Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle （复习讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle复习讲义通过表格分类与结构化梳理构建知识体系，将必记单词、短语、常用结构及语法（动词不定式作主语）等核心内容系统呈现，结合教材原句、例句解析与拓展延伸，清晰展现知识点内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“讲练结合”与分层设计，如语法部分通过“经典练”单句填空、完成句子巩固动词不定式用法，写作模块提供书信框架与素材库，培养语言能力与思维品质。多样化练习题（阅读理解、完形填空等）适配不同学生需求，助力教师实施精准教学，支持学生自主复习提升。

Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle （复习讲义） 必记 单词 1.negative adj.消极的;有害的;否定的  2.discipline n.自制力;纪律;学科vt.自我控制;管教;处罚  3.pill n.药丸;药片  4.delete v.删去;删除  5.surgeon n.外科医生  6.surgery n.外科手术;外科学  7.shave vi., vt.& n.剃(须发);刮脸  8.beard n.胡须;络腮胡子  9.cigarette n.香烟;卷烟  10.specialist n.专科医生;专家  11.drug n.毒品;药物  12.skip v.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走;蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳n.蹦跳  13.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的  14.flu n.流感  15.dentist n.牙科医生  16.nut n.坚果  17.dynamic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的  必背 短语 1.in response to回答;答复  2.rely on依赖;依靠;信赖 3.rather than而不是  4.aside from除……外(还有) 5.straight away 立即;马上 6.decide on决定;选定 7.make up one's mind下定决心  8.be composed of由……组成(或构成)的 9.shave off剃掉;刮去  10.be in control of控制 11.stick to坚持 12.stay up熬夜  13.stressed out焦虑不安;心力交瘁 14.worn out筋疲力尽的;疲惫的 15.try out尝试 16.change...for the better使……好转;改善…… 17.take one's mind off sth.转移一下注意力;暂时将某事忘记  常用 结构 get＋过去分词 状语从句的省略 rather than 连接并列谓语 语法 动词不定式作主语 写作 本单元要求给写一封描述生活方式的信件，符合正式书信的写作范畴 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1 abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 [教材P14]For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems. 例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。 [例1]　What went on here was an abuse of power.这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。 [例2]　He turned round and directed a torrent of abuse at me. 他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。 【拓展】 abuse one's power 滥用某人的权力 alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒 scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂 child abuse 虐待儿童 social abuse 社会弊端 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He abused (he) privileges in activities outside his official capacity. ②Janet (abuse) by her father since she was eleven. ③The evidence at hand suggests that ． 现有的证据表明他有滥用职权的行为。 知识点2 in response to 回答；答复 [教材P14]Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二，“惯例”，即你根据提示所采取的常规行动。 [例1]　The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。 [例2]　His letter in response to her request contained a firm refusal. 对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。 【拓展】 (1)response n． 回答，回应；反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 (2)respond vi. 回答，回应 respond to...with/by... 用……回应…… 【经典练】 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①A few days later，she still made no response my e­mail. ②She responded the news by bursting into tears. ③ He held a big party to respond to the news．(respond) ＝He held a big party ．(response)他举办了一个大的派对来回应那个消息。 知识点3 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 [教材P14]Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三，“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的美好事物或感觉。 [例1]　The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her! 这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！ [例2]　She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。 【拓展】 as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.因为某事而给某人报酬 in reward of为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励 in reward＝in return作为回报/报答 reward sb.with sth.for doing sth.为某事而以某物报答某人 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①He was given a medal as a reward his service. ②His effort was rewarded remarkable success. ③The old man gave the little boy a doll a reward for his help.In reward，the boy gave him a hug. ④ They gave a reward to him for saving the child.(reward n．) ＝They saving the child.(reward v．)他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。 知识点4　rely on依赖；依靠；信赖 [教材P15]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，并养成依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。 [例1]　We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。 [例2]　Don't rely on his ideas，be your own master.你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。 【拓展】 (1)rely on＋n./doing... 指望/依靠…… rely on sb./sth.doing/to do... 指望……做…… rely on it that... 指望…… (2)depend on/upon 依赖；依靠 (3)count on/upon 依赖；依靠 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Not having found a better way，we had to rely him to be the interpreter. ②The success of this project relies on everyone (make) an effort. ③You can rely on it that it will rain tomorrow. ④ I don't know ，but I'm willing to take a gamble.我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。 知识点5 examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验 [教材P15]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。 [例1]　These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。 [例2]　The goods were examined for damage on arrival.货物到达时检查是否有破损。 【拓展】 (1)examine sb.in/on...测验某人…… examination n.审查；调查；考查；考察；(仔细的)检查，检验 (2)a physical examination体检 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The plans will (examine) by EU environment ministers. ②A physical (examine) is a preliminary to joining the army. ③ The students at the end of the term.期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。 [小片段填空] Last week，the teacher examined us in maths.After the examination，we all went to the hospital to have physical examinations．(examine) 知识点6 straight away 立即；马上 [教材P15]...and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up. ……如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。 [例1]　I told him straight away what I thought of the matter.我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。 [例2]　Let's start the meeting straight away!我们马上开会吧！ 【拓展】 (1)straight off/out 毫不犹豫；直率 straight up(询问或强调所说的话的真实性)真的，确实 (2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组 at once；right now；right away 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She asked him straight what he thought about it all. ②So for me，I would straight tell them. ③ I suggest you ．我建议你立即打电话给她。 知识点7　decide on 决定；选定 [教材P15]...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.……你必须思考你的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。 [例1]　After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。 [例2]　Have you decided on a date for the wedding?你们定好婚礼日期了吗？ 【拓展】 (1)decide to do/that＋从句... 决定做…… (2)make a decision 做出决定 come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Now that you decide (go)，you'd better go at once. ②They have chewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach (decide) soon. ③I am already an adult，so I should ．我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。 知识点8　make up one's mind下定决心 [教材P16]We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and make small changes over time.我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改变。 [例1]　Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。 [例2]　It is early days yet to make up our minds.我们要下决心现在还为时过早。 【拓展】 change one's mind改变主意 keep/bear/have...in mind记住；牢记在心头 keep/bear/have in mind that...记住；牢记在心头 speak one's mind直言不讳 read one's mind看出某人的心思 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①If you think it over，maybe you will change (you) mind. ②You must keep/bear/have mind that these exams will affect your final result. ③ We before dark.我们决心在天黑前完成工作。 [点津] 在短语make up one's mind中，mind的单复数要随其前one's的单复数而变化。 知识点9 compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写 [教材P16]Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment，and so on.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。 [例1]　Ten men compose the committee.委员会由十人组成。 [例2]　Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。 【拓展】 (1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of由……组成 (2)composer n.作曲家 (3)composition n.作品；作曲；作文 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The sea water is mainly composed water and salt. ②Ludwig van Beethoven was a German (compose) and pianist. ③The teacher singled out one (compose) for class discussion. ④Our class and twelve girls.我们班由18个男生和12个女生组成。 [小片段填空] The composer once created a famous film，which was composed of three parts.His composition helped him won a lot of prizes.(compose) 知识点10 stressed out疲惫不堪；焦虑不安 •stress n．压力 vt.强调 under stress在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调…… •stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的 【经典练】 (1)每次我有压力时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。 ，I will turn to my parents for help without hesitation. (2)正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。 ① learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(it作形式主语) ② ，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(as引导非限制性定语从句) 知识点11 get＋过去分词 I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends. 通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。 •本句中的get refreshed是get done结构，表示被动或变化。 •常见的get done结构： get broken破了　　　　　get punished受到惩罚 get hurt受到伤害 　get admitted被录取 get married结婚 　get annoyed生气 get excited激动 　get separated被分开 注意：和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。 【经典练】 (1)If you happen to (迷路) in the wild，you’d better stay where you are and wait for help. (2)He went out and (喝醉)． (3)得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。(应用文之祝贺信) ① ，I am writing to congratulate you.(现在分词短语作状语) ②I am writing to congratulate you on .(动名词的复合结构) 知识点12 状语从句的省略 [教材P4]These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。 [句式分析]　if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形式。 [例1]　If asked，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope.如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。 [例2]　If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event. 如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼前六到八个星期收到请帖。 【拓展】 when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。 状语从句省略的条件： (1)从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 (2)如果状语从句中出现了it is/was时，可以把it is/was一起省略。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Unless (invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. ② ，stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。 ③ ，she met this lovely woman.在闲逛时，她遇到了这位可爱的女士。 ④ you can help us to do something.必要时，你能帮我们做些事。 知识点13 rather than 连接并列谓语 [教材P15]So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)...所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)…… [句式分析]　句中的rather than连接并列谓语listen to和eat。 [例1]　Much of the food pleases rather than excites.这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。 [例2]　He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。 【拓展】 (1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。 它构成的句型结构： prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… (2)rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。 (3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称与数上保持一致。 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You rather than I (be) going to go camping. ②I prefer (play) basketball rather than go fishing. ③I prefer to get up early rather than ．我宁愿早起而不是不吃早饭上学。 ④The children would walk there ．孩子们宁愿步行去那儿而不愿乘公共汽车。 ⑤Let's get it done as soon as possible， ．我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。 知识点14.If not，look for another “standout” sentence...(教材P14)如果不是，再找一个“突出”的句子，…… if not 属于if型省略结构，意为 “如果不是这样的话”。 同属if型省略结构的还有： if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible 如果有可能 if any 如果有的话 if ever 若曾经有过 if so 如果这样的话 if anything 如果有的话 ①Do you want that cake？If not，I’ll have it.你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。 ②I don’t suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if any. 我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。 ③You can come to Beijing for a holiday.If so，I’ll show you around the Summer Palace. 你可以来北京度假，如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。 【经典练】 补全句子 As for accommodation，you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel，which I can reserve for you in advance . 关于住宿，你可以选择住在我家里或者住在酒店，如果需要我可以提前为你预订。 知识点15 .Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn’t have any added sugar：fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc.(教材P20)每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，一些没有添加任何糖分的东西：水果、坚果、干肉等等。 句中whenever 引导让步状语从句。 (1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。 (2)Whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。 (3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 ①Whenever/No matter when she is in trouble，he is there for her. 每当她有困难的时候，他都会出现在她身边。 ②Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。 ③Whatever difficulties we may meet，we’ll finish the task on time. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都会按时完成任务。 【经典练】 补全句子 I feel really proud with satisfaction and hope.每当我看到父亲和祖父的病人带着满意和希望离开诊所时，我都感到非常自豪。 知识点16 .So I thought about what to try.(教材P20)所以我想了想该尝试什么。 句中what to try是“疑问词＋不定式”结构。 (1)可用于“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构的疑问代词有who，whom，what，which；疑问副词有when，where，how。该结构相当于一个由疑问词引导的名词性从句，在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 (2)常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构的动词有know，see，decide，tell，ask，consider，explain，learn，wonder等。 【经典练】 ①Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how to read fast. 二十名学生想参加旨在教如何快速阅读的课程。 ②When (decorate)the house hasn’t been decided.什么时候装修房子还没有决定。 ③We haven’t decided to search for the missing painting.我们还没有决定由谁来寻找那幅丢失的画。 单元语法 动词不定式作主 1.To see is to believe. 2.To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 3.It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 4.It’s important for human beings to keep the balance of nature. 【自主发现】 1.动词不定式在句中可作主语。 2.可以用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 语法精讲 不定式是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语(有名词和代词的作用)，通常表示具体的、特定的行为。 1.不定式作主语的用法 (1)不定式位于句首 To study English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。 [名师提醒]　表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To make up for lost time is not possible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。 (2)多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。常用于下列句式中。 ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。 ②It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。 “It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says.老师说：“你把每件事都写下来，真是太蠢了。” [名师提醒] (1)该句式结构中for sb前常用表示事物的特征、特点的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。 It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 (2)of sb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right等。 It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 (3)疑问词＋不定式短语作主语可置于句首。 How to use the computer is a question.如何使用计算机是个问题。 2. 动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time.完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体) (3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 动名词作真正的主语的句型有：It’s no good (use，fun) doing/It’s a waste of time doing等。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我仅用了5分钟便完成了工作。 It is no good arguing with him.He never listens to others.和他争论没用，他从不听别人的。 单元写作 本单元要求给编辑写一封描述生活方式的信件，符合正式书信的写作范畴。 写作框架： 第一段 开头(beginning)——写信目的 第二段 主体(body)——详细介绍自己的生活方式 第三段 结尾(ending)——表达谢意 【积累·写作素材】 写作词汇： 1．be beneficial to对……有益 2．live a healthy life过着健康的生活 3．sort out整理；归类 4．take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 5．spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 6．contribute to有助于 写作句型： 【开头句】 1．I'm writing to you to tell you something about healthy lifestyle. 2．I want to share you something about my lifestyle. 3．I am willing to offer you some tips about living a healthy life. 【中间句】 1．Exercise is beneficial to our health and we'd better have us running for half an hour every day. 运动有益于我们的健康，我们最好每天跑步半小时。 2．What's more，we should combine study with pleasure. 更重要的是，我们应该把学习和快乐结合起来。 3. We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of low carbon life. 我们可以在日常生活中做很多事情来实现低碳生活的目标。 【结尾句】 1．I would appreciate it if you can accept my suggestion.如果你能接受我的建议我将不胜感激。 2．Try your best and you will live a healthier life. 尽力而为，你会过上更健康的生活。 3．It's something about my daily lifestyle，thanks for your reading.这是我日常生活的一部分，谢谢你的阅读。 例题 假定你是李华，根据下面提示用英语给报社编辑写一封信。内容如下： 1．许多青少年不注重健康问题的现象及导致的危害； 2．简述你的看法，提出你的建议。 Dear Editor， As we all know，health is very important. Only when we are healthy can we study well and enjoy life. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 一、单词拼写 1.The doctor 　　　　(检查) her after the accident but found nothing wrong.   2.Current policies 　　　　(促进) future decision-making.  3.The company 　　　　(支配) the market in the 1990s, but soon its highlight passed.   4.So free yourself from 　　　　(消极的) thoughts that keep you from doing well on the test.  5.They can be optimistic, p　　　　, or frightened, and respond to pain just like any mammal would.  6.The committee 　　　　(删除)the member's name from the list for his fault.  7.The next morning, my heart 　　　　(跳过) a beat when I didn't see Spotty.  8.It's not difficult to see that there's a strong link between political 　　　　(解放) and basketball.   9.Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few 　　　　(毒品) that show up regularly in our food supply.  10.He seemed ad　　　　 and energetic leader.  11.It is a lovely 　　　　(喜剧), well worth seeing.  12.Climbing so high made me feel 　　　　(头晕目眩的).  13.That's because the body transforms it into hormones that 　　　　(增强) sleep.   14.The event was a valuable experience, which 　　　　(激发) our passion in particular for promoting environmental protection.  15.He recommended that she do some research and talk to 　　　　(牙科医生) about what a healthier candy would contain.  二、单句语法填空 1.At present, do you think it's really 　　　　　(rely) to pay by “scanning your face(刷脸)”?  2.I guarantee that if you work out regularly,you can keep 　　　　　(physical) healthy.  3.He will be rewarded 　　　　　 an English dictionary 　　　　　 the progress he has made in English.  4.She doesn't want to let her father know this thing, so she 　　　　　(repeated) urges her brother not to tell her father about it.  5.It's kind and nice of you 　　　　　(purchase) a new computer as my birthday gift.  6.I rely on 　　　　　 that I will become an influential writer in the not-too-distant future as long as I insist on writing.  7.Normally, 　　　　　 are fond of exploring various 　　　　　 problems.(psychology)  8.She is 　　　　　 by a 　　　　　 piece of news that the prices are rising sharply.(disturb)  9.Many people suffer from mental illness, so my deskmate wants to become a health 　　　　　(consult) in the future.  10.There are many 　　　　　(facilitate) in the amusement park and children are all happy in the park.  11.After attending the lecture, the children all made up their minds 　　　　　(learn) from this hero.  12.The special work teams 　　　　　(compose) of medical 　　　　　(special) and social workers, and they have already made some new breakthroughs.  13.It will undoubtedly help you get 　　　　　(refresh)!  14.You'd better avoid drinking too much 　　　　　(sugar) drink because it is bad for your health.  15.The average 　　　　　(month) salary in 38 major cities of China hit 8,829 yuan in the winter season of 2019.  