Unit 5单元重点语法（过去进行时的用法）讲练-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语过去进行时核心知识点，系统梳理其两大用法（过去某时刻正在进行的动作、过去某段时间持续的动作）、四种句式结构（肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）、三类时间状语（具体时间点、时间段、when/while从句）及与一般过去时的区别，构建从概念理解到应用实践的学习支架。 该资料以“即讲即练”为核心设计亮点，通过选择、填空、改写等多样化练习，助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力，对比辨析过去进行时与一般过去时培养思维品质，分层练习设计兼顾课中教学辅助与课后查漏补缺，有效提升学生学习能力，符合新课标核心素养要求。

过去进行时的用法 1、过去进行时的用法： （1）过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 例：What were you doing at 8 o'clock last night?（昨晚八点你在做什么？） At 9 p.m. last night, I was watching TV.（昨晚九点，我正在看电视。）  （2）过去进行时也可用于描述过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 She was studying in the library all day yesterday.（她昨天一整天都在图书馆学习。） 【即讲即练】 ① The little girl ________ to music when her father came back from work. A．listens B．listened C．was listening D．is listening ② When I got home yesterday evening, my parents ________ dinner in the kitchen. A．cook B．cooked C．are cooking D．were cooking ③ —What were you doing when the earthquake ________? —I was brushing my teeth in the bathroom. A．happen B．happened C．was happening D．happens ④ —Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim? —I ________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn’t hear the knock. A．was washing B．washed C．am washing ⑤ —You look tired! —My husband ________ football matches all night. That was too noisy! A．watches B．has watched C．was watching ⑥ Ben took a shower last night. (用at 8:00 last night改写) Ben a shower at 8:00 last night. 2、过去进行时的各种句式结构 （1）肯定句：主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. 当主语是第一人称单数（I）或第三人称单数（he/she/it 等）时，用 was；当主语是第二人称（you）或复数（we/they 等）时，用 were。 例：I was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night.（昨晚八点我正在读书。） She was playing the piano in the room when I came in.（我进来的时候，她正在房间里弹钢 琴。） They were having a meeting at that time yesterday.（昨天那个时候他们正在开会。） 【即讲即练】 ① He wasn’t doing his homework when his mother came back.（改为肯定句） He his homework when his mother came back. ② Tom was playing basketball on the playground. At that moment, it started to rain.（合并为一句） It started to rain while Tom basketball on the playground. （2）否定句：主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. was not 可缩写为 wasn't，were not 可缩写为 weren't。 例：I wasn't watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday. I was doing my homework.（昨天下午七点我没在 看电视，我在做作业。） She wasn't sleeping when her mother came back.（她妈妈回来的时候她没在睡觉。） They weren't playing football on the playground at this time yesterday. They were having a PE class in the gym.（昨天这个时候他们没在操场踢足球，他们在体育馆上体育课。） 【即讲即练】 ① I was reviewing my lessons when you phoned me. (改成否定句) I my lessons when you phoned me. （3）一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 例：—Was your sister watching TV at 9 o'clock last night?（昨晚九点你妹妹在看电视吗？） —Yes, she was.（是的，她在看。）/ No, she wasn't.（不，她没看。） —Were they having a party when you arrived?（你到的时候他们在开派对吗？） —Yes, they were.（是的，他们在开。）/ No, they weren't.（不，他们没开。） 【即讲即练】 ① —________ you ________ a book at 9 last night? —No, I was watching a movie. A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Were; reading D．Are; reading ② Were you reading while your mother was watching TV? (作肯定回答) Yes, . ③ My cousin was seeing the film Coco at that time. (改为一般疑问句) your cousin the film Coco at that time? （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词+其他? 例：—What was he doing at this time yesterday?（昨天这个时候他在做什么？） —He was doing some cleaning in his room.（他在房间里打扫卫生。） —Where were you going when I saw you?（我见到你的时候你要去哪里？） —I was going to the library.（我要去图书馆。） —Why was she crying just now?（她刚才为什么哭？） —Because she lost her favorite toy.（因为她把她最喜欢的玩具弄丢了。） 【即讲即练】 ① I was waiting for the bus when you called me. (对画线部分提问) you when I called you? ② We were talking about the movie when the power went out.（对划线部分提问） you about when the power went out? 3、过去进行时的时间状语 和过去进行时连用的时间状语有： （1）表示过去的某个具体时间点，如at ten yesterday evening、at 8 o'clock last night、 at noon yesterday、at that moment last week、this time yesterday。 （2）表示过去的某个时间段，如from eight to twelve yesterday、all day yesterday。 （3）when, while引导的时间状语从句。 例：At 8 o'clock last night, I was doing my homework.（昨晚八点，我正在做作业。） At noon yesterday, she was having lunch in the restaurant.（昨天中午，她正在餐厅吃午饭。） From 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last night, my parents were watching TV.（昨晚七点到九点，我父母 一直在看电视。） 【即讲即练】 ① At this time yesterday, I ________ a science exam here. A．take B．was taking C．will take 【注意】用“when”“while”引导时间状语从句，来表明一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 （1）while引导的从句中的动词多为延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，两个句子都可以用过去进行时 例：While my father was reading newspapers, my brother was playing the piano.（我爸爸在看报纸时，我弟弟正在弹钢琴。） While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.（我妈妈做饭的时候，我正在做作业。） （2）when引导的从句中的动词多为短暂性动词，过去进行时通常用在主句中。 例：We were walking to school when the rain started.（我们正在步行去学校，突然下雨了。） It was raining when we arrived.我们到达时，天正下着雨。 When the bell rang, the students were running out of the classroom.（铃声响的时候，学生 们正跑出教室。） 【即讲即练】 ① While my sister ________ for the bus, she saw a small cat on the street. A．waits B．waited C．was waiting D．is waiting ② I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was just her! A．think B．will think C．was thinking ③ We ________ a picnic in the park when it started to rain heavily. We had to run for shelter quickly. A．have B．had C．are having D．were having ④ While I _______ my homework, my brother _______ video games. A．did; played B．was doing; was playing C．do; plays ⑤ Amy was reading a book _____ I came in. A．when B．while C．because ⑥ ________ my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. A．As long as B．While C．When ⑦ We were talking about the trip to Beijing when she came in. (用while改写) we about the trip to Beijing, she came in. 4、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 （1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) （2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 【即讲即练】 用when或while填空 ① I was watching TV the phone rang. ② my brother was doing his homework, I was listening to music. ③ The students were having a class the fire alarm went off. ④ Lily was walking home, she met an old friend. ⑤ My father was cooking in the kitchen I came back from school. ⑥ the rain was pouring, we were playing cards indoors. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 过去进行时的用法 1、过去进行时的用法： （1）过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 例：What were you doing at 8 o'clock last night?（昨晚八点你在做什么？） At 9 p.m. last night, I was watching TV.（昨晚九点，我正在看电视。）  （2）过去进行时也可用于描述过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 She was studying in the library all day yesterday.（她昨天一整天都在图书馆学习。） 【即讲即练】 ① The little girl ________ to music when her father came back from work. A．listens B．listened C．was listening D．is listening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当爸爸下班回家时，这个小女孩正在听音乐。 考查过去进行时。listens听，一般现在时第三人称单数；listened听，一般过去时；was listening正在听，过去进行时；is listening正在听，现在进行时。根据从句“when her father came back from work”中的一般过去时可知，主句动作发生在过去；且“听音乐”是在“爸爸回来”这一过去时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时。故选C。 ② When I got home yesterday evening, my parents ________ dinner in the kitchen. A．cook B．cooked C．are cooking D．were cooking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我昨晚到家时，我的父母正在厨房做晚饭。 考查过去进行时。根据时间状语“When I got home yesterday evening”可知，“我到家”是过去发生的动作，而“父母做饭”是在“我到家”那一刻正在进行的动作，因此需用过去进行时was/were doing。主语“my parents”是复数，故用were cooking。故选D。 ③ —What were you doing when the earthquake ________? —I was brushing my teeth in the bathroom. A．happen B．happened C．was happening D．happens 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——地震发生时你在做什么？——我正在浴室刷牙。 考查动词时态。根据问句“What were you doing when the earthquake ...?”可知，主句使用过去进行时，从句描述地震“发生”这一过去的具体时间点动作，需用一般过去时，故用过去式happened。故选B。 ④ —Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim? —I ________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn’t hear the knock. A．was washing B．washed C．am washing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——吉姆，你为什么没给我开门？——我当时正在浴室洗衣服，没听到敲门声。 考查过去进行时。was washing（过去进行时，表示过去某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作）；washed（一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作）；am washing（现在进行时，表示现在正在进行的动作）。根据问句“Why didn’t you open the door for me?”可知，敲门发生在过去，而“没听到敲门声”是因为当时正在洗衣服，因此需用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。故选A。 ⑤ —You look tired! —My husband ________ football matches all night. That was too noisy! A．watches B．has watched C．was watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看起来很累！——我丈夫整晚都在看足球赛。那太吵了！ 考查过去进行时。watches（一般现在时，表示习惯性动作）；has watched（现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响）；was watching（过去进行时，表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作）。根据答语中的“all night”和“That was too noisy!”可知，此处强调昨晚一整夜丈夫“正在看”足球赛，描述过去某个时间段内持续进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 ⑥ Ben took a shower last night. (用at 8:00 last night改写) Ben a shower at 8:00 last night. 【答案】 was taking 【详解】句意：本昨晚洗了澡。用“at 8:00 last night”改写后，句子表示“昨晚8点本正在洗澡”，需用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语Ben是第三人称单数，be动词用was；take的现在分词是taking。故填was；taking。 2、过去进行时的各种句式结构 （1）肯定句：主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. 当主语是第一人称单数（I）或第三人称单数（he/she/it 等）时，用 was；当主语是第二人称（you）或复数（we/they 等）时，用 were。 例：I was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night.（昨晚八点我正在读书。） She was playing the piano in the room when I came in.（我进来的时候，她正在房间里弹钢 琴。） They were having a meeting at that time yesterday.（昨天那个时候他们正在开会。） 【即讲即练】 ① He wasn’t doing his homework when his mother came back.（改为肯定句） He his homework when his mother came back. 【答案】 was doing 【详解】句意：妈妈回来的时候，他没有在写作业。原句是否定句（wasn’t doing），改为肯定句需去掉否定词“not”，保持过去进行时结构“was doing”。故填was；doing。 ② Tom was playing basketball on the playground. At that moment, it started to rain.（合并为一句） It started to rain while Tom basketball on the playground. 【答案】 was playing 【详解】句意：汤姆当时正在操场打篮球，这时开始下雨了。合并句子时，“while”引导的时间状语从句需要用进行时态，原句是过去进行时was playing。故填was；playing。 （2）否定句：主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. was not 可缩写为 wasn't，were not 可缩写为 weren't。 例：I wasn't watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday. I was doing my homework.（昨天下午七点我没在 看电视，我在做作业。） She wasn't sleeping when her mother came back.（她妈妈回来的时候她没在睡觉。） They weren't playing football on the playground at this time yesterday. They were having a PE class in the gym.（昨天这个时候他们没在操场踢足球，他们在体育馆上体育课。） 【即讲即练】 ① I was reviewing my lessons when you phoned me. (改成否定句) I my lessons when you phoned me. 【答案】 wasn’t reviewing 【详解】句意：你打电话给我时，我正在复习功课。原句是过去进行时，含有be动词was，变为否定句，在was后加not，缩写为wasn’t，其他不变。故填wasn’t；reviewing。 （3）一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 例：—Was your sister watching TV at 9 o'clock last night?（昨晚九点你妹妹在看电视吗？） —Yes, she was.（是的，她在看。）/ No, she wasn't.（不，她没看。） —Were they having a party when you arrived?（你到的时候他们在开派对吗？） —Yes, they were.（是的，他们在开。）/ No, they weren't.（不，他们没开。） 【即讲即练】 ① —________ you ________ a book at 9 last night? —No, I was watching a movie. A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Were; reading D．Are; reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚9点你正在读一本书吗？——不，我正在看电影。 考查过去进行时。根据答句“I was watching a movie”可知，问句询问过去某个具体时间正在进行的动作，时间状语“at 9 last night”表示过去某一时刻，需用过去进行时was/were + doing。选项C为过去进行时结构，符合语境。故选C。 ② Were you reading while your mother was watching TV? (作肯定回答) Yes, . 【答案】 I was 【详解】句意：你妈妈看电视的时候你在看书吗？句子为一般疑问句，时态为过去进行时，作肯定回答，需前置此句的主语I，将此句的“was”过去进行时的be动词放在“I”的后面，作肯定回答，时态应与此句的时态一致，都是过去进行时。故填I；was。 ③ My cousin was seeing the film Coco at that time. (改为一般疑问句) your cousin the film Coco at that time? 【答案】 Was seeing 【详解】句意：我的表弟当时正在看电影《寻梦环游记》。改为一般疑问句，需将be动词提到句首，句首首字母大写；过去进行时的一般疑问句结构为“Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他”。原句主语为your cousin，是第三人称单数，be动词用was；现在分词seeing保持不变。故填Was；seeing。 （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词+其他? 例：—What was he doing at this time yesterday?（昨天这个时候他在做什么？） —He was doing some cleaning in his room.（他在房间里打扫卫生。） —Where were you going when I saw you?（我见到你的时候你要去哪里？） —I was going to the library.（我要去图书馆。） —Why was she crying just now?（她刚才为什么哭？） —Because she lost her favorite toy.（因为她把她最喜欢的玩具弄丢了。） 【即讲即练】 ① I was waiting for the bus when you called me. (对画线部分提问) you when I called you? 【答案】 What were doing 【详解】句意：你打电话给我的时候，我正在等公交车。划线部分“was waiting for the bus”是正在进行的动作，对动作提问用疑问词what。原句时态为过去进行时，主语变为you时，be动词用were，“正在做某事”用“were doing”表达，疑问句中将what置于句首，首字母大写，后接were和主语you，再跟doing。故填What；were；doing。 ② We were talking about the movie when the power went out.（对划线部分提问） you about when the power went out? 【答案】 What were talking 【详解】句意：停电的时候我们正在讨论那部电影。划线部分是“the movie（那部电影）”，这是对讨论的内容进行提问，要用“What”；原句是过去进行时（were+现在分词），主语变为“you”后，be动词用“were”，“talking”保持现在分词形式。故填What；were；talking。 3、过去进行时的时间状语 和过去进行时连用的时间状语有： （1）表示过去的某个具体时间点，如at ten yesterday evening、at 8 o'clock last night、 at noon yesterday、at that moment last week、this time yesterday。 （2）表示过去的某个时间段，如from eight to twelve yesterday、all day yesterday。 （3）when, while引导的时间状语从句。 例：At 8 o'clock last night, I was doing my homework.（昨晚八点，我正在做作业。） At noon yesterday, she was having lunch in the restaurant.（昨天中午，她正在餐厅吃午饭。） From 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last night, my parents were watching TV.（昨晚七点到九点，我父母 一直在看电视。） 【即讲即练】 ① At this time yesterday, I ________ a science exam here. A．take B．was taking C．will take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，我正在这里参加一场科学考试。 考查过去进行时。take参加，动词原形；was taking参加，过去进行时；will take参加，一般将来时。根据时间状语“At this time yesterday”可知，句子描述过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应使用过去进行时。故选B。 【注意】用“when”“while”引导时间状语从句，来表明一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 （1）while引导的从句中的动词多为延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，两个句子都可以用过去进行时 例：While my father was reading newspapers, my brother was playing the piano.（我爸爸在看报纸时，我弟弟正在弹钢琴。） While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.（我妈妈做饭的时候，我正在做作业。） （2）when引导的从句中的动词多为短暂性动词，过去进行时通常用在主句中。 例：We were walking to school when the rain started.（我们正在步行去学校，突然下雨了。） It was raining when we arrived.我们到达时，天正下着雨。 When the bell rang, the students were running out of the classroom.（铃声响的时候，学生 们正跑出教室。） 【即讲即练】 ① While my sister ________ for the bus, she saw a small cat on the street. A．waits B．waited C．was waiting D．is waiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我妹妹在等公交车时，她在街上看到一只小猫。 考查时态。根据“saw”（看见）可知，主句为一般过去时。while引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行，从句应用过去进行时（was/were doing）。主语“my sister”为第三人称单数，应用was waiting。故选C。 ② I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was just her! A．think B．will think C．was thinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我正在想我姐姐的时候，电话响了。正是她打来的！ 考查过去进行时。“when my phone rang（当电话响的时候）”是过去的时间点，“想我姐姐”这个动作在电话响的那一刻正在进行，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语是I，be动词用was，think的现在分词是thinking。故选C。 ③ We ________ a picnic in the park when it started to rain heavily. We had to run for shelter quickly. A．have B．had C．are having D．were having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当开始下大雨时，我们正在公园里野餐。我们不得不快速跑去找避雨的地方。 考查过去进行时。根据“when it started to rain heavily”可知，此处需用过去进行时，其结构是“was/were+doing”。故选D。 ④ While I _______ my homework, my brother _______ video games. A．did; played B．was doing; was playing C．do; plays 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在做作业时，我哥哥在玩电子游戏。 考查过去进行时。根据“While”可知，表示两个动作同时发生，且动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+doing”。故选B。 ⑤ Amy was reading a book _____ I came in. A．when B．while C．because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我进来时，艾米正在读书。 考查连词辨析。when“当……的时候”，常用来引导时间状语从句；while引导的时间状语从句通常用进行时态，表示主句的动作发生的同时，从句的动作也正在发生；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。根据“Amy was reading a book … I came in”可知，当“我”进来时，Amy正在读书，从句是一般过去时，应该用when引导时间状语从句。故选A。 ⑥ ________ my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. A．As long as B．While C．When 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我的邻居来访时，我们一家人正在吃晚饭。 考查连词辨析。As long as只要；While当……时候（后接延续性动词）；When当……时候（后接延续性或短暂性动词）。“called”是短暂性动作，用“when”引导时间状语从句。故选C。 ⑦ We were talking about the trip to Beijing when she came in. (用while改写) we about the trip to Beijing, she came in. 【答案】 While were talking 【详解】句意：当她进来的时候，我们正在讨论去北京的旅行。原句是when引导的时间状语从句，描述一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。用while改写时，while引导的从句通常使用延续性动词，需使用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语we是复数，所以用were。动词talk的现在分词形式是talking。故填While；were；talking。 4、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 （1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) （2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 【即讲即练】 用when或while填空 ① I was watching TV the phone rang. ② my brother was doing his homework, I was listening to music. ③ The students were having a class the fire alarm went off. ④ Lily was walking home, she met an old friend. ⑤ My father was cooking in the kitchen I came back from school. ⑥ the rain was pouring, we were playing cards indoors. 【答案】①when ②While ③when ④When ⑤when ⑥While 【解析】①句意：我正在看电视，这时电话响了。根据“I was watching TV ... the phone rang.”及备选词可知，watch TV 是延续性动作，rang是短暂性动作。when意为“当……的时候”，连词，既可以接延续性动作，也可以接短暂性动作，在这里用来表示“正在做某事时，另一个动作发生了”。故填when。 ②句意：当我弟弟在做作业时，我在听音乐。根据“... my brother was doing his homework, I was listening to music.”及备选词可知，do his homework和listen to music都是延续性动作，且两个动作同时进行。while意为“当……的时候”，连词，通常接延续性动作，强调两个动作的同时性,句首首字母大写。故填While。 ③句意：学生们正在上课，这时火警响了。根据“The students were having a class ... the fire alarm went off.”及备选词可知，have a class是延续性动作，went off是短暂性动作。 when意为“当……的时候”，连词，用于“延续性动作进行中，短暂性动作突然发生”的场景。故填when。 ④句意：莉莉在走路回家时，遇到了一位老朋友。根据“... Lily was walking home, she met an old friend.”及备选词可知，walk home是延续性动作，met是短暂性动作。when意为“当……的时候”，连词，可以直接连接这两个动作,表示 “在走路的过程中”遇到了朋友，句首首字母大写。故填when。 ⑤句意：我爸爸正在厨房做饭，这时我放学回来了。根据“My father was cooking in the kitchen ... I came back from school.”及备选词可知，cook是延续性动作，came back是短暂性动作。 when意为“当……的时候”，连词，用于“延续性动作进行中，另一个动作发生”的情况。故填when。 ⑥句意：雨下得很大的时候，我们在室内打牌。根据“... the rain was pouring, we were playing cards indoors.”及备选词可知，pour和play cards都是延续性动作且同时发生。While意为“当……的时候”，连词，强调两个延续性动作的同时进行，句首首字母大写。故填While。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $