巩固05 各单元语法突破及精练-2026年八年级英语寒假衔接回归教材复习与预习重难点突破(新教材人教版)

2026-01-30
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巩固05 各单元语法突破及精练 不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 1. 不定代词的句法功能 不定代词 成分 all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 every,no 在句中只能作定语 2.不定代词的基本语法 (1)some、any的用法 用法 例句 some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词) Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词) some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。 Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何" If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。 Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的" Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 (2)few,a few,little,a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少,但有几个 a little虽少,但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多,几乎没有 little不多,没有什么 (3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法 用法 例句 other 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗? (4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法 用法 例句 all ①侧重指三者或三者以上"都,全部,一切",在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语; all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。 All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 both ①表示"两者都",可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语; ②用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither; ③both... and"两者都,既……又……"。 They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 none ①意为"没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语; ②none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 either ①表示"两者中任何一个",可作主语、宾语和定语; ②either作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。 You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。 【知识拓展】 (1)either可用于搭配"either... or...",意为"或者……或者……;要么……要么……"。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 (2)either可作为副词,意为"也",用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去,我也不去。 neither ①意为"两者都不",可作主语、宾语和定语; ②neither... nor..."既不……也不……"。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 【易错警示】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。 3.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) -one someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人) -thing something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每件事) 复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 如:Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在其后。如: There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。写作佳句 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗? 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型: ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做,只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody, anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。如: He thinks himself somebody, but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物,但我们觉得他什么也不是。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Not exactly. A.something interesting B.anything interesting C.interesting anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——今天的报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?——不完全是。考查不定代词用法。something interesting一些有趣的事(常用于肯定句);anything interesting任何有趣的事(常用于否定句或疑问句);interesting anything语序错误。形容词修饰不定代词时,需后置,故排除C选项;根据“Is there...in today’s newspaper?”可知,句子是一个一般疑问句,且表示询问是否有某事发生(而非表示请求或建议),通常使用anything。故选B。 2.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Yes, there’s big news about the Olympic Games. A.anything important B.important anything C.something important D.important something 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——今天的报纸上有什么重要的事吗?——是的,有关于奥运会的重大新闻。考查复合不定代词与形容词的位置关系。anything important任何重要的事;important anything错误语序;something important某些重要的事;important something错误语序。在英语中,形容词修饰复合不定代词(如 anything、something)时,形容词需后置。又因问句是一般疑问句,通常用anything而不用something。故选A。 3.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Did you go ________ during the holiday? —Yes, I visited the ancient town in Dali with my family. A.somewhere interesting B.anywhere interesting C.interesting somewhere D.interesting anywhere 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你假期去了有趣的地方吗?——是的,我和家人去了大理的一个古镇。考查不定代词和形容词后置。somewhere interesting某个有趣的地方,用于肯定句或期待肯定回答的疑问句;anywhere interesting任何有趣的地方,用于否定句或疑问句;interesting somewhere错误表达;interesting anywhere错误表达。原句是一般疑问句,应用anywhere,且形容词修饰复合不定代词时应后置。故选B。 4.(25-26八年级上·四川攀枝花·期末)—You have just read the newspaper. Did you find ________ in it? —No, ________. A.interesting anything; everything B.anything interesting; nothing C.interesting something; anything D.interesting nothing; something 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你刚看完报纸。你在里面发现什么有趣的东西了吗?——不,没有什么有趣的。考查不定代词及定语后置。anything任何事,用于否定句或疑问句;everything一切;something某事;nothing没有什么;interesting有趣的。根据“Did you find ... in it?”可知,句子是一般疑问句,询问报纸里有什么有趣的事情,用anything,且形容词修饰不定代词,需放在不定代词后面,因此空一处为anything interesting;根据“No”可知,空二处是指报纸里没有什么有趣的事情,用nothing。故选B。 5.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末)The Yangtze River is longer than ________ river in China. A.any B.any other C.the other D.other 【答案】B 【详解】句意:长江比中国的任何其他河流都长。考查比较级的用法。any任何;any other任何其他的;the other(两者中的)另一个;other其他的。根据“The Yangtze River is longer than...river in China”可知,长江是中国的河流,在同一范围内比较时,要用“any other+单数名词”,表示“比其他任何一个……都……”,排除自身。故选B。 6.(25-26八年级上·云南大理·期末)—The cake tastes delicious, Peter! Did ________ help you with cooking? — Yes! My grandmother taught me a lot. A.someone B.everyone C.anyone D.no one 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——彼得,这蛋糕尝起来真美味!是有人帮你一起做的吗?——是的!我奶奶教了我很多。 考查不定代词辨析。someone某人;everyone每个人;anyone任何人;no one没有人。根据答语“My grandmother taught me a lot.”可知,问句是在询问是否“有人”帮忙,且疑问句中用anyone。故选C。 7.(25-26八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末)There is ________ wrong with my throat—I can hardly speak. I need to see a doctor. A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的喉咙有些问题——我几乎说不出话。我需要看医生。考查不定代词辨析。something某事/某物;everything一切;anything任何事物;nothing没有东西。根据“I can hardly speak. I need to see a doctor.”可知喉咙有些问题,且本句为肯定句,用“something”。故选A。 8.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)—I want to draw a cat, but I can’t find ______ in my pencil case. —Sorry, I have no pencil, either. A.something. B.everything. C.anything. D.nothing. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我想画一只猫,但在我的铅笔盒里找不到任何东西。——对不起,我也没有铅笔。 考查不定代词辨析。something 某物;everything 一切;anything 任何东西;nothing 没有东西。根据“I can’t find…in my pencil case”可知,在否定句中表示“任何东西”应用 anything。故选C。 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林松原·期末)Can you do the work well with _______ time and ______ people? A.less; few B.few; little C.less; fewer 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你能用更少的时间和更少的人把这项工作做好吗?考查形容词比较级。根据“Can you do the work well with...time and...people?”可知,此题存在比较之意,即“更少的时间和更少的人”,因此需用形容词的比较级形式,先排除B选项;第一空后time为不可数名词,修饰不可数名词表示“少的”应用little,其比较级为less,第二空后people为可数名词,修饰可数名词复数表示“少的”应用few,其比较级为fewer,因此第一空填less,第二空填fewer。故选C。 10.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Did you do ________ on New Year’s Day? —Of course. We got together and had a big meal. A.something special B.anything special C.special something D.special anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你在元旦做了什么特别的事吗?——当然。我们聚在一起吃了一顿大餐。考查不定代词和形容词的顺序。something某事,常用于肯定句;anything任何事,常用于否定句和疑问句。二者都是不定代词,当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词后面,所以排除C、D选项;根据“Did you do...on New Year’s Day?”可知,此句为一般疑问句。故选B。 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的定义 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么? —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了? —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪? —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 4. 一般过去时的用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? (2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。 (3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 (4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. (5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意: (1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—How does your father go to work? —My father ________ to work by bike every day, but he ________ by taxi this morning because there was something wrong with the bike. A.go; go B.goes; went C.went; goes D.will go; went 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你爸爸怎么去上班?——我爸爸每天骑自行车去上班,但他今天早上是坐出租车去的,因为自行车出故障了。考查时态辨析。go去,动词原形;goes去,第三人称单数形式;went去,动词过去式;will go将要去,一般将来时。根据时间状语“every day”可知,此处表示经常性动作,应用一般现在时。主语“My father”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用goes;根据时间状语“this morning”以及there was”可知,此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,go的过去式为went。故选B。 2.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)Tom and his little brother ______ just now, because they both wanted to play the new game first. A.fights B.is fighting C.fought D.will fight 【答案】C 【详解】句意:汤姆和他的弟弟刚才打架了,因为他们都想先玩那个新游戏。考查动词时态。fights一般现在时第三人称单数;is fighting现在进行时;fought过去式;will fight一般将来时。根据时间状语just now(刚才)可知,动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时。故选C。 3.(25-26八年级上·天津南开·期末)—What a lovely dog! How long ________ you ________ it? —For one week. My aunt ________ it to me as a gift last week. A.have; had; gave B.did; buy; gave C.have; bought; gave D.did; have; gives 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——多可爱的狗啊!你养它多久了?——一周了。我姑姑上周把它作为礼物送给了我。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据答语中“For one week.”可知,此处表示动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时结构“have/has+过去分词”。在“How long”引导的特殊疑问句中,谓语动词须用延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用,需用延续性动词have表示“拥有;饲养”。主语you为第二人称,助动词用have,谓语动词过去分词为had。故第一空用have;第二空用had。根据答语中时间状语“last week”可知,第三空处表示过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式gave。故选A。 4.(25-26八年级上·北京朝阳·期末)In 2018, Niu Yu ________ a half marathon in about four hours with an artificial leg. A.finishes B.finished C.was finishing D.will finish 【答案】B 【详解】句意:2018年,牛钰用一条假肢在约四小时内完成了一场半程马拉松。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“In 2018”可知,动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选B。 5.(25-26八年级上·北京延庆·期末)—Peter, what did you do last Sunday? —I _________ basketball with my classmates. A.play B.will play C.played D.was playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——彼得,你上周日做了什么?——我和我的同学们打篮球了。考查动词时态。play玩,一般现在时;will play将玩,一般将来时;played玩,一般过去时;was playing正在玩,过去进行时。根据问句中的“last Sunday”可知,是上周日,动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时。故选C。 6.(25-26八年级上·北京石景山·期末)I ________ my grandma clean the garden last Sunday. A.help B.helped C.will help D.was helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意:上周日我帮助我的奶奶打扫了花园。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last Sunday”可知,动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时。使用动词过去式helped。故选B。 7.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末)We ________ in cash, but now we ________ by mobile phone. A.used to pay; are used to pay B.used to pay; are used to paying C.are used to paying; are used to pay D.were used to pay; are used to paying 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们过去常常用现金支付,但现在我们习惯用手机支付。考查动词短语的用法。used to pay过去常常支付;are used to pay被用来支付;are used to paying习惯支付;were used to pay被用来支付。第一空表示“过去常常用现金支付”,应用used to do;第二空表示“现在习惯用手机支付”,应用are used to doing。故选B。 8.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭·期末)There ________ a book and two pens on the desk yesterday. A.is B.are C.was 【答案】C 【详解】句意:昨天桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。考查主谓一致和时态。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知,句子需用一般过去时;在There be句型中,be动词的形式由最靠近它的名词“a book”(单数)决定,因此用was。故选C。 9.(25-26八年级上·广东·期末)She used ________ in a primary school. A.to teaching B.to teach C.for teaching D.taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意:她过去在一所小学教学。考查固定搭配。to teaching,to teach的干扰形式;to teach动词不定式;for teaching介词+动名词;taught过去式。固定搭配“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”,因此空格处应填动词不定式“to teach”。故选B。 10.(25-26八年级上·北京海淀·期末)It ________ last night, so the air outside is really fresh and clean now. A.rained B.rains C.will rain D.rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意:昨晚下雨了,所以现在外面的空气非常清新干净。考查动词时态。rained下雨了,过去式;rains下雨,第三人称单数;will rain将要下雨,一般将来时;rain下雨,动词原形。根据时间状语“last night”可知,动作发生在过去,时态为一般过去时,因此需用动词的过去式。故填rained。 情态动词can的用法 1.can是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态的变化,它的过去式为could,其后可直接接动词原形,其用法如下: 用法 例句 (1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。 Can you swim?你会游泳吗? Can you answer the question?你能回答这个问题吗? (2)表示许可,意为“可以”,相当于may(比may更口语化,may较正式)。此外,could也可以表示许可,语气更加委婉。 Can you help me?你能帮我吗? You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。 Could you help me find it?你能帮我找到它吗? (3)用于提出邀请。对其作肯定回答通常用“Sure./Of course./Certainly./Yes,I'd love (like) to.”等,作否定回答通常用“Sorry/No,I can't.”等。 —Can he come to my party?他能来参加我的宴会吗? —Yes.He'd love to.是的。他很乐意。 —Can you go to the baseball game?你能去看棒球比赛吗? —Sorry,I can't.对不起,我不能。 (4)用于否定句或疑问句中,表示推测。 Mr.Wang can't be at home.王老师不可能在家里。 2.can句式变化 (1)在变否定句时,直接在后面加上“not”,写作can't或cannot。如: I can speak French.我会讲法语。 →I can't speak French.我不会讲法语。 (2)在变一般疑问句时,can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人称)即可。如: I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。 →Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗? 其肯定回答可用yes,OK或certainly等;否定回答可用no或sorry等。如: —Can you look after my books,please?你能照看一下我的书吗? —OK.可以。 用certainly回答语气更为肯定。如: —Can I see your guitar?我能看看你的吉他吗? —Certainly.当然可以。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Jim, ________ I use your computer? —Yes, of course you ________. A.could; could B.can; should C.can; must D.could; can 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——吉姆,我可以用一下你的电脑吗?——当然可以。考查情态动词。could(can的过去式)可以,表示更委婉的请求;can可以,表示允许或能力;should应该;must必须。问句表示委婉请求,用could更礼貌;答句表示肯定允许,用can回答。故选D。 2.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Could I finish watching this show, mum? —Sorry, you ________. You need to finish your homework first. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——妈妈,我能看完这个节目吗?——抱歉,你不能。你需要先完成作业。考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;couldn’t不能(过去式或表示推测);can’t不能,不可以。问句“Could I…?”是委婉请求许可。答语表示拒绝许可,应用“can’t”或“mustn’t”。但“mustn’t”语气更强硬,表示“禁止”;“can’t”更常用于日常拒绝。根据语境,母亲拒绝请求并给出理由,用“can’t”更自然。故选D。 3.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)—______ I move the table in the living room? It takes up too much space. —Sure, let me help you. A.Must B.Can C.Should D.Need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我可以把客厅里的桌子挪开吗?它占了太多空间。——当然,我来帮你。 考查情态动词辨析。Must必须;Can可以;Should应该;Need需要。根据答语“Sure, let me help you.”可知,此处是请求许可,应用“Can I...?”表示“我可以……吗?”。故选B。 4.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Could you give me a lift? My car is broken. —Of course I ________. It’s my pleasure to lend you a hand. A.can B.can’t C.couldn’t D.could 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你能载我一程吗?我的车坏了。——当然可以。帮你一把是我的荣幸。 考查情态动词的用法。can能,会;can’t不能;couldn’t不能,could的否定式;could能,会,can的过去式,或表委婉请求/许可。问句中“Could you...”是委婉请求,答语需用一般现在时的“can”回应实际的能力/许可,而非过去式,且根据“Of course”和“It’s my pleasure”可知是肯定回答。故选A。 5.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭地·期末)—Can you go to the concert with me this evening? —Sorry, I ________. I have to prepare for the English test tomorrow. A.won’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——今晚你能和我一起去演唱会吗?——对不起,我不能。我必须为明天的英语考试做准备。考查情态动词辨析。won’t将不会;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。问句用“Can you...”发出邀请,否定回答需用can’t来表示“不能”。故选B。 26.(25-26八年级上·海南海口·期末)I’m sure everyone ________ have fun and gain knowledge in the museum. A.might B.can C.should 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我确信每个人在博物馆里能够玩得开心并学到知识。考查情态动词辨析。might可能;can能够;should应该。句中“I’m sure”表达强烈确定性,需选择表示能力或可能性的情态动词,而“might”表示较弱的可能性,“should”强调义务,均不符合句意。can强调“能够”在博物馆中实现乐趣和学习,符合语境。故选B。 7.(24-25八年级上·四川乐山·期末)—Look at the man running after the bus! Is that Mr. White? —It ________ be him. He is in Shanghai now. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——看那个追赶公交车的人!那是怀特先生吗?——那不可能是他。他现在在上海。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能,表示否定推测;mustn’t不准,表示禁止;needn’t不必,表示不需要。根据“He is in Shanghai now.”可知,怀特先生在上海,因此追赶公交车的人不可能是他,需用can’t表示“不可能”的推测。故选A。 8.(25-26八年级上·甘肃平凉·期末)________ you help clean the rooms after lunch? I have something else to do. A.Need B.Must C.Can D.Should 【答案】C 【详解】句意:午饭后你可以帮忙打扫房间吗?我还有其他事情要做。 考查情态动词辨析。Need需要,表示必要性;Must必须,表示义务或强制;Can能、可以,表示能力、请求或可能性;Should应该,表示建议或责任。根据“I have something else to do”可知,说话者是在礼貌请求对方帮忙,“Can you...?”常用于日常请求中,符合情境。故选C。 9.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)________ you smell something burning (燃烧的)? Go and see what’s happening. A.Can B.May C.Must 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你能闻到什么东西烧焦了吗?快去看看吧。 考查情态动词辨析。Can能(表能力、询问感知);May可以、可能(表许可、较弱的推测);Must必须、一定(表义务、肯定推测)。根据后句“Go and see what’s happening.”可知,说话人是询问对方是否能感知到烧焦的气味,因此用Can表示 “能否(闻到)”。故选A。 10.(25-26八年级上·云南文山·期末)—________ I borrow your dictionary? I left mine at home. —Sorry, I’m afraid you ________ because I’m using it. A.Could; can B.Could; can’t C.Must; can D.Must; can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我能借用一下你的词典吗?我的落在家了。——抱歉,恐怕你不能借,因为我在用。   考查情态动词。Could能、可以,表示委婉请求;can能、可以;can’t不能;Must必须。根据“... I borrow your dictionary?”可知第一空表示委婉请求,用Could;根据“because I’m using it”可知应拒绝,表示“不能”,用can’t。故选B。 情态动词could的用法 一、情态动词could作为can的过去式时,表示过去的能力和可能性,其否定形式为could not,可缩写为couldn’t。 Eg:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗了。 Judy couldn’t have enough money for a car. 朱迪不可能有足够的钱买汽车。 二、情态动词could可用于礼貌地提出要求或征询许可,此时并非can的过去式。 用法和句式 示例 提出请求: Could you please (not) do ...? Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你去遛遛狗好吗? 征询许可: Could I/we do ... ? Could I go out for dinner with my friends? 我能和朋友一起出去吃(晚)饭吗? 肯定回答常用语: Of course./Certainly./OK./Sure./No problem.等 否定回答常用语: Sorry./Certainly not./I’m afraid I can’t./No, you can’t等.+说明理由 —Could you please clean the room? 请你打扫一下房间好吗? —Sure. 当然可以。 —Could you open the windows? 你能打开窗户吗? —Sorry, but I have a cold. 抱歉,我感冒了。 【拓展延伸】 1.对提出请求或征询许可的句型做否定回答时,通常以sorry或I’m sorry开头。 Eg.—Could you help me with my English now? 你现在能帮我学英语吗? —I’m sorry, but I have a football match ten minutes later. 抱歉,我十分钟后要参加一场足球赛。 2.如果问句中使用could,回答时要用can或can’t,不能用could或couldn’t。 Eg.—Could I use your bike? 我能用一下你的自行车吗? —Sure, you can. 当然可以。 3.其他常见的表示委婉请求或征询许可的句型: (1)Will/Would you please do ...? 表示“请你做……好吗?” (2)Would you mind (not) doing ...? 表示“你介意(不)做……吗?” (3)May I ...? 表示“我可以……吗?” 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)— ________ I hang out with my friends after lunch? —Yes, but you have to clean up your room first. A.Could B.Must C.Should 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——午饭后我可以和朋友们出去玩吗?——可以,但你必须先打扫你的房间。 考查情态动词。Could可以(表示请求许可);Must必须;Should应该。根据“I hang out with my friends after lunch?”以及“Yes, but you have to clean up your room first.”可知,此处是请求许可,且答语表示允许,用Could表示委婉请求符合语境。故选A。 2.(25-26八年级上·云南玉溪·期末)—Tom, ________ you turn down the radio, please? I’m trying to work. —No problem. A.should B.could C.must D.might 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——汤姆,请你把收音机关小一点好吗?我正想工作呢。——没问题。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该,表示建议或义务;could可以,表示委婉请求;must必须,表示强制命令;might可能,表示可能性。根据“please”可知,这是一个礼貌的请求,应用表示委婉请求的could。Could you…?是常见的礼貌请求句式。故选B。 3.(25-26八年级上·海南省直辖县级单位·期末)—________we go to Hainan for the holiday, Dad? —Yes, you can. A.Should B.Could C.Will 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——爸爸,我们能不能去海南度假?——是的,你们可以。考查情态动词辨析。Should 应该;Could 能,可以(表示请求或许可);Will 将要。根据答语“Yes, you can.”可知,此处是请求许可,用Could表示委婉的询问。故选B。 4.(25-26八年级上·云南文山·期末)—I can’t lift the luggage. ________ you please give me a hand? —Sure. A.Need B.Should C.Must D.Could 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我提不动这个行李。你能帮我一下吗?——当然可以。 考查情态动词辨析。Need需要,通常不用于这种请求帮助的疑问句句式中;Should应该,不符合此处请求帮助的语境;Must必须,语气过于强硬,不适合用于请求别人帮忙;Could能,可以,常用来表示委婉、礼貌地请求,此处是请求对方帮忙提行李,用Could符合语境。故选D。 5.(25-26八年级上·北京海淀·期末)—________ I hang out with my friends after dinner? —Sure, but you have to finish your homework first. A.Could B.Must C.Will D.Would 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——晚饭后我可以和朋友们出去玩吗?——当然可以,但你得先完成作业。考查情态动词辨析。Could能,可以;Must必须;Will将;Would会。根据“…I hang out with my friends after dinner?”可知,此处是向对方提出请求,希望得到许可,“Could”符合“委婉请求允许”的语境。故选A。 6.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭地·期末)—________ you please pass me the salt, Tom? —Sure, here you are. A.Must B.Should C.Could 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你能把盐递给我吗,汤姆?——当然,给你。考查情态动词辨析。Must必须;Should应该;Could能,可以。根据语境,这是一个礼貌的请求,常用Could you表达委婉语气,而Must和Should带有强制性或建议性,不适用于此情境。故选C。 7.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)— ________ I put some flowers on the desk? —Yes, you can. A.Could B.Must C.Should 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我可以在桌子上放些花吗?——是的,你可以。 考查情态动词辨析。Could可以,表委婉请求;Must必须;Should应该。根据答语“Yes, you can.”可知,问句是询问是否可以,用Could表委婉请求,符合语境。故选A。 8.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)—Could you please communicate with me face to face? —Yes, I ________. I’ll wait for you in the meeting room. A.could B.can C.was able to 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你能和我面对面交流吗?——可以,我会在会议室等你。考查情态动词辨析。“Could you please...”是委婉请求的句式,其肯定回答需用“can”(不用 could);was able to表示过去有能力做某事,不符合语境。此处是当下的回应,can符合要求,故选B。 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)—_________ I borrow your glue to stick the photos? —Sure, here you are. A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Need 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我可以借你的胶水来贴照片吗?——当然,给你。考查情态动词。Must必须;Should应该;Could可以;Need需要。根据答语“Sure, here you are.”可知,表示同意请求,此处应该是礼貌地请求许可,Could常用于委婉表达请求,故选C。 10.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)—Dad, ________ I go to the cinema with my friends tonight? — Yes, but you must finish your homework first. A.must B.should C.need D.could 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——爸爸,我今晚可以和朋友们去看电影吗?——可以,但你必须先完成作业。 考查情态动词。must必须;should应该;need需要;could 可以(表示请求)。根据上下文可知,孩子的问题是在请求许可,爸爸的回答“Yes”表示同意,因此需用表示礼貌请求的情态动词could。故选D。 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.形容词和副词原级的用法 ①as+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。 ②not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as, 如:He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。 ③倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as, 如:This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。 2.形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①形容词/副词的比较级+than, 如:He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。 ②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than, 如:His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。 ③the+形容词的比较级+of the two+复数名词,“两者中较……的一个”, 如:He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 ④“形容词/副词的比较级+and+形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more+多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”,“越来越……”, 如:As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了,白天变得越来越长。 ⑤the+形容词/副词的比较级,the+形容词/副词的比较级,“越……,就越……”, 如:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。 ⑥a/an+形容词的比较级+名词单数/代词one,“一个更……的”, 如:The dress is a little big for me, so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大,所以我想换条小的。 ⑦修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, a little, twice, many times, a bit, rather等, 如:It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。 3.形容词和副词最高级的用法(用于三者或三者以上比较) ①in/of/among短语表示范围时,或从句表示“所见过的/听过的/去过的/吃过的”等意思时,如: Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever seen. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。 ②one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词,如: She is one of the tallest girls in our class. 她是我们班个子最高的女孩之一。 ③the+序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词+范围,如: Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。 【拓展】比较级与最高级之间的转化 1.比较级+than+any (other)+单数名词/the other+复数名词,可表示最高级。如: Tom is the tallest student in his class.= Tom is taller than any other student in his class. =Tom is taller than the other students in his class. 2.“否定词+比较级”也可表示最高级含义。如: -What a clear blue sky! -Yes, I have never seen a more beautiful sky. 4.形容词和副词的比较等级变化规则 (1)规则变化 构成方法 原级→比较级→最高级 直接在词尾加-er, -est fast→faster→fastest     long→longer→longest 以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r, -st large→larger→largest     nice→nicer→nicest brave→braver→bravest  late→later→latest w ide→wider→widest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先变y为i,再加 -er, -est happy→happier→happiest   easy→easier→easiest angry→angrier→angriest  ugly→uglier→ugliest early→earlier→earliest  busy→busier→busiest heavy→heavier→heaviest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母,再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest  fat→fatter→fattest thin→thinner→thinnest  wet→wetter→wettest hot→hotter→hottest  red→redder→reddest fit→fitter→fittest  glad→gladder→gladdest sad→sadder→saddest 部分双音节和多音节词,在其前加more, most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 good/well→better→best      many/much→more→most bad/badly→worse→worst far→farther/further→farthest/furthest old→older/elder→oldest/eldest little→less→least 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·云南曲靖·期末)Of the two pairs of jeans, the blue one looks ________. I’ll take it. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在这两条牛仔裤中,蓝色的那条看起来更好。我就要它了。考查形容词比较级。good好的;better更好的;best最好的;the best最好的。根据“Of the two pairs of jeans”可知,是在两者之间进行比较,应用比较级,“look better”意为“看起来更好”。故选B。 2.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Is that your brother? —Yes. My brother is ________ than me, but I’m as ________ as him. We both need to eat more healthy food. A.thinner; taller B.thinner; tall C.thin; taller D.thinnest; tall 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——那是你的哥哥吗?——是的。我哥哥比我瘦,但我和他一样高。我们都需要吃更健康的食物。考查形容词比较级和原级。thin瘦的,原级;thinner更瘦的,比较级;thinnest最瘦的,最高级;tall高的,原级;taller更高的,比较级。第一空后有than,需用比较级;第二空在“as…as”结构中,需用形容词原级。故选B。 3.(25-26八年级上·云南大理·期末)The saying “The ________ you work, the ________ joy you will find.” guides me in my daily life. A.hard; more B.harder; less C.hard; fewer D.harder; more 【答案】D 【详解】句意:俗话说“你工作越努力,你就会发现越多的快乐。”这指导着我的日常生活。考查“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。“the+比较级,the+比较级”是固定用法,意为“越……,越……”,所以第一空需用比较级harder,第二空表示“更多的快乐”,joy为不可数名词,用more修饰。故选D。 4.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—How do you like the painting? —I think it will be much ________ with some trees around. A.good B.better C.the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你觉得这幅画怎么样?——我觉得如果在周围加一些树会好得多。考查形容词比较级。good好的,原级;better更好的,比较级;the best最好的,最高级。根据语境,比较的是“现在没有树”和“周围有一些树”两种情况下的画作效果,暗含比较,且前面有much(……得多)修饰,应用比较级better。故选B。 5.(25-26八年级上·北京朝阳·期末)Digital technology has made our life ________ than it was ten years ago. A.convenient B.more convenient C.most convenient D.the most convenient 【答案】B 【详解】句意:数字技术使我们的生活比十年前更便利。考查形容词比较级。convenient便利的;more convenient更便利的;most convenient最便利的;the most convenient最便利的。根据“than”可知,此处需用比较级,且“convenient”是多音节形容词,比较级为“more convenient”。故选B。 6.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末)I learn ________ than others, so I need to start ________. A.slower; more early B.more slowly; more early C.slower; earlier D.more slowly; earlier 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我比别人学得更慢,所以我需要更早开始。考查副词比较级。slower更慢的,形容词比较级;more slowly更慢地,副词比较级;more early错误表达;earlier更早地,副词比较级。根据“I learn...than others, so I need to start...”可知,第一空修饰动词learn,要用副词比较级more slowly;第二空修饰动词start,early的比较级是earlier。故选D。 7.(25-26八年级上·吉林松原·期末)Steve asked the taxi driver to drive a little ________ because there was not enough time. A.faster B.fast C.more fast 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Steve让出租车司机开得稍微更快一点,因为时间不够了。 考查副词的比较级。faster更快,比较级形式;fast快,原级形式;more fast,形式错误。根据“a little…because there was not enough time”可知,此处需用比较级,表示稍微更快一点,因为时间不够了,fast的比较级是在词尾加-er。故选A。 8.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)Frank works ______ in our class, so he always comes first in different exams. A.harder B.hardest C.less hard D.least hard 【答案】B 【详解】句意:弗兰克在我们班上学习最努力,所以他在不同的考试中总是名列第一。考查副词最高级。harder更努力地;hardest最努力地;less hard不那么努力地;least hard最不努力地。根据“in our class”可知,此处是在班级范围内进行比较,应用最高级形式;再结合“always comes first”可知,他学习最努力才能取得好成绩,应用“hardest”。故选B。 9.(24-25八年级上·江西赣州·期末)—Listen! Who is singing Remember Me? It sounds great. —It must be Liu Xin. She sings this song ________ in our class. A.more beautifully B.less beautifully C.the most beautifully D.beautifully 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——听!谁在唱《记住我》?听起来太棒了。—— 一定是刘欣。她在我们班这首歌唱得最动听。考查副词最高级。more beautifully更动听地,副词比较级;less beautifully更不动听地,副词比较级;the most beautifully最动听地,副词最高级;beautifully动听地,副词原级。根据“in our class”可知,此处是三者及以上的比较,应用最高级,且修饰动词“sings”用副词最高级the most beautifully。故选C。 10.(24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)—Which subject do you like ______, math, Chinese or English?     —Of course English. A.well B.better C.best D.good 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——数学、语文和英语,你最喜欢哪门学科?——当然是英语。 考查副词最高级。well好地,副词原级;better更好,比较级;best最好,最高级;good好的,形容词原级。根据“math, Chinese or English”可知,三者比较应使用最高级,且此处修饰动词like,应用副词best。故选C。 感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词) ①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好! ②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如: What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣! What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊! 2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词) ①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如: How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明! ②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩! ③How+主语+谓语!如: How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·吉林四平·期末)Look! ________ happy the boys are! They won the first prize. A.What a B.How C.What 【答案】B 【详解】句意:看!这些男孩多开心啊!他们得了第一名。考查感叹句。What a引导感叹句,修饰单数可数名词;How引导感叹句,修饰形容词或副词;What引导感叹句,修饰复数名词或不可数名词。根据“happy the boys are”可知,中心词happy是形容词,且其后紧跟主语the boys和谓语are,符合“How+adj.+主语+谓语!”的结构。故选B。 2.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—The Shenzhou-20 team returned to Earth successfully on November 14th, 2025. —________ exciting it is! A.How B.How an C.What an D.What 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——神舟二十号航天员于2025年11月14日成功返回地球。——这是多么令人兴奋啊!考查感叹句。本题中,句子中心词“exciting”是形容词,符合“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”这一结构,所以应该用“How”来引导感叹句,不需要加“an” ,故选A。 3.(25-26八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末)—________ special class we had today! We learned about kung fu. —That’s correct. A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我们今天上了一节多么特别的课啊!我们学习了功夫。——没错。考查感叹句。根据“…special class we had today!”以及选项可知,此处应用What引导感叹句,其结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”。故选D。 4.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—At the 15th National Games, Chen Yujie became the youngest women’s 100m winner. —________ exciting news it is! A.What a B.What an C.What D.How 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——在第十五届全国运动会上,陈妤颉成为最年轻的女子100米冠军。——这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊!考查感叹句。What a多么一个;What an多么一个;What多么;How多么。中心词是不可数名词“news”,其前有形容词“exciting”。What引导感叹句结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”,感叹不可数名词时不用冠词。故选C。 5.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)______ easy essay it is! I finished reading it in a day. A.What an B.How C.How an D.What 【答案】A 【详解】句意:多么简单的一篇文章啊!我一天就读完了。考查感叹句结构。What an多么一个;How多么;How an错误搭配;What多么。感叹句结构为:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!或 How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!本题中“easy essay”为“形容词 + 可数名词单数”,且“easy”以元音音素开头,需用“What an”。故选A。 6.(25-26八年级上·江苏常州·月考)—What ________ bad weather it is! —Yes, but I love ________ air after it rains. It smells so fresh. A.a; the B./; the C.the; an D.an;/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——天气多糟糕啊!——是的,但我喜欢下雨后的空气。闻起来很清新。考查冠词用法。不定冠词a/an表泛指,a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前,an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前;定冠词the表特指。“weather”是不可数名词,前不用冠词; 空格2特指“下雨后的空气”,用定冠词the。故选B。 7.(25-26八年级上·云南曲靖·期末)—Did you like the book Red Star Over China after reading it? —Like it? ________ fantastic it is! It’s my favorite now. A.What B.How C.What a D.What an 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——读完《红星照耀中国》后你喜欢这本书吗?——喜欢它?它多么精彩啊!它现在是我最喜欢的书了。考查感叹句。What多么,修饰名词;How多么,修饰形容词/副词;What a多么,修饰单数可数名词;What an多么,修饰以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。根据空后“fantastic it is”可知,fantastic是形容词,需用感叹句结构“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”故选B。 8.(25-26八年级上·云南玉溪·期末)________ interesting book it is! I enjoy reading it very much. A.How B.What C.What a D.What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这是一本多么有趣的书啊!我非常喜欢读它。 考查感叹句。How多么,引导感叹句时后接形容词或副词;What多么,引导感叹句时后接名词短语;What a多么,后接以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词;What an多么,后接以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。How引导感叹句,结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”;What引导感叹句,结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!”。中心词是可数名词单数“book”,其前有形容词“interesting”,且“interesting”以元音音素开头,应用“What an interesting book…”。故选D。 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林辽源·期末)—It’s sunny today. Could you join us to have a picnic in the garden? — ________ nice day today! Let’s go. A.What B.What a C.How 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——今天天气晴朗。你能和我们一起去花园野餐吗?——今天多好的天气啊!我们走吧。 考查感叹句用法。根据“nice day today”可知,此处中心词为可数名词单数“day”,需用“What a + adj. + n.”结构。故选B。 10.(25-26八年级上·四川凉山·期末)—Every time I smell cinnamon, I think of the sweet days in my mom’s friendly kitchen. — ______ the memories are! A.How terrible B.How valuable C.What challenging things 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——每次我闻到肉桂的味道,我就会想起在妈妈温馨厨房里的甜蜜时光。——这些回忆是多么珍贵啊!考查感叹句。How terrible多么糟糕;How valuable多么珍贵;What challenging things多么具有挑战性的事情。根据上句“think of the sweet days”可知,回忆是甜蜜的、美好的,因此感叹句应表达积极含义,且空格后“the memories are”是“主语+ be动词”结构,应用“How +形容词”构成感叹句。故选B。 可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词有单、复数形式。 (一)名词复数形式的规则变化 规则 例词 ①一般情况下加-s desk→desks, face→faces ②以元音字母加-y或-o结尾,加-s boy→boys, toy→toys, radio→radios, zoo→zoos ③以辅音字母加-y结尾,变-y为-i,再加-es baby→babies, story→stories ④以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾加-es bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches 特例:stomach→stomachs ⑤以字母-f/-fe结尾,变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es wolf→wolves, knife→knives [助记:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。] ⑥以辅音字母加-o结尾 有生命的加-es:tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes; 无生命的加-s:photo→photos, piano→pianos 注意: 1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。 American→Americans 美国人 Australian→Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians 加拿大人German→Germans 德国人 Greek→Greeks 希腊人 Indian→Indians 印度人 Russian→Russians 俄罗斯人 2. 有些名词表面为复数形式,实为单数。 math数学,news新闻,physics物理,politics政治,the United Nations 联合国,the United States美国 (二)名词复数的不规则变化 1. 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep Japanese→Japanese 2. 改变元音字母 man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth policewoman→policewomen 3. 只有复数形式的名词 trousers scissors pants glasses shoes 4. 其他变化 mouse→mice child→children 【易错警示】 1. fish表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes,而fish表示鱼的条数时,复数形式仍为fish。如: different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼 2. works意为"工厂"时,单复数形式一样,而work意为"著作,作品"时,复数形式是works。如: a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 (三)不可数名词 一般情况下,专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义,从而也表现出可数与不可数性。 1. 常见的不可数名词 不能用具体的数字来表示。 cotton棉花,food食物,hair头发,health健康,ice冰,wind风 2. 可转化为可数名词的物资名称 (1)有些物质名词在表达个体概念时,是可数名词。 rain雨→a rain一场雨,wind风→a wind一阵风,beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒,paper纸→a paper一份论文 (2)有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。 Water水→waters海域,wood木头→woods森林,custom习惯→customs海关 3. 可转化为可数名词的抽象名词 抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时,被视为可数名词,可与不定冠词连用,也可有复数形式,表示"某种人或事"。 disappointment失望→a disappointment令人失望的事,experience经验→an experience 一次经历, success成功→a success成功的人或事 4. 可转化为可数名词的专有名词 有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词,可以由不定冠词修饰,也可有复数形式。 ►A Mr Black is waiting for you. 一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·西藏昌都·期末)Can you give me ________ on how to learn English well? A.some advice B.an advice C.some advices D.much advices 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗?考查名词的用法。advice“建议”,为不可数名词,没有复数形式,其前也不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,所以排除B、C、D选项;some“一些”,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,符合题意。故选A。 2.(25-26八年级上·西藏昌都·期末)—What do you have in your bag? —I have two ________. A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes D.tomatoss 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你包里有什么?——我有两个西红柿。考查名词复数形式。根据“two”可知,需用复数形式,tomato需加es构成复数。故选C。 3.(24-25八年级上·安徽宿州·期末)Let’s go shopping. Some ________ and ________ are on sale in the supermarket. A.tomato; egg B.tomatoes; egg C.tomatoes; eggs D.tomato; eggs 【答案】C 【详解】句意:让我们去购物吧。超市里有一些西红柿和鸡蛋在打折。考查可数名词的复数形式。tomato西红柿;egg鸡蛋。some后加可数名词复数,tomato的复数是tomatoes,egg的复数是eggs。故选C。 4.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)I drink ________ every day. A.a milk B.two glass of milk C.milks D.two glasses of milk 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我每天喝两杯牛奶。考查不可数名词的用法和量词短语。milk牛奶,不可数名词,不能直接加不定冠词a或变复数形式如milks,所以排除选项A和C;表示不可数名词的数量时,需用“数词+量词+of +不可数名词”的结构,“glass”作为量词表示“杯”时是可数名词,当数词是“two”时,量词要变复数形式“glasses”,排除选项B。故选D。 5.(24-25八年级上·安徽宿州·期末)—________ honey do we need? —Two. A.How many B.How many spoons of C.How much spoon of D.How much spoons of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我们需要多少匙蜂蜜?——两匙。考查特殊疑问句以及名词单复数。how many多少,修饰可数名词复数;how much多少,修饰不可数名词。honey“蜂蜜”,是不可数名词,排除A;当使用spoon表示数量时,spoon为可数名词,需用how many提问,spoon用复数。故选B。 6.(24-25八年级上·广西贵港·期末)—How much ________ did you add to the salad? —Just a little. A.apples B.honey C.carrots 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你在沙拉里加了多少蜂蜜?——就一点点。考查名词辨析以及how much的用法。apples苹果,可数名词复数;honey蜂蜜,不可数名词;carrots胡萝卜,可数名词复数。“how much”用于询问不可数名词的数量,结合回答“Just a little.”可知,这里询问的是不可数名词的量,只有honey符合。故选B。 7.(24-25八年级上·西藏林芝·期末)—Do you like watching ________ on TV? —Yes, I like it very much. A.sports news B.action movies C.soap operas D.talent shows 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你喜欢看电视上的体育新闻吗? ——是的,我非常喜欢。 考查不可数名词短语。sports news体育新闻,不可数名词;action movies动作电影,可数名词复数形式;soap operas肥皂剧,可数名词复数形式;talent shows才艺表演,可数名词复数形式。根据“I like it”可知,“it”指代前文中可数名词单数或不可数名词,“sports news”符合。故选A。 8.(24-25八年级上·吉林·期末)It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________. A.chicken; vegetable B.chickens; vegetables C.chicken; vegetables D.chickens; vegetable 【答案】C 【详解】句意:到吃午饭的时间了。我想吃一些鸡肉和蔬菜。考查名词数量表达。chicken鸡肉,不可数名词;vegetable蔬菜,可数名词;chickens名词复数,表示小鸡的复数;vegetables名词复数。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时,是不可数名词,没有复数形式;vegetable是可数名词,some后接可数名词复数形式。故选C。 9.(24-25八年级上·上海·期末)Mr Smith gave us some ________ on reading English books. A.advice B.suggestion C.tip D.idea 【答案】A 【详解】句意:史密斯先生给了我们一些关于阅读英文书籍的建议。考查名词词义辨析。advice建议,是不可数名词;suggestion建议,为可数名词;tip提示;idea主意。根据“gave us some ... on reading English books”可知,应该是给出关于阅读英文书籍的一些建议,some后面应该跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选A。 10.(24-25八年级下·黑龙江绥化·月考)—Are the singers all from ______? —No, there are only two ______ in the group. A.Germany; Germany B.Germany; Germans C.German; Germans 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这些歌手都来自德国吗?——不,团里只有2个德国人。考查名词辨析。Germany德国;German德国人,其复数形式为Germans。根据“Are the singers all from”可知,询问是否来自德国,第一空填国家名称;根据“only two”可知,有2个德国人,第二空应填German“德国人”的名词复数形式Germans。故选B。 一般将来时 基本结构:①be going to + 动词原形; ②will+动词原形 否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成 won’t. 例如:1) I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 2) Peter will go to Nanning next week. →Peter won’t go to Nanning next week. 一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换。 例如:1)We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. / No, we aren’ t . 2) I will go swimming tomorrow. → Will you go swimming tomorrow.? Yes, I will./ No, I won’t. 2.一般将来时具体用法 ①一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 例1.Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? 例2.He will graduate from Beijing University next year. 明年,他将毕业于北京大学。 ②be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 例1.What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? 例2.The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 例3.Look at the cloud. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。 ③be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 例1.We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. 当我们进了图书馆,就要遵守这些规章制度。 ④be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。 例1.The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。 例2.He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 3.一般将来时的特殊表达法 a. 下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例1.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 例2.The train stars in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后发车。 b. 以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。 例1.Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 例2.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 c. 在时间或条件句中。 例1.When Bill comes ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 例2.I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 【知识拓展】 when引导的时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。但when引导的别的从句(如名词性从句或定语从句)中正常使用各种时态。 d. 在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。 例1. I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 例2. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 e.用现在进行时表示将来。下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。 例1.I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 例2.Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗? 易错辨析 will 用于条件句时,will表意愿 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. 最好的运动是你喜欢并且愿意做的运动。 be going to 用于条件句时,be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) be going to 表示主观的打算或计划 I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) There be 句型的一般将来时:There will be… / There is going to be… 1. “be going to+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首,即“Are/Is/Am+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在be动词的相应形式后加not. 如:他们打算今天下午踢足球。 (1)They are going to play football this afternoon.(肯定句) (2)Are they going to play football this afternoon?(一般疑问句) (3)They are not going to play football this afternoon. (否定句) 2. “shall/will+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首,即“Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not.如:我们老师很快回来。 (1)Our teacher will come back very soon. (肯定句) (2)Will our teacher come back very soon?(一般疑问句) (3)Our teacher won’t come back very soon. (否定句) 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Hey, do you know what’s going to happen in our school next Friday? —Of course! There ________ a sports meeting in our playground. A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.will be have 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——嘿,你知道下周五我们学校会发生什么吗?——当然!我们操场将有一场运动会。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“next Friday”可知,应用there be句型的一般将来时,其一般将来时结构为“There is going to be”或“There will be”。故选C。 2.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭地·期末)There _______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 tomorrow afternoon. A.is going to be B.was C.will have 【答案】A 【详解】句意:明天下午1班和2班将会有一场足球比赛。考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据“tomorrow afternoon”可知,句子时态是一般将来时,且句子是there be句型,其一般将来时结构是“there is/are going to be”或“there will be”,主语“a football match”是单数,所以be动词用is。故选A。 3.(25-26八年级上·北京昌平·期末)—Can you lend me your dictionary? —Sure. I ________ it to you as soon as I finish checking this word. A.give B.gave C.will give D.have given 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你能把你的字典借给我吗?——当然。我一查完这个单词就把它给你。 考查时态。根据“as soon as I finish checking this word”可知,as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句要用一般将来时。故选C。 4.(24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期末)Good news for boys! There ________ a basketball game next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.are going to have 【答案】C 【详解】句意:男孩们有个好消息!下个月将有一场篮球赛。考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be句型表示“某地有某物”,其一般将来时结构为“there is/are going to be”或“there will be”,不能用there have/has这种形式,主语“a basketball game”为单数,be动词用is。故选C。 5.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Do you know when he ________? —I’m not sure. I’ll call you if he ________. A.arrives; arrives B.arrives; will arrive C.will arrive; arrives 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你知道他什么时候到吗?——我不确定。如果他到了,我会给你打电话。考查时态。第一空是宾语从句,主句为一般现在时,从句表示将来动作,需用一般将来时(will arrive);第二空是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时(arrives)表示将来。故选C。 6.(25-26八年级上·云南曲靖·期末)If it rains this weekend, we ________ at home and watch a movie together. A.stay B.stayed C.will stay D.are staying 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如果这个周末下雨,我们将待在家里一起看电影。 考查时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”原则 ,即从句用一般现在时表示将来,主句应用一般将来时will do。故选C。 7.(25-26八年级上·北京延庆·期末)—What will you do this weekend, Bob? —I _________ some time working on my science poster in the library. A.spend B.will spend C.spent D.has spent 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——鲍勃,这个周末你要做什么?——我将在图书馆花一些时间制作我的科学海报。 考查一般将来时。根据问句“What will you do this weekend?可知,答语描述的是周末将要发生的动作,需用一般将来时。故选B。 8.(25-26八年级上·山东青岛·期末)I think there ________ fewer people and ________ pollution in 100 years. A.will have; less B.will be; fewer C.will be; less D.will have; fewer 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我认为100年后人会更少,污染也会更少。考查there be句型和形容词辨析。will have有(一般将来时结构,但there be句型不能与have混用);less更少的 (修饰不可数名词);will be有 (there be句型的一般将来时结构);fewer更少的(修饰可数名词)。根据“there…fewer people and…pollution”可知,此处应用there be句型的一般将来时结构,排除A和D;又因为“pollution”是不可数名词,应用less修饰。故选C。 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林辽源·期末)—Could you please help me clean the room? —Sure. I ________ you if I ________ my homework. A.help; finish B.will help; finish C.help; will finish 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你能帮我打扫房间吗?——当然。如果我完成家庭作业,我会帮助你。考查动词时态。本句是if引导的条件状语从句,从句需用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时(will + 动词原形)。主语是I,从句谓语动词finish用原形。故选B。 10.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)Scientists believe that AI robots ________ some small health problems in the future. A.solve B.are solving C.will solve D.solved 【答案】C 【详解】句意:科学家们相信,人工智能机器人未来将解决一些小的健康问题。考查时态。根据时间状语in the future可知,动作发生在将来,应用一般将来时(will do)。故选C. 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语,其基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。 2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——不定式(短语)放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语,你真是太好了。 作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语,通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。 作宾语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下: 想要干:want, wish, hope, expect, would like/love, like 早打算:plan, prepare, mean 同意否:agree, offer, refuse 问问看:ask, afford 决定了:decide, make up one’s mind, promise 开始学:begin/start, learn 尽力干:manage(反义词fail), try 努力做:make an effort 莫等待:wait 别忘记:forget(反义词remember) ②在find, think等词后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the station. 他同意在车站接我。 ②I think it difficult to finish the program in two weeks. 我觉得要在两周内完成这个项目很难。 作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise, allow, ask, encourage, force, help, invite, order, teach, tell, warn, wish, want/would like, expect, get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后,要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look,see,notice, watch)。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。 作定语 不定式(短语)作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。 作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。(目的状语) ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子,结果却发现它是空的。(结果状语) ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。(原因状语) 【拓展】 1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时,后一个不定式往往省略to。如: The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. 2.省略to的常见句型: ①Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不……呢? ②Could/Would/Will you please (not) do sth.? 你可以(不)做……吗? ③had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 ④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B ⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。 ⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 3.含动词不定式的特殊句型: ①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 ②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 ③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 ④adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 ⑤too...to... 太……而不能…… 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·天津河西·期末)The government built a new hospital in the area ________ the local people get better medical care. A.helping B.helped C.to help D.helps 【答案】C 【详解】句意:政府在该地区新建了一家医院,以便当地居民获得更好的医疗服务。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,主句为“The government built a new hospital”,空格后“the local people get better medical care”表示目的,应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 2.(25-26八年级上·天津南开·期末)Our teacher tells us ________ in the river. It’s dangerous. A.to swim B.not to swim C.don’t swim D.not swim 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们老师告诉我们不要在河里游泳。这很危险。考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”,动词短语,此处应用not to swim。故选B。 3.(25-26八年级上·天津红桥·期末)Tom trained hard __________ his basketball skills. A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved 【答案】B 【详解】句意:汤姆努力训练以提高他的篮球技能。 考查非谓语动词。improve提高,动词原形;to improve动词不定式;improving动名词/现在分词;improved动词过去式/过去分词。根据“trained hard”和“his basketball skills”的逻辑关系可知,“提高技能”是“努力训练”的目的,动词不定式可表目的。故选B。 4.(25-26八年级上·北京朝阳·期末)Sun Yingsha trains hard every day ________ her table tennis skills. A.improve B.improved C.improving D.to improve 【答案】D 【详解】句意:孙颖莎每天刻苦训练,以提高她的乒乓球技能。考查非谓语动词。improve提高,动词原形;improved过去式/过去分词;improving现在分词/动名词;to improve动词不定式。根据“trains hard every day…her table tennis skills”可知,刻苦训练的目的是提高技能,动词不定式“to improve”可表目的。故选D。 5.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)Our school will invite Mr Li ______ us a speech tomorrow on how to protect the earth. A.give B.gives C.to give D.giving 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们学校将邀请李先生明天给我们一个关于如何保护地球的演讲。考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”,此处应填动词不定式to give。故选C。 6.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—If you need my help, please let me know. I will do anything I can ________ you. —No, thanks. I can do it all by myself. A.to help B.help C.helping 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——如果你需要我的帮助,请告诉我。我会尽我所能来帮助你。——不用了,谢谢。我自己能完成。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处表示“我会尽我所能来帮助你”,动词不定式“to help”作目的状语,表示“为了帮助你”。故选A。 7.(25-26八年级上·天津西青·期末)My brother always tries to make me _________ when I’m unhappy. A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当我不开心时,我哥哥总是尽力让我笑。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。laugh笑,动词原形;to laugh去笑,动词不定式;laughing笑,现在分词;laughed笑,过去分词。make sb. do sth.是固定搭配,make后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即用动词原形。故选A。 8.(25-26八年级上·甘肃天水·期末)________ water and electricity, please take a quick shower. A.To waste B.Wasting C.To save D.Saving 【答案】C 【详解】句意:为了节约水电,请快速淋浴。 考查非谓语动词。根据“water and electricity”可知,快速淋浴是为了节约水电,应用不定式表目的。故选C。 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us ________ action right now. A.to take B.take C.taking D.to taking 【答案】A 【详解】句意:“时间不等人”这句谚语提醒我们立刻采取行动。 考查非谓语动词。remind sb. to do sth.是固定短语,意为“提醒某人做某事”,其中动词不定式“to do”作宾语补足语。所以这里应该用“to take”。故选A。 10.(25-26八年级上·天津红桥·期末)He knew it was wrong and refused __________ his classmates’ homework. A.to copy B.copy C.copying D.to copying 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他知道那是错误的,并拒绝抄袭同学的作业。 考查非谓语动词。to copy抄袭,不定式;copy抄袭,动词原形;copying抄袭,动名词/现在分词;to copying错误形式。根据谓语动词“refused”可知,其后接动词不定式作宾语,固定搭配refuse to do sth.,意为“拒绝做某事”。故选A。 条件状语从句 一、条件状语从句的引导词 1. if,如果 e.g.: If you ask him for help, he will give you a hand. 如果你向他求助,他会给你提供帮助。 2. unless 除非(= if ... not) e.g.: Unless you tell him the truth, he won’t trust you any more. = If you don’t tell him the truth, he won’t trust you any more. 除非你告诉他真相,否则他不会再相信你。 3. as long as 只要 e.g.: As long as you keep trying, you will solve this problem. 只要你继续尝试,你最终会解决这个问题的。 二、条件状语从句的时态 主句表示将来概念,从句需要使用一般现在时表示将来,即“主将从现”原则。 1. 主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: e.g.: We will go climbing tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去爬山。 2. 主句谓语动词为can, may, must等情态动词时,从句用一般现在时,如: e.g.: You can make your dream come true as long as you don’t give up. 只要你不放弃,你就能实现梦想。 We must leave right now if we want to get to the airport on time. 如果我们想要准时达到机场,我们现在就必须动身。 3. 主句为祈使句,从句用一般现在时,如: e.g.: Don’t break your promises if you need others’ trust. 如果你想要别人的信任,就不要违背诺言。 三、区分条件状语从句连词if(如果)和宾语从句连词if(是否) if表示“如果”时,引导条件状语从句,从句需要遵循“主将从现”原则; if表示“是否”时,引导宾语从句,从句时态可使用将来时。 e.g.: I will call you if I have free time. 如果我有空余时间,我会给你打电话。 She is wondering if Mike will come to the party. 她在想,迈克能否来参加派对。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·全国·课后作业)He ________ much healthier if he ________enough exercise in his free time. A.is; take B.will be; takes C.will be; take D.was; is taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意:如果他在空闲时间做足够的运动,他会健康得多。考查动词时态。根据“if he...enough exercise in his free time.”可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时will be,从句用一般现在时takes。故选B。 2.(25-26八年级上·吉林松原·期末)________ you treat others with honesty and trust, you may get friendship in return soon. A.Before B.So C.If 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如果你以诚实和信任对待他人,你可能很快会收获友谊作为回报。 考查连词辨析。Before在……之前,引导时间状语从句;So因此,引导结果状语从句;If如果,引导条件状语从句。根据“you treat others with honesty and trust, you may get friendship in return soon”可知,前后两句逻辑上存在条件关系,需用If引导条件状语从句,表示如果做到前者,就会产生后者的结果。故选C。 3.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—What will you do if you ________ your way in a new city? —I will use a map on my phone. A.lose B.loses C.lost D.will lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——如果你在一个新城市迷路了,你会做什么?——我会用手机上的地图。考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态。lose迷路;loses第三人称单数形式;lost过去式;will lose将来时。在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时(will do),从句用一般现在时表示将来。本题主句“What will you do”为一般将来时,因此从句需用一般现在时,主语“you”为第二人称,动词用原形lose。故选A。 4.(25-26八年级上·甘肃陇南·期末)We can have a wonderful future ______ we work hard. A.if B.but C.so D.although 【答案】A 【详解】句意:如果我们努力工作,我们就能拥有美好的未来。考查连词辨析。if如果,引导条件状语从句;but但是,转折连词;so所以,引导结果状语从句;although虽然,引导让步状语从句。根据“We can have a wonderful future…we work hard.”可知,空格前“我们就能拥有美好的未来”是“结果”,空格后“我们努力工作”是“条件”,所以需要使用表示条件关系的连词if。故选A。 5.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)________ you stay calm in an emergency, you may make the right choice. A.If B.So C.But D.Or 【答案】A 【详解】句意:如果你在紧急情况下保持冷静,你可能会做出正确的选择。考查连词辨析。If如果;So所以;But但是;Or否则。根据句意,前后是条件关系,应用If引导条件状语从句。故选A。 6.(25-26八年级上·海南省直辖县级单位·期末)________ you want to make the other person happy, you should mention his or her strong points. A.If B.When C.After 【答案】A 【详解】句意:如果你想使对方高兴,你应该提及他或她的优点。考查连词辨析。If如果;When当……时;After在……之后。根据“you want to make the other person happy”和“you should mention his or her strong points”可知,前半句“使对方高兴”是后半句“提及优点”的条件,所以,应使用表示条件的连词if“如果”连接。故选A。 7.(25-26八年级上·广东·期末)You can’t get on the train ________ you have a ticket. A.if B.though C.unless D.as soon as 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你不能上火车,除非你有票。 考查连词辨析。if 如果;though 尽管;unless 除非;as soon as 一……就。根据句意,没有票就不能上火车,即“除非有票,否则不能上火车”,表示条件排除关系。故选C。 8.(25-26八年级上·云南文山·期末)If you share more about your feelings, others ________ you better. A.understand B.understood C.are understanding D.will understand 【答案】D 【详解】句意:如果你更多地分享你的感受,别人会更好地理解你。 考查if引导的条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,即从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。will understand是一般将来时,故选D。 9.(25-26八年级上·河南驻马店·期末)—I have difficulty improving my English writing. —Why not try DeepSeek? If you ________ it wisely, it ________a good tool for learning. A.use; becomes B.will use; will become C.use; will become D.will use; becomes 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我在提高英语写作方面有困难。——为什么不试试DeepSeek?如果你明智地使用它,它将成为学习的好工具。考查条件状语从句的时态用法。在if引导的真实条件句 (表示可能发生的假设) 中,从句需用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时 (will +动词原形)。本题中,“if you...it wisely”为从句,应用一般现在时“use”;“it...a good tool”为主句,应用一般将来时“will become”。故选C。 10.(25-26八年级上·海南海口·期末)I like playing the guitar. I can practise it ________ I have free time on weekends. A.as soon as B.as long as C.as far as 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我喜欢弹吉他。只要我周末有空,我就可以练习它。考查连词短语辨析。as soon as一……就……;as long as只要;as far as就……而言。根据“I like playing the guitar.”可知,只要有空,我就可以练习吉他,空格处需填入表示“条件”的连词,as long as表示条件。故选B。 1 / 13 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 巩固05 各单元语法突破及精练 不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 1. 不定代词的句法功能 不定代词 成分 all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 every,no 在句中只能作定语 2.不定代词的基本语法 (1)some、any的用法 用法 例句 some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词) Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词) some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。 Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何" If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。 Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的" Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 (2)few,a few,little,a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少,但有几个 a little虽少,但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多,几乎没有 little不多,没有什么 (3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法 用法 例句 other 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗? (4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法 用法 例句 all ①侧重指三者或三者以上"都,全部,一切",在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语; all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。 All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 both ①表示"两者都",可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语; ②用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither; ③both... and"两者都,既……又……"。 They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 none ①意为"没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语; ②none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 either ①表示"两者中任何一个",可作主语、宾语和定语; ②either作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。 You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。 【知识拓展】 (1)either可用于搭配"either... or...",意为"或者……或者……;要么……要么……"。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 (2)either可作为副词,意为"也",用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去,我也不去。 neither ①意为"两者都不",可作主语、宾语和定语; ②neither... nor..."既不……也不……"。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 【易错警示】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。 3.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) -one someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人) -thing something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每件事) 复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 如:Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在其后。如: There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。写作佳句 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗? 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型: ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做,只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody, anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。如: He thinks himself somebody, but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物,但我们觉得他什么也不是。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Not exactly. A.something interesting B.anything interesting C.interesting anything 2.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Yes, there’s big news about the Olympic Games. A.anything important B.important anything C.something important D.important something 3.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Did you go ________ during the holiday? —Yes, I visited the ancient town in Dali with my family. A.somewhere interesting B.anywhere interesting C.interesting somewhere D.interesting anywhere 4.(25-26八年级上·四川攀枝花·期末)—You have just read the newspaper. Did you find ________ in it? —No, ________. A.interesting anything; everything B.anything interesting; nothing C.interesting something; anything D.interesting nothing; something 5.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末)The Yangtze River is longer than ________ river in China. A.any B.any other C.the other D.other 6.(25-26八年级上·云南大理·期末)—The cake tastes delicious, Peter! Did ________ help you with cooking? — Yes! My grandmother taught me a lot. A.someone B.everyone C.anyone D.no one 7.(25-26八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末)There is ________ wrong with my throat—I can hardly speak. I need to see a doctor. A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing 8.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)—I want to draw a cat, but I can’t find ______ in my pencil case. —Sorry, I have no pencil, either. A.something. B.everything. C.anything. D.nothing. 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林松原·期末)Can you do the work well with _______ time and ______ people? A.less; few B.few; little C.less; fewer 10.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Did you do ________ on New Year’s Day? —Of course. We got together and had a big meal. A.something special B.anything special C.special something D.special anything 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的定义 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么? —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了? —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪? —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 4. 一般过去时的用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? (2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。 (3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 (4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. (5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意: (1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—How does your father go to work? —My father ________ to work by bike every day, but he ________ by taxi this morning because there was something wrong with the bike. A.go; go B.goes; went C.went; goes D.will go; went 2.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)Tom and his little brother ______ just now, because they both wanted to play the new game first. A.fights B.is fighting C.fought D.will fight 3.(25-26八年级上·天津南开·期末)—What a lovely dog! How long ________ you ________ it? —For one week. My aunt ________ it to me as a gift last week. A.have; had; gave B.did; buy; gave C.have; bought; gave D.did; have; gives 4.(25-26八年级上·北京朝阳·期末)In 2018, Niu Yu ________ a half marathon in about four hours with an artificial leg. A.finishes B.finished C.was finishing D.will finish 5.(25-26八年级上·北京延庆·期末)—Peter, what did you do last Sunday? —I _________ basketball with my classmates. A.play B.will play C.played D.was playing 6.(25-26八年级上·北京石景山·期末)I ________ my grandma clean the garden last Sunday. A.help B.helped C.will help D.was helping 7.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末)We ________ in cash, but now we ________ by mobile phone. A.used to pay; are used to pay B.used to pay; are used to paying C.are used to paying; are used to pay D.were used to pay; are used to paying 8.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭·期末)There ________ a book and two pens on the desk yesterday. A.is B.are C.was 9.(25-26八年级上·广东·期末)She used ________ in a primary school. A.to teaching B.to teach C.for teaching D.taught 10.(25-26八年级上·北京海淀·期末)It ________ last night, so the air outside is really fresh and clean now. A.rained B.rains C.will rain D.rain 情态动词can的用法 1.can是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态的变化,它的过去式为could,其后可直接接动词原形,其用法如下: 用法 例句 (1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。 Can you swim?你会游泳吗? Can you answer the question?你能回答这个问题吗? (2)表示许可,意为“可以”,相当于may(比may更口语化,may较正式)。此外,could也可以表示许可,语气更加委婉。 Can you help me?你能帮我吗? You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。 Could you help me find it?你能帮我找到它吗? (3)用于提出邀请。对其作肯定回答通常用“Sure./Of course./Certainly./Yes,I'd love (like) to.”等,作否定回答通常用“Sorry/No,I can't.”等。 —Can he come to my party?他能来参加我的宴会吗? —Yes.He'd love to.是的。他很乐意。 —Can you go to the baseball game?你能去看棒球比赛吗? —Sorry,I can't.对不起,我不能。 (4)用于否定句或疑问句中,表示推测。 Mr.Wang can't be at home.王老师不可能在家里。 2.can句式变化 (1)在变否定句时,直接在后面加上“not”,写作can't或cannot。如: I can speak French.我会讲法语。 →I can't speak French.我不会讲法语。 (2)在变一般疑问句时,can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人称)即可。如: I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。 →Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗? 其肯定回答可用yes,OK或certainly等;否定回答可用no或sorry等。如: —Can you look after my books,please?你能照看一下我的书吗? —OK.可以。 用certainly回答语气更为肯定。如: —Can I see your guitar?我能看看你的吉他吗? —Certainly.当然可以。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Jim, ________ I use your computer? —Yes, of course you ________. A.could; could B.can; should C.can; must D.could; can 2.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Could I finish watching this show, mum? —Sorry, you ________. You need to finish your homework first. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.can’t 3.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)—______ I move the table in the living room? It takes up too much space. —Sure, let me help you. A.Must B.Can C.Should D.Need 4.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Could you give me a lift? My car is broken. —Of course I ________. It’s my pleasure to lend you a hand. A.can B.can’t C.couldn’t D.could 5.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭地·期末)—Can you go to the concert with me this evening? —Sorry, I ________. I have to prepare for the English test tomorrow. A.won’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t 26.(25-26八年级上·海南海口·期末)I’m sure everyone ________ have fun and gain knowledge in the museum. A.might B.can C.should 7.(24-25八年级上·四川乐山·期末)—Look at the man running after the bus! Is that Mr. White? —It ________ be him. He is in Shanghai now. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t 8.(25-26八年级上·甘肃平凉·期末)________ you help clean the rooms after lunch? I have something else to do. A.Need B.Must C.Can D.Should 9.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)________ you smell something burning (燃烧的)? Go and see what’s happening. A.Can B.May C.Must 10.(25-26八年级上·云南文山·期末)—________ I borrow your dictionary? I left mine at home. —Sorry, I’m afraid you ________ because I’m using it. A.Could; can B.Could; can’t C.Must; can D.Must; can’t 情态动词could的用法 一、情态动词could作为can的过去式时,表示过去的能力和可能性,其否定形式为could not,可缩写为couldn’t。 Eg:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗了。 Judy couldn’t have enough money for a car. 朱迪不可能有足够的钱买汽车。 二、情态动词could可用于礼貌地提出要求或征询许可,此时并非can的过去式。 用法和句式 示例 提出请求: Could you please (not) do ...? Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你去遛遛狗好吗? 征询许可: Could I/we do ... ? Could I go out for dinner with my friends? 我能和朋友一起出去吃(晚)饭吗? 肯定回答常用语: Of course./Certainly./OK./Sure./No problem.等 否定回答常用语: Sorry./Certainly not./I’m afraid I can’t./No, you can’t等.+说明理由 —Could you please clean the room? 请你打扫一下房间好吗? —Sure. 当然可以。 —Could you open the windows? 你能打开窗户吗? —Sorry, but I have a cold. 抱歉,我感冒了。 【拓展延伸】 1.对提出请求或征询许可的句型做否定回答时,通常以sorry或I’m sorry开头。 Eg.—Could you help me with my English now? 你现在能帮我学英语吗? —I’m sorry, but I have a football match ten minutes later. 抱歉,我十分钟后要参加一场足球赛。 2.如果问句中使用could,回答时要用can或can’t,不能用could或couldn’t。 Eg.—Could I use your bike? 我能用一下你的自行车吗? —Sure, you can. 当然可以。 3.其他常见的表示委婉请求或征询许可的句型: (1)Will/Would you please do ...? 表示“请你做……好吗?” (2)Would you mind (not) doing ...? 表示“你介意(不)做……吗?” (3)May I ...? 表示“我可以……吗?” 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)— ________ I hang out with my friends after lunch? —Yes, but you have to clean up your room first. A.Could B.Must C.Should 2.(25-26八年级上·云南玉溪·期末)—Tom, ________ you turn down the radio, please? I’m trying to work. —No problem. A.should B.could C.must D.might 3.(25-26八年级上·海南省直辖县级单位·期末)—________we go to Hainan for the holiday, Dad? —Yes, you can. A.Should B.Could C.Will 4.(25-26八年级上·云南文山·期末)—I can’t lift the luggage. ________ you please give me a hand? —Sure. A.Need B.Should C.Must D.Could 5.(25-26八年级上·北京海淀·期末)—________ I hang out with my friends after dinner? —Sure, but you have to finish your homework first. A.Could B.Must C.Will D.Would 6.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭地·期末)—________ you please pass me the salt, Tom? —Sure, here you are. A.Must B.Should C.Could 7.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)— ________ I put some flowers on the desk? —Yes, you can. A.Could B.Must C.Should 8.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)—Could you please communicate with me face to face? —Yes, I ________. I’ll wait for you in the meeting room. A.could B.can C.was able to 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)—_________ I borrow your glue to stick the photos? —Sure, here you are. A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Need 10.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)—Dad, ________ I go to the cinema with my friends tonight? — Yes, but you must finish your homework first. A.must B.should C.need D.could 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.形容词和副词原级的用法 ①as+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。 ②not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as, 如:He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。 ③倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as, 如:This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。 2.形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①形容词/副词的比较级+than, 如:He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。 ②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than, 如:His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。 ③the+形容词的比较级+of the two+复数名词,“两者中较……的一个”, 如:He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 ④“形容词/副词的比较级+and+形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more+多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”,“越来越……”, 如:As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了,白天变得越来越长。 ⑤the+形容词/副词的比较级,the+形容词/副词的比较级,“越……,就越……”, 如:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。 ⑥a/an+形容词的比较级+名词单数/代词one,“一个更……的”, 如:The dress is a little big for me, so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大,所以我想换条小的。 ⑦修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, a little, twice, many times, a bit, rather等, 如:It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。 3.形容词和副词最高级的用法(用于三者或三者以上比较) ①in/of/among短语表示范围时,或从句表示“所见过的/听过的/去过的/吃过的”等意思时,如: Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever seen. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。 ②one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词,如: She is one of the tallest girls in our class. 她是我们班个子最高的女孩之一。 ③the+序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词+范围,如: Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。 【拓展】比较级与最高级之间的转化 1.比较级+than+any (other)+单数名词/the other+复数名词,可表示最高级。如: Tom is the tallest student in his class.= Tom is taller than any other student in his class. =Tom is taller than the other students in his class. 2.“否定词+比较级”也可表示最高级含义。如: -What a clear blue sky! -Yes, I have never seen a more beautiful sky. 4.形容词和副词的比较等级变化规则 (1)规则变化 构成方法 原级→比较级→最高级 直接在词尾加-er, -est fast→faster→fastest     long→longer→longest 以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r, -st large→larger→largest     nice→nicer→nicest brave→braver→bravest  late→later→latest w ide→wider→widest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先变y为i,再加 -er, -est happy→happier→happiest   easy→easier→easiest angry→angrier→angriest  ugly→uglier→ugliest early→earlier→earliest  busy→busier→busiest heavy→heavier→heaviest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母,再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest  fat→fatter→fattest thin→thinner→thinnest  wet→wetter→wettest hot→hotter→hottest  red→redder→reddest fit→fitter→fittest  glad→gladder→gladdest sad→sadder→saddest 部分双音节和多音节词,在其前加more, most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 good/well→better→best      many/much→more→most bad/badly→worse→worst far→farther/further→farthest/furthest old→older/elder→oldest/eldest little→less→least 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·云南曲靖·期末)Of the two pairs of jeans, the blue one looks ________. I’ll take it. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 2.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Is that your brother? —Yes. My brother is ________ than me, but I’m as ________ as him. We both need to eat more healthy food. A.thinner; taller B.thinner; tall C.thin; taller D.thinnest; tall 3.(25-26八年级上·云南大理·期末)The saying “The ________ you work, the ________ joy you will find.” guides me in my daily life. A.hard; more B.harder; less C.hard; fewer D.harder; more 4.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—How do you like the painting? —I think it will be much ________ with some trees around. A.good B.better C.the best 5.(25-26八年级上·北京朝阳·期末)Digital technology has made our life ________ than it was ten years ago. A.convenient B.more convenient C.most convenient D.the most convenient 6.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末)I learn ________ than others, so I need to start ________. A.slower; more early B.more slowly; more early C.slower; earlier D.more slowly; earlier 7.(25-26八年级上·吉林松原·期末)Steve asked the taxi driver to drive a little ________ because there was not enough time. A.faster B.fast C.more fast 8.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)Frank works ______ in our class, so he always comes first in different exams. A.harder B.hardest C.less hard D.least hard 9.(24-25八年级上·江西赣州·期末)—Listen! Who is singing Remember Me? It sounds great. —It must be Liu Xin. She sings this song ________ in our class. A.more beautifully B.less beautifully C.the most beautifully D.beautifully 10.(24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)—Which subject do you like ______, math, Chinese or English?     —Of course English. A.well B.better C.best D.good 感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词) ①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好! ②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如: What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣! What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊! 2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词) ①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如: How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明! ②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩! ③How+主语+谓语!如: How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·吉林四平·期末)Look! ________ happy the boys are! They won the first prize. A.What a B.How C.What 2.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—The Shenzhou-20 team returned to Earth successfully on November 14th, 2025. —________ exciting it is! A.How B.How an C.What an D.What 3.(25-26八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末)—________ special class we had today! We learned about kung fu. —That’s correct. A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 4.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—At the 15th National Games, Chen Yujie became the youngest women’s 100m winner. —________ exciting news it is! A.What a B.What an C.What D.How 5.(25-26八年级上·云南楚雄·期末)______ easy essay it is! I finished reading it in a day. A.What an B.How C.How an D.What 6.(25-26八年级上·江苏常州·月考)—What ________ bad weather it is! —Yes, but I love ________ air after it rains. It smells so fresh. A.a; the B./; the C.the; an D.an;/ 7.(25-26八年级上·云南曲靖·期末)—Did you like the book Red Star Over China after reading it? —Like it? ________ fantastic it is! It’s my favorite now. A.What B.How C.What a D.What an 8.(25-26八年级上·云南玉溪·期末)________ interesting book it is! I enjoy reading it very much. A.How B.What C.What a D.What an 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林辽源·期末)—It’s sunny today. Could you join us to have a picnic in the garden? — ________ nice day today! Let’s go. A.What B.What a C.How 10.(25-26八年级上·四川凉山·期末)—Every time I smell cinnamon, I think of the sweet days in my mom’s friendly kitchen. — ______ the memories are! A.How terrible B.How valuable C.What challenging things 可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词有单、复数形式。 (一)名词复数形式的规则变化 规则 例词 ①一般情况下加-s desk→desks, face→faces ②以元音字母加-y或-o结尾,加-s boy→boys, toy→toys, radio→radios, zoo→zoos ③以辅音字母加-y结尾,变-y为-i,再加-es baby→babies, story→stories ④以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾加-es bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches 特例:stomach→stomachs ⑤以字母-f/-fe结尾,变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es wolf→wolves, knife→knives [助记:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。] ⑥以辅音字母加-o结尾 有生命的加-es:tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes; 无生命的加-s:photo→photos, piano→pianos 注意: 1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。 American→Americans 美国人 Australian→Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians 加拿大人German→Germans 德国人 Greek→Greeks 希腊人 Indian→Indians 印度人 Russian→Russians 俄罗斯人 2. 有些名词表面为复数形式,实为单数。 math数学,news新闻,physics物理,politics政治,the United Nations 联合国,the United States美国 (二)名词复数的不规则变化 1. 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep Japanese→Japanese 2. 改变元音字母 man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth policewoman→policewomen 3. 只有复数形式的名词 trousers scissors pants glasses shoes 4. 其他变化 mouse→mice child→children 【易错警示】 1. fish表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes,而fish表示鱼的条数时,复数形式仍为fish。如: different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼 2. works意为"工厂"时,单复数形式一样,而work意为"著作,作品"时,复数形式是works。如: a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 (三)不可数名词 一般情况下,专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义,从而也表现出可数与不可数性。 1. 常见的不可数名词 不能用具体的数字来表示。 cotton棉花,food食物,hair头发,health健康,ice冰,wind风 2. 可转化为可数名词的物资名称 (1)有些物质名词在表达个体概念时,是可数名词。 rain雨→a rain一场雨,wind风→a wind一阵风,beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒,paper纸→a paper一份论文 (2)有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。 Water水→waters海域,wood木头→woods森林,custom习惯→customs海关 3. 可转化为可数名词的抽象名词 抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时,被视为可数名词,可与不定冠词连用,也可有复数形式,表示"某种人或事"。 disappointment失望→a disappointment令人失望的事,experience经验→an experience 一次经历, success成功→a success成功的人或事 4. 可转化为可数名词的专有名词 有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词,可以由不定冠词修饰,也可有复数形式。 ►A Mr Black is waiting for you. 一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·西藏昌都·期末)Can you give me ________ on how to learn English well? A.some advice B.an advice C.some advices D.much advices 2.(25-26八年级上·西藏昌都·期末)—What do you have in your bag? —I have two ________. A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes D.tomatoss 3.(24-25八年级上·安徽宿州·期末)Let’s go shopping. Some ________ and ________ are on sale in the supermarket. A.tomato; egg B.tomatoes; egg C.tomatoes; eggs D.tomato; eggs 4.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)I drink ________ every day. A.a milk B.two glass of milk C.milks D.two glasses of milk 5.(24-25八年级上·安徽宿州·期末)—________ honey do we need? —Two. A.How many B.How many spoons of C.How much spoon of D.How much spoons of 6.(24-25八年级上·广西贵港·期末)—How much ________ did you add to the salad? —Just a little. A.apples B.honey C.carrots 7.(24-25八年级上·西藏林芝·期末)—Do you like watching ________ on TV? —Yes, I like it very much. A.sports news B.action movies C.soap operas D.talent shows 8.(24-25八年级上·吉林·期末)It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________. A.chicken; vegetable B.chickens; vegetables C.chicken; vegetables D.chickens; vegetable 9.(24-25八年级上·上海·期末)Mr Smith gave us some ________ on reading English books. A.advice B.suggestion C.tip D.idea 10.(24-25八年级下·黑龙江绥化·月考)—Are the singers all from ______? —No, there are only two ______ in the group. A.Germany; Germany B.Germany; Germans C.German; Germans 一般将来时 基本结构:①be going to + 动词原形; ②will+动词原形 否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成 won’t. 例如:1) I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 2) Peter will go to Nanning next week. →Peter won’t go to Nanning next week. 一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换。 例如:1)We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. / No, we aren’ t . 2) I will go swimming tomorrow. → Will you go swimming tomorrow.? Yes, I will./ No, I won’t. 2.一般将来时具体用法 ①一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 例1.Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? 例2.He will graduate from Beijing University next year. 明年,他将毕业于北京大学。 ②be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 例1.What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? 例2.The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 例3.Look at the cloud. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。 ③be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 例1.We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. 当我们进了图书馆,就要遵守这些规章制度。 ④be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。 例1.The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。 例2.He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 3.一般将来时的特殊表达法 a. 下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例1.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 例2.The train stars in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后发车。 b. 以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。 例1.Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 例2.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 c. 在时间或条件句中。 例1.When Bill comes ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 例2.I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 【知识拓展】 when引导的时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。但when引导的别的从句(如名词性从句或定语从句)中正常使用各种时态。 d. 在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。 例1. I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 例2. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 e.用现在进行时表示将来。下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。 例1.I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 例2.Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗? 易错辨析 will 用于条件句时,will表意愿 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. 最好的运动是你喜欢并且愿意做的运动。 be going to 用于条件句时,be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) be going to 表示主观的打算或计划 I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) There be 句型的一般将来时:There will be… / There is going to be… 1. “be going to+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首,即“Are/Is/Am+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在be动词的相应形式后加not. 如:他们打算今天下午踢足球。 (1)They are going to play football this afternoon.(肯定句) (2)Are they going to play football this afternoon?(一般疑问句) (3)They are not going to play football this afternoon. (否定句) 2. “shall/will+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首,即“Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not.如:我们老师很快回来。 (1)Our teacher will come back very soon. (肯定句) (2)Will our teacher come back very soon?(一般疑问句) (3)Our teacher won’t come back very soon. (否定句) 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Hey, do you know what’s going to happen in our school next Friday? —Of course! There ________ a sports meeting in our playground. A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.will be have 2.(25-26八年级上·黑龙江大兴安岭地·期末)There _______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 tomorrow afternoon. A.is going to be B.was C.will have 3.(25-26八年级上·北京昌平·期末)—Can you lend me your dictionary? —Sure. I ________ it to you as soon as I finish checking this word. A.give B.gave C.will give D.have given 4.(24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期末)Good news for boys! There ________ a basketball game next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.are going to have 5.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—Do you know when he ________? —I’m not sure. I’ll call you if he ________. A.arrives; arrives B.arrives; will arrive C.will arrive; arrives 6.(25-26八年级上·云南曲靖·期末)If it rains this weekend, we ________ at home and watch a movie together. A.stay B.stayed C.will stay D.are staying 7.(25-26八年级上·北京延庆·期末)—What will you do this weekend, Bob? —I _________ some time working on my science poster in the library. A.spend B.will spend C.spent D.has spent 8.(25-26八年级上·山东青岛·期末)I think there ________ fewer people and ________ pollution in 100 years. A.will have; less B.will be; fewer C.will be; less D.will have; fewer 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林辽源·期末)—Could you please help me clean the room? —Sure. I ________ you if I ________ my homework. A.help; finish B.will help; finish C.help; will finish 10.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)Scientists believe that AI robots ________ some small health problems in the future. A.solve B.are solving C.will solve D.solved 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语,其基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。 2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——不定式(短语)放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语,你真是太好了。 作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语,通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。 作宾语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下: 想要干:want, wish, hope, expect, would like/love, like 早打算:plan, prepare, mean 同意否:agree, offer, refuse 问问看:ask, afford 决定了:decide, make up one’s mind, promise 开始学:begin/start, learn 尽力干:manage(反义词fail), try 努力做:make an effort 莫等待:wait 别忘记:forget(反义词remember) ②在find, think等词后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the station. 他同意在车站接我。 ②I think it difficult to finish the program in two weeks. 我觉得要在两周内完成这个项目很难。 作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise, allow, ask, encourage, force, help, invite, order, teach, tell, warn, wish, want/would like, expect, get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后,要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look,see,notice, watch)。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。 作定语 不定式(短语)作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。 作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。(目的状语) ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子,结果却发现它是空的。(结果状语) ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。(原因状语) 【拓展】 1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时,后一个不定式往往省略to。如: The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. 2.省略to的常见句型: ①Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不……呢? ②Could/Would/Will you please (not) do sth.? 你可以(不)做……吗? ③had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 ④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B ⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。 ⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 3.含动词不定式的特殊句型: ①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 ②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 ③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 ④adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 ⑤too...to... 太……而不能…… 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·天津河西·期末)The government built a new hospital in the area ________ the local people get better medical care. A.helping B.helped C.to help D.helps 2.(25-26八年级上·天津南开·期末)Our teacher tells us ________ in the river. It’s dangerous. A.to swim B.not to swim C.don’t swim D.not swim 3.(25-26八年级上·天津红桥·期末)Tom trained hard __________ his basketball skills. A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved 4.(25-26八年级上·北京朝阳·期末)Sun Yingsha trains hard every day ________ her table tennis skills. A.improve B.improved C.improving D.to improve 5.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)Our school will invite Mr Li ______ us a speech tomorrow on how to protect the earth. A.give B.gives C.to give D.giving 6.(25-26八年级上·四川达州·期末)—If you need my help, please let me know. I will do anything I can ________ you. —No, thanks. I can do it all by myself. A.to help B.help C.helping 7.(25-26八年级上·天津西青·期末)My brother always tries to make me _________ when I’m unhappy. A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed 8.(25-26八年级上·甘肃天水·期末)________ water and electricity, please take a quick shower. A.To waste B.Wasting C.To save D.Saving 9.(25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末)The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us ________ action right now. A.to take B.take C.taking D.to taking 10.(25-26八年级上·天津红桥·期末)He knew it was wrong and refused __________ his classmates’ homework. A.to copy B.copy C.copying D.to copying 条件状语从句 一、条件状语从句的引导词 1. if,如果 e.g.: If you ask him for help, he will give you a hand. 如果你向他求助,他会给你提供帮助。 2. unless 除非(= if ... not) e.g.: Unless you tell him the truth, he won’t trust you any more. = If you don’t tell him the truth, he won’t trust you any more. 除非你告诉他真相,否则他不会再相信你。 3. as long as 只要 e.g.: As long as you keep trying, you will solve this problem. 只要你继续尝试,你最终会解决这个问题的。 二、条件状语从句的时态 主句表示将来概念,从句需要使用一般现在时表示将来,即“主将从现”原则。 1. 主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: e.g.: We will go climbing tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去爬山。 2. 主句谓语动词为can, may, must等情态动词时,从句用一般现在时,如: e.g.: You can make your dream come true as long as you don’t give up. 只要你不放弃,你就能实现梦想。 We must leave right now if we want to get to the airport on time. 如果我们想要准时达到机场,我们现在就必须动身。 3. 主句为祈使句,从句用一般现在时,如: e.g.: Don’t break your promises if you need others’ trust. 如果你想要别人的信任,就不要违背诺言。 三、区分条件状语从句连词if(如果)和宾语从句连词if(是否) if表示“如果”时,引导条件状语从句,从句需要遵循“主将从现”原则; if表示“是否”时,引导宾语从句,从句时态可使用将来时。 e.g.: I will call you if I have free time. 如果我有空余时间,我会给你打电话。 She is wondering if Mike will come to the party. 她在想,迈克能否来参加派对。 【考点精练】 1.(25-26八年级上·全国·课后作业)He ________ much healthier if he ________enough exercise in his free time. A.is; take B.will be; takes C.will be; take D.was; is taking 2.(25-26八年级上·吉林松原·期末)________ you treat others with honesty and trust, you may get friendship in return soon. A.Before B.So C.If 3.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)—What will you do if you ________ your way in a new city? —I will use a map on my phone. A.lose B.loses C.lost D.will lose 4.(25-26八年级上·甘肃陇南·期末)We can have a wonderful future ______ we work hard. A.if B.but C.so D.although 5.(25-26八年级上·云南昆明·期末)________ you stay calm in an emergency, you may make the right choice. A.If B.So C.But D.Or 6.(25-26八年级上·海南省直辖县级单位·期末)________ you want to make the other person happy, you should mention his or her strong points. A.If B.When C.After 7.(25-26八年级上·广东·期末)You can’t get on the train ________ you have a ticket. A.if B.though C.unless D.as soon as 8.(25-26八年级上·云南文山·期末)If you share more about your feelings, others ________ you better. A.understand B.understood C.are understanding D.will understand 9.(25-26八年级上·河南驻马店·期末)—I have difficulty improving my English writing. —Why not try DeepSeek? If you ________ it wisely, it ________a good tool for learning. A.use; becomes B.will use; will become C.use; will become D.will use; becomes 10.(25-26八年级上·海南海口·期末)I like playing the guitar. I can practise it ________ I have free time on weekends. A.as soon as B.as long as C.as far as 1 / 13 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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巩固05 各单元语法突破及精练-2026年八年级英语寒假衔接回归教材复习与预习重难点突破(新教材人教版)
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