2026年高三英语二轮复习之语法名词 导学案

语法复习之名词 考点一、名词单数变复数规则变化 种类 变化 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s book--books, pen--pens 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾 词尾加-es bus--buses，bench--benches， box--boxes，dish--dishes， 但stomach例外，其后直接加-s 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i后加-es family--families，city--cities 以“元音字母＋y”结尾 词尾加-s key--keys，boy--boys 以-f或-fe结尾 多数变f或fe 为v后加-es leaf--leaves， life--lives, knife--knives 少数词尾加-s chief--chiefs, roof--roofs, belief--beliefs 口诀1：妻子(wives)持刀(knives)去宰狼(wolves)，小偷(thieves)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelves)后保己(selves)命(lives)，半(halves)片树叶(leaves)遮目光 口诀2：首领（chiefs）和厨师（chefs）相信(beliefs)证据(proofs)在海湾（gulfs）边的悬崖(cliffs)顶(roofs)的保险箱里（safes) 以字母-o结尾 多数词尾加-s photo--photos, kilo--kilos, piano--pianos 词尾加-es hero--heroes, potato--potatoes， tomato--tomatoes 口诀：英雄(hero)黑人(negro)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato) 考点二、名词单数变复数不规则变化 1. 改变词中元音字母 woman—women, goose—geese，man—men，foot—feet，tooth—teeth （注意变化例外的词： human-humans, German-Germans) 2. 其他: child—children, bacterium—bacteria，crisis—crises，ox—oxen， phenomenon—phenomena, medium—media, criterion —criteria, basis—bases, analysis—analyses, mouse—mice 3. 合成名词变为复数的规则 (1) 有主体名词的合成名词变为复数，只需将主体名词变为复数形式即可 如: looker-on--lookers-on, passer-by--passers-by, story-teller-story-tellers等。 (2) 无主体名词的合成名词变为复数，需要在名词末尾处加s 如: go-betweens、grown－ups等。 考点三、只有复数形式的名词 (1) 此类名词总是以复数形式出现，如belongings所有物， congratulations祝贺， contents目录， earnings收入， fireworks烟火， goods商品， leavings剩余物， thanks感谢， wishes祝愿， greetings祝词， manners礼貌，instructions用法说明， directions用法说明， papers文件， spirits情绪， savings存款， stairs楼梯， surroundings环境， wages工资等。 (2) 在固定短语中，一些名词只用复数形式 如: take turns to do sth轮流做某事，in high spirits兴高采烈，make friends with 与……交朋友 shake hands with与……握手， make preparations for为……做准备， make ends meet使收支仅能相抵， take pains to do sth费力地做某事等。 [注意] (1) 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如maths，politics，physics等学科名词。 news 为不可数名词。 (2)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名，也可视为单数。 考点四、不可数名词 1　抽象名词具体化 抽象名词的具体化: 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用 抽象名词 具体化 success a success一个(件)成功的人或事 failure a failure一个(件)失败的人或事 surprise a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情 pleasure a pleasure一件乐事 honour an honour一个(件)引以为荣的人或事 comfort a comfort一个令人感到安慰的人或事物 2　名词与数量词的搭配 数量词 其后所加名词类别 a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number of, hundreds of, dozens/scores of 可数名词 a (little), a great deal of, a large amount of, much 不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, enough, masses of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, a supply of, some 可数/不可数名词 考点五、名词所有格 (1) 表示有生命的东西或时间、距离等的名词常在词尾加－'s 如：Children's Day儿童节 a twenty minutes' walk二十分钟的步行路程 (2) 以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加' 如：Teachers' Day教师节， the workers' struggle工人的斗争。 (3) 有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词在词尾加's 如：today's newspaper今天的报纸，ten minutes' break十分钟的休息 (4) 无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用介词of短语来表示所属关系 如：the capital of our country我们国家的首都，a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 (5) 表示住宅、诊所、医院等时，名词所有格修饰的中心词往往省略 如：at the doctor's在诊所，at my sister's在我姐姐/妹妹的家，at the barber's 在理发店 考点六、动词或形容词转换成名词 1：动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ －ation correct--correction改正 celebrate--celebration庆祝 conclude--conclusion结论；结束 discuss--discussion讨论； admit--admission承认；准许加入 permit--permission允许，许可 invite--invitation邀请 explain--explanation解释 －er/ －or sail--sailor海员，水手 drive--driver司机；驾驶员 announce--announcer广播员 conduct--conductor指挥；售票员 －ment achieve--achievement成就 equip --equipment装备；设备 argue--argument辩论；论据 treat--treatment对待；治疗 －ance/ －ence appear--appearance出现；外貌 guide--guidance指引；指导 perform--performance表演；表现 exist--existence存在；生存 prefer--preference偏爱 refer--reference参考，查阅 －ure/ －ture fail--failure失败；倒闭 press--pressure压力 depart--departure离开；出发 mix--mixture混合(物) －ing hear--hearing听力，听觉 begin--beginning开始 －y recover--recovery恢复 discover--discovery发现 2：形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short--shortage 短缺 percent--percentage 百分比 －cy efficient--efficiency效率 fluent--fluency流利 accurate--accuracy准确性 private--privacy隐私 －dom free--freedom自由 wise--wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different--difference差异 evident --evidence 证据 －ness weak--weakness虚弱；弱点 thick--thickness厚度 kind--kindness仁慈，友好 careless--carelessness粗心大意 －th strong--strength力气；优势 warm--warmth温暖；热情 －y/－ty/－ity safe--safety安全 disable--disability缺陷；伤残 responsible--responsibility责任 honest--honesty诚实 练一练 1. The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________(parent) love for their children. 2. To let us know more about your hometown, can you give a ________(describe) of it? 3. Then there was an ________ (explode) of bright colors and lively music, and the group jumped into action. 4. They were due to pay the balance on ________ (deliver). 5. At a ________ (tailor) shop nearby, he witnessed a debate on the fashion. 6. On a recent day, ________(passer-by) debated whether to feed them carrots. 7. I am writing this e-mail to send my ________________(congratulate) to you on your victory. 8．___________ (curious) is not always good. Most smokers start smoking out of it. 9．___________ (prefer) tends to be given to candidates who exhibit outstanding leadership in the science of astronomy. 10．The flood victims have received both sympathy and ___________ (assist) from the international community during the flood season. 11．The ___________ (propose) you came up with yesterday was highly appreciated. 12．Your insight, kindness, courage, and___________ (generous) make this site what it is. 13．The government has taken ___________ (measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods. 14．The health___________ (secure) systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation. 15．Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is gaining more __ __(accept) around the world. 16．You'll hear these ___________ (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 17．The trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt has had some unintended side ___________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease. 18．The ___________ (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 19．Nowadays so many ___________ (medium) are used in our daily life such as films, TV, the radio and books. 20．The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative ___________ (explain) are hard to find. 21．Some sports can be hard on the body and young athletes can suffer serious ___________ (injury) that follow them into adulthood. 22. The harmful effects that smog can have on people's health are one of the top ___________ (concern) of those who live in some cities. 23．The competition for entry to these projects is keen, and applicants need above－average grades to gain ___________ (admit). 24．Children have a natural ___________ (curious) about the world around them and they tend to keep asking questions about it. 25．Due to the ___________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage. 26．For decades, he provided both the young and the old with adventure，confidence，strength, ___________ (inspire), friendship and joy. 27．Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ___________ (assume) you've made. 28．The health security systems of many countries are undergoing a dramatic ____________ (transform). 29．At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 30．(2025.1·浙江全国Ⅰ卷) Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ________(solve) to one－time event dressing. 31．(2025.1·浙江全国Ⅰ卷) “I really want to make this work for ________(people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend.”she says. 32．(2025·八省联考) As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard－working people, its development through ________(innovate), and its inclusiveness. 33．(2024·新全国Ⅰ卷) These plants included modern Western ________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 34.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 35.（2026浙江卷1月）One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green __________(number) together. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stamp collecting has emerged as a fresh and innovative approach for young people to document their travels. Instead of ____1____ (mere) taking photos with famous landmarks, ____2_____(enthusiast) of this new trend eagerly explore every corner of various attractions, museums, and shops during their journeys in search ____3____ various stamps. They imprint the stamps, usually with single or multicolored pictures of the scenic spots or images of famous people on postcards or in travel journals, thus_____4___ (create) a unique memory of their travels. Free or paid, each stamp serves as a representation of the visitor's____5____ (present) at that specific location, becoming a ___6_____ (cherish) part of their memories. Shi Junchu, 29, from Yunnan Province, came across stamp collecting three years ago while travelling in Wuhan, Hubei Province. She finds it to be a better way of commemorating her travels ___7_____ purchasing souvenirs, so she carries a specially prepared notebook for collecting stamps whenever she travels. “Stamp collecting has added more meaning to my travels. Turning the pages of those notebooks ___8_____ (feel) somewhat like looking at photos. I can recall ___9_____ happened back then just by turning to a page—what delicious food I had, and what fun experiences I enjoyed，” she said. She currently operates a private museum in Kunming. Since last October, she has also introduced stamp－collecting services ___10_____ (encourage) more visitors to explore the museum. 答案： 1.parents’ 2. description 3. explosion 4. delivery 5. tailor’s 6. passers-by 7. congratulations 8. Curiosity 9. Preference 10. assistance 11. proposal 12. generosity 13. measures 14. security 15. acceptance 16. participants' 17. effects 18. possibility 19. media 20. explanations 21.injuries 22. concerns 23. admission 24. curiosity 25. application 26. inspiration 27. assumption 28. transformation 29. accuracy 30. solution 31. people’s 32. innovation 33. favourites 34 representative 35. numbers 语法填空 1．merely　考查副词。句意：这种新潮流的爱好者不只是和著名的地标拍照，而是在旅途中热切地探索各个景点、博物馆和商店的每一个角落，寻找各种印章。修饰动词taking，需用副词merely，作状语。故填merely。 2．enthusiasts　考查名词的数。句意同上。空处需填名词作主语，enthusiast是可数名词，此处表泛指，且其前无限定词，因此应用其复数形式。故填enthusiasts。 3．of　考查介词。句意同第1题。in search of为固定搭配，意为“寻找”。故填of。 4．creating　考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把印章印在明信片或旅行日志上，通常是风景名胜或名人的单色或多色照片，从而创造出一种独特的旅行记忆。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为imprint，因此空处为非谓语动词，在这里作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填creating。 5．presence　考查名词。句意：无论免费还是付费，每个印章都代表了游客在那个特定地点的存在，成为他们记忆中珍贵的一部分。visitor's为名词所有格，修饰名词。故填presence。 6．cherished　考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词part，需用形容词cherished，作定语。故填cherished。 7．than　考查介词。句意：她发现这是一种比购买纪念品更好的纪念旅行的方式，所以她每次旅行都带着一个专门准备的笔记本，用来收集印章。根据上文的“better”可知，此处应填比较级的标志词than。故填than。 8．feels　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：翻动那些笔记本页面的感觉有点像在看照片。此处陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，此处为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填feels。 9．what　考查宾语从句。句意：只要翻开一页，就能回忆起当时发生的事情，我吃过什么美味的食物和享受过什么有趣的经历。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 10．to encourage　考查非谓语动词。句意：自去年十月起，她还推出了集章服务，以鼓励更多游客来探索博物馆。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，表示目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to encourage。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $