内容正文:
巩固03 Unit1-Unit4 单元知识梳理
Unit 1
知识点1:How do people spend their holidays?人们如何度过他们的假期?
辨析pay, spend, take与cost
词汇
常用句型
pay
sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
spend
sb. spend(s) some money on sth./doing sth.
sb. spend(s) some time on sth./(in) doing sth.
take
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth./sth. takes some time
cost
sth. cost(s) sb. some money
pay off意为“成功;奏效;达到目的”,可用于表示辛苦的付出终有回报。
如:Our hard work paid off. 我们的努力得到了回报。
知识点2:Here. I can show you some photos.
show的用法
词性
意义及用法
动词
意为“给……看;展示”
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看(展示)某物”
意为“引,领,带”,show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地”
意为“表示,显露”,show up意为“出现,露面”,show off意为“炫耀”
名词
意为“演出;节目;展览,展览会”,
talk show意为“访谈节目”,on show意为“展览;陈列”
知识点3:感叹句
How great it was!这是一个感叹句(表达强烈情感的句子)
结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。
1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词)
①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如:
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊!
2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词)
①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩!
③How+主语+谓语!如:
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
知识点4:I just took my breath away.
take one's breath away这个短语的字面意思是“把呼吸带走”,实际含义是“使某人惊叹;使某人陶醉”,通常用于描述某物或某人非常美丽、令人震撼或令人惊讶,以至于让人短暂地停止呼吸,感到惊叹。
The view from the top of the mountain took my breath away. (山顶的景色让我惊叹不已。)
辨析:take,bring与carry
take
“带去,拿去”,指把某人或某物从说话人所在的地方带到别处,与bring意思相反。
Please take these books to the library for me. 请替我把这些书带到图书馆去。
bring
“带来,拿来”,指把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地方。
Why don’t you bring your brother to the party? 你为什么不带你哥哥来参加宴会?
carry
“携带,提,扛,抬,运”等,具有负重的含义,但不强调方向。
They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery. 他们正在把一些画运到艺术馆。
知识点5:Everything tasted great, especially the steamed chicken soup.
especially用法:“especially”是副词,意为“尤其;特别”,用来强调在众多事物中某一事物更为突出或特别
I like all kinds of fruits, especially apples. (我喜欢各种水果,尤其是苹果。)这里强调了在所有水果中,苹果是更为突出、更受喜欢的。
知识点6:We had a wonderful experience.
①experience作名词:表示“经历;经验”
具体经历(可数):Ihave many interesting experiences in summer camp.(我在夏令营有许多有趣的经历。)
抽象经验(不可数):She has rich teaching experience.(她有丰富的教学经验。)
②作动词:表示“经历;体验”
We experienced a heavy rain yesterday.(我们昨天经历了一场大雨。)
知识点7:1 got you something as a gift.
as的用法
(1) 作介词,意为“作为,当作;像,如同”。
如:She works as a teacher. 她的职业是教师。
(2)作连词:
①“当……时;随着”。
如: She became happy as she talked about her friends. 她一谈到朋友们就高兴起来了。
②“由于,因为”。
如:As you were out, I left a message. 因为你不在,所以我留了一张字条。
③“正如;如同”。
如:As you know, Julia is leaving soon. 你是知道的,朱莉娅马上要离开了。
④“照……方式”。
如:They did as I had asked. 他们是按照我的要求做的。
(3)作副词,意为“像……一样;如同”。
常见搭配:as...as...,意为“和……一样……”(常用于同级比较)。
如:You’re as tall as your father. 你和你父亲一样高。
as soon as意为“一……就……”,
as long as意为“只要”,
as usual意为“像往常一样”。
知识点8:It rained heavily when I arrived at the town.so I could do nothing but stay in the hotel.
