新知07 现在完成时（精讲精练）-2026年八年级英语寒假衔接回归教材复习与预习重难点突破（新教材人教版）

新知 07 现在完成时（精讲精练） 1)定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：—Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃过早饭了吗？ —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) I’ve already read the book. 我已经读过这本书了。(了解了书的内容) 2)结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 3)句型： ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.例：I have found my pen.我找到我的钢笔了。 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。 例：I haven’t found my pen.我还没有找到我的钢笔。 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？ 例：—Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. —Yes, I have.是的，我已经找到了。 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. —No, I haven’t.不，我还没有找到。 4)动词过去分词的变化规则 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 5)常用标志词语： already(已经)，never(从未)，ever(曾经)，just(刚刚)， before(以前)，so far(到目前为止)，yet(还，已经)等。 ①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . ②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？ ④before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before. ⑤yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. ⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it. ⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. have been to,have gone to,have been in 区别 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 fall ill→be ill 　　 come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 worry→be worried 　　 catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+ since +表示过去的时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+ since +从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生就住在这儿。 【拓展延伸】 1.在现在完成时中，for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换，即“for +时间段= since +时间段+ ago”。 Eg.I have kept the book for a month. = I have kept the book since a month ago. 我已经借这本书一个月了。 2.在现在完成时中，当谓语动词是延续性动词时，可以用how long提问。 Eg.He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。→ How long has he been a soldier?他参军多长时间了？ 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1．This is the first time I ________ such a grand traditional wedding in a small village in Africa. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．had seen 2．The travel book says that a traditional tea ceremony ________ a special part of Japanese culture for centuries. A．is B．was C．has been D．had been 3．We ________ a lot of happy moments with each other since we first met. A．have shared B．were sharing C．will share D．can share 4．How time flies! Four years ________ since I ________ to our middle school. A．have passed; came B．has past; came C．has passed; came D．have passed; have come 5．The factory ________ a lot of pollution ________ it started production in 2010. A．produced; since B．has produced; since C．produces; when 6．We ________ no news about him ________ he went abroad last month. A．had; since B．have had; since C．have; when 7．—________ you ________ Frank yet? —Yes. I ________ him a moment ago. A．Will; call; called B．Have; called; have called C．Have; called; called 8．You needn’t tell Jim the good news because I ________ him already. A．tell B．have told C．was telling D．told 9．—How long ________ you ________ your hobby of programming? —For three years. A．do; keep B．did; keep C．have; kept D．will; keep 10．—Are you a basketball player at your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ on it for 3 years. A．joined; was B．have joined; have C．joined; have been D．have joined; have been 11．—Has anybody ________ been to Mars? —No, not ________. Maybe in the future. A．already; yet B．ever; yet C．yet; ever 12．My sister ________ a teacher ________ she graduated from college. A．has been; since B．was; since C．is; for 13．—Where is your father, Tom? —He ________ the supermarket. He ________ there on foot. A．has been to; has gone B．has gone to; went C．has been to; went 14．This is the first time I ________ such a terrible sandstorm. It’s really frightening. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．had seen 15．—Where is your father? —He ________ Australia and he ________ Sydney for two weeks. A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been in C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has gone to 16．In the past few years, the number of wild animals ______ gradually, and we need to ______ people’s awareness of protecting them. A．has risen; raise B．has raised; rise C．rose; raise D．raised; rise 17．—_________ about ________ Naxi Ancient Music yet? —Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture. A．Has; heard B．Have; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear 18．—Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 19．—What ________ you ________ recently? —I’ve been reading Journey to the West. A．do; read B．did; read C．have; read D．will; read 20．I ________ Hangzhou twice. It is a beautiful city. A．went to B．have been to C．have gone to D．have been in 二、语法选择 Do you often hear of Taobao or buy things on Taobao? Taobao is 21 online shopping site (网站) in China. It has 22 become an important part of people’s life. Now, more and more people like shopping on Taobao. People like shopping online. They 23 lots of money on Taobao. Taobao means “ 24 treasure” in English. People can find almost 25 they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to computers. Clothing and home-use 26 are the most popular online. 27 busy study and work, students and young workers have no time 28 to the shopping centre. They often shop on Taobao. It’s very safe and convenient (方便的) when you shop on Taobao. You can 29 the things after you get them. 30 you don’t like what you bought, you can return it and get your money back. 21．A．larger B．the larger C．largest D．the largest 22．A．yet B．still C．already D．since 23．A．pay B．spend C．cost D．take 24．A．looking for B．looking after C．looking up D．looking at 25．A．something B．not everything C．everything D．nothing 26．A．trouble B．value C．vacation D．products 27．A．Because B．Instead C．Because of D．Instead of 28．A．go B．to go C．goes D．went 29．A．pay for B．wait for C．think about D．care about 30．A．Until B．If C．But D．Before 三、短文填空 根据短文内容，在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People always say the music from their younger years is the best compared to other times. So far, scientists 31 (do) some research. They have found this may be due to something called the “memory bump (记忆隆起)”. According to the research, the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are particularly strong. This period 32 (heavy) influences our favourite books, films, and especially music. This is 33 musical memories are stored in a “safe” area of the brain, which is more protected against age-related conditions. As a result, the music we listen to 34 these years is often remembered more fondly (充满感情地) than music from other periods in our lives. More importantly, “music is episodic (片段的)”, Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. “If you look at 35 artwork or something, you can look at it and leave at any time. Music is over time.” That means music is 36 (connect) with episodes in your life. Music from our younger years 37 (create) strong feelings, mixing happy and sad feelings when we listen to it. When the songs are related to your experiences and you listen to them again, memories of those experiences 38 (come) back. Sometimes, with a change in experience, the 39 (sad) you felt before when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to something from a harder time in your 40 (young) life can bring a sense of relief now. 四、完成句子 41．她从小就梦想成为一名芭蕾舞演员，现在还在坚持训练。 She has dreamed of becoming a dancer she was a child and still keeps training. 42．近年来，我们城市发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes in our city in recent years. 43．到目前为止，露西已经参观了北京的很多名胜古迹。 Lucy in Beijing so far. 44．She started to volunteer in the nature reserve five years ago. (同义句转换) She as a volunteer in the nature reserve for five years. 45．My brother joined the army last year. (改为同义句) My brother in the army since last year. 46．这些自然奇观已经存在了数千年。 These natural wonders for thousands of years. 47．你曾经去过牙买加吗？ you Jamaica? 48．Lucy went to Beijing last week. (改为现在完成时) Lucy to Beijing. 49．自从我回到伦敦，我已经和我的同学分享了我的照片。 I my photos with my classmates since I returned to London. 50．He has finished his project about indoor hobbies. (改为否定句) He his project about indoor hobbies yet. 51．He finished reading The Secret Garden last week.（用already改写） He finished reading The Secret Garden. 52．我已经读了《哈利・波特》系列的所有书，它们是我最喜欢的奇幻小说。 I all the Harry Potter books. They are my favourite fantasy novels. 53．He started to learn English when he was 6 years old. (同义句转换) He English since he was 6 years old. 一、单项选择 1．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 2．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 3．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 4．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 5．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 6．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Lots of tourists from the southern part of China ________ Harbin twice. A．have been in B．have gone to C．have been to 7．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 8．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 9．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already. A．eat B．ate C．have eaten 10．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it? —________ a week. A．keep, For B．borrow, For C．lend, In 11．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 12．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 13．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 14．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 15．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 16．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat. A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived 17．（2024·江西·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A．came B．were coming C．will come D．have come 18．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. A．in; with B．for; of C．on; in D．from; for 19．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A．been to B．gone to C．been in 20．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A．has been B．has to go C．has gone 21．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? —Yes, it ________ over 10 years since it started. A．was B．had been C．has D．has been 22．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A．spreads B．is spreading C．will spread D．has spread 23．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A．will work B．have worked C．is working 24．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—Tina, when did you come to Guangyuan? —Oh, many years ago. I ________ here since I was five. A．have gone B．have been C．was D．am 25．（2023·上海·中考真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 二、语法选择 （2024·重庆·中考真题）My grandma is almost 80 years old, and she looks very healthy. She was 26 math teacher many years ago. She has been away from her work 27 over 20 years ago. Every morning, she 28 up early and makes breakfast for my family. She doesn’t want us 29 outside. She is always saying, “Don’t you think mine is 30 than theirs?” Many elderly people like dancing together in the neighborhood, but my grandma doesn’t. She never joins 31 . I ask her why. “I’m not that old,” she smiles. My grandma enjoys walking. She says it is good for her 32 . She often takes walks in the parks. These days, she has a new 33 . She has fallen in love with city walks. “I can talk to people 34 I am walking with them. I can also enjoy the beauty and the changes of the city. In the next few years, I 35 to every corner of the city,” she says. I hope my grandma will be young, healthy and happy forever! 