16.There is no doubt that a　　　　　 exam or competition always makes a man 　　　　　 physically and mentally.(stress)  三、选词填空 rely on;straight away;decide on;in response to;aside from When Tom got admitted into his ideal university, he had difficulty 1.　　　　　　 which club to participate in. In order to solve this problem, he turned on the computer 2.　　　　　　 and 3.　　　　　　 the Internet for some valuable suggestions. 4.　　　　　　 this, he turned to his teachers and friends for help. He finally decided to join the English club, but his parents hoped he could choose the science club. 5.　　　　　　 their disagreement, he wrote a letter expecting to get their understanding. Afterwards, his parents called him and told him they would respect his choice.  四.完成句子 1.如果有必要的话,你可以带一份合适的礼品以示尊重。 　　　　 　　　　, you can bring an appropriate gift to show respect.   2.你永远可以相信他会为我们提供舒适的生活。(rely) You can always 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 us with a comfortable life.  3.所有参与这个实验的学生都会获得去长城旅游的机会。(involved) All the students 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 will have the chance to travel to the Great Wall.   4.众所周知,父母的决心和毅力会给孩子巨大的勇气。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, parents' determination and perseverance will give children great courage. 6.每当我回到家乡,我都会在教堂里和孩子们一起做志愿者。(whenever) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I volunteer with children at the church.  7.当我们全神贯注于当前的工作时,我们通常不受外界干扰。 When we　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the present task, we are usually free from the 　　　　 　　　　.  8.当期末考试临近时,有些学生变得焦虑不安和紧张。 Some students 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and 　　　　 when the final exam is around the corner. 9.随着夜幕开始降临,简是如此疲惫,以至于她不得不停下来休息。(as) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　was beginning to fall, Jane was 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 she had to stop for a rest.  10.这周末的艺术节值得观看,因为它由很多有趣、搞笑的节目构成。(一句多译) ①The art festival this weekend is worthy of being seen because it 　　　　 　　　　 many interesting and amusing programs.  ②The art festival this weekend is worthy of being seen because it 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 many interesting and amusing programs.  ③The art festival this weekend is worthy of being seen because it 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 many interesting and amusing programs.  五、阅读理解 （2026·广西贵港·一模）Ever wondered what’s happening inside your brain when you get stuck scrolling through (翻动) social media feeds? You may be aware of the thoughts and feelings that are popping up, but what about the way your brain is actually changing shape as you scroll down that screen? Professor Susannah Tye, research group leader at the Queensland Brain Institute, said using social media deeply affects the chemistry of the brain, strengthening addictive behavior and hampering the development of key skills like critical thinking and sustained focus. The development of these abilities is closely associated with the maturity of the brain’s key areas. In actual fact, our brains don’t finish developing until we are well into our 20s. The prefrontal cortex, which is the part of our brain responsible for things such as reasoning, urge control and long-term planning, doesn’t finish maturing until at least the age of 25 — maybe even later for some people. Tye said that when someone went on social media and started scrolling, they got a dopamine (多巴胺) hit straightaway. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神经递质) released by the brain. It’s key in the way we establish consistent behavioral patterns and is central to the brain’s reward system. When our brain releases dopamine during moments of pleasure — it’s the brain’s way of saying, “You should do this again and again.” “The way our brains are wired is whenever something jumps out at you, the neurotransmitter dopamine will be released, and that signals to your brain that this is important, and it helps you pay attention and respond to it,” Tye said. Meanwhile, she stressed that although we associate dopamine with pleasure, the more accurate way of looking at it was as a neurotransmitter that marks significance. “What most people don’t understand is that stress or negative events also stimulate dopamine in just the same way,” she said. “It’s actually released when something is important, irrespective of being good or bad.” 1．What does the underlined word “hampering” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Protecting. B．Assessing. C．Blocking. D．Witnessing. 2．What might the author suggest doing? A．Practicing critical thinking. B．Speeding up our brain maturity. C．Training our prefrontal cortex. D．Avoiding early social media exposure. 3．In which aspect does dopamine play an important role for us? A．Developing our habits. B．Judging the nature of something. C．Responding to external interruption. D．Quitting our social media addiction. 4．What misunderstanding did Tye point out concerning dopamine? A．It is only a pleasure chemical. B．It marks significant events. C．It is merely a release of pressure. D．It aids attention and response. 六、七选五 （2026·四川·一模）On a clear day, when you go outside, the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light helps your body make endorphins (内啡肽). 1 . UV rays also help your skin produce vitamin D．Besides, if you look at the morning sun, your body will know it’s daytime and adjust your sleep schedule properly. These benefits might make some people not want to use sunscreen. 2 . Dr. Steven Q. Wang, who works at Hoagie Memorial Hospital Presbyterian in Newport Beach, California, said, “This is one of the biggest problems in people’s minds: they think they shouldn’t use sunscreen because they’ re afraid of not getting enough vitamin D．” 3 . The sun’s UV rays harm the DNA in your skin cells, and this harm builds up over time. Every time your DNA tries to fix itself, there’s a chance it changes in a bad way and leads to cancer. Dr. Elisabeth Richard, a dermatology lecturer at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, said if you’re worried about not getting enough endorphins from the sun, exercising more can help. 4 . What’s more, even if you use sunscreen every day, most people still get enough UV light to make all the vitamin D they need. 5 . Dr. Sarnoff, who also leads the Skin Cancer Foundation, said, “Even if you use sunscreen as well as possible — putting on a thick layer and reapplying it every two hours — some UV light still gets through. And the risk of skin cancer is much more real than the risk of not having enough vitamin D．” A．These chemicals can lower your stress and make you feel happier B．But sunscreen is our most effective tool to fight skin cancer, which can kill people C．Many people like to stay indoors during hot summer days to avoid strong sunlight D．That’s because most people don’t apply enough sunscreen to cover their skin completely each time E．Exercising outdoors without sunscreen is a good way to get both endorphins and vitamin D F．In fact, skin doctors often hear their patients worry about losing these good effects G．Also, outdoor activities like walking alone or gardening can cheer you up, even with lots of sunscreen 七、完形填空 　Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 　1　 seven years ago after having a 　2　 call. She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues,which 　3　 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 　4　. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 　5　 lifestyle, before discovering a 　6　 for weightlifting.  　　Since setting out on the journey, the 　7　 lover has not only managed to 　8　 an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media.  　　The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there's no 　9　 others can't look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects.  　　“Hold on: Consider failure as a 　10　 to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “　11　 others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 　12　.” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 　13　 is to feel good, not look good.”  　　Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 　14　 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 　15　 for many social media users.  1.A.write　　　 B.travel C.exercise　　　 D.recover 2.A.goodwill　　　 B.timeout C.long-distance　　　 D.wake-up 3.A.normally　　　 B.ultimately C.suddenly　　　 D.automatically 4.A.change　　　 B.fortune C.wish　　　 D.deal 5.A.risky　　　 B.traditional C.comfortable　　　 D.healthy 6.A.demand　　　 B.secret C.passion　　　 D.cure 7.A.peace　　　 B.fitness　　　 C.fun　　　 D.nature 8.A.grow　　　 B.control C.activate　　　 D.relax 9.A.need　　　 B.choice C.reason　　　 D.difference 10.A.green light　　　 B.road block C.passing mark　　　 D.stepping stone 11.A.Help　　　 B.Consult C.Follow　　　 D.Forgive 12.A.accepted　　　 B.shared C.expected　　　 D.celebrated 13.A.goal　　　 B.case C.duty　　　 D.cost 14.A.instructors　　　 B.admirers C.beginners　　　 D.doubters 15.A.authority　　　 B.excuse C.inspiration　　　 D.option 八、语法填空 A （25-26高三上·云南普洱·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 (From National Public Radio) It’s already been proven that spending some time outdoors and around nature can do wonders for one’s overall mental health. Of course, office work makes 1 very difficult for the average employee to get his or her fill of green views. So, a research team wanted to study just how 2 (benefit) indoor plants can be for employees who are depressed all day. The team conducted their experiment in a real-life office setting and with actual 3 (worker). And they observed workers’ psychological and physiological stress levels before and after a small plant   4 (place) on each one of their desks. In all, 63 Japanese office employees 5 (take) part in the research, and they were all instructed to take a short three-minute break whenever they started to feel 6 (particular) tired. The experiment consisted 7 two parts: a control phase in which the employees worked normally without any plants in the office, and an experimental phase in which each employee was given a plant for their desk and told 8 (keep) its health. Researchers then used a standard test to measure employees’ psychological stress levels. The result displayed significantly lower pulse rates after 9 (have) a three-minute break and interacting with their desk plant, showing a noticeable drop in stress levels. These findings held true across all age groups 10 it didn’t matter which type of plants the employees had on their desks. B （25-26高二上·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With a rising awareness of health and well-being, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) cuisine is gaining popularity among consumers in China. TCM drinks, bread, ice cream, hot pot — there has been 1 trend in the catering industry of adding Chinese medicinal ingredients into various food and beverages. They have become unique, 2 (especial) among youngsters. At the Peerless Tea Delights shop in Xining, Northwest China’s Qinghai Province, various Chinese herbs are on show in glass boxes. Meanwhile, waiters serve porridge that can 3 (strength) the spleen (脾) and stomach, desserts that can relieve the summer heat, and tea that can improve immunity. It 4 (run) by a TCM clinic that the family of Wu has opened for about 100 years. Many 5 (lead) TCM companies are investing in the food sector, tapping into the potential of a market yet to be fully explored. An investigation 6 (launch) by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that happiness and 7 (well) ranked third in the consumption rankings of young people aged 18 to 35. On the one hand, young people in China joke about themselves being “crispy (酥脆的) skin youngsters”, making fun of their poor health. 8 fact, it’s more a complaint about stress and depression from overwork. On the other hand, young Chinese want to stay healthy 9 find it hard to abandon unhealthy habits such as staying up late and eating junk food. “Therefore, products that claim 10 (be) able to balance taste and health are favored,” experts said. 九、书面表达 （25-26高二上·吉林四平·期末）假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Peter对你平常的饮食习惯非常好奇，请你给他写一封邮件。内容包括： 1. 你的饮食习惯； 2. 健康饮食的重要性； 3. 询问他的饮食习惯。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle （复习讲义） 必记 单词 1.negative adj.消极的;有害的;否定的  2.discipline n.自制力;纪律;学科vt.自我控制;管教;处罚  3.pill n.药丸;药片  4.delete v.删去;删除  5.surgeon n.外科医生  6.surgery n.外科手术;外科学  7.shave vi., vt.& n.剃(须发);刮脸  8.beard n.胡须;络腮胡子  9.cigarette n.香烟;卷烟  10.specialist n.专科医生;专家  11.drug n.毒品;药物  12.skip v.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走;蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳n.蹦跳  13.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的  14.flu n.流感  15.dentist n.牙科医生  16.nut n.坚果  17.dynamic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的  必背 短语 1.in response to回答;答复  2.rely on依赖;依靠;信赖 3.rather than而不是  4.aside from除……外(还有) 5.straight away 立即;马上 6.decide on决定;选定 7.make up one's mind下定决心  8.be composed of由……组成(或构成)的 9.shave off剃掉;刮去  10.be in control of控制 11.stick to坚持 12.stay up熬夜  13.stressed out焦虑不安;心力交瘁 14.worn out筋疲力尽的;疲惫的 15.try out尝试 16.change...for the better使……好转;改善…… 17.take one's mind off sth.转移一下注意力;暂时将某事忘记  常用 结构 get＋过去分词 状语从句的省略 rather than 连接并列谓语 语法 动词不定式作主语 写作 本单元要求给写一封描述生活方式的信件，符合正式书信的写作范畴 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1 abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 [教材P14]For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems. 例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。 [例1]　What went on here was an abuse of power.这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。 [例2]　He turned round and directed a torrent of abuse at me. 他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。 【拓展】 abuse one's power 滥用某人的权力 alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒 scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂 child abuse 虐待儿童 social abuse 社会弊端 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He abused his(he) privileges in activities outside his official capacity. ②Janet had been abused(abuse) by her father since she was eleven. ③The evidence at hand suggests that he has abused his power． 现有的证据表明他有滥用职权的行为。 知识点2 in response to 回答；答复 [教材P14]Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二，“惯例”，即你根据提示所采取的常规行动。 [例1]　The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。 [例2]　His letter in response to her request contained a firm refusal. 对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。 【拓展】 (1)response n． 回答，回应；反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 (2)respond vi. 回答，回应 respond to...with/by... 用……回应…… 【经典练】 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①A few days later，she still made no response to my e­mail. ②She responded to the news by bursting into tears. ③ He held a big party to respond to the news．(respond) ＝He held a big party in response to the news．(response)他举办了一个大的派对来回应那个消息。 知识点3 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 [教材P14]Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三，“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的美好事物或感觉。 [例1]　The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her! 这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！ [例2]　She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。 【拓展】 as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.因为某事而给某人报酬 in reward of为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励 in reward＝in return作为回报/报答 reward sb.with sth.for doing sth.为某事而以某物报答某人 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①He was given a medal as a reward for his service. ②His effort was rewarded with remarkable success. ③The old man gave the little boy a doll as a reward for his help.In reward，the boy gave him a hug. ④ They gave a reward to him for saving the child.(reward n．) ＝They rewarded him for saving the child.(reward v．)他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。 知识点4　rely on依赖；依靠；信赖 [教材P15]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，并养成依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。 [例1]　We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。 [例2]　Don't rely on his ideas，be your own master.你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。 【拓展】 (1)rely on＋n./doing... 指望/依靠…… rely on sb./sth.doing/to do... 指望……做…… rely on it that... 指望…… (2)depend on/upon 依赖；依靠 (3)count on/upon 依赖；依靠 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Not having found a better way，we had to rely on him to be the interpreter. ②The success of this project relies on everyone making/to make(make) an effort. ③You can rely on it that it will rain tomorrow. ④ I don't know if I can rely on him，but I'm willing to take a gamble.我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。 知识点5 examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验 [教材P15]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。 [例1]　These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。 [例2]　The goods were examined for damage on arrival.货物到达时检查是否有破损。 【拓展】 (1)examine sb.in/on...测验某人…… examination n.审查；调查；考查；考察；(仔细的)检查，检验 (2)a physical examination体检 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The plans will be examined (examine) by EU environment ministers. ②A physical examination(examine) is a preliminary to joining the army. ③ The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of the term.期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。 [小片段填空] Last week，the teacher examined us in maths.After the examination，we all went to the hospital to have physical examinations．(examine) 知识点6 straight away 立即；马上 [教材P15]...and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up. ……如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。 [例1]　I told him straight away what I thought of the matter.我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。 [例2]　Let's start the meeting straight away!我们马上开会吧！ 【拓展】 (1)straight off/out 毫不犹豫；直率 straight up(询问或强调所说的话的真实性)真的，确实 (2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组 at once；right now；right away 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She asked him straight off what he thought about it all. ②So for me，I would straight up tell them. ③ I suggest you give her a call straight away．我建议你立即打电话给她。 知识点7　decide on 决定；选定 [教材P15]...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.……你必须思考你的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。 [例1]　After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。 [例2]　Have you decided on a date for the wedding?你们定好婚礼日期了吗？ 【拓展】 (1)decide to do/that＋从句... 决定做…… (2)make a decision 做出决定 come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Now that you decide to go(go)，you'd better go at once. ②They have chewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach a decision(decide) soon. ③I am already an adult，so I should decide on my own life．我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。 知识点8　make up one's mind下定决心 [教材P16]We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and make small changes over time.我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改变。 [例1]　Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。 [例2]　It is early days yet to make up our minds.我们要下决心现在还为时过早。 【拓展】 change one's mind改变主意 keep/bear/have...in mind记住；牢记在心头 keep/bear/have in mind that...记住；牢记在心头 speak one's mind直言不讳 read one's mind看出某人的心思 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①If you think it over，maybe you will change your(you) mind. ②You must keep/bear/have in mind that these exams will affect your final result. ③ We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.我们决心在天黑前完成工作。 [点津] 在短语make up one's mind中，mind的单复数要随其前one's的单复数而变化。 知识点9 compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写 [教材P16]Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment，and so on.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。 [例1]　Ten men compose the committee.委员会由十人组成。 [例2]　Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。 【拓展】 (1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of由……组成 (2)composer n.作曲家 (3)composition n.作品；作曲；作文 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The sea water is mainly composed of water and salt. ②Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer(compose) and pianist. ③The teacher singled out one composition(compose) for class discussion. ④Our class is composed of eighteen boys and twelve girls.我们班由18个男生和12个女生组成。 [小片段填空] The composer once created a famous film，which was composed of three parts.His composition helped him won a lot of prizes.(compose) 知识点10 stressed out疲惫不堪；焦虑不安 •stress n．压力 vt.强调 under stress在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调…… •stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的 【经典练】 (1)每次我有压力时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。 Every time I am under stress，I will turn to my parents for help without hesitation. (2)正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。 ①It has been stressed several times that learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(it作形式主语) ②As has been stressed several times，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(as引导非限制性定语从句) 知识点11 get＋过去分词 I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends. 通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。 •本句中的get refreshed是get done结构，表示被动或变化。 •常见的get done结构： get broken破了　　　　　get punished受到惩罚 get hurt受到伤害 　get admitted被录取 get married结婚 　get annoyed生气 get excited激动 　get separated被分开 注意：和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。 【经典练】 (1)If you happen to get lost(迷路) in the wild，you’d better stay where you are and wait for help. (2)He went out and got drunk(喝醉)． (3)得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。(应用文之祝贺信) ①Learning that you got admitted to Peking University，I am writing to congratulate you.(现在分词短语作状语) ②I am writing to congratulate you on your/you getting admitted to Peking University.(动名词的复合结构) 知识点12 状语从句的省略 [教材P4]These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。 [句式分析]　if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形式。 [例1]　If asked，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope.如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。 [例2]　If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event. 如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼前六到八个星期收到请帖。 【拓展】 when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。 状语从句省略的条件： (1)从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 (2)如果状语从句中出现了it is/was时，可以把it is/was一起省略。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Unless invited(invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. ②If told properly，stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。 ③While wandering around，she met this lovely woman.在闲逛时，她遇到了这位可爱的女士。 ④When necessary you can help us to do something.必要时，你能帮我们做些事。 知识点13 rather than 连接并列谓语 [教材P15]So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)...所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)…… [句式分析]　句中的rather than连接并列谓语listen to和eat。 [例1]　Much of the food pleases rather than excites.这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。 [例2]　He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。 【拓展】 (1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。 它构成的句型结构： prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… (2)rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。 (3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称与数上保持一致。 【经典练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You rather than I are(be) going to go camping. ②I prefer to play(play) basketball rather than go fishing. ③I prefer to get up early rather than go to school without breakfast．我宁愿早起而不是不吃早饭上学。 ④The children would walk there rather than take a bus．孩子们宁愿步行去那儿而不愿乘公共汽车。 ⑤Let's get it done as soon as possible，rather than drag it out．我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。 知识点14.If not，look for another “standout” sentence...(教材P14)如果不是，再找一个“突出”的句子，…… if not 属于if型省略结构，意为 “如果不是这样的话”。 同属if型省略结构的还有： if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible 如果有可能 if any 如果有的话 if ever 若曾经有过 if so 如果这样的话 if anything 如果有的话 ①Do you want that cake？If not，I’ll have it.你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。 ②I don’t suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if any. 我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。 ③You can come to Beijing for a holiday.If so，I’ll show you around the Summer Palace. 你可以来北京度假，如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。 【经典练】 补全句子 As for accommodation，you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel，which I can reserve for you in advance if necessary. 关于住宿，你可以选择住在我家里或者住在酒店，如果需要我可以提前为你预订。 知识点15 .Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn’t have any added sugar：fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc.(教材P20)每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，一些没有添加任何糖分的东西：水果、坚果、干肉等等。 句中whenever 引导让步状语从句。 (1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。 (2)Whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。 (3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 ①Whenever/No matter when she is in trouble，he is there for her. 每当她有困难的时候，他都会出现在她身边。 ②Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。 ③Whatever difficulties we may meet，we’ll finish the task on time. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都会按时完成任务。 【经典练】 补全句子 I feel really proud whenever I see patients of my father and grandfather leave their clinic with satisfaction and hope.每当我看到父亲和祖父的病人带着满意和希望离开诊所时，我都感到非常自豪。 知识点16 .So I thought about what to try.(教材P20)所以我想了想该尝试什么。 句中what to try是“疑问词＋不定式”结构。 (1)可用于“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构的疑问代词有who，whom，what，which；疑问副词有when，where，how。该结构相当于一个由疑问词引导的名词性从句，在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 (2)常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构的动词有know，see，decide，tell，ask，consider，explain，learn，wonder等。 【经典练】 ①Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how to read fast. 二十名学生想参加旨在教如何快速阅读的课程。 ②When to__decorate (decorate)the house hasn’t been decided.什么时候装修房子还没有决定。 ③We haven’t decided who to search for the missing painting.我们还没有决定由谁来寻找那幅丢失的画。 单元语法 动词不定式作主 1.To see is to believe. 2.To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 3.It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 4.It’s important for human beings to keep the balance of nature. 【自主发现】 1.动词不定式在句中可作主语。 2.可以用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 语法精讲 不定式是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语(有名词和代词的作用)，通常表示具体的、特定的行为。 1.不定式作主语的用法 (1)不定式位于句首 To study English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。 [名师提醒]　表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To make up for lost time is not possible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。 (2)多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。常用于下列句式中。 ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。 ②It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。 “It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says.老师说：“你把每件事都写下来，真是太蠢了。” [名师提醒] (1)该句式结构中for sb前常用表示事物的特征、特点的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。 It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 (2)of sb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right等。 It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 (3)疑问词＋不定式短语作主语可置于句首。 How to use the computer is a question.如何使用计算机是个问题。 2. 动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time.完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体) (3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 动名词作真正的主语的句型有：It’s no good (use，fun) doing/It’s a waste of time doing等。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我仅用了5分钟便完成了工作。 It is no good arguing with him.He never listens to others.和他争论没用，他从不听别人的。 单元写作 本单元要求给编辑写一封描述生活方式的信件，符合正式书信的写作范畴。 写作框架： 第一段 开头(beginning)——写信目的 第二段 主体(body)——详细介绍自己的生活方式 第三段 结尾(ending)——表达谢意 【积累·写作素材】 写作词汇： 1．be beneficial to对……有益 2．live a healthy life过着健康的生活 3．sort out整理；归类 4．take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 5．spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 6．contribute to有助于 写作句型： 【开头句】 1．I'm writing to you to tell you something about healthy lifestyle. 2．I want to share you something about my lifestyle. 3．I am willing to offer you some tips about living a healthy life. 【中间句】 1．Exercise is beneficial to our health and we'd better have us running for half an hour every day. 运动有益于我们的健康，我们最好每天跑步半小时。 2．What's more，we should combine study with pleasure. 更重要的是，我们应该把学习和快乐结合起来。 3. We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of low carbon life. 我们可以在日常生活中做很多事情来实现低碳生活的目标。 【结尾句】 1．I would appreciate it if you can accept my suggestion.如果你能接受我的建议我将不胜感激。 2．Try your best and you will live a healthier life. 尽力而为，你会过上更健康的生活。 3．It's something about my daily lifestyle，thanks for your reading.这是我日常生活的一部分，谢谢你的阅读。 例题 假定你是李华，根据下面提示用英语给报社编辑写一封信。内容如下： 1．许多青少年不注重健康问题的现象及导致的危害； 2．简述你的看法，提出你的建议。 Dear Editor， As we all know，health is very important. Only when we are healthy can we study well and enjoy life. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Editor， As we all know，health is very important. Only when we are healthy can we study well and enjoy life. However，many teenagers don't pay any attention to their health.And they spend too much time watching TV，playing games and chatting on the Internet all night，which is bad for their health. Firstly，this may make them get near­sighted.Secondly，their bodies become much weaker. Thirdly，they will lose the chance to communicate with others face to face. In my opinion，they should spend less time in front of the TV or the computer. Go out to get much exercise，play some sports and have a healthy lifestyle. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 一、单词拼写 1.The doctor 　　　　(检查) her after the accident but found nothing wrong.   2.Current policies 　　　　(促进) future decision-making.  3.The company 　　　　(支配) the market in the 1990s, but soon its highlight passed.   4.So free yourself from 　　　　(消极的) thoughts that keep you from doing well on the test.  5.They can be optimistic, p　　　　, or frightened, and respond to pain just like any mammal would.  6.The committee 　　　　(删除)the member's name from the list for his fault.  7.The next morning, my heart 　　　　(跳过) a beat when I didn't see Spotty.  8.It's not difficult to see that there's a strong link between political 　　　　(解放) and basketball.   9.Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few 　　　　(毒品) that show up regularly in our food supply.  10.He seemed ad　　　　 and energetic leader.  11.It is a lovely 　　　　(喜剧), well worth seeing.  12.Climbing so high made me feel 　　　　(头晕目眩的).  13.That's because the body transforms it into hormones that 　　　　(增强) sleep.   14.The event was a valuable experience, which 　　　　(激发) our passion in particular for promoting environmental protection.  15.He recommended that she do some research and talk to 　　　　(牙科医生) about what a healthier candy would contain.  【答案】1.examined　2.facilitate　3.dominated　4.negative　5.pessimistic 6.deleted　7.skipped　8.liberation　9.drugs10.dynamic　11.comedy　12.dizzy　13.enhance 14.stimulated　15.dentists 二、单句语法填空 1.At present, do you think it's really 　　　　　(rely) to pay by “scanning your face(刷脸)”?  2.I guarantee that if you work out regularly,you can keep 　　　　　(physical) healthy.  3.He will be rewarded 　　　　　 an English dictionary 　　　　　 the progress he has made in English.  4.She doesn't want to let her father know this thing, so she 　　　　　(repeated) urges her brother not to tell her father about it.  5.It's kind and nice of you 　　　　　(purchase) a new computer as my birthday gift.  6.I rely on 　　　　　 that I will become an influential writer in the not-too-distant future as long as I insist on writing.  7.Normally, 　　　　　 are fond of exploring various 　　　　　 problems.(psychology)  8.She is 　　　　　 by a 　　　　　 piece of news that the prices are rising sharply.(disturb)  9.Many people suffer from mental illness, so my deskmate wants to become a health 　　　　　(consult) in the future.  10.There are many 　　　　　(facilitate) in the amusement park and children are all happy in the park.  11.After attending the lecture, the children all made up their minds 　　　　　(learn) from this hero.  12.The special work teams 　　　　　(compose) of medical 　　　　　(special) and social workers, and they have already made some new breakthroughs.  13.It will undoubtedly help you get 　　　　　(refresh)!  14.You'd better avoid drinking too much 　　　　　(sugar) drink because it is bad for your health.  15.The average 　　　　　(month) salary in 38 major cities of China hit 8,829 yuan in the winter season of 2019.  16.There is no doubt that a　　　　　 exam or competition always makes a man 　　　　　 physically and mentally.(stress)  【答案】1.reliable　考查形容词。句意:目前,你认为“刷脸”付款真的可靠吗?根据设空处前面的it's 和后面的动词不定式to pay可知这里构成“it's+adj.+to do sth.”结构,it's reliable to do sth.表示“做某事是可靠的”。故填reliable。 2.physically　考查副词。句意:我保证,如果你定期锻炼,你就能保持身体健康。设空处修饰形容词healthy,应用副词。故填physically。 3.with;for　考查介词。句意:他将因在英语上取得的进步而被奖励一本英语词典。sb. be rewarded with sth. for sth.意为“某人因某事而被奖励某物”,故第一空填with,第二空填for。 4.repeatedly　考查副词。句意:她不想让她父亲知道这件事,所以她一再力劝她哥哥不要给她爸爸讲这件事。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填repeatedly。 5.to purchase　考查动词不定式。句意:你真好,买了一台新电脑作为我的生日礼物。固定句式“It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”中的It作形式主语,to do sth.作真正的主语。故填to purchase。 6.it　考查代词。句意:我相信只要我坚持写作,在不太远的将来,我会成为一个有影响力的作家。rely on/upon it that...意为“相信……”,it作形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语。故填it。 7.psychologists;psychological　考查名词复数和形容词。句意:通常,心理学家喜欢探索各种各样的心理问题。分析句子可知,第一空在句中作主语,根据语境可知,此处表示“心理学家”,其前无限定词,应用名词复数,故填psychologists;第二空作定语,修饰其后的名词problems,应用形容词,故填psychological。 8.disturbed;disturbing　考查形容词。句意:她被一则令人不安的消息弄得心烦意乱,那就是物价正在急剧上涨。分析句子可知,第一空作表语,主语为She,应用形容词disturbed,意为“(人)心烦意乱的”;第二空作定语,修饰其后的名词短语piece of news,应用形容词disturbing,意为“(事)令人不安的”。 9.consultant　考查名词。句意:很多人患有精神疾病,所以我的同桌将来想成为一名健康顾问。设空处作become的表语,且由设空处前面的不定冠词a可知设空处应用名词单数;根据语境可知,此处表示“顾问”。故填consultant。 10.facilities　考查名词复数。句意:游乐园里有很多设施,孩子们都在游乐园里玩得很开心。分析句子可知,设空处在there be句型中作主语,由设空处前面的many并结合句意可知,设空处应用名词facility“设施”的复数形式。故填facilities。 11.to learn　考查动词不定式。句意:听了讲座后,孩子们都下定决心要向这位英雄学习。make up one's mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”。故填to learn。 12.are composed;specialists　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致及名词复数。句意:这些特殊的工作队伍由医学专家和社会工作者组成,并且他们已经取得了一些新的突破。分析句子可知,句中的第二个and连接两个并列分句;第一空在前一分句中作谓语,此处陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时;be composed of...表示“由……组成”,应用被动语态;再结合teams可知第一空填are composed。第二空和workers是由第一个and连接的并列成分,故第二空填specialists。 13.refreshed　考查过去分词。句意:毫无疑问,它会帮助你恢复精力!get refreshed意为“变得精力充沛”。故填refreshed。 14.sugary　考查形容词。句意:你最好避免喝太多的含糖饮料,因为它对你的健康有害。设空处修饰名词drink,应用形容词。故填sugary。 15.monthly　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词salary,应用形容词。故填monthly。 16.stressful;stressed　考查形容词。句意:毫无疑问,一场压力大的考试或比赛总是让人心力交瘁。第一空修饰其后的exam or competition,应用形容词stressful,表示“(事)压力大的”;第二空是对宾语a man的补充说明,应用形容词stressed,表示“(人)焦虑不安的”。 三、选词填空 rely on;straight away;decide on;in response to;aside from When Tom got admitted into his ideal university, he had difficulty 1.　　　　　　 which club to participate in. In order to solve this problem, he turned on the computer 2.　　　　　　 and 3.　　　　　　 the Internet for some valuable suggestions. 4.　　　　　　 this, he turned to his teachers and friends for help. He finally decided to join the English club, but his parents hoped he could choose the science club. 5.　　　　　　 their disagreement, he wrote a letter expecting to get their understanding. Afterwards, his parents called him and told him they would respect his choice.  【答案】1.deciding on　2.straight away　3.relied on　4.Aside from　5.In response to 四.完成句子 1.如果有必要的话,你可以带一份合适的礼品以示尊重。 　　　　 　　　　, you can bring an appropriate gift to show respect.   2.你永远可以相信他会为我们提供舒适的生活。(rely) You can always 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 us with a comfortable life.  3.所有参与这个实验的学生都会获得去长城旅游的机会。(involved) All the students 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 will have the chance to travel to the Great Wall.   4.众所周知,父母的决心和毅力会给孩子巨大的勇气。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, parents' determination and perseverance will give children great courage. 6.每当我回到家乡,我都会在教堂里和孩子们一起做志愿者。(whenever) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I volunteer with children at the church.  7.当我们全神贯注于当前的工作时,我们通常不受外界干扰。 When we　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the present task, we are usually free from the 　　　　 　　　　.  8.当期末考试临近时,有些学生变得焦虑不安和紧张。 Some students 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and 　　　　 when the final exam is around the corner. 9.随着夜幕开始降临,简是如此疲惫,以至于她不得不停下来休息。(as) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　was beginning to fall, Jane was 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 she had to stop for a rest.  10.这周末的艺术节值得观看,因为它由很多有趣、搞笑的节目构成。(一句多译) ①The art festival this weekend is worthy of being seen because it 　　　　 　　　　 many interesting and amusing programs.  ②The art festival this weekend is worthy of being seen because it 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 many interesting and amusing programs.  ③The art festival this weekend is worthy of being seen because it 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 many interesting and amusing programs.  【答案】1.If necessary　2.rely on him to provide　3.involved in the experiment　4.As is known to all/us 6.Whenever I go back home　7.are absorbed in;outside disturbance　8.get stressed out;nervous　9.As the night;so worn out that　10.①consists of　②is composed of　③is made up of 五、阅读理解 （2026·广西贵港·一模）Ever wondered what’s happening inside your brain when you get stuck scrolling through (翻动) social media feeds? You may be aware of the thoughts and feelings that are popping up, but what about the way your brain is actually changing shape as you scroll down that screen? Professor Susannah Tye, research group leader at the Queensland Brain Institute, said using social media deeply affects the chemistry of the brain, strengthening addictive behavior and hampering the development of key skills like critical thinking and sustained focus. The development of these abilities is closely associated with the maturity of the brain’s key areas. In actual fact, our brains don’t finish developing until we are well into our 20s. The prefrontal cortex, which is the part of our brain responsible for things such as reasoning, urge control and long-term planning, doesn’t finish maturing until at least the age of 25 — maybe even later for some people. Tye said that when someone went on social media and started scrolling, they got a dopamine (多巴胺) hit straightaway. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神经递质) released by the brain. It’s key in the way we establish consistent behavioral patterns and is central to the brain’s reward system. When our brain releases dopamine during moments of pleasure — it’s the brain’s way of saying, “You should do this again and again.” “The way our brains are wired is whenever something jumps out at you, the neurotransmitter dopamine will be released, and that signals to your brain that this is important, and it helps you pay attention and respond to it,” Tye said. Meanwhile, she stressed that although we associate dopamine with pleasure, the more accurate way of looking at it was as a neurotransmitter that marks significance. “What most people don’t understand is that stress or negative events also stimulate dopamine in just the same way,” she said. “It’s actually released when something is important, irrespective of being good or bad.” 1．What does the underlined word “hampering” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Protecting. B．Assessing. C．Blocking. D．Witnessing. 2．What might the author suggest doing? A．Practicing critical thinking. B．Speeding up our brain maturity. C．Training our prefrontal cortex. D．Avoiding early social media exposure. 3．In which aspect does dopamine play an important role for us? A．Developing our habits. B．Judging the nature of something. C．Responding to external interruption. D．Quitting our social media addiction. 4．What misunderstanding did Tye point out concerning dopamine? A．It is only a pleasure chemical. B．It marks significant events. C．It is merely a release of pressure. D．It aids attention and response. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍刷社交媒体对大脑化学物质和关键能力发展的负面影响及多巴胺的作用机制。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“using social media deeply affects the chemistry of the brain, strengthening addictive behavior and hampering the development of key skills like critical thinking and sustained focus (刷社交媒体会深刻影响大脑的化学变化，强化成瘾行为，并且____批判性思维和持续专注力等关键技能的发展)”可知，“and”连接两个并列的结果，前半部分是负面作用（强化成瘾），因此“hampering”也应表达负面含义。结合选项，“Blocking”（阻碍）符合语境。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容，刷社交媒体会强化成瘾行为、阻碍关键技能发展；再结合第三段“our brains don’t finish developing until we are well into our 20s (我们的大脑要到20多岁才能完全发育成熟)”可知，大脑未发育成熟时接触社交媒体的危害更大。由此可推断，作者可能会建议避免过早接触社交媒体。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It’s key in the way we establish consistent behavioral patterns and is central to the brain’s reward system (它在我们建立稳定行为模式的过程中起到关键作用，也是大脑奖励系统的核心)”可知，多巴胺的重要作用是帮助人们养成固定的行为习惯。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“although we associate dopamine with pleasure, the more accurate way of looking at it was as a neurotransmitter that marks significance. What most people don’t understand is that stress or negative events also stimulate dopamine in just the same way (尽管我们把多巴胺和愉悦感联系在一起，但更准确的说法是它是一种标记重要性的神经递质。大多数人不知道的是，压力或负面事件也会以同样的方式刺激多巴胺分泌)”可知，人们对多巴胺的误解是认为它只和愉悦感有关。故选A项。 六、七选五 （2026·四川·一模）On a clear day, when you go outside, the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light helps your body make endorphins (内啡肽). 1 . UV rays also help your skin produce vitamin D．Besides, if you look at the morning sun, your body will know it’s daytime and adjust your sleep schedule properly. These benefits might make some people not want to use sunscreen. 2 . Dr. Steven Q. Wang, who works at Hoagie Memorial Hospital Presbyterian in Newport Beach, California, said, “This is one of the biggest problems in people’s minds: they think they shouldn’t use sunscreen because they’ re afraid of not getting enough vitamin D．” 3 . The sun’s UV rays harm the DNA in your skin cells, and this harm builds up over time. Every time your DNA tries to fix itself, there’s a chance it changes in a bad way and leads to cancer. Dr. Elisabeth Richard, a dermatology lecturer at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, said if you’re worried about not getting enough endorphins from the sun, exercising more can help. 4 . What’s more, even if you use sunscreen every day, most people still get enough UV light to make all the vitamin D they need. 5 . Dr. Sarnoff, who also leads the Skin Cancer Foundation, said, “Even if you use sunscreen as well as possible — putting on a thick layer and reapplying it every two hours — some UV light still gets through. And the risk of skin cancer is much more real than the risk of not having enough vitamin D．” A．These chemicals can lower your stress and make you feel happier B．But sunscreen is our most effective tool to fight skin cancer, which can kill people C．Many people like to stay indoors during hot summer days to avoid strong sunlight D．That’s because most people don’t apply enough sunscreen to cover their skin completely each time E．Exercising outdoors without sunscreen is a good way to get both endorphins and vitamin D F．In fact, skin doctors often hear their patients worry about losing these good effects G．Also, outdoor activities like walking alone or gardening can cheer you up, even with lots of sunscreen 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍阳光中的紫外线能让人体产生内啡肽、维生素D并调节睡眠规律，但人们不应因此拒绝使用防晒霜，同时说明防晒霜是预防皮肤癌的有效工具，还解答了人们对使用防晒霜会缺失相关益处的顾虑。 1．根据上文“On a clear day, when you go outside, the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light helps your body make endorphins (内啡肽). (在晴朗的日子里，当你出门时，太阳的紫外线会帮助你的身体产生内啡肽。)”可知，前文提及紫外线促使人体产生内啡肽，空处需要进一步说明内啡肽的作用。A选项(这些化学物质可以减轻你的压力，让你感到更快乐)承接上文的内啡肽，其中“These chemicals”指代前文的endorphins，具体阐释内啡肽的益处，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据上文“These benefits might make some people not want to use sunscreen.(这些益处可能会让一些人不想使用防晒霜。)”可知，前文说明人们因阳光的益处而抗拒防晒霜，结合下文医生提到人们担心用防晒霜会缺维生素D的想法可知，空处需要衔接这一内容，说明人们的顾虑。F选项(事实上，皮肤科医生经常听到他们的病人担心失去这些良好的效果)承接上文的阳光益处，引出下文病人的具体顾虑，其中“these good effects”指代上文紫外线带来的各项益处，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据下文“The sun’s UV rays harm the DNA in your skin cells, and this harm builds up over time. Every time your DNA tries to fix itself, there’s a chance it changes in a bad way and leads to cancer.(太阳的紫外线会损害皮肤细胞中的DNA，这种损害会随着时间的推移而累积。每次你的DNA试图自我修复时，都有可能发生不良变化并引发癌症。)”可知，此段介绍紫外线的危害及致癌风险，空处需要作为段首句引出核心观点，说明防晒霜的重要性。B选项(但防晒霜是我们对抗致命皮肤癌最有效的工具)承接上文人们对防晒霜的抗拒，用转折引出防晒霜的关键作用，同时引出下文紫外线致癌的内容，符合语境。故选B项。 4．根据上文“Dr. Elisabeth Richard, a dermatology lecturer at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, said if you’re worried about not getting enough endorphins from the sun, exercising more can help.(约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的皮肤科讲师伊丽莎白·理查德博士说，如果你担心从阳光中获取的内啡肽不足，多锻炼会有帮助。)”可知，前文说明多锻炼可补充内啡肽，解决人们的顾虑，空处需要进一步补充，说明涂防晒霜也能通过户外活动获得愉悦感。G选项(此外，即使涂了大量防晒霜，像独自散步或园艺这样的户外活动也能让你心情愉悦)承接上文的锻炼建议，同时呼应使用防晒霜的主题，消除人们“涂防晒霜就失去户外活动益处”的顾虑，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据上文“What’s more, even if you use sunscreen every day, most people still get enough UV light to make all the vitamin D they need.(此外，即使你每天都涂防晒霜，大多数人仍然能获得足够的紫外线来合成身体所需的全部维生素D。)”可知，前文说明涂防晒霜也能获取足够紫外线合成维生素D，空处需要解释出现这一情况的原因。D选项(这是因为大多数人每次涂抹的防晒霜都不足以完全覆盖皮肤)承接上文的结论，具体解释为何涂防晒霜仍能接触到足够紫外线，符合语境。故选D项。 七、完形填空 　Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 　1　 seven years ago after having a 　2　 call. She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues,which 　3　 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 　4　. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 　5　 lifestyle, before discovering a 　6　 for weightlifting.  　　Since setting out on the journey, the 　7　 lover has not only managed to 　8　 an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media.  　　The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there's no 　9　 others can't look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects.  　　“Hold on: Consider failure as a 　10　 to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “　11　 others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 　12　.” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 　13　 is to feel good, not look good.”  　　Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 　14　 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 　15　 for many social media users.  1.A.write　　　 B.travel C.exercise　　　 D.recover 2.A.goodwill　　　 B.timeout C.long-distance　　　 D.wake-up 3.A.normally　　　 B.ultimately C.suddenly　　　 D.automatically 4.A.change　　　 B.fortune C.wish　　　 D.deal 5.A.risky　　　 B.traditional C.comfortable　　　 D.healthy 6.A.demand　　　 B.secret C.passion　　　 D.cure 7.A.peace　　　 B.fitness　　　 C.fun　　　 D.nature 8.A.grow　　　 B.control C.activate　　　 D.relax 9.A.need　　　 B.choice C.reason　　　 D.difference 10.A.green light　　　 B.road block C.passing mark　　　 D.stepping stone 11.A.Help　　　 B.Consult C.Follow　　　 D.Forgive 12.A.accepted　　　 B.shared C.expected　　　 D.celebrated 13.A.goal　　　 B.case C.duty　　　 D.cost 14.A.instructors　　　 B.admirers C.beginners　　　 D.doubters 15.A.authority　　　 B.excuse C.inspiration　　　 D.option 语篇解读　本文主要讲述了一位老奶奶锻炼身体并帮助他人,从而成为众多社交媒体用户的榜样和鼓舞力量的故事。 1.C　根据下文的“Ms Donohue began to work out”可知,她七年前才开始锻炼(exercise)。故选C。 2.D　根据下文的“She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues,which...led her to getting surgery.”可知,她一直饱受饮食失调和健康问题的困扰,这促使她接受了手术治疗。由此可推知,她在身体敲响警钟之后开始锻炼。wake-up(唤醒,醒来)符合语境。故选D。goodwill 善意;timeout 超时;long-distance长途的。 3.B　根据上文的“She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可知,她一直饱受饮食失调和健康问题的困扰。由此可知,这最终(ultimately)导致她做了手术。故选B。normally 正常地;automatically自动地。 4.A　根据空后的Determined to turn her life around可知,她决心改变自己的人生,此处表示她知道她需要做出改变(change)。故选A。 5.D　根据上文的“She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可知,她一直饱受饮食失调和健康问题的困扰。由此可知,她开始锻炼身体,并养成健康的(healthy)生活习惯。故选D。risky 有风险的;traditional 传统的;comfortable舒服的。 6.C　根据上文的“Ms Donohue began to work out”以及下文的for weightlifting可知,Donohue女士开始锻炼后才发现对举重的热爱(passion)。故选C。 7.B　根据下文的an impressive set of muscles可知,一组令人印象深刻的肌肉表明此处指健身(fitness)爱好者。故选B。 8.A　根据下文的an impressive set of muscles可知,健身爱好者锻炼出令人印象深刻的肌肉。grow意为“使增长”,符合语境。故选A。control控制;activate激活;relax放松。 9.C　根据上文的“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content”可知,这位深受喜爱的奶奶会定期发布锻炼的相关内容。结合下文可知,此处指没有理由(reason)其他人不能拥有如此出众的外表。故选C。 10.D　根据空前的“Consider failure as a”以及空后的“to success and never give up”可知,把失败看作通向成功的垫脚石(stepping stone)。故选D。green light 绿灯;road block 路障;passing mark及格分数。 11.A　根据下文的“Lift others up on your journey.”可知,在你的旅途中帮助他人一同前行。由此可知,此处指帮助(Help)他人。故选A。consult咨询;follow跟随;forgive原谅。 12.B　根据上文的“Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter...”可知,在你的旅途中帮助他人会让你的旅程更加美好。与他人分享(shared)时成功会更甜。故选B。accept接受;expect期待;celebrate庆祝。 13.A　根据空后的“to feel good, not look good”可知,目标(goal)是感觉良好,而不是好看。故选A。 14.D　根据上文的“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out”可知,Donohue 女士过去常因年纪太大而被认为不适合锻炼。由此可知,她以最完美的方式证明了那些质疑者(doubters)是错的。故选D。instructor 教练;admirer爱慕者;beginner初学者。 15.C　根据上文的“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the...wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an...”可知,Donohue女士过去常因年纪太大而被认为不适合锻炼,但她以最完美的方式证明了那些质疑者是错的。由此推断出,她确实已经成为众多社交媒体用户的榜样和鼓舞力量(inspiration)。故选C。authority权威人士;excuse借口;option选择。 八、语法填空 A （25-26高三上·云南普洱·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 (From National Public Radio) It’s already been proven that spending some time outdoors and around nature can do wonders for one’s overall mental health. Of course, office work makes 1 very difficult for the average employee to get his or her fill of green views. So, a research team wanted to study just how 2 (benefit) indoor plants can be for employees who are depressed all day. The team conducted their experiment in a real-life office setting and with actual 3 (worker). And they observed workers’ psychological and physiological stress levels before and after a small plant   4 (place) on each one of their desks. In all, 63 Japanese office employees 5 (take) part in the research, and they were all instructed to take a short three-minute break whenever they started to feel 6 (particular) tired. The experiment consisted 7 two parts: a control phase in which the employees worked normally without any plants in the office, and an experimental phase in which each employee was given a plant for their desk and told 8 (keep) its health. Researchers then used a standard test to measure employees’ psychological stress levels. The result displayed significantly lower pulse rates after 9 (have) a three-minute break and interacting with their desk plant, showing a noticeable drop in stress levels. These findings held true across all age groups 10 it didn’t matter which type of plants the employees had on their desks. 【答案】1．it 2．beneficial 3．workers 4．was placed 5．took 6．particularly 7．of 8．to keep 9．having 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对实验的描述，表明办公室摆放绿植能显著降低员工的压力和心率水平，有利于心理健康。 1．考查代词。句意：当然，办公室工作使得普通员工很难有机会饱览绿色景色。空处应用形式宾语，代替真正的宾语to get his or her fill of green views，故应用代词it。故填it。 2．考查形容词。句意：所以，一个研究团队想要探究室内植物究竟对那些整天情绪低落的员工来说，能起到多大的益处。空处应用形容词，作表语；beneficial为形容词，表示“有益的”，符合句意。故填beneficial。 3．考查名词复数。句意：该团队在真实的办公环境中，以实际的员工为对象进行了实验。空处应用名词，作宾语；worker为可数名词，表示“工人、员工”，这里表示泛指，应用复数。故填workers。 4．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他们对这些员工在放置小型植物之前和之后的心理及生理压力水平进行了观察。place为动词，表示“放置”，在以连词after引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，根据主句谓语observed和句意可知，从句为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，place与主语a small plant之间应为被动关系，表示“小型植物被放置”，且谓语为单数。故填was placed。 5．考查动词时态。句意：总之，共有 63 名日本办公室职员参与了这项研究。take为动词，动词短语take part in表示“参加”，在句中作谓语，与主语63 Japanese office employees之间为主动关系；根据下句中的谓语were all instructed和句意可知，该句为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填took。 6．考查副词。句意：并且他们都被要求，在一旦感到特别疲惫的时候，就停下来休息三分钟。空处应用副词，修饰形容词tired，作状语；particularly为副词，表示“特别地、尤其”。故填particularly。 7．考查介词。句意：该实验包含两个部分：控制阶段，员工在办公室无任何植物的环境下正常工作；实验阶段，则为每位员工提供一株桌面植物，并叮嘱其悉心照料。动词短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故填of。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：该实验包含两个部分：控制阶段，员工在办公室无任何植物的环境下正常工作；实验阶段，则为每位员工提供一株桌面植物，并叮嘱其悉心照料。句中was given和 (was) told为并列谓语动词，动词短语tell sb to do表示“告诉某人去做某事”，故be told to do表示“被告知去做某事”，故空处应用动词keep的不定式形式，表示“被告知保持其健康”。故填to keep。 9．考查动名词。句意：结果显示，在休息三分钟后并与办公桌上摆放的植物进行互动后，人们的脉搏率显著降低，同时压力水平也明显下降。have为动词，have a break表示“休息一下”，在介词after后应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填having。 10．考查并列连词。句意：这些研究结果在所有年龄段人群中均适用，并且与员工办公桌上摆放的是何种类型的植物无关。空处应用连词，连接两个并列的句子，表示并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 B （25-26高二上·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With a rising awareness of health and well-being, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) cuisine is gaining popularity among consumers in China. TCM drinks, bread, ice cream, hot pot — there has been 1 trend in the catering industry of adding Chinese medicinal ingredients into various food and beverages. They have become unique, 2 (especial) among youngsters. At the Peerless Tea Delights shop in Xining, Northwest China’s Qinghai Province, various Chinese herbs are on show in glass boxes. Meanwhile, waiters serve porridge that can 3 (strength) the spleen (脾) and stomach, desserts that can relieve the summer heat, and tea that can improve immunity. It 4 (run) by a TCM clinic that the family of Wu has opened for about 100 years. Many 5 (lead) TCM companies are investing in the food sector, tapping into the potential of a market yet to be fully explored. An investigation 6 (launch) by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that happiness and 7 (well) ranked third in the consumption rankings of young people aged 18 to 35. On the one hand, young people in China joke about themselves being “crispy (酥脆的) skin youngsters”, making fun of their poor health. 8 fact, it’s more a complaint about stress and depression from overwork. On the other hand, young Chinese want to stay healthy 9 find it hard to abandon unhealthy habits such as staying up late and eating junk food. “Therefore, products that claim 10 (be) able to balance taste and health are favored,” experts said. 【答案】1．a 2．especially 3．strengthen 4．is run 5．leading 6．launched 7．wellness 8．In 9．but/yet 10．to be 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着人们健康意识的提升，加入中医药成分的“药膳”在中国餐饮行业流行起来，受到年轻人的欢迎，并分析了背后的市场原因与社会背景。 1．考查冠词。句意：在餐饮行业中，将中药材加入各类食品和饮品已经成为一种趋势。“trend”是可数名词，此处表泛指“一种趋势”，且trend以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查副词。句意：它们变得很独特，尤其是在年轻人当中。此处需用副词作状语，修饰介词短语“among youngsters”，especial的副词形式为especially。故填especially。 3．考查动词。句意：同时，服务员端上可以健脾养胃的粥、清热解暑的甜品和增强免疫力的茶。情态动词“can”后需接动词原形，strength的动词形式为strengthen，表示“增强、强健”。故填strengthen。 4．考查谓语动词。句意：这家店由吴氏家族经营了约百年的中医诊所运营。句子主语“It”与“run”是被动关系，且描述客观事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态is run。故填is run。 5．考查形容词。句意：许多领先的中医药企业正在投资食品领域，挖掘这个尚未被充分开发的市场潜力。此处需用形容词修饰名词“TCM companies”，lead的形容词形式为leading，表示“领先的、主要的”。故填leading。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：国家统计局开展的一项调查显示，在18至35岁年轻人的消费排名中，幸福感与健康状况位列第三。 句子已有谓语动词showed，此处需用非谓语形式；“investigation”与“launch”是被动关系，需用过去分词launched作后置定语。故填launched。 7．考查名词。句意：国家统计局开展的一项调查显示，在18至35岁年轻人的消费排名中，幸福感与健康状况位列第三。此处与“happiness”并列，需用名词形式，well的名词形式为wellness，表示“健康、福祉”。故填wellness。 8．考查固定短语。句意：事实上，这更多是对过度工作带来的压力与抑郁的抱怨。 in fact是固定短语，表示“事实上，实际上”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填In。 9．考查连词。句意：另一方面，中国年轻人想要保持健康，但又难以改掉熬夜、吃垃圾食品等不健康的习惯。前后分句是转折关系，需用连词but/yet连接。故填but/yet。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家表示：“因此，宣称能够平衡口味与健康的产品备受青睐。”claim to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“宣称做某事”，需用动词不定式形式to be作宾语。故填to be。 九、书面表达 （25-26高二上·吉林四平·期末）假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Peter对你平常的饮食习惯非常好奇，请你给他写一封邮件。内容包括： 1. 你的饮食习惯； 2. 健康饮食的重要性； 3. 询问他的饮食习惯。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Peter, I’m glad you’re interested in my eating habits! I usually have porridge and a boiled egg for breakfast, which gives me energy. For lunch and dinner, I eat rice or noodles with lots of vegetables and some meat or fish. I rarely have snacks or sugary drinks. Healthy eating is really important. It keeps me energetic in class and helps me stay fit. Without good food, I might feel tired easily and get sick. What about you? Do you have a typical daily meal in New Zealand? Do you like any healthy local foods? Looking forward to your early reply! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给新西兰笔友Peter写一封邮件，介绍你的饮食习惯、健康饮食的重要性以及询问他的饮食习惯。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：glad → delighted 很少：rarely → hardly 重要的：important → essential 疲惫：tired → exhausted 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Healthy eating is really important. It keeps me energetic in class and helps me stay fit. 拓展句：Healthy eating is really important because it keeps me energetic in class and helps me stay fit. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I usually have porridge and a boiled egg for breakfast, which gives me energy.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I’m glad you’re interested in my eating habits!（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $