吃
常考搭配:snack bar 小吃店;have a snack 吃点心
例句:I had a snack before going to bed.
9. queue /kjuː/n. 队
常考搭配:wait in a queue 排队等候;jump the queue 插队
例句:Please stand in the queue and wait for your turn.
10. belt /belt/n. 安全带;腰带;皮带
常考搭配:put on your seat belt 系好你的安全带;fasten your belt 系好安全带
例句:You must wear your seat belt when driving.
11. noise /nɔɪz/n. 声音;噪声
→noisy adj. 吵闹的;
常考搭配:make noise 制造噪音;
例句:Don’t make any noise in the library.
二、动词 (v.)
1. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/v. 遵循;跟随
→follower n. 追随者;following adj. 接下来的;下列的
常考搭配:follow the rules 遵守规则;follow sb. to sp. 跟随某人去某地
例句:Please follow me to the meeting room.
2.arrive /əˈraɪv/v. 到达
常考搭配:arrive in + 大地点;arrive at + 小地点
例句:We arrived in Beijing at 8 o’clock.
3. treat /triːt/v. 对待;招待;治疗n. 款待
常考搭配:treat sb. with kindness 善待某人;treat sb. to sth. 招待某人吃某物
give sb. a treat 款待某人
例句:The doctor treated his illness carefully.
4.lend /lend/v. 借给;借出
常考搭配:lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
例句:Can you lend me your pen?
5.feed /fiːd/v. 喂养;饲养
常考搭配:feed sb. /sth. on sth. 用某物喂养某人 / 某物;feed on 以…… 为食
例句:She feeds her cat twice a day.
6. leave /liːv/v. 离开;留下
常考搭配:leave for sp. 动身去某地;leave sth. sp. 把某物落在某地
例句:He left the office at 5 p.m.
三、形容词 (adj.)
1. polite /pəˈlaɪt/adj. 有礼貌的
→politely adv. 有礼貌地;impolite adj. 不礼貌的
常考搭配:be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌
例句:It’s polite to say “thank you” when you receive a gift.
2. mobile /ˈməʊbaɪl/adj. 可移动的
常考搭配:mobile phone 手机;mobile shop 流动商店
例句:She uses a mobile phone to keep in touch with her friends.
3. absent /ˈæbsənt/adj. 缺席的;不在的
→absence n. 缺席
常考搭配:be absent from 缺席;不在
例句:He was absent from school because he was ill.
四、副词 (adv.)
1. quietly /ˈkwaɪətli/adv. 轻声地;安静地
→quiet adj. 安静的
常考搭配:talk quietly 轻声说话;leave quietly 悄悄离开
例句:Please speak quietly in the hospital.
五、代词 (pron.)
1. everything /ˈevriθɪŋ/pron. 每件事;一切
常考搭配:everything is ready 一切就绪;everything goes well 一切顺利
例句:Everything is going well with my new job.
六、连词 (conj.)
1. if /ɪf/conj. 如果
七、感叹词 (interj.)
1.shh /ʃ/ (= sh) interj. 嘘(用以让别人安静下来)
例句:Shh, be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
八、短语
1.be late for 迟到
例句:Don’t be late for class.
2. on time 准时 in time 及时
例句:Please arrive on time for the meeting.
3.have to 不得不
例句:I have to finish my homework before watching TV.
4.of course 当然
例句:—Can I use your pen? —Of course.
5.turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气) turn on 打开
例句:Please turn off the lights when you leave.
6.jump the queue 插队
例句:It’s impolite to jump the queue.
7.be absent from 缺席;不在
例句:He was absent from the meeting because he was sick.
Grammar Focus 语法精讲
Ⅰ. 祈使句
肯定结构
Do 型,即以行为动词原形开头。如:Put away your things. 收好你的物品。
Let 型:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮助你。
Be 型,即以 be 动词开头。如:Be polite to the old. 对老人要有礼貌。
否定结构
Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他。如:Don’t stand up, please! 请不要站起来!
Don’t+let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。/Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其他。
如:Don’t let her go./Let her not go. 不要让她走。
No + 名词 / 动名词。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
Ⅱ. 情态动词 can
用法
表示能力。如:I can speak English. 我会说英语。
表示许可。如:He can watch TV now. 他现在可以看电视。
表示请求。如:Can I have a glass of water? 我能要一杯水吗?
句型
肯定句:主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他。
如:You can leave early. 你可以早点走。
否定句:主语 + cannot/can’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
如:We can’t eat in class. 我们不能在课堂上吃东西。
一般疑问句:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
如:Can you tell me the rules? 你能告诉我规则吗?
Ⅲ. must 与 have to 辨析
两者都表示 “必须”,must 强调说话者的主观意愿。
如:I must go now, or I will be late. 我必须现在就走,否则我就要迟到了。
have to 强调客观需要,意为 “不得不”。
如:It’s too late. I have to take a taxi. 太晚了,我不得不乘坐出租车。
must 无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
如:I/We/You/They must work hard. 我 / 我们 / 你 (们)/ 他们必须努力工作。
have to 可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化。
如:She has to wear a uniform at school. 她在学校必须穿校服。
两者的否定形式含义不同:
mustn’t 表示 “不准;禁止”。
如:You mustn’t swim in the river. 你 (们) 不准在河里游泳。
don’t have to 表示 “不必”。
如:You don’t have to wear school uniforms at weekends. 周末你 (们) 不必穿校服。
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