① rain heavily 表示“下大雨”,副词 heavily 修饰动词 rain
同义表达:rain hard /a heavy rain(名词形式)
It rained heavily last night, so the streets were flooded. (昨晚雨下得很大,街道都被淹没了。)
② arrive at / arrive in
arrive at:后接小地点(如学校、车站)We arrived at the airport at 9 o'clock, (我们 9 点到达机场。)
arrive in:后接大地点(如城市、国家)They arrived in Beijing yesterday.(他们昨天到达北京。)
③ nothing but 表示“只有:仅仅”,后接名词或动词原形
He had nothing but a piece of bread for breakfast.(他早餐只有一片面包。)
nothing but+ 动词原形(表示“只能做...”)
I did nothing but wait for the bus. (我只能等公交车。)
They do nothing but relax, sleep or watch TV.(他们什么都没做,只是放松、睡觉或看电视。)
知识点9:Someone had left a book in my room, and that was exactly what I needed.
leave的用法
(1)作动词,leave→left→left→leaving。意为“离开;把……留下”。其用法如下:
用法
例句
leave sp.(for)离开某地(去……)
I leave home for work at 7 every morning. 我每天早上7点离开家去工作。
leave for sp.动身去某地
When do you leave for school?
你什么时候去上学?
leave sb./sth. +adj./v.-ing/to do 让某人/某物处于某种状态
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外边雨里等着。
leave sb./sth. behind)
把某人/某物落下/留下
He wasn’t well, so we had to leave him behind.
他身体不适,因此我们只好把他留下。
leave sb. alone=leave sb. by oneself撇下某人;让某人独自待着
Why can’t you leave me alone?
你为什么不能别管我的事情?
(2)作名词,意为“休假;假期”。ask for a month’s leave 意为“请一个月假”。
知识点10:The bed was comfortable.
comfortable形容词,表示“舒适的”
This chair is very comfortable to sit on.(这把椅子坐起来很舒服。)
反义词:uncomfortable(不舒适的)
派生词:comfort(名词,舒适):comfortably(副词,舒适地)
知识点11:I was so bored that I decided to find something to read.
① so...that...表示“如此.以至于…”,引导结果状语从句
结构:so+形容词/副词+that+从句
She was so tired that she fell asleep at once. (她太累了,以至于立刻睡着了。)
【妙辨异同】so…that…/so that/such…that…
辨析
意义及用法
so… that…
意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词或副词。可与too… to…结构互换。
so that
意为“以便;为了”,引导目的状语从句。可与in order that互换。
such… that…
意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,such后接名词。
【注意】 such+a/an+adj. +可数名词单数(+that从句)= so+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数(+that从句)
当名词前有many, much, few或little等词修饰时,其前必须用so而不用such。
知识点12:I stood up and walked towards the window.
towards介词,表示“朝;向”(强调方向)
He walked towards the park.(他朝公园走去。)
注意:不能与 to 混淆,towards 侧重方向,to侧重目的地
知识点13:I decided to visit a town close to my city.
decide的用法
decide的名词形式为decision(,make a decision意为“做决定”,decide to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.=make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。
close
① 作动词:表示“关闭":Close the window, please. (请关窗。)
②作形容词:表示“近的;亲密的": My home is close to the school.(我家离学校很近。)
She is my close friend. (她是我的密友。)
区别:closely(副词,紧密地)
They are closely connected.(它们紧密相连。)
知识点14:We should not forget that.我们不应该忘记那件事。
forget的用法
forget(forgot;forgotten)为动词,意为“忘记;遗忘”。
如:
①People forget to say thank you sometimes.
人们有时会忘记说谢谢。
②I’ll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
有些动词与forget用法类似,后接动词不定式或动名词均可,但意思稍有差别。如:
知识点15: It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily.
它提醒我们战争是可怕的,和平来之不易。
(1)remind作动词,意为“提醒;使想起”。
“It reminds sb that+从句.”意为“这使某人想起……。”
remind sb of sb/sth意为“使某人想起某人/事/物”。如:
You remind me of your father when you say that.
你说那样的话,使我想起了你的父亲。
(2)peace作名词,意为“和平;太平”。其形容词形式为peaceful,意为“和平的;安静的”。
知识点16:Don't spend too much on holiday shopping, or you might easily go over budget.不要在假日购物上花太多钱,否则你很容易超出预算。
(1)spend作动词,意为“花(时间、钱等)”。常用结构:spend too much on sth 意为“在某事/物上花费太多”。
(2)辨析too much, much too与too many
词汇
意义及用法
例句
too much
意为“太多”
①修饰或代替不可数名词
②修饰动词作状语
①They watch too much TV.
他们看电视看得太多了。
②She laughs too much. 她笑得太多了。
much too
意为“太……”,修饰形容词或副词
The clothes she wears are much too young for her. 她穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。
too many
意为“太多”,修饰或代替可数名词复数
You made too many mistakes.
你犯的错误太多了。
知识点17:
I turned around and was surprised to see a noise.
be surprised to do sth 惊讶地做某事
surprise的用法
surprise还可作动词,意为“(使)惊讶/吃惊”,其形容词为surprising和surprised。具体用法如下:
①surprising“令人惊讶的”,主语为物,如:His idea is surprising. 他的想法很让人惊讶。
②surprised“感到意外的”,主语是人,常用结构:sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到意外;be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。
如:I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。
She looked surprised when I told her. 我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。
Unit 2
知识点1:
1. Can/Could you please water the plants? 请你给植物浇水好吗?
-Sure./Sorry,I have to clean the bathroom now.当然可以。/对不起,我现在得打扫浴室。
【详解】
知识点1: 重点:“Could you please ...?”表示“请你……好吗?”,后接动词 原形 ,否定形式为 Could you please not do...? 。其中could表示委婉语气,不表示过去时态。
其答语如下:
肯定回答,如Yes, sure./Sure./Certainly./OK./No problem.等;
否定回答,如Sorry, I can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid not. Because ...等。
Eg.—Could you please pass me the spoon? 请你把勺子递给我好吗?
—Sure. Here you are. 当然可以,给你。
Could you please not play computer games? 请你不要玩电脑游戏了好吗?
知识点2: have to表示不得不,相当于must后接动词 原形
知识点2:invite
2.Mum,can I invite friends to the new house?妈妈,我能邀请朋友到新房子吗?
用法:invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事:invite sb to sp 邀请某人到某地
I want to invite Tom to my party.我想邀请Tom到我的派对。
He invited my family yesterday. 昨天他邀请了我全家。
Her family invited me to stay with them for a few weeks. 她家里人邀请我同他们一起住几个星期。
Who have you invited to your house for your birthday party? 你邀请了谁到家里来参加你的生日聚会?
知识点3:would like
Would you like to mop the floor or the windows?你愿意拖地还是擦窗?
【详解】
Would you like…?句型
(1)Would you like…?句型用于礼貌地询问对方的意愿,语气比want委婉。虽然是疑问句,但表示的是建议或请求,因此在表示“一些”时,常用some不用any。常用结构有:
①would like + n./pron.“想要某物”。如:
Would you like some bread?你想要些面包吗?
Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗?
②would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。如:
Would you like to go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗?
③would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。如:
Would you like him to do the work?你想要他做这项工作吗?
(2)一般疑问句句型“Would you like sth.?”的肯定回答:“Yes, please.”,否定回答:“No, thanks.”;“Would you like to do sth.?”的肯定回答:“Yes, I’d love to.”,否定回答:“I’d love to, but…或Sorry, I’m afraid not.”。如:
—Would you like a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗?
—Yes, please./No, thanks. 是的,来一杯。/不,谢谢。
—Would you like to eat out with me tonight?今晚和我一起外出吃饭好吗?
—Yes, I’d love to./I’d love to, but I have no time. 好呀,我很乐意。/我很想去,但我没有时间。
常见提建议的句型还有如下几种:
①Would you like to do sth.?你想要做某事吗?
②Shall we do sth.?让我们做某事好吗?
③Let’s do sth.!让我们做某事吧!
④You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。
⑤Would/Could you please (not) do sth.?请你(不要)做某事好吗?
⑥Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗?
⑦Why not do sth.?/Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事呢?
⑧What/How about...?意为“……怎么样?” 其中about为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。
知识点4:
I can't wait to show them our new house.我迫不及待要展示我的新家。
can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
wait作及物和不及物动词,意为“等待;盼望”。常用于下列固定搭配中:
wait for sb. 等待某人
wait to do sth. 等待做某事
wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
wait a minute/moment/second 等一下
如:
—What are you doing here?你在这儿干什么?
—I’m waiting for my father to pick me up. 我在等父亲来接我。
知识点5:by
5. Can I put some flowers by the window?
by用法:作为介词,有多种含义。
用法
含义
示例
by+v.-ing
通过……手段;以……的方式
They study by working in groups.
by+交通工具
乘坐
They go to the park by subway.
by+抽象名词
由于 (表原因)
They met by chance.
by+时间点
不迟于
Jerry will arrive at the class by 8:30.
by+地点名词
在……旁;靠近
The doctor is standing by the door.
by+物
表示抓到或触及到的部分
I take him by the hand.
by+人
被某人……,常用于被动语态中
That umbrella is made by my mother.
常见搭配:by the way(顺便说一下);by oneself(独自);by the time(到.…...时候)。
in 表示“用……的方式,用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)”等;
with 表示“用……工具(具体有形的工具)”。
知识点6:yet
6. But their room is already clean! Well, it's not grandma clean" yet!
Yet & Already
Yet(尚未):用于否定句和疑问句
I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
Already (已经):用于肯定句
She has already read this book.她已经读过这本书了。
知识点7:borrow
7. Helen, can I borrow your chess set?
borrow 动词:借入,搭配:borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物
Can I borrow your pen? Mine is broken. 我能借你的钢笔吗?我的坏了。
辨析:lend(借出)→lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
【易混辨析】重点:borrow, lend与keep
单词
含义
用法
borrow
借;借入
(主语借进)
borrow sth. from sb. “向某人借某物”
lend
(过去式lent)
借给;借出
(主语借出)
lend sb. sth. “借某物给某人”
= lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人”
keep
保存;保留
延续动词,表示借用的时间长度,与for +一段时间及how long连用(指借一段时间)
Eg:He borrowed a lot of money from me. 他从我这儿借了很多钱。
Could you lend me your bike? = Could you lend your bike to me? 你可以借给我你的自行车吗?
I wanted to borrow a bike from my friend but he didn’t lend it to me, because Jane kept it for two days.
我想借用朋友的自行车,但他没借给我,因为简已经借走它两天了。
知识点8:see
8.I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.我看到我的外公和我的小表妹站在冷风中等待我们。
see作动词,意为“看见”。主要有两种用法:
(1)see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(全过程)。注意:用于被动语态需还原不定式符号to,即:sb. be seen to do sth. 某人被看见做某事。
(2)see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事。
【拓展】辨析watch, look, see与read
词汇
意义及用法
常见搭配
watch
“注视;观看”,后多接电视、比赛、实验、表演等
watch TV/a game/match/movie
look
“看”,强调动作;单独使用“Look!”表示提醒。后接宾语时用“look at+宾语”
look at the
blackboard
see
“看见”,强调结果;也可译为“理解;明白”
see sb. do/doing sth.
see a film
see a doctor
read
“读;阅读”,后多接报纸、杂志、书等
read a newspaper/
magazine/book
知识点9:leave
9.Several days later when we were leaving, Grandma held my hands.几天过后当我们正准备离开时,外婆握住了我的手。
【详解】
变形:leave v.→left(过去式/过去分词)
知识点10:matter
10. No matter how long I'm away, home is always glad to see me again.无论我离开多久,家里总是会很高兴再次见到我。
知识点11:busy
11.Grandma,my aunt, and my uncle were busing cooking dinner in the kitchen.奶奶、我的姑姑和我的叔叔正在厨房里忙着做晚饭。
busy adj. 繁忙的,忙绿的 反义词:free/available空闲的
①be busy with sth忙于某事
②be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
知识点12:share
12.I shared the snacks with my cousin.我和我的表弟一起吃了零食。
变形:share v. →shared(过去式/过去分词)→sharing(现在分词)
知识点13:
13.what words are used to describe people's feeling?用来描述人们的词语有哪些?
be used to do意为“被用来做……”(表目的),如:
The spoon is used for having soup. = The spoon is used to have soup. 那把勺子是用来喝汤的。
used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by
①“某人 + used to + 动词原形”表示“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”,是过去时态;
②“某人 + be/get(s) used to + 动词ing”表示“某人习惯于做某事”,通常是一般现在时;
③“某物 + be used to + 动词原形”表示“某物被用于做某事”,它和be used for sth./doing sth.都可以表示“被用来……”(表目的);
④be used as表示“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”,后面接名词,强调使用的工具及手段;
⑤be used by表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。如:
I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing. 我过去常常集邮,但是现在我习惯画画。
Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以被用来造纸。
The knife is used to cut apples. = The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。
A knife is used as a tool. 小刀被用作一种工具。
知识点14:
14.We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.
我们想把动物(的图画)盖住并且把墙涂成浅绿色。
知识点15:
After painting,could you help choose some photos to hang on the walls?
choose的用法
如:
①Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad.
许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育,而不是出国。
②He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择,只能依靠自己。
Unit 3
知识点1:compare
How do we compare with each other?我们相互之间如何比较?
辨析compare...with...与compare...to...
词组
意义及用法
compare...
with...
意为“把……和……作比较”,常表示同类相比、比较。
compare...
to...
意为“把……比作……”,常表示异类相比、比喻。另外,还可表示“把……与……比较”,此时可与compare...with...互换。
知识点2:different
How are we different from each other?我们彼此之间有什么不同?
【详解】
变形:different adj.不同的→difference n.差别;差异→differently adv.不同地
be different from...=be not the same as...=have a difference from...与……不同
如:British eating habits are different from those in China.
【易混辨析】
be the same as 和……一样
两词组后都可跟名词、代词或名词性物主代词。
My hairstyle is the same as hers.
我的发型和她的发型一样。
be different from 与……不同
两个词组在使用时,前后都应是同类事物。
My hobbies are different from Lucy’s.
我的爱好与露西的不同。
知识点3:loud
Emma sings louder.Emma唱的更大声。
【易混辨析】aloud, loud, loudly
aloud
副词,强调出声,但声音不一定很大,常与read, think等连用,aloud修饰call,cry等动词时,可作"高声地"解。
Please read the text aloud.
请大声读这篇课文。
The boy called aloud for help.
这个男孩高声求救。
loud
形容词,意为"响亮的,大声的",作副词时意为"大声,高声",侧重给人的感觉,常放在speak, shout, laugh, talk等词后。
Speak loud while answering the teacher’s question.
回答老师的问题时声音要大。
The boy always laughs in a loud voice in public.
那个男孩总是在公共场合大声地笑。
loudly
副词,意为"大声地,响亮地",多含有噪音或喧扰声的意味,放在所修饰的动词前后都可。
The students sang very loudly. 学生们大声地唱歌。
They all shouted loudly. 他们都大声地喊叫。
知识点4:afraid
Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone.
Don’t be afraid of trying new things. Maybe you can discover what you are good at.
知识点5:or
Who dances better,Ella or Emma?艾拉和艾玛谁跳的更好?
【详解】重点:这是一个反意疑问句,反意疑问句的结构为:
肯定的陈述句
+
否定的附加问句(be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语)
“前 肯 后 否 ”
否定的陈述句
+
肯定的附加问句(be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语)
“前 否 后 肯 ”
You are from Australia, aren't you?
肯定 否定
Jack doesn't live in Guilin, does he?
否定 肯定
【注意】反意疑问句前后两部分的主语在人称和数方面要保持一致,be动词、助动词或情态动词也要保持一致。
Eg.She doesn’t like shopping, does she? 她不喜欢购物,是吗?
He can’t speak French, can he? 他不会说法语,对吗?
【拓展延伸】
(1)反意疑问句的回答: ① 答语都要与事实情况一致。
② 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+肯定结构.
否定回答:No, 主语+否定结构.
③ 当陈述部分是否定句时,答语中的Yes译为“不”,No译为“是”.
Eg. --- You don’t like classical music, do you ?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
不,我喜欢。 / 是的,我不喜欢。
(2)陈述句部分含有nothing、never、hardly等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问句用肯定形式。
Eg.You hardly understand me, do you? 你几乎不理解我,是吗?
知识点6:attend
You attended the festival last year and this year.
辨析join, attend与take part in
词汇
意义及用法
常见搭配
join
“参加;加入”,侧重指加入某个党派、团体、组织等,并成为其中一员。也可接人作宾语。
join the army/party(党派)/team/club...
join sb. in (doing) sth.
attend
“出席”,指出席会议等,自己不一定起积极作用。
attend school/a meeting...
take
part in
“参与”,表示参加会议或活动,且在其中发挥一定作用。
take part in a discussion/an activity/a fight/a celebration...
知识点7:as....as
I work as hard as her.
as...as的用法:
(1)as...as的含义为"和……一样",用于形容词、副词的同级比较。两个as的词性和用法不一样,第一个as是副词,后面接形容词或副词的原级,第二个as为连词。
I’m as tall as Nelly. 我和内莉一样高。
Tom runs as fast as Sam. 汤姆和萨姆跑得一样快。
Lily is not so outgoing as Lucy. 莉莉不如露西外向。
知识点8:pleasure Our pleasure!
pleasure,pleased,please与pleasant
pleasure
(1)不可数名词,“高兴;愉快”。
如: It gives us much pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话我们很愉快。
(2)可数名词,指具体的“乐事;愉快的活动”。
如: It is a pleasure to talk with you. 与你谈话是件乐事。
(3)固定搭配
①With pleasure. 乐意效劳。
用来回应对方的请求或邀请等,“可以;没问题;乐意效劳”。
如: —Will you lend me the book?这本书你借给我好吗?
—With pleasure. 没问题。
pleasure
②It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。
用来回应对方的感谢,意为“不用谢;不客气”。
如: —Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮了我。
—My pleasure. 别客气。
pleased
形容词,“高兴的”,常修饰人。
常用结构: be pleased with sth. 对……满意
be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事
知识点9:similar
be similar to与……相像的/类似的
be similar to与……相像的/类似的,相当于be like。
Your new haircut is similar to mine. 你的新发型和我的相似。
Jack is similar to his father in many ways. 杰克在很多方面与他爸爸相似。
similar与in连用时,构成be similar in sth.意为"在某方面相似/相仿"。
Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼,一个受欢迎的冬季运动,在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。
【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in
(1)be similar to意为"与……相像的/类似的"。
(2)be similar in意为"在……方面相似"。
【易混辨析】
similar
形容词,意为"相似的;类似的",可作定语和表语。
My best friend and I have similar hobbies.
我和我最好的朋友有相似的爱好。
same
形容词,意为"相同的;同样的",前面要加定冠词the。
They have the same age.
他们的年龄相同。
知识点10:interest
如:She bought an interesting book yesterday. 昨天,她买了一本有趣的书。
She is very interested in traveling. 她对旅游很感兴趣。
在英语中,有两大类动词构成的形容词,一类是ing 形容词,一般用来形容事物本身的性质,表示“令人……的”,主语一般是物体;另一类是ed形容词,一般用来形容人的感受,“感到……的”,主语一般是人。
初中常见的这两类形容词有:
exciting/excited relaxing/relaxed boring/bored
surprising/surprised amazing/amazed tiring/tired
disappointing/disappointed moving/moved
知识点11:
Thanks to her,I am becoming more outgoing.
【用法详解】thanks to表示“由于;多亏”,在句中作状语,常位于句首。可与because of或with the help of进行转换。
Eg.Thanks to you help, we finished the task on time. 多亏了你的帮助,我们才按时完成了任务。
【易混辨析】thanks to 与 thanks for
thanks to
多亏;由于
介词to后跟表示感谢的对象,可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式
thanks for
因……而感谢
介词for后跟感谢的原因,可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式
Eg. Thanks to you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没迷路。
Eg. Thanks for sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。
知识点12:because of
【易混辨析】because of与because“因为;由于”
because of
短语介词,后接表示原因的名词、代词或动词-ing形式,但不能引导从句
because
连词,引导原因状语从句
Eg.My sister didn’t go to school today because of her illness. 今天我妹妹因为生病没有去上学。
= My sister didn’t go to school today because she was ill .
知识点13: population
【用法详解】population名词,意为“人口;人口数量”,作主语时谓语动词常用 单数 (单数/复数)形式。
重点:population的用法
(1)"the population of...is +数词”,“……的人口数量是多少”,谓语动词用 单数 (单数/复数)
(2)基数词+ percent of the population are….“百分之几的人口...”,谓语动词用 复数 (单数/复数)
(3)询问人口数量时,用“What’s the population of ……?”=“How large is the population of...?”
(4)表示人口“多”时,常用 big 或 large ;表示人口“少”时,常用 small ,而不用much/many或little/few
【注意】对population进行提问时,不能用how many或how much。
Eg.The population of China is much larger that that of the USA. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。
Three fifths of the population here are old people. 这里五分之三的人是老人。
—What is the population of your hometown? 你的家乡有多少人口?
—The population of my hometown is about 200,000. 我的家乡大约有二十万人口。
Hundreds of years ago, the world’s population was very small. 数百年前世界人口很少。
知识点14: makes me laugh
She makes me laugh and feel better.
make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。使役动词make和感官动词see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice 等都接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。
She made me stay with her. 她让我和她待在一起。
【知识拓展】
(1)make sb./sth. +形容词,表示"使某人(感到)……;使某物……",此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。
The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。
(2)make sb. + 名词,表示"使某人成为……",名词作宾语补足语。
We make him captain. 我们选他当队长。
(4)make sb./sth. do表示"使某人/某物做……",不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。注意在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略。
She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。
(5) 常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Let me have a try. 让我试一试。
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。
知识点15:care about 关心;在意
Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗?
He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。
【知识拓展】
(1)care作动词的常用词组还有:
care for 喜欢;照料
He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。
(2)care作名词的常用词组:
take care 小心;当心;保重
take care of 照顾;照料(相当于look after)
Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。
Goodbye, and take care! 再见,多保重!
He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大,能照顾自己了。
知识点16: reach for
reach for 伸手去拿
He reached over for the last cake. 他伸过手来拿最后一块蛋糕。
【易混辨析】
reach+地点
I reached Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。
get to+地点
I got to Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。
arrive in+大地点
at+小地点
I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。
I arrived at Beijing Airport last night. 我昨晚到达北京机场。
Unit 4
知识点1:①one of+the+形容词最高级十可数名词复数
②popular
【详解】
1. Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的主题之一。
①“one of+the+形容词最高级十可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
One of my friends lives in Shanghai.我的一个朋友住在上海。
②be popular with受....欢迎
知识点2:①actually ② shoot
2.Exactly! Actually we eat bamboo shoots too.They're really delicious.
①actually作副词.意为“实际地,真实地”actually用于说明个人观点或强调真实情况,actually可修饰单词、短语和句子修饰句子相当于in fact或as a matter of fact。
②shoot作名词,意为“幼苗;嫩芽”,还可以表示“射击;枪声”;作动词,意为“开(枪);
射击”,过去式和过去分词为shot/shot。
知识点3:use
3. What do people use bamboo for?人们用竹子做什么?
People can use it to build houses and make tools and instruments.人们可以用它来建造房屋,制作工具和乐器。
use作动词,意为“使用”,常用结构:use sth for(doing) sth 意为“用某物做某事”;
use sth to do sth意为“用某物做某事”。
如:
She used the money for college.她用这笔钱上了大学。
【易混辨析】
辨析used to do sth., be/get used to (doing) sth.与be used to do sth.
结构
意义及用法
例句
used to do sth.
意为“过去常常做某事”,只用于过去时。说明现在不做了。
I used to get up late in the morning, but now I’m used to getting up early.
我过去早上常常起得很晚,但我现在习惯早起。
be/get used to (doing) sth.
意为“习惯于(做)某事”,其中to是介词。
be used to do sth.
意为“被用来做某事”。
A knife is used to cut things. 刀是用来切东西的。
知识点4:seem
Bamboo seems to be a very popular plant in China.
知识点5:weigh
Some could stand up three metres tall and weigh up to 860kg.
如: Tom weighs about 60 kilos. = The weight of Tom is about 60 kilos. Tom的体重约为60千克。
I put on some weight during the Spring Festival. 春节期间我长胖了些。
—How heavy is this case? = How much does this case weigh? = What’s the weight of this case? 这个箱子有多重?
—It’s 10 kilos. 重10千克。
知识点6:it is the best time to do sth
It is the best time to see it.
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.句型
句型
意义
It’s time (for sb.)to do sth.
到(某人)该做某事的时间了。
It’s time for sth.
该做某事了。
It’s the/one’s+序数词+time+to do sth.
某人第几次做某事。
如:①The new year is coming, and it’s time for us to make New Year’s resolutions.
新年就要到了,是我们做新年计划的时候了。
②It’s 12 o’clock now. It’s time for lunch.
现在12点了。该吃午饭了。
③It’s her first time to visit the Great Wall.
这是她第一次参观长城。
知识点7:imagine
作动词,意为“想象;设想”,其基本用法如下:
(1)imagine (doing) sth.意为“想象(做)某事”。如:
I can’t imagine life without electricity. 我无法想象没有电的生活。
It’s hard to imagine walking all the way to the North Pole. 很难想象一路走着到北极。
(2)imagine + that/wh从句,意为“想象……”。如:
After such a dry summer, it is difficult to imagine what rain looks like. 如此干旱的夏季过去之后,很难想象雨季是什么样子的。
Can you imagine how it feels to be blind?你能想象失明的感觉吗?
(3)imagine sb./sth. (to be) + n./adj.意为“想象某人/某事……”。如:
Don’t imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要认为自己总是对的。
知识点8:connect
变形:connect v.连接;把……联系起来
→connection n.联系:关联:连接
→connected adj.有联系的;关联的
connect...with/to...把……和……连接或联系起来
connect with sb.与某人建立联系
be connected by由……所连接/联系
知识点9:in order to
9. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs.为了储存蜂蜜,它们制造蜂巢。
in order to意为“为了;以便”,表示目的,后接动词原形, 相当于 so as to。其否定形式为 in
order not to。如:
In order not to offend anyone, I did not tell them the real reason for my visit.
为了不冒犯任何人,我没有告诉他们我来访的真正原因。
知识点10:without
10. We can't live without bees.我们的生活不能没有蜜蜂。
without作介词,意为“没有;缺乏”。
can't do sth without…意为“没有……无法做某事”。如:
I can't imagine life without a car.我无法想象没有汽车的生活是什么样的。
知识点11:play an important role in
11. You may not realize it, but frogs play an important role in our planet ecosystem.
你可能没有意识到,但是青蛙在我们星球的生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。
play a part/role in…都可意为“在……中发挥作用;扮演角色”。如:
Computers play an important role/part in our daily life.
电脑在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
知识点12:the number of
12. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried.
然而,蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们很担心。
the number of意为“……的数量”,后接可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班的学生人数是50人。
辨析a number of与the number of
词汇
意义及用法
a number of
意为“一些,许多”,后接可数名词复数;“a number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
the number of
意为“……的数量”,后接可数名词复数;“the number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:The number of the volunteers is 100 now, and a small number of them have already gone to the workplace.
现在有100名志愿者,其中一小部分志愿者已经去了工作场所。
知识点13:protect
如: It’s important to protect your skin from the sun. 保护皮肤不受太阳的伤害是很重要的。
与其用法类似的有:
① keep sb. from sth. 保护某人/使某人免受……
如: His only thought was to keep the boy from harm. 他唯一的想法是使那个男孩免受伤害。
② prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
如:
His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game. 背伤可能让他明天不能参赛。
You can’t stop people from saying what they think. 人们想怎么说就怎么说,你阻止不了。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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