26．A．a B．an C．the 27．A．in B．at C．since 28．A．get B．gets C．got 29．A．eat B．ate C．to eat 30．A．good B．better C．best 31．A．they B．them C．theirs 32．A．health B．healthy C．healthily 33．A．hobby B．hobbies C．hobby’s 34．A．after B．before C．while 35．A．walk B．walked C．will walk 三、短文填空 （2024·四川自贡·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Zigong Lantern Festival shows the wisdom and culture of people in Zigong. In 2008, the festival 36 (become) a national-level intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产). So far the Zigong lantern festival 37 (reach) many places in China and more than eighty 38 (country) around the world. Wan Songtao is 39 important leader of a lantern-making company in Zigong. He spent his every vacation 40 (learn) lantern-making from his father when he was a teenager. 41 (get) better at designing (设计), Wan studied fine art in college. One of the most important parts of making a large lantern is designing. “We used to design the lanterns all by ourselves,” said Wan. “ 42 (lucky), we can use AI for good ideas now.” Besides AI, other technologies are also very 43 (help). “The great success of Zigong lanterns comes 44 team effort,” said Wan. His favorite work The sundial in 2024 is the work of over 80 Zigong lantern makers as well as a group of engineers. It took them over 4,000 hours to make it 45 bring it to the park. （2024·四川南充·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。 Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 46 (one) Chinese character (汉字). Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 47 (story). It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 48 (usual) started at 3 or 4 a.m., and revised (修改) the pieces several times until she was 49 (satisfy). In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 50 success. The book earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy (同情). “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans, “The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past. 51 them, I could never have finished this book.” So far, the elderly woman 52 (publish) six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never too late. I enjoy 53 (I) when writing,“ Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 54 eating a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 55 (start) after 60?” she says jokingly. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新知 07 现在完成时（精讲精练） 1)定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：—Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃过早饭了吗？ —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) I’ve already read the book. 我已经读过这本书了。(了解了书的内容) 2)结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 3)句型： ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.例：I have found my pen.我找到我的钢笔了。 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。 例：I haven’t found my pen.我还没有找到我的钢笔。 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？ 例：—Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. —Yes, I have.是的，我已经找到了。 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. —No, I haven’t.不，我还没有找到。 4)动词过去分词的变化规则 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 5)常用标志词语： already(已经)，never(从未)，ever(曾经)，just(刚刚)， before(以前)，so far(到目前为止)，yet(还，已经)等。 ①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . ②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？ ④before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before. ⑤yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. ⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it. ⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. have been to,have gone to,have been in 区别 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 fall ill→be ill 　　 come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 worry→be worried 　　 catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+ since +表示过去的时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+ since +从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生就住在这儿。 【拓展延伸】 1.在现在完成时中，for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换，即“for +时间段= since +时间段+ ago”。 Eg.I have kept the book for a month. = I have kept the book since a month ago. 我已经借这本书一个月了。 2.在现在完成时中，当谓语动词是延续性动词时，可以用how long提问。 Eg.He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。→ How long has he been a soldier?他参军多长时间了？ 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1．This is the first time I ________ such a grand traditional wedding in a small village in Africa. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．had seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我第一次在非洲的一个小村庄看到如此盛大的传统婚礼。 考查固定句型“This is the first time+现在完成时”。根据“This is the first time I”可知，该句采用固定句型“This/It is the first/second...time (that)+现在完成时”表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，此处从句谓语应使用现在完成时。故选C。 2．The travel book says that a traditional tea ceremony ________ a special part of Japanese culture for centuries. A．is B．was C．has been D．had been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本旅游书说，传统的茶道几个世纪以来一直是日本文化的一个特殊部分。 考查动词时态。is一般现在时；was一般过去时；has been现在完成时；had been过去完成时。根据时间状语for centuries可知，动作从过去持续到现在，强调延续性，应用现在完成时。故选C。 3．We ________ a lot of happy moments with each other since we first met. A．have shared B．were sharing C．will share D．can share 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从我们第一次见面以来，我们已经一起分享了很多快乐的时刻。 考查动词时态。根据“since we first met”可知，句子是现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间点开始持续到现在的动作或状态，所以空处用现在完成时，构成形式为have/has done，主语是复数，助动词用have，share的过去分词是shared。故选A。 4．How time flies! Four years ________ since I ________ to our middle school. A．have passed; came B．has past; came C．has passed; came D．have passed; have come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！自从我来到我们的中学，四年已经过去了。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。第一空主语“Four years”表示一段时间，视作单数，谓语用单数形式，排除A、D；第二空“since I...to our middle school”是since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，past不是动词，不能作谓语，排除B。故选C。 5．The factory ________ a lot of pollution ________ it started production in 2010. A．produced; since B．has produced; since C．produces; when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家工厂自2010年开始生产以来，已经制造了大量污染。 考查现在完成时与since的搭配。since自从；when当……时。根据“The factory…a lot of pollution…it started production in 2010.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处指动作从过去持续到现在，时态应该用现在完成时，since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，常与现在完成时搭配。故选B。 6．We ________ no news about him ________ he went abroad last month. A．had; since B．have had; since C．have; when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从他上个月出国以来，我们就没有他的消息。 考查现在完成时用法。根据“he went abroad last month”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。“since+过去时间点”表示“自从……以来”，强调从过去某一时刻持续到现在。故选B。 7．—________ you ________ Frank yet? —Yes. I ________ him a moment ago. A．Will; call; called B．Have; called; have called C．Have; called; called 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经给弗兰克打电话了吗？——是的，我刚才给他打了。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时的用法。根据“... you ... Frank yet?”可知，问句中的“yet”表示“已经”，常用于现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，call的过去分词为called,因此第一空用“Have”，第二空用过去分词“called”；根据“Yes. I ... him a moment ago.”可知，答句中“a moment ago”表示“刚才”，是明确的过去时间状语，需用一般过去时，call的过去式为called。故选C。 8．You needn’t tell Jim the good news because I ________ him already. A．tell B．have told C．was telling D．told 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你不必把这个好消息告诉吉姆了，因为我已经告诉他了。 考查动词时态。根据时间副词“already”和语境“because I…him already”可知，动作“告诉”发生在过去并对现在造成影响（即“他已知道，无需再告诉”），应用现在完成时have told。故选B。 9．—How long ________ you ________ your hobby of programming? —For three years. A．do; keep B．did; keep C．have; kept D．will; keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你保持编程这个爱好多久了？——三年了。 考查动词时态。do/does一般现在时助动词；did一般过去时助动词；have/has现在完成时助动词；will一般将来时助动词。根据答语“For three years.”（三年了）可知，问句询问的是从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。故选C。 10．—Are you a basketball player at your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ on it for 3 years. A．joined; was B．have joined; have C．joined; have been D．have joined; have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你是你们学校的篮球运动员吗？——是的。我三年前加入了这支球队。我在球队中已经三年了。考查一般过去时和现在完成时。根据“3 years ago”可知，这是表示过去的时间点，所以应该用一般过去时，第一个空用动词用过去式“joined”；“for 3 years”表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，且动词需要用延续性动词，“have been”符合。故选C。 11．—Has anybody ________ been to Mars? —No, not ________. Maybe in the future. A．already; yet B．ever; yet C．yet; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——是否有人曾经去过火星？——不，还没有。或许在未来。 考查现在完成时中的时间状语辨析。already已经，多用于肯定句中；ever曾经；常用于疑问句中；yet还、尚未，常用于否定句中。根据“Has anybody...been to Mars?”可知，这是现在完成时的一般疑问句，且用于询问经历，在现在完成时的疑问句中，询问经历时常用ever表示“曾经”；根据“No, not...”可知，这是否定回答，表示“不，还没有”，强调“尚未”完成或发生，应使用yet。故选B。 12．My sister ________ a teacher ________ she graduated from college. A．has been; since B．was; since C．is; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我姐姐自从大学毕业后就一直是一名教师。 考查动词时态与连词辨析。根据“graduated from college”可知，毕业是过去的时间点，且“当老师”的状态从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时“has been”；for后接一段时间，表示动作持续了多久；since作为连词，后接一个时间点或过去时的从句，表示“自从……以来”，主句通常用现在完成时。从句“she graduated from college”是一般过去时，表示一个过去的时间点，符合since的用法。故选A。 13．—Where is your father, Tom? —He ________ the supermarket. He ________ there on foot. A．has been to; has gone B．has gone to; went C．has been to; went 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你爸爸在哪里？——他去超市了。他是步行去那里的。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。第一空表示“去超市了（现在还没回来）”，用has gone to；第二空描述过去步行去那里的动作，用一般过去时went。故选B。 14．This is the first time I ________ such a terrible sandstorm. It’s really frightening. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．had seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我第一次看到如此可怕的沙尘暴。这真的很吓人。 考查动词时态。此处是固定句型“This/It is the first time that + 现在完成时”，主句为一般现在时(This is)，从句应使用现在完成时“have/has done”。故选C。 15．—Where is your father? —He ________ Australia and he ________ Sydney for two weeks. A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been in C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has gone to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——他去了澳大利亚，而且他在悉尼已经待了两周。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地（已返回）；has gone to去了某地（未返回）；has been in在某地待了多久（常接时间段）。根据问句“Where is your father?”可知，父亲此刻不在说话地，应用has gone to；第二空后接“for two weeks”表示时间段，需用has been in。故选B。 16．In the past few years, the number of wild animals ______ gradually, and we need to ______ people’s awareness of protecting them. A．has risen; raise B．has raised; rise C．rose; raise D．raised; rise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，野生动物的数量逐渐增加，我们需要提高人们保护它们的意识。 考查动词辨析和时态。has risen（已经增加，不及物动词，现在完成时）；raise（提高，及物动词，动词原形）；has raised（已经提高，及物动词，现在完成时）；rise（上升、增加，不及物动词，动词原形）；rose（增加，不及物动词，一般过去时）；raised（提高，及物动词，一般过去时）。第一空主语the number of wild animals表示“野生动物的数量”，“数量上升”是无需宾语的动作，需用不及物动词rise；时间状语in the past few years是现在完成时的标志，故填has risen。第二空“提高（意识）”是需要接宾语的动作，需用及物动词raise；need to后接动词原形，故填raise。故选A。 17．—_________ about ________ Naxi Ancient Music yet? —Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture. A．Has; heard B．Have; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你（已经）听说过纳西古乐了吗？——是的，我听说了。它是纳西文化的一部分。 考查现在完成时的一般疑问句结构。根据答句“Yes, I have.”可知，问句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，且主语是“you”，助动词应用“Have”，动词用过去分词“heard”。故选B。 18．—Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你读完我上周借给你的那本书了吗？——还没有。我刚刚读完前三章。 考查现在完成时。根据问句“Have you finished...?”和答语“Not yet”可知，回答者尚未读完，但强调“刚刚读完前三章”，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时，且“just”常与完成时连用。故选A。 19．—What ________ you ________ recently? —I’ve been reading Journey to the West. A．do; read B．did; read C．have; read D．will; read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你最近读了什么？——我一直在读《西游记》。 考查时态。根据“recently”以及“I’ve been reading Journey to the West.”可知，问句应该用现在完成时，其结构是“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”，问句主语是“you”，所以助动词用have。故选C。 20．I ________ Hangzhou twice. It is a beautiful city. A．went to B．have been to C．have gone to D．have been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我去过杭州两次。它是一个美丽的城市。 考查现在完成时的用法。went to去，是过去式；have been to去过已回；have gone to去了未回； have been in在某地待一段时间。根据“I ... Hangzhou twice.”可知，此处是指去过杭州两次，说话人强调过去的经历对现在的影响，且现已不在杭州，应用“have been to”。故选B。 二、语法选择 Do you often hear of Taobao or buy things on Taobao? Taobao is 21 online shopping site (网站) in China. It has 22 become an important part of people’s life. Now, more and more people like shopping on Taobao. People like shopping online. They 23 lots of money on Taobao. Taobao means “ 24 treasure” in English. People can find almost 25 they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to computers. Clothing and home-use 26 are the most popular online. 27 busy study and work, students and young workers have no time 28 to the shopping centre. They often shop on Taobao. It’s very safe and convenient (方便的) when you shop on Taobao. You can 29 the things after you get them. 30 you don’t like what you bought, you can return it and get your money back. 21．A．larger B．the larger C．largest D．the largest 22．A．yet B．still C．already D．since 23．A．pay B．spend C．cost D．take 24．A．looking for B．looking after C．looking up D．looking at 25．A．something B．not everything C．everything D．nothing 26．A．trouble B．value C．vacation D．products 27．A．Because B．Instead C．Because of D．Instead of 28．A．go B．to go C．goes D．went 29．A．pay for B．wait for C．think about D．care about 30．A．Until B．If C．But D．Before 【答案】 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了淘宝这一中国在线购物网站，阐述了它在人们生活中的重要性、商品种类、用户群体及购物的安全性与便利性。 21．句意：淘宝是中国最大的在线购物网站。 larger更大的，比较级；the larger较大的；largest最大的；the largest最大的，最高级。根据“in China”可知，此处表示多个的对比，需用最高级且前面加the。故选D。 22．句意：它已经成为了人们生活中重要的一部分。 yet还；still仍然；already已经；since自从。根据“It has…become an important part of people’s life.”可知，此处是肯定句，表达“已经成为”的含义。故选C。 23．句意：他们在淘宝上花费很多钱。 pay付钱；spend花费；cost花费；take花费。根据“They…lots of money on Taobao.”可知，此处为spend…on的搭配，意为“在……上花费”。故选B。 24．句意：淘宝在英语里的意思是“寻找宝藏”。 looking for寻找；looking after照顾；looking up查阅；looking at看。根据“treasure”以及“People can find”可知 ，此处表示寻找宝藏。故选A。 25．句意：人们在淘宝上几乎能找到所有他们需要的东西，从衣服到书，从糖果到电脑。 something某物；not everything不是所有东西；everything所有东西；nothing没什么。根据“from clothes to books, from candies to computers”可知，商品种类全，几乎是所有东西。故选C。 26．句意：服装和家用产品在网上是最受欢迎的。 trouble麻烦；value价值；vacation假期；products产品。根据“home-use”可知，此处指家用产品，home-use修饰名词products。故选D。 27．句意：因为繁忙的学习和工作，学生和年轻工作者没时间去购物中心。 Because因为；Instead反而；Because of因为；Instead of代替。根据“…busy study and work, students and young workers have no time…to the shopping centre.”可知，前后两句是因果关系，busy study and work是原因，为名词短语，故用Because of。故选C。 28．句意：因为繁忙的学习和工作，学生和年轻工作者没时间去购物中心。   go去，动词原形；to go去，动词不定式；goes去，动词第三人称单数；went去，动词过去式。根据“have no time”可知，此处用动词不定式，have no time to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“没时间做某事”。故选B。 29．句意：你可以在收到东西后付款。 pay for为……付款；wait for等待；think about考虑；care about关心。根据购物流程，“收到东西后付款”符合逻辑。故选A。 30．句意：如果你不喜欢你买的东西，你可以退货并拿回钱。 Until直到；If如果；But但是；Before在……之前。根据“…you don’t like what you bought, you can return it and get your money back.”可知，此处是条件状语从句，表达“如果不喜欢”的假设。故选B。 三、短文填空 根据短文内容，在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People always say the music from their younger years is the best compared to other times. So far, scientists 31 (do) some research. They have found this may be due to something called the “memory bump (记忆隆起)”. According to the research, the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are particularly strong. This period 32 (heavy) influences our favourite books, films, and especially music. This is 33 musical memories are stored in a “safe” area of the brain, which is more protected against age-related conditions. As a result, the music we listen to 34 these years is often remembered more fondly (充满感情地) than music from other periods in our lives. More importantly, “music is episodic (片段的)”, Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. “If you look at 35 artwork or something, you can look at it and leave at any time. Music is over time.” That means music is 36 (connect) with episodes in your life. Music from our younger years 37 (create) strong feelings, mixing happy and sad feelings when we listen to it. When the songs are related to your experiences and you listen to them again, memories of those experiences 38 (come) back. Sometimes, with a change in experience, the 39 (sad) you felt before when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to something from a harder time in your 40 (young) life can bring a sense of relief now. 【答案】 31．have done 32．heavily 33．because 34．during 35．an 36．connected 37．creates 38．will come 39．sadness 40．younger 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了为什么人们总是认为年轻时的音乐是最好的。 31．句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经做了一些研究。根据“So far”可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语scientists是复数，助动词用have，do的过去分词是done。故填have done。 32．句意：这段时期极大地影响着我们最喜欢的书籍、电影，尤其是音乐。此处需要用副词修饰动词influences，heavy的副词形式是heavily“极大地；严重地”。故填heavily。 33．句意：这是因为音乐记忆储存在大脑的“安全”区域，该区域更能抵御与年龄相关的状况。前文说明现象，后文解释原因，故用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 34．句意：因此，我们在这些年里听的音乐往往比我们人生其他时期的音乐更让人满怀深情地记住。根据“from ages 10 to 30”以及“these years”可知，此处指代在10到30岁这些年期间，用during“在……期间”符合语境。故填during。 35．句意：如果你看一件艺术品之类的东西，你可以随时看它、放下它。根据“artwork”可知，此处指一件艺术品，表示泛指，且artwork发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 36．句意：这意味着音乐与你生活中的片段相关联。be connected with是固定短语，意为“与……相关联”，此处用connect的过去分词形式connected构成被动结构。故填connected。 37．句意：我们年轻时的音乐会产生强烈的情感，当我们聆听时，欢乐与悲伤交织。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Music是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，create的第三人称单数是creates“产生”。故填creates。 38．句意：当这些歌曲与你的经历相关，你再次聆听时，那些经历的记忆就会回来。根据“When”可知，此句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will come。 39．句意：有时，随着经历的变化，你以前听一首歌时感受到的悲伤后来可能会变成快乐。定冠词“the”后接名词，sad的名词形式是sadness“悲伤”，为不可数名词。故填sadness。 40．句意：这可以解释为什么听你年轻时艰难时期的音乐现在能带来一种慰藉感。in one’s younger life是固定表达，意为“在某人年轻时”，young的比较级younger“更年轻的，年轻时的”。故填younger。 四、完成句子 41．她从小就梦想成为一名芭蕾舞演员，现在还在坚持训练。 She has dreamed of becoming a dancer she was a child and still keeps training. 【答案】 ballet since 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“芭蕾”和“从……”。第一空“芭蕾”对应的英文为“ballet”。本句为现在完成时，第二空引导时间状语从句，表示“从她小时候起”，所以用连词“since”。故填ballet；since。 42．近年来，我们城市发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes in our city in recent years. 【答案】have taken place 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺“(已经)发生”，再结合时间状语“in recent years”及语境可知，此处应指城市从过去(近年来)开始发生变化一直持续到现在，给现在的城市带来的结果或状态，即“城市已经发生了显著的变化”，时态应为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，且该句主语“Great changes”为第三人称复数形式，助动词应用have；take place“发生”，为动词短语，此处应用take的过去分词与之构成现在完成时。故填have taken place。 43．到目前为止，露西已经参观了北京的很多名胜古迹。 Lucy in Beijing so far. 【答案】has visited many places of interest 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“已经参观了很多名胜古迹”。根据句末“so far”可知，使用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语Lucy为第三人称单数，所以使用has visited“已经参观了”；many“许多”，后接可数名词复数；place of interest“名胜古迹”，固定搭配，变复数时，只需在place后加s。故填has visited many places of interest。 44．She started to volunteer in the nature reserve five years ago. (同义句转换) She as a volunteer in the nature reserve for five years. 【答案】 has worked 【详解】句意：她五年前开始在自然保护区从事志愿服务工作。根据句意可转化成：她已经在自然保护区担任志愿者五年了。时态是现在完成时have/has done，主语是She，助动词用has，work as“担任”，work的过去分词是worked。故填has；worked。 45．My brother joined the army last year. (改为同义句) My brother in the army since last year. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：我哥哥去年参军了。根据“since last year”可知，需要用现在完成时，“joined the army”参军，其中joined是瞬间动词，不能与持续时间连用，需转换为延续性表达“have/has been in”，主语My brother为第三人称单数，因此助动词用has。故填has；been。 46．这些自然奇观已经存在了数千年。 These natural wonders for thousands of years. 【答案】 have existed 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺谓语“已经存在”。exist是动词，表示“存在”；根据“for thousands of years”可知，该句用现在完成时，主语为“These natural wonders”，谓语动词应变为“have+过去分词”，即have existed。故填have；existed。 47．你曾经去过牙买加吗？ you Jamaica? 【答案】 Have ever visited 【详解】根据题干可知，时态用现在完成时，主语是you，结构用“have done”，且该句是一般疑问句，助动词have置于句首，首字母大写；ever“曾经”，副词；visit“参观，拜访”，应用过去分词visited。故填Have；ever；visited。 48．Lucy went to Beijing last week. (改为现在完成时) Lucy to Beijing. 【答案】 has gone/been 【详解】句意：露西上周去了北京。原句为一般过去时，要改为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，因为主语Lucy是第三人称单数，故要用has；go的过去分词为gone，表示“去了还未回”；因题干未体现是否已回，如果表示“去过已返回”，则需用been。故填has；gone/been。 49．自从我回到伦敦，我已经和我的同学分享了我的照片。 I my photos with my classmates since I returned to London. 【答案】 have shared 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“已经分享”。share“分享”，动词，share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”。句尾有时间状语从句“since I returned to London”，表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“I”为第一人称单数，助动词用“have”；动词“share”的过去分词为“shared”。故填have；shared。 50．He has finished his project about indoor hobbies. (改为否定句) He his project about indoor hobbies yet. 【答案】 hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：他已经完成了关于室内爱好的项目。句子为现在完成时，改为否定句需要在助动词has后加not，缩写为hasn’t，后面的过去分词finished保持不变。故填hasn’t；finished。 51．He finished reading The Secret Garden last week.（用already改写） He finished reading The Secret Garden. 【答案】 has already 【详解】句意：他上周读完了《秘密花园》。原句时态为一般过去时，用already改写时，句子时态要变为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has，already放在助动词has之后，实义动词finished之前。故填has；already。 52．我已经读了《哈利・波特》系列的所有书，它们是我最喜欢的奇幻小说。 I all the Harry Potter books. They are my favourite fantasy novels. 【答案】have read 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处表达“已经读了”，强调动作从过去开始并持续到现在，需要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”；主语是I，助动词用have，“读”的过去分词为read。故填have read。 53．He started to learn English when he was 6 years old. (同义句转换) He English since he was 6 years old. 【答案】 has learned/learnt 【详解】句意：他六岁的时候就开始学习英语了。原句“started to learn English when he was 6”表示“6 岁开始学英语”，同义句用现在完成时，表达“从6岁起一直学英语到现在”，对应“since he was 6 years old”；主语为“He”，助动词应用has，动词learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填has；learned/learnt。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。考查时态。started一般过去时；has started现在完成时；will start一般将来时。根据“already”可知，政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划，本句应使用现在完成时。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 3．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 4．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意： 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直受到公众的欢迎。 考查现在完成时。根据“since it came out”可知，句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去，因此需要使用现在完成时态，has been popular表示“一直受欢迎”。故选A。 5．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——她借了这本科学书多久了？我想向她借这本书。——将近三周了。我想她可能已经读完了。考查现在完成时。根据“How long has...”可知，本句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用，必须用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，不符合，需要变为对应的延续性动词have，过去分词为had。故选B。 6．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Lots of tourists from the southern part of China ________ Harbin twice. A．have been in B．have gone to C．have been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多来自中国南方的游客去过哈尔滨两次。 考查时态。have been in待在某地；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been to去过某地，已经回来。根据“Harbin twice”可知是去过两次，已经回来，用have been to。故选C。 7．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 8．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经参观过盐城公园好几次了，所以我对它了解很多。考查现在完成时。根据句中的“several times”可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选B。 9．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already. A．eat B．ate C．have eaten 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——宋先生，你想吃点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我不饿。我已经吃了一些粽子。 考查动词时态。结合“already”可知此处需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 10．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it? —________ a week. A．keep, For B．borrow, For C．lend, In 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书值得一读。我可以借多久？——一周。考查动词及介词辨析。keep保存，延续性动词；borrow借入，非延续性动词；lend借出，非延续性动词；For连接一段时间；In后接年、月、季节等。第一空与How long连用，应用延续性动词；第二空“a week”表一段时间，用For。故选A。 11．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——露西，王先生在哪里？——他去北京参加会议了。考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，还没回来；has been to去了某地，已经回来；has been in待在某地。分析句子可知，对话发生时王先生不在，可知他去北京还未回来，应用has gone to。故选A。 12．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：快点！电影已经开始十分钟了。考查时态。根据“for ten minutes”可知电影已经开始十分钟了，用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。begin是非延续性动词，延续性动词是be on。故选C。 13．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：格林先生在中国已经五年了。考查现在完成时。has been to去过，是短暂性动词；has gone to去了，是短暂性动词；has been in在，是延续性动词；has come to已经来到，是短暂性动词。此处与“for five years”连用，故用延续性动词或者表示延续性状态的短语，故选C。 14．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Alex自从2010年来到中国开始研究茶文化。考查现在完成时。根据“Alex ... tea culture since he came to China in 2010.”可知，强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，此处用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 15．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 16．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat. A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。考查时态。根据“Since I was born”可知主句用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。 17．（2024·江西·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A．came B．were coming C．will come D．have come 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——哦，嗨，我想买双鞋。——嗯，你来对地方了。我们店里有很多鞋子。 考查现在完成时。根据“Well, you ... to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop.”可知，强调来对地方对现在有影响——能买到想要的鞋子，所以用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 18．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. A．in; with B．for; of C．on; in D．from; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我非常想念比尔，因为我们已经两年没见面了。——我也是。每当我看到这张照片，都会想起我们一起度过的快乐日子。考查现在完成时及动词短语。根据“we haven’t seen each other…two years”可知，此处是现在完成时，与“for+一段时间”连用，第一空应填for。第二空考查短语remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。故选B。 19．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A．been to B．gone to C．been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你去过长城吗？——是的，我去过。我上次学校旅行时去了那里。考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地，已经回来；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been in待在某地。根据“I went there on our last school trip.”可知，“我”去过长城，且已经回来了，应用have been to。故选A。 20．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A．has been B．has to go C．has gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以和王红通话吗？——对不起，她不在家。她去北京了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地，已经回来；has to go to不得不去；has gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“she is not at home”可知，王红不在家，即她去了北京，还未回来，应用has gone to。故选C。 21．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? —Yes, it ________ over 10 years since it started. A．was B．had been C．has D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道“一带一路”吗？——知道，从开始到现在已经有10多年了。考查现在完成时。根据“it ... over 10 years since it started”可知，此处强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，故选D。 22．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A．spreads B．is spreading C．will spread D．has spread 【答案】D 【详解】句意：太极拳作为中国传统武术，迄今已传播到世界150多个国家。考查动词时态。根据“so far”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 23．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A．will work B．have worked C．is working 【答案】B 【详解】句意：神舟十八号航天员自今年4月发射升空以来，已在天宫空间站工作了约两个月。考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处是含since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句时态用一般过去时，主句时态应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 24．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—Tina, when did you come to Guangyuan? —Oh, many years ago. I ________ here since I was five. A．have gone B．have been C．was D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你什么时候来的广元？——哦，很多年前了。我从五岁起就一直在这里。 考查动词时态。根据“since”可知句子应用现在完成时；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been in待在某地。根据“here since I was five.”可知此处表示一直待在那里，用have been in，空后是地点副词here，省略介词in。故选B。 25．（2023·上海·中考真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——基蒂，明天你愿意和我一起去看花展吗？——谢谢你的邀请，但我已经去过那里了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。故选C。 二、语法选择 （2024·重庆·中考真题）My grandma is almost 80 years old, and she looks very healthy. She was 26 math teacher many years ago. She has been away from her work 27 over 20 years ago. Every morning, she 28 up early and makes breakfast for my family. She doesn’t want us 29 outside. She is always saying, “Don’t you think mine is 30 than theirs?” Many elderly people like dancing together in the neighborhood, but my grandma doesn’t. She never joins 31 . I ask her why. “I’m not that old,” she smiles. My grandma enjoys walking. She says it is good for her 32 . She often takes walks in the parks. These days, she has a new 33 . She has fallen in love with city walks. “I can talk to people 34 I am walking with them. I can also enjoy the beauty and the changes of the city. In the next few years, I 35 to every corner of the city,” she says. I hope my grandma will be young, healthy and happy forever! 26．A．a B．an C．the 27．A．in B．at C．since 28．A．get B．gets C．got 29．A．eat B．ate C．to eat 30．A．good B．better C．best 31．A．they B．them C．theirs 32．A．health B．healthy C．healthily 33．A．hobby B．hobbies C．hobby’s 34．A．after B．before C．while 35．A．walk B．walked C．will walk 【答案】 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．A 34．C 35．C 【导语】本文作者介绍了自己奶奶。 26．句意：许多年前她是一名数学老师。 a用于辅音音素前； an用于元音音素前；the表示特指。此处表示泛指，math以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选A。 27．句意：她离开工作已经20多年了。 in在……里面；at在；since自从。本句主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去式，应用since引导，故选C。 28．句意：每天早上，她起得很早，为我的家人做早餐。 get动词原形；gets动词三单；got动词过去式。根据“Every morning”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故选B。 29．句意：她不想让我们在外面吃饭。 eat吃，动词原形；ate动词过去式；to eat动词不定式。want sb to do sth“想要某人做某事”，为固定短语，故选C。 30．句意：你不觉得我的比他们的好吗？ good好的；better更好；best最高。根据“than”可知，应用比较级，故选B。 31．句意：她从不加入他们。 they他们；them他们；theirs他们的。空处作动词的宾语，应用宾格them，故选B。 32．句意：她说这对她的健康有好处。 health健康；healthy健康的；healthily健康地。her是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词health，故选A。 33．句意：最近，她有了一个新的爱好。 hobby爱好，单数；hobbies复数；hobby’s所有格形式。前面有不定冠词a，应用单数名词，故选A。 34．句意：当我和别人一起走的时候，我可以和他们说话。 after之后；before之前；while与……同时。分析题干可知，后句是过去进行时，表示动作上的伴随，这里应用while引导时间状语从句，故选C。 35．句意：在接下来的几年里，我将步行到城市的每一个角落。 walk动词原形；walked动词过去式；will walk一般将来时。根据“In the next few years”可知，句子是一般将来时，故选C。 三、短文填空 （2024·四川自贡·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Zigong Lantern Festival shows the wisdom and culture of people in Zigong. In 2008, the festival 36 (become) a national-level intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产). So far the Zigong lantern festival 37 (reach) many places in China and more than eighty 38 (country) around the world. Wan Songtao is 39 important leader of a lantern-making company in Zigong. He spent his every vacation 40 (learn) lantern-making from his father when he was a teenager. 41 (get) better at designing (设计), Wan studied fine art in college. One of the most important parts of making a large lantern is designing. “We used to design the lanterns all by ourselves,” said Wan. “ 42 (lucky), we can use AI for good ideas now.” Besides AI, other technologies are also very 43 (help). “The great success of Zigong lanterns comes 44 team effort,” said Wan. His favorite work The sundial in 2024 is the work of over 80 Zigong lantern makers as well as a group of engineers. It took them over 4,000 hours to make it 45 bring it to the park. 【答案】 36．became 37．has reached 38．countries 39．an 40．learning 41．To get 42．Luckily 43．helpful 44．from 45．and 【导语】本文主要介绍了自贡元宵节的影响以及现代科技对设计灯笼的影响。 36．句意：2008年，该节日被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。根据“In 2008”可知，此处是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填became。 37．句意：到目前为止，自贡元宵节已经传到了中国许多地方和世界上80多个国家。根据So far可知，此处用现在完成时have/has done的结构，主语是单数形式，助动词用has，故填has reached。 38．句意：到目前为止，自贡元宵节已经传到了中国许多地方和世界上80多个国家。根据“more than eighty”可知，此空应填复数形式，故填countries。 39．句意：万松涛是自贡一家灯笼制作公司的重要领导。此处表示泛指，且important是以元音音素开头的，故填an。 40．句意：十几岁的时候，他每个假期都跟着父亲学习制作灯笼。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填learning。 41．句意：为了更好地设计，他在大学学习美术。根据“better at designing (设计), Wan studied fine art in college.”可知，在大学学习美术是为了更好地设计，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To get。 42．句意：幸运的是，我们现在可以用人工智能来想出好主意。此空位于开头，且空格后有逗号隔开，应填副词作状语。根据“we can use AI for good ideas now.”可知，现在可以用人工智能来想出好主意，这是一件幸运的事，故填Luckily。 43．句意：除了人工智能，其他技术也很有帮助。are后接形容词作表语，helpful“有帮助的”符合，故填helpful。 44．句意：自贡灯笼的巨大成功来自于团队的努力。根据“The great success of Zigong lanterns comes…team effort”可知，成功来自于团队的努力，come from“来自”，故填from。 45．句意：他们花了4000多个小时制作并把它带到公园。空格前后是并列关系，用and连接，故填and。 （2024·四川南充·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。 Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 46 (one) Chinese character (汉字). Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 47 (story). It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 48 (usual) started at 3 or 4 a.m., and revised (修改) the pieces several times until she was 49 (satisfy). In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 50 success. The book earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy (同情). “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans, “The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past. 51 them, I could never have finished this book.” So far, the elderly woman 52 (publish) six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never too late. I enjoy 53 (I) when writing,“ Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 54 eating a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 55 (start) after 60?” she says jokingly. 【答案】 46．first 47．stories 48．usually 49．satisfied 50．a 51．Without 52．has published 53．myself 54．and 55．to start 【导语】本文通过描述姜淑梅在60岁以后开始学习汉字并成为作家的故事，告诉我们：活到老，学到老。 46．句意：1996年，她学会了第一个汉字。根据“she learned her...Chinese character (汉字).”可知，空处是指学会了第一个汉字，需用序数词first，意为“第一个”。故填first。 47．句意：16年后，她开始写下自己的一些故事。根据“some of her own...”可知，空处需填入复数名词。stories“故事”。故填stories。 48．句意：她通常在凌晨3、4点开始，把作品修改几次，直到满意为止。修饰空后动词“started”需用副词usually，意为“通常”。故填usually。 49．句意：她通常在凌晨3、4点开始，把作品修改几次，直到满意为止。be动词后跟形容词作表语；satisfy的形容词为satisfied，意为“满意的”。故填satisfied。 50．句意：2013年，她的书《乱时候，穷时候》出版并取得了成功。空处泛指“一个成功”，且“success”以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 51．句意：没有它们，我永远也写不完这本书。根据“The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past.”和“them, I could never have finished this book.”可知，此处是指没有书中提及的困难，姜淑梅写不出这本书。without“没有”。故填Without。 52．句意：到目前为止，这位老妇人已经出版了六本书，总长度超过60万字。根据“So far,”可知，本句是现在完成时(have/has done)，主语是单数，助动词用has；publish的过去分词为published。故填has published。 53．句意：我很享受写作的过程。enjoy oneself表示“尽情享受，过得愉快”；此处需用myself与主语I保持一致。故填myself。 54．句意：她过着健康的生活，每天锻炼，饮食均衡。“exercising every day”和“eating a balanced diet.”并列，需用连词and表示“和”。故填and。 55．句意：如果我能活到130岁，你还会说我60岁以后再开始太迟吗？it is adj for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……”，固定短语。故填to start。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $