内容正文:
译林英语八上 Unit 8
语法+Word Power 精讲+优化习题(附答案解析)
一、语法:过去进行时(Past continuous tense)
1. 核心用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,强调动作在过去某一时间点“正在发生”。
常搭配的时间状语:at 8 o'clock last night(昨晚8点)、this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、at that moment(在那一刻);也可与when/while/as引导的时间状语从句连用。
2. 句型结构
形式
结构
例句
肯定句
was/were + 动词-ing
I was reading at 8 last night.
(昨晚8点我正在看书)
否定句
was/were + not + 动词-ing
We were not shopping at this time yesterday.
(昨天这个时候我们没在购物)
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing
Were you watching TV at 9 last night?(昨晚9点你在看电视吗?)
3. 时间连词 when/while/as 的用法(重点区分)
连词
核心用法
例句
when
可指“某一点时间”或“一段时间”;从句动词可是瞬间性(短动作)或延续性(长动作)
Millie was watching TV when lightning hit a nearby building.
(米莉正在看电视,这时闪电击中了附近的大楼)
while
仅指“一段时间”;从句动词必须是延续性(长动作),常与进行时连用
We were watching in fear while the firemen were putting out the fire.
(消防员灭火时,我们惊恐地看着)
as
强调两个动作“同时发生”,可译为“一边……一边……”;从句动词多为延续性
She was singing as she walked home.(她一边走回家,一边唱歌)
关键总结:长动作(进行时)+ 短动作(一般过去时),用when连接;两个长动作同时进行,用while/as连接。
二、Word Power 专题:复合词(Compound words)
1. 核心构词方式
复合词是将两个独立的单词组合在一起,构成一个新的单词,新单词的含义通常与两个原单词的含义相关联。本单元重点复合词类型及示例如下:
2. 常见类型及示例
构词类型
示例
含义
名词 + 名词
thunderstorm, teamwork, snowball, policeman, headache
thunderstorm(雷暴)、headache(头痛)
动词 + 名词
passport, playground, postcard, airport
postcard(明信片)、airport(机场)
其他类型
sometimes, weekend, countryside, something
weekend(周末)、countryside(乡村)
3. 易错提醒
部分复合词拼写易出错,重点记忆:headache(勿写为headach)、airport(勿写为airpot)、postcard(勿漏写c)、policeman(名词+名词直接组合)。
三、优化习题(共30题 )
第一部分:基础过关题(12题)
题型1:过去进行时填空(6题)
1. We ______________(go) home from school when the accident happened.
2. I ______________(ride) my bike home when I saw the accident.
3. It ______________(rain) when the police arrived.
4. He ______________(read) the newspaper when the snowstorm got stronger.
5. The wind ______________(blow) hard all morning yesterday.
6. My parents ______________(get) dinner ready when I got home.
题型2:复合词填空(4题)
7. A ______________(police + man) came to help us.
8. I have a ______________(head + ache) because I stayed up late.
We went to the ______________(air + port) to meet my uncle.
10. There was a big ______________(thunder + storm) last night.
题型3:句型转换(2题)
11. They were watching TV at 8 last night.(改为否定句)
They ________________________ watching TV at 8 last night.
12. I was reading a book when he came in.(对划线部分提问)
__________ ______________you ______________when he came in?
第二部分:能力提升题(13题)
题型1:单项选择
13. I ______________TV when the phone rang.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
14. While I ______________my homework, my mother ______________dinner.
A. did; cooked B. was doing; cooked C. did; was cooking D. was doing; was cooking
15. ______________he was walking in the park, he saw a bird.
A. When B. While C. As D. All of the above
16. They ______________not ______________football at this time yesterday.
A. was; playing B. were; playing C. was; play D. were; play
17. A ______________is a person who works in the police station.
A. policewoman B. policeman C. police D. A and B
18. It was ______________heavily when we arrived.
A. rain B. raining C. rained D. rains
19. ______________were you doing when the accident happened?
A. What B. When C. Where D. Who
20. While they ______________the fire, we ______________in fear.
A. put out; watched B. were putting out; watched C. put out; were watching D. were putting out; were watching
21. He ______________a book when I called him.
A. read B. was reading C. reads D. is reading
题型2:句型转换(4题)
22. He was playing football.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ ______________playing football?
23. It was raining heavily.(改为感叹句)
__________ ______________it was raining!
24. While I was walking, I saw a cat.(改为同义句)
I saw a cat ______________I ______________walking.
25. The wind was blowing hard.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ the wind ______________hard?
第三部分:拓展拔高题
阅读短文,用括号内单词的正确形式填空(26-30题):
When I got up yesterday morning, it ______________(snow) heavily. The wind ______________(blow) hard. I made a ______________(snow + ball) and played with my friends. While we ______________(play) outside, my mother ______________(cook) hot jiaozi for us.
四、答案与详细解析
第一部分:基础过关题答案与解析
题型1:过去进行时填空
1. 答案:were going
解析:when引导的时间状语从句中,happen(发生)是瞬间性动词(短动作),用一般过去时;主句“回家”是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作(长动作),用过去进行时。主语we是复数,be动词用were,go的-ing形式是going。
2. 答案:was riding
解析:when从句中saw(看见)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“骑自行车”是当时正在进行的长动作,用过去进行时。主语I是单数,be动词用was,ride的-ing形式是riding。
3. 答案:was raining
解析:when从句中arrived(到达)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“下雨”是当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。主语it是单数,be动词用was,rain的-ing形式是raining。
4. 答案:was reading
解析:when从句中got stronger(变强)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“看报纸”是当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。主语he是单数,be动词用was,read的-ing形式是reading。
5. 答案:was blowing
解析:时间状语all morning yesterday(昨天一早上)表示过去某一阶段,“刮风”是这段时间内持续进行的动作,用过去进行时。主语the wind是单数,be动词用was,blow的-ing形式是blowing。
6. 答案:were getting
解析:when从句中got home(到家)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“准备晚饭”是当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。主语my parents是复数,be动词用were,get的-ing形式是getting。
题型2:复合词填空
7. 答案:policeman
解析:复合词构词法(名词+名词),police(警察)+ man(男人)组合为policeman,意为“男警察”,符合句意“一位男警察来帮助我们”。
8. 答案:headache
解析:复合词(名词+名词),head(头)+ ache(疼痛)组合为headache,意为“头痛”,注意拼写(勿漏写e),符合句意“我因为熬夜头痛”。
9. 答案:airport
解析:复合词(动词+名词),air(空气)+ port(港口)组合为airport,意为“机场”,注意拼写(勿写为airpot),符合句意“我们去机场接我叔叔”。
10. 答案:thunderstorm
解析:复合词(名词+名词),thunder(雷声)+ storm(暴风雨)组合为thunderstorm,意为“雷暴”,符合句意“昨晚有一场大雷暴”。
题型3:句型转换
11. 答案:were not
解析:过去进行时的否定句,直接在be动词were后加not,原句时态不变,句意变为“昨晚8点他们没在看电视”。
12. 答案:What were; doing
解析:划线部分“reading a book”是正在进行的动作,用what提问;主语you是复数,be动词用were,后面的动词do用-ing形式doing,构成“What were you doing?”(你当时正在做什么?)。
第二部分:能力提升题答案与解析
题型1:单项选择
13. 答案:C
解析:when从句中rang(响铃)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“看电视”是当时正在进行的长动作,用过去进行时(was/were + 动词-ing)。主语I是单数,be动词用was,故选C。
14. 答案:D
解析:while引导的时间状语从句,强调两个长动作同时进行,主句和从句都用过去进行时。主语I后用was doing,my mother后用was cooking,故选D。
15. 答案:D
解析:when/while/as均可引导时间状语从句,此处“走路”是长动作,三个连词都可表示“当……的时候”,故选D(所有选项都正确)。
16. 答案:B
解析:过去进行时的否定形式是“was/were not + 动词-ing”,主语they是复数,be动词用were,play的-ing形式是playing,故选B。
17. 答案:D
解析:policeman(男警察)和policewoman(女警察)都是在警察局工作的人,选项A和B均正确,故选D。
18. 答案:B
解析:句中was是be动词,后面需接动词-ing形式构成过去进行时,强调“我们到达时,正在下大雨”,rain的-ing形式是raining,故选B。
19. 答案:A
解析:句意“事故发生时,你正在做什么?”,对“做的事情”提问用what;when提问时间,where提问地点,who提问人,故选A。
20. 答案:D
解析:while引导的从句,强调两个长动作同时进行,“灭火”和“惊恐地看”都是过去正在进行的动作,主句和从句都用过去进行时,故选D。
21. 答案:B
解析:when从句中called(打电话)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“看书”是当时正在进行的长动作,用过去进行时,主语he是单数,be动词用was,read的-ing形式是reading,故选B。
题型2:句型转换
22. 答案:Was he
解析:过去进行时的一般疑问句,将be动词was提到句首,主语he跟在后面,句意变为“他当时在踢足球吗?”。
23. 答案:How heavily
解析:对副词heavily(猛烈地)感叹,用how引导感叹句,结构为“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,符合句意“雨下得真大啊!”。
24. 答案:while; was
解析:while引导的时间状语从句,可前后互换位置,从句主语I是单数,be动词用was,保持时态一致,同义句意为“我走路的时候,看到了一只猫”。
25. 答案:Was; blowing
解析:过去进行时的一般疑问句,将be动词was提到句首,主语the wind跟在后面,动词blow用-ing形式blowing,句意变为“当时风刮得大吗?”。
第三部分:拓展拔高题答案与解析
短文填空
26. 答案:was snowing
解析:when从句中got up(起床)是短动作(一般过去时),主句“下雪”是当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。主语it是单数,be动词用was,snow的-ing形式是snowing。
27. 答案:was blowing
解析:结合上下文,“刮风”是过去起床时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时,主语the wind是单数,be动词用was,blow的-ing形式是blowing。
28. 答案:snowball
解析:复合词(名词+名词),snow(雪)+ ball(球)组合为snowball,意为“雪球”,符合句意“我堆了一个雪球,和朋友们一起玩”。
29. 答案:were playing
解析:while引导的从句,强调“我们在外面玩”和“妈妈在做饭”两个长动作同时进行,主语we是复数,be动词用were,play的-ing形式是playing。
30. 答案:was cooking
解析:while从句用过去进行时,主句“妈妈做饭”也是同时进行的长动作,用过去进行时,主语my mother是单数,be动词用was,cook的-ing形式是cooking。
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