Unit 2 Out of This World（复习讲义）英语译林版选择性必修第三册

Unit 2 Out of This World（复习讲义） 必记 单词 1.astronaut n.宇航员,航天员  2.float vi.飘动,漂流;浮 vt.使浮动,使漂流  3.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦,困难  4.mission n.任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务  5.creature n.动物,生物;人  6.circumstance n.条件,状况;(pl.)境况,(尤指)经济状况  7.furthermore adv.此外,再者  8.pill n.药丸,药片  9.vital adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的  10.discipline vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练 n.训练;纪律;行为准则;自制力  11.leisure n.闲暇,空闲  12.crew n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队  13.altogether adv.完全;总共;总之  14.comprise vt.包括,包含;组成,构成  15.scan vt.& vi.扫描;细看;浏览 n.扫描检查;快速查阅  16.tale n.故事;讲述,叙述  17.motive n.原因,动机,目的  18.shelter n.居所,住处;庇护 vt.保护,掩蔽 vi.躲避  必背 短语 1．使进一步了解…… cast new light on 2．在这种情况下；既然如此in the circumstances 3．鉴于，考虑到in view of 4．显而易见的 plain to see 5．为……打下基础 lay the foundation for 6．make achievements取得成就 7．come to an end结束 8．at a time每次 9．in the right direction朝着正确的方向 10．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于 11．在……的帮助下with the help of 12．看起来像look like 13．为了in order to 14．由……组成be made up of 15．陷入；困入be caught in 16．as well也 17．protect...from/against...保护……免遭…… 18．take advantage of利用 19．all over the world全世界 20．be bathed in沐浴在；笼罩在 常用 结构 there is no such...(as...) it 作形式主语 That/This/It is why...那/这就是为什么…… 语法 主语从句 写作 太空旅行 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 (教材P16)Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。 [例]　The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。 [知识拓展] (1)in/during sb's absence＝ in/during the absence of sb.在某人不在期间 in the absence of ... 缺乏……；不存在…… absence from 缺席，离开，不在某处 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的；心不在焉的 be absent from 缺席；不在 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's the manager's job to organize covers for staff who are (absence)． ② (他驾驶的时候走神) nearly caused an accident. 知识点2：Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. vital adj.必不可少的；对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 be vital to/for...对……极为重要的 It is vital to do...做……很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.……是十分重要的 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①As far as we all are concerned，consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us. ②As for the work，it is vital to cast new light on its details immediately. ③If we are to make a difference in life，it’s vital that we (should) begin with small things. 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①What’s more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians(行人) do not think it vital (obey) traffic rules. ②As we all know，water is vital keeping every creature alive，without which the world would be a dead place. ③重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。 → we should learn something from failure.(主语从句) → we should learn something from failure.(it作形式主语) 知识点3：bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难 (教材P16)...but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 [例]　I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。 [知识拓展] bother sb.with sth.　 　　 因某事让某人担心/烦心 not bother to do/doing sth. 不用费心去做某事 It bothers sb.that... 让某人担心/苦恼的是…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I don't know why he bothers me this kind of rubbish. ②Years before，I even did (甚至不愿去申请) Employment Insurance Benefit when I was unemployed. ③ (使我很苦恼) they haven't replied to our letters. 知识点4：occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 (教材P16)The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。 [例]　The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.床似乎占去了大半个屋子。 [知识拓展] (1)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 occupy sb.oneself (in doing sth./with sb./sth.) 忙于……；专心于…… be deeply occupied in thinking 陷入深思 be fully occupied 忙得不可开交 (2)occupation n. 占领；侵占；职业 单句语法填空 ①Haas occupied himself in (write) his research paper. ②She occupied herself a translation of a French novel. ③Please state your name，age and (occupy) below. 知识点5：circumstance n．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况 (教材P17)In the circumstances，it's time for a spacewalk.在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 [例]　The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。 [知识拓展] in the circumstances＝under the circumstances在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances＝in no case 绝不(置于句首句子用部分倒装) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Under no (circumstance) can we agree to such a principle. ② (在这种情况下)，the information about competition plays an important role in sports. 知识点6：We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space. desire v．渴望；期望 n．渴望；欲望；渴求 (1)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth.渴望…… (2)have a strong desire 注意：desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①We always desire to live in harmony with our neighbors. ②We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped in the valley. ③I had a strong desire to reach out and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully by the shop window. 我有一种强烈的渴望去拿那个玩具玩但幸亏被商店的橱窗阻挡了。 [单句语法填空/一句多译] ①I desire him (give)me some suggestions on improving my listening. ②It’s our desire you should fund our program and offer us some practical suggestions. ③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 →Everyone while success only belongs to the hard­working people.(desire n．) →Everyone while success only belongs to the hard­working people.(desire v．) 知识点7：exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 (教材P17)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.首先，我们穿上宇航服，它使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。 [例]　Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful to the hearing. 持续暴露在强度高于80分贝的噪声中可能对听觉有害。 [知识拓展] (1)expose v．　　　 暴露，使曝光 be exposed to 使暴露在…… expose sb./sth.to... 使……暴露在…… expose sth. 揭露某事 (2)overexpose v. 使(胶片等)曝光过度； 对……报道过频 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin the sun. ②He (透露了这个计划)to the newspapers. ③The photograph is too light：it must (曝光过度)． 知识点8：Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist make sense of理解；弄懂 make no sense没道理；没意义 make sense讲得通；有意义 in a sense从某种意义上来说 in no sense决不；绝非位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①The old astronaut scanned the poem，but could not make sense of it. ②This sentence the pupil has made doesn’t make sense. ＝This sentence the pupil has made makes no sense. ③In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. [完成句子] ①Can you what the foreigner said just now? 你能理解这位外国人刚才说的话吗？ ② ，what touched me most was that he laid the foundation for my fluent spoken English. 从某种意义上来说，最打动我的是他为我的流利口语奠定了基础。 知识点9：in view of 鉴于，考虑到 (教材P17)In view of the low­gravity environment，eating is also different in space.鉴于失重状态的环境，饮食在空间站上也有所不同。 [例]　In view of the present situation，we'll have to revise our original plan.基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。 [知识拓展] (1)in one's view　　　 在某人看来 on view 陈列中；展览中 (2)in view 在视线中；在视野中 out of view 不在视野中 come into view 映入眼帘 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The pieces view are not grouped around any one theme. ②She waved (直到火车从视野中消失)． ③ (在我看来) public participation is one of the few options. 知识点10：vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 (教材P17)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 [例]　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 [知识拓展] be vital to/for...　　 对……是至关重要的 It is vital to do... 做……很重要 It is/was vital that... ……是十分重要的 [从句中要用虚拟 语气“(should)＋do”] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His function is vital the accomplishment of the agency's mission. ②It is vital that (我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林)． 知识点11：with复合结构 (教材P16)With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。 句式分析：本句中的with so much going on是“with＋n.＋现在分词”结构，在句中作原因状语。 [例1]　He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.全班同学看着他，他感到更不自在了。 [例2]　I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。 [知识拓展] with复合结构中除了可以跟介词短语外，还有以下结构： (1)with＋宾语＋形容词 (2)with＋宾语＋副词 (3)with＋宾语＋介词短语 (4)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He fell asleep with the lamp (burn)． ②All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock)． ③I can't go out with all these clothes (wash)． ④Don't speak (你满嘴巴食物)． 知识点12：as引导让步状语从句 (教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as excited as you might think.虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 句式分析：本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。 [例1]　Hard as he works，he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 [例2]　Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 [知识拓展] 另外although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。 句型转换 ①Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early. → ，they started out very early. ②Although atoms are small，they are made up of still smaller units. ＝ ，they are made up of still smaller units. 知识点13：Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. while的用法 (1)该句为复合句，while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。 (2)while的用法： [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①Men tend to be violent while women act in the opposite way. ②While I was working for a wedding，a pearl necklace disappeared. ③She worked in a bank for a while before studying law. ④While those seeds are expensive，the company tells farmers that they will make good profits. [完成句子] ① a desire for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的恐惧所驱动。 ② ，I was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，我不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。 知识点14：that's why...“这就是……的原因” (教材P17)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。 句式分析：本句that's why...表示“这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。 [例1]　That is why there are many versions of the same story.这就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。 [例2]　That is why the cultural industry in China is needed.这就是中国需要文化产业的原因。 [知识拓展] That's because...　　　 这是因为……(because后面跟原因) The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 句型转换 He missed the bus，that's why he was late for school. →He was late for school，that's he missed the bus. →The reason he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 知识点15：However，because of the near absence of gravity in space，there is no such thing as “up” or “down”． there is no such...(as...) (1)there is no such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。 (2)such...as...像……这样的……，as 在句中引导定语从句。 (3)such...that引导结果状语从句。 (4)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English. ②There is no such (＝not such a) man in our territory. ③The blooming flowers were so awesome that they left a permanent impression on us. 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①It’s such a difficult problem we can’t work out. ②It’s such a difficult problem we can’t work it out. ③It may help you to know that a perfect speech. 它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。 ④The pen writes so smoothly that it can contribute to making our handwriting better. → that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.(倒装) 知识点16：For example，liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel，and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass­produced and launched in the near future. It is likely that... (1)It is likely that...“……是可能的”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do...“某人/物可能做……”。 (2)其他表示“……可能……”的句型： [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. →You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ②It is possible for her to set a world record again. →It is probable/possible that she will set a world record again. [辨析比较]　likely，possible，probable likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语。 It is likely that...或Sb./Sth.be likely to do... possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语。 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that... probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语。 It’s probable that...，不能用于It’s probable for sb.to do sth.这一结构。 单句语法填空/选词填空 ①Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely (develop) depression than people who don’t. ②It is for me to change jobs，but I am not sure. ③I’m to be very busy tomorrow. ④It is that she will be elected as our monitor. 单元语法：主语从句 that That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground­based telescopes，and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe. whether Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved，but the signs are promising... it It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. how much How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. Activity 2　感悟规律 1．当从句陈述一个事实时，我们可以使用 that 来引导一个主语从句。 2．当从句是一个表示是否的问题时，我们可以使用 whether 来引导一个主语从句。 3．当主语从句很长时，可用 it 作形式主语。 4．当从句是表示程度的问题时，我们可以使用 how much 来引导一个主语从句。 Activity 3　语法精析 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。 What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around­the­world trip. 让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。 It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games. 侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle. 在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown. ＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled. 辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。 [名师点津]　whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency. 无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。 Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see. 谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。 [名师点津]　who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。 3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等) 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。 How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone. 这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle. 财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。 [名师点津]　名词性从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能； (2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义； (3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的引导词。 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句 It is vital that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。 [名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/ necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句 It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time.很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。 3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money.有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。 [点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/ required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided.应该决定我们下一步该做什么。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。 [名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books.这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。 单元写作：宇宙探索 本单元的写作任务是写一个关于外星人的故事，属于新课程标准“人与自然”主题语境中的“宇宙探索”主题群，旨在通过将特定主题和学生的生活建立联系，深化学生对宇宙探索的认识。写该类主题的作文，首先要思考太空生活的细节，然后用相关的词汇和表达组织作文框架，最后形成全文。 一、常用词汇 1.astronaut n.　　　　　宇航员 2.alien n. 外星人 3.frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 4.flying saucer n. 飞碟 5.explore vi.&vt. 探索；探测；探险 6.adventure n. 冒险 7.mystery n. 秘密，谜；神秘，神秘的事物 8.investigation n. 调查；调查研究 9.mission n. 使命，任务 10.faint vi. 晕倒 11.stay clean and neat 保持整洁 12.have a knowledge of... 对……了解 13.just as we do on earth 就像我们在地球上做的一样 14.in space 在太空 15.lose strength 失去力量 16.cause the bones to get weak 导致骨骼变弱 17.be bad for... 对……不利 18.the pull of gravity 重力的牵引 19.look puffy 看起来浮肿 20.make new blood 制造新的血液 二、常用句式 开篇常用句式 1.Living in space is not the same as living on Earth. 生活在太空和生活在地球上是不一样的。 2.The astronauts’ bodies change in space. 宇航员的身体在太空中会发生变化。 3.The way they stay clean and neat is different too. 他们保持干净整洁的方式也不同。 结尾常用句式 1.Hoping you can have a knowledge of the life in space. 希望你能了解太空生活。 2.As far as I am concerned，life in space is inconvenient but interesting. 在我看来，太空生活很不方便，但很有趣。 3.In my opinion，living in space will be turned into reality one day. 在我看来，太空生活总有一天会变成现实。 根据下面的描述写一篇故事： 一天，在放学回家的路上，彼得在离家不远的田野里看见一个飞碟。他躲在草丛后面，看到两个身穿银色制服的外星人出来了。然后他们用什么东西检查地面。他们很矮，有一双粉红色的眼睛。大约三十分钟后，两个外星人回到了飞碟中。彼得非常好奇，他跟着两个外星人走进了飞碟，没有听到身后的门关上的声音。温度下降得很快，很快他就什么都不知道了。当他苏醒过来时，他惊讶地发现他又回到了自己的家。彼得回到家后，把这段不寻常的经历告诉了妈妈，但他的家人决定对此事保持沉默。他们不想让别人嘲笑自己的儿子。然而，18个月后，彼得把他的故事告诉了不明飞行物科学家。他们发现彼得说的是实话。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 主题 太空探索 人称 第三人称 时态 叙述故事用一般过去时，评论用一般现在时 谋篇 第一段：点出故事发生的时间、地点、人物等； 第二段：描写故事发生的过程； 第三段：故事的结局。 第二步　要点翻译 1.他躲在高高的草丛后面，看着那个奇怪物体的门打开了。 He stayed behind the tall grass and watched the door of the strange object open. 2.他看到两个身穿银色制服的外星人出来了。 He saw two aliens wearing silver suits get out. 3.然后他们用什么东西检查地面。 Then they used something to examine the ground. 4.彼得与其说是害怕，不如说是好奇。 Peter was more curious than frightened. 5.他跟着两个外星人进入了飞碟。 He followed the two aliens into the flying saucer. 6.他没有听到身后的门关上的声音。 He did not hear the door close behind him. 7.温度下降得很快，很快他就什么都不知道了。 The temperature fell quickly and very soon he didn’t know anything. 8.彼得回到家后，把这次不寻常的经历告诉了妈妈。 When Peter got home，he told his mother about this unusual experience. 9.他的家人决定对此事保持沉默。 His family decided to keep quiet about it. 第三步　词句升级 1.用连词and合并句5和句6 He followed the two aliens into the flying saucer and did not hear the door close behind him. 2.用介词短语升级句7 The temperature fell in no time and very soon he didn’t know anything. 3.用连词but合并句8和句9 When Peter got home，he told his mother about this unusual experience，but his family decided to keep quiet about it. 第四步　连句成篇 One day，on his way home from school，Peter saw a silver object in a field not far from his home.The object looked like a saucer. Peter was very scared.He stayed behind the tall grass and watched the door of the strange object open.He saw two aliens wearing silver suits get out.Then they used something to examine the ground.They were short and had pink eyes.After about thirty minutes，the two aliens went back into the object.Peter was more curious than frightened.He followed the two aliens into the flying saucer and did not hear the door close behind him.The temperature fell in no time and very soon he didn’t know anything.When he came to life，he was surprised to see that he was back to his home again. When Peter got home，he told his mother about this unusual experience，but his family decided to keep quiet about it.They didn’t want others to laugh at their son.However，18 months later，Peter told his story to UFO scientists.They found out that Peter told the truth. 一、单词拼写 1.There are some 　　　　(机构) now specializing in helping older people find jobs which pay.  2.The Chinese nation is a big family which 　　　　 (包含) 56 ethnic groups living in harmony with each other.  3.Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is 　　　　 (至关重要的) to growth.  4.The mission was to locate signals coming from planets 　　　　(围绕……运动) the stars.  5.The three 　　　　 (航天员) in the Tiangong Space Station extended their greetings in a video released by the China Manned Space Agency.  6.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny 　　　　(生物) lived.  7.Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, 　　　　(故事) and factual stories.  8.We 　　　　(躲避) under a tree until the shower(阵雨) passed.  9.We see Chinese miners, oil workers, agricultural experts, 　　　　(技工), and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world.  10.The main m　　　 behind his decision to study late every night was his desire to get into a good university.  11.I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　(助理) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.  二、单句语法填空 1.We followed Mr. Read's speech attentively, nodding and applauding 　 　　　　(constant).  2.　　　　　(incredible), it was six months before I realized what was going on.  3.On most routes, the 　　　　　(frequent) of departure is very high, so people can buy tickets conveniently.  4.Apart from trade and 　　　　　(invest) cooperation between China and Canada, culture exchanges are also expected to increase.  5.Our 　　　　　(origin) plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.  6.It 　　　　　(calculate) that the world's population may increase slowly in the coming years.  7.To my relief, it was through this run 　　　　　 David became much stronger.  8.　　　　　 worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution.  9.I had no intention of postponing our meeting, but I was really occupied 　　　　　 something urgent and important.  10.The 　　　　　(absent) of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success.  11.Speaking fluent English like English native speakers requires extensive 　　　　　(expose) to the English environment.  12.I wear a bright orange jacket while bicycling because it makes me highly 　　　　　(vision) to car drivers.  13.Program 　　　　　(evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.  14.That includes huge savings in 　　　　　(maintain) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.  15.Don't bother 　　　　　(make) the bed—I'll do it before I make my way to the shop.  16.He 　　　　　(discipline) at school for talking back to the teacher.  17.　　　　　 is vital that we be in a good state of mind in the face of failure.  18. 　　　　　 we can see is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.  三、完成句子 1.人们相信,这些进步反映了中国致力于建设一个更环保、更高效的交通运输系统。(It is+过去分词+that...) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 these advancements reflect China's commitment to building a greener and more efficient transport system.  2.正是在这个山谷里,各种各样的蝴蝶自由地飞舞。(强调句型) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all kinds of butterflies were flying freely.( 3.他很有可能在来年再次创造世界纪录。(一句多译;likely) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a world record again in the coming year.(简单句)   ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he will set a world record again in the coming year.(it作形式主语)  4.优势显而易见,所以你不需要犹豫。(plain) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, so you don't need to hesitate.  5.天宫空间站已全面建成,这为未来的任务奠定了基础。 The Tiangong Space Station has been fully completed, which 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  6.我真的喜欢在我们的英语报纸上增加一个新专栏的主意。(强调谓语) I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a new column to our English newspaper.  7.弗雷德决定定居北京,因为他被北京的文化深深地吸引了。(一句多译) ①Fred decided to settle in Beijing 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 its culture.(原因状语从句)   ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 its culture, Fred decided to settle in Beijing.(过去分词短语作状语)   8.n conclusion, skipping rope, which is beneficial to our physical and mental well-being, is a good choice at break.(句型转换;of+n.) →In conclusion, skipping rope, which is 　　　　 　　　　 to our physical and mental well-being, is a good choice at break.  9.无论如何你都不应该丧失信心。 Under no circumstances 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  10.她微笑着,长发在微风中飘动。(with的复合结构;flutter) She smiled, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the breeze.(读后续写—神态描写)  11.In my view,friendship is the most important thing in our daily life.(句式升级;比较级用于否定句) →In my view, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in our daily life.  12.鉴于你对中国文化感兴趣,如果你能给我一些建议,我将不胜感激。(given) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I'd be very appreciative if you could give me some advice.  四、单元语法专练 1.“Sometimes 　　　　　 surprises me that it works so well,” he says.  2.It is essential 　　　　　 we should discipline ourselves to do exercise regularly.  3.　　　　　 the watch belongs to is unknown.  4.But 　　　　　 exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research.   5.It is uncertain 　　　　　 he can come to Jenny's birthday party or not.   6.　　　　　 impressed the judges most was the contestant's innovative design concept.  7.　　　　　 she will leave for London hasn't been decided. Maybe tomorrow, maybe next week.  8.It doesn't matter 　　　　　 the final work looks like but how much effort and devotion you have poured into it.  9.　　　　　 reads this poem will feel the depth of the poet's emotions.  10.　　　　　 John was late for the class was still unexplained.  11.　　　　　 football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.  12.　　　　　 caused the accident remains unknown.   13.　　　　　 the English evening will be held has not been decided yet.  14.　　　　　 part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.  五、阅读理解 A (2025江苏无锡名校联考) 　　The idiom “shoot for the stars” has just taken on a literal meaning for cancer survivor Hayley Arceneaux from Memphis, Tennessee. On February 22, 29-year-old Hayley was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4—the world's first civilian astronaut mission. 　　Two decades ago, Hayley happened to go to NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas with her family. “I got to see where the astronauts received training and I wanted to be an astronaut after that,” she recalled. 　　However, the young girl's dream was derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, the expert at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis stopped its spread by replacing the diseased bones in the left leg with metal rods. Learning her dream of becoming an astronaut would probably never be realized, the young girl decided to work with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured. 　　As it turned out, Hayley's dream of going to space was far from over. On January 5, she got a surprise call from Jared Isaacman, founder of Shift4 Payments, seriously asking her if she'd like to go to space. “I immediately said, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’” Arceneaux said. 　　When SpaceX announced the world's first all-commercial astronaut mission, the 37-year-old billionaire instantly booked all four seats available. To make the journey more meaningful, Isaacman announced he'd donate three seats to members of the general public. 　　Hayley, the first crew member to be announced, represents “hope”—a nod to her survival of cancer and frontline work at St. Jude. The second passenger, representing “generosity”, will be chosen randomly from a fundraiser sweepstake(抽奖) meant to raise $200 million for the cancer hospital, which treats children at no charge. The last seat, representing “prosperity”, will be given to an entrepreneur who wins the competition that requires participants to set up an e-commerce site using a Shift4 Payments platform. 　　While Hayley is set to be the first person with a disability to go to space, she won't be the last. 1.What inspired Hayley to dream of being an astronaut? A.Her fight against cancer.　　　 B.Volunteering at a hospital. C.Her visit to a space center.　　　 D.The 2-year special training. 2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A.Hayley got a heavy blow.　　　 B.Hayley worked as a volunteer. C.Hayley is a strong-willed person.　 D.Hayley quit her dream completely. 3.How did Hayley respond to the request from Jared Isaacman's call? A.She agreed without hesitation.　　　B.She said her dream had been over. C.She didn't take it seriously at first.　 D.She had no choice but to refuse. 4.Why would Jared Isaacman donate the seat representing “generosity” to a member of the general public? A.To promote his company's products. B.To raise funds for a cancer hospital. C.To inspire interest in space travel.　 D.To seek help for disabled children. B (2024湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考) 　　The American astronaut Mae Jemison was only a little girl back in the 1960s. But she was old enough to know there was something strange about the Apollo astronauts as she watched them go into space on TV: They were all men—no women could be seen. 　　“That was the most absurd thing in the world,” Jemison, now an astronaut herself, once told The Atlantic. “I just thought, would aliens actually think this is all there is to humanity?” 　　Fortunately, the past several decades has seen the world becoming a less “absurd” place. From NASA's first astronaut class in 1959, which was all-male, to its class in 2013, in which half of the eight members were women, we can see how things are changing. 　　And on March 29, 2019 another history was about to be made when an all-female team—Anne McClain and Christina Koch—was scheduled to make an “all-female spacewalk” since all previous spacewalks were done with at least one male astronaut. 　　But that plan was eventually cancelled, due to “spacesuit availability”, which means NASA doesn't have two suits that fit women. The world is still pretty “absurd” after all. 　　In fact, tests have long proved that women are not at all less competent than men when it comes to space tasks. But apparently, test results are not enough to fight off the world's long-existing bias against women. According to Atlas Obscura, female astronauts were sometimes asked sexist questions during news conferences—examples include how they would live for a week without makeup, or how they could leave their children behind to go on space missions—when male astronauts were never bothered by such questions. 　　Hopefully—give it another few decades—we'll be able to see the world that's fully grown out of its absurdity in terms of gender equality. And hopefully, when aliens do come to visit one of our space stations, they'll see humanity in the way it should be. 1.How did Jemison probably feel when she watched the Apollo astronauts as a kid? A.Angry.　　 B.Excited.　　 C.Surprised.　　 D.Bored. 2.What event shows the continuous existence of absurdity according to the author? A.The cancellation of the first all-female spacewalk. B.NASA's astronaut class that was organized in 2013. C.People's disagreement on the all-female spacewalk. D.The unwillingness to produce enough suits that fit women. 3.What does the author want to explain with the report of Atlas Obscura? A.Negative opinions about women.　　　 B.The dislike for female astronauts. C.Women's ability in space missions.　　　 D.The preference for male astronauts. 4.What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To encourage people to be astronauts. B.To show his love for female astronauts. C.To encourage people to support females. D.To express his support for female astronauts. 六、七选五 （25-26高二上·福建莆田·期中）Changing values, digital technologies, and environmental consciousness are shaping the future of residential (住宅的) architecture. The future of housing requires us to redefine how we live, how we occupy space and move in response to global challenges. 1 . Sustainability at the Core 2 . Residential designs of the future must incorporate energy efficient solutions and reduce carbon footprint. This will be driven by passive house principles, renewable energy, and local sustainability. Making the most of natural light, airflow, and insulation (隔热) results in energy consumption and greater comfort. 3 Future homes will feature seamlessly (无缝地) integrated technology to provide everything from automated lighting and climate control to security and energy management. 4 . Equipped with voice-controlled devices and AI-driven systems, houses will become smarter. Community-Oriented Living 5 . Future residential architecture encourages a sense of community while providing privacy. Shared green spaces, communal kitchens and co-working areas will become more common, especially in urban developments. A．Smart Home Integration B．Flexible, Multi-Functional Spaces C．Being sustainable has become more a norm than a trend D．As urbanization increases, there’s a growing trend toward shared and co-living spaces E．Residents need spaces to concentrate and work productively F．All of them anticipate the habits and preferences of residents G．Some trends will define the future of residential architecture 七、完形填空 （22-23高二上·江苏盐城·期中）Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn’t it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 1 in zero gravity. However, without 2 , there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do, and that’s very 3 . What’s worse, they can’t even let their sadness show — because it’s impossible to 4 in zero gravity. Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 5 environment, tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes. This 6 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just 7 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel 8 this during one of his spacewalks. Besides making your 9 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 10 to the eyes. But that’s not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy,” Feustel told his teammate during the walk. Since gravity doesn’t work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 11 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “When the tears get big enough they 12 break free of the eye and float around,” astronaut Ron Parise said. In space, astronauts can’t eat or drink in 13 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 14 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 15 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you’re the best.” 1．A．leaping B．floating C．eating D．talking 2．A．gravity B．doubt C．aid D．effort 3．A．risky B．lifelike C．sad D．unfortunate 4．A．foresee B．view C．pray D．cry 5．A．dangerous B．extreme C．stable D．weightless 6．A．expects B．means C．demands D．shows 7．A．meet B．develop C．stay D．leave 8．A．witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered 9．A．mind B．vision C．sense D．idea 10．A．peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort 11．A．chose B．decided C．stopped D．hesitated 12．A．fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply 13．A．regular B．normal C．particular D．rational 14．A．out B．off C．down D．up 15．A．give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like 八、语法填空 A (2025福建莆田第四中学月考) Fifty-five years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1, and started 　1　 new chapter in space exploration. 2　 (mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country's planetary exploration program on April 24, 2020. Tianwen got its name from a long poem “Tianwen” 　3　(write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions 　4　(concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts about traditional ideas 　5　 his constant pursuit(追求) of truths. So far, China 　6　(make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites 　7　(independent). Over the past few years, China's 　8　(mission), including the Shenzhou and Chang'e series, have been designed to explore outer space and expand mankind's understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, 　9　 represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space. With the name's deep roots in traditional Chinese culture, Tianwen demonstrates the 　10　(determine) and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space.  B (2025浙江杭州西湖区期末) 　　Wang Zhenyi is a Qing Dynasty astronomer 　1　 one of the greatest female scientists in Chinese history. Born in 1768, when traditional customs in China prevented girls from 　2　(get) a formal education, she was 　3　(luck) to grow in a family of scholars who encouraged her and 　4　(support) her learning.  　　In ancient China, lunar eclipses(月食) 　5　(consider) to be mysterious, beautiful and something beyond our grasp. Wang was famous 　6　 creating a model to explain lunar eclipses, which she was especially interested in. She used a lamp, a mirror and a round table altogether 　7　(represent) the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. By moving the three 　8　(object), she was able to show that a lunar eclipse happened when the Moon passed 　9　(direct) behind the Earth and moved into its shadow. Her article “The Explanation of a Lunar Eclipse” is still considered highly accurate for its time.  　　In 1994, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on Venus after her, to honor the woman beyond time and space. It was 　10　 people like Wang Zhenyi did that increased our curiosity about the universe.  九、书面表达 假如现在是2050年，你刚参加过学校组织的一次火星旅游，请根据提示写一篇短文。要点如下： 1.出行方式及路线(乘航天飞机到达太空站再到达火星)； 2.所见所闻，如外星人(alien)； 3.你的感受。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Out of This World（复习讲义） 必记 单词 1.astronaut n.宇航员,航天员  2.float vi.飘动,漂流;浮 vt.使浮动,使漂流  3.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦,困难  4.mission n.任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务  5.creature n.动物,生物;人  6.circumstance n.条件,状况;(pl.)境况,(尤指)经济状况  7.furthermore adv.此外,再者  8.pill n.药丸,药片  9.vital adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的  10.discipline vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练 n.训练;纪律;行为准则;自制力  11.leisure n.闲暇,空闲  12.crew n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队  13.altogether adv.完全;总共;总之  14.comprise vt.包括,包含;组成,构成  15.scan vt.& vi.扫描;细看;浏览 n.扫描检查;快速查阅  16.tale n.故事;讲述,叙述  17.motive n.原因,动机,目的  18.shelter n.居所,住处;庇护 vt.保护,掩蔽 vi.躲避  必背 短语 1．使进一步了解…… cast new light on 2．在这种情况下；既然如此in the circumstances 3．鉴于，考虑到in view of 4．显而易见的 plain to see 5．为……打下基础 lay the foundation for 6．make achievements取得成就 7．come to an end结束 8．at a time每次 9．in the right direction朝着正确的方向 10．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于 11．在……的帮助下with the help of 12．看起来像look like 13．为了in order to 14．由……组成be made up of 15．陷入；困入be caught in 16．as well也 17．protect...from/against...保护……免遭…… 18．take advantage of利用 19．all over the world全世界 20．be bathed in沐浴在；笼罩在 常用 结构 there is no such...(as...) it 作形式主语 That/This/It is why...那/这就是为什么…… 语法 主语从句 写作 太空旅行 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 (教材P16)Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。 [例]　The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。 [知识拓展] (1)in/during sb's absence＝ in/during the absence of sb.在某人不在期间 in the absence of ... 缺乏……；不存在…… absence from 缺席，离开，不在某处 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的；心不在焉的 be absent from 缺席；不在 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's the manager's job to organize covers for staff who are absent(absence)． ②His absence of mind while driving(他驾驶的时候走神) nearly caused an accident. 知识点2：Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. vital adj.必不可少的；对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 be vital to/for...对……极为重要的 It is vital to do...做……很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.……是十分重要的 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①As far as we all are concerned，consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us. ②As for the work，it is vital to cast new light on its details immediately. ③If we are to make a difference in life，it’s vital that we (should) begin with small things. 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①What’s more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians(行人) do not think it vital (obey) traffic rules. ②As we all know，water is vital keeping every creature alive，without which the world would be a dead place. ③重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。 → we should learn something from failure.(主语从句) → we should learn something from failure.(it作形式主语) 【答案】1.to obey2.to/for3.What’s vital is that，It’s vital that 知识点3：bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难 (教材P16)...but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 [例]　I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。 [知识拓展] bother sb.with sth.　 　　 因某事让某人担心/烦心 not bother to do/doing sth. 不用费心去做某事 It bothers sb.that... 让某人担心/苦恼的是…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I don't know why he bothers me with this kind of rubbish. ②Years before，I even did not bother to apply for(甚至不愿去申请) Employment Insurance Benefit when I was unemployed. ③It really bothers me that(使我很苦恼) they haven't replied to our letters. 知识点4：occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 (教材P16)The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。 [例]　The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.床似乎占去了大半个屋子。 [知识拓展] (1)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 occupy sb.oneself (in doing sth./with sb./sth.) 忙于……；专心于…… be deeply occupied in thinking 陷入深思 be fully occupied 忙得不可开交 (2)occupation n. 占领；侵占；职业 单句语法填空 ①Haas occupied himself in writing(write) his research paper. ②She occupied herself with a translation of a French novel. ③Please state your name，age and occupation(occupy) below. 知识点5：circumstance n．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况 (教材P17)In the circumstances，it's time for a spacewalk.在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 [例]　The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。 [知识拓展] in the circumstances＝under the circumstances在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances＝in no case 绝不(置于句首句子用部分倒装) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Under no circumstances(circumstance) can we agree to such a principle. ②In the circumstances(在这种情况下)，the information about competition plays an important role in sports. 知识点6：We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space. desire v．渴望；期望 n．渴望；欲望；渴求 (1)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth.渴望…… (2)have a strong desire 注意：desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①We always desire to live in harmony with our neighbors. ②We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped in the valley. ③I had a strong desire to reach out and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully by the shop window. 我有一种强烈的渴望去拿那个玩具玩但幸亏被商店的橱窗阻挡了。 [单句语法填空/一句多译] ①I desire him (give)me some suggestions on improving my listening. ②It’s our desire you should fund our program and offer us some practical suggestions. ③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 →Everyone while success only belongs to the hard­working people.(desire n．) →Everyone while success only belongs to the hard­working people.(desire v．) 【答案】1.to give2.that 3. has a desire for success， desires to succeed 知识点7：exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 (教材P17)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.首先，我们穿上宇航服，它使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。 [例]　Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful to the hearing. 持续暴露在强度高于80分贝的噪声中可能对听觉有害。 [知识拓展] (1)expose v．　　　 暴露，使曝光 be exposed to 使暴露在…… expose sb./sth.to... 使……暴露在…… expose sth. 揭露某事 (2)overexpose v. 使(胶片等)曝光过度； 对……报道过频 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun. ②He exposed the plan(透露了这个计划)to the newspapers. ③The photograph is too light：it must have been overexposed(曝光过度)． 知识点8：Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist make sense of理解；弄懂 make no sense没道理；没意义 make sense讲得通；有意义 in a sense从某种意义上来说 in no sense决不；绝非位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①The old astronaut scanned the poem，but could not make sense of it. ②This sentence the pupil has made doesn’t make sense. ＝This sentence the pupil has made makes no sense. ③In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. [完成句子] ①Can you what the foreigner said just now? 你能理解这位外国人刚才说的话吗？ ② ，what touched me most was that he laid the foundation for my fluent spoken English. 从某种意义上来说，最打动我的是他为我的流利口语奠定了基础。 【答案】1.make sense of 2.In a sense 知识点9：in view of 鉴于，考虑到 (教材P17)In view of the low­gravity environment，eating is also different in space.鉴于失重状态的环境，饮食在空间站上也有所不同。 [例]　In view of the present situation，we'll have to revise our original plan.基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。 [知识拓展] (1)in one's view　　　 在某人看来 on view 陈列中；展览中 (2)in view 在视线中；在视野中 out of view 不在视野中 come into view 映入眼帘 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The pieces on view are not grouped around any one theme. ②She waved until the train was out of view(直到火车从视野中消失)． ③In my view(在我看来) public participation is one of the few options. 知识点10：vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 (教材P17)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 [例]　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 [知识拓展] be vital to/for...　　 对……是至关重要的 It is vital to do... 做……很重要 It is/was vital that... ……是十分重要的 [从句中要用虚拟 语气“(should)＋do”] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His function is vital to/for the accomplishment of the agency's mission. ②It is vital that we(should) act to stop the destruction of the rainforests(我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林)． 知识点11：with复合结构 (教材P16)With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。 句式分析：本句中的with so much going on是“with＋n.＋现在分词”结构，在句中作原因状语。 [例1]　He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.全班同学看着他，他感到更不自在了。 [例2]　I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。 [知识拓展] with复合结构中除了可以跟介词短语外，还有以下结构： (1)with＋宾语＋形容词 (2)with＋宾语＋副词 (3)with＋宾语＋介词短语 (4)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He fell asleep with the lamp burning(burn)． ②All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock)． ③I can't go out with all these clothes to wash(wash)． ④Don't speak with your mouth full(你满嘴巴食物)． 知识点12：as引导让步状语从句 (教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as excited as you might think.虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 句式分析：本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。 [例1]　Hard as he works，he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 [例2]　Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 [知识拓展] 另外although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。 句型转换 ①Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early. →Heavily as/though it was raining outside，they started out very early. ②Although atoms are small，they are made up of still smaller units. ＝Small as/though atoms are，they are made up of still smaller units. 知识点13：Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. while的用法 (1)该句为复合句，while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。 (2)while的用法： [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①Men tend to be violent while women act in the opposite way. ②While I was working for a wedding，a pearl necklace disappeared. ③She worked in a bank for a while before studying law. ④While those seeds are expensive，the company tells farmers that they will make good profits. [完成句子] ① a desire for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的恐惧所驱动。 ② ，I was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，我不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。 【答案】1.While some people are motivated by2.While walking the dog 知识点14：that's why...“这就是……的原因” (教材P17)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。 句式分析：本句that's why...表示“这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。 [例1]　That is why there are many versions of the same story.这就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。 [例2]　That is why the cultural industry in China is needed.这就是中国需要文化产业的原因。 [知识拓展] That's because...　　　 这是因为……(because后面跟原因) The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 句型转换 He missed the bus，that's why he was late for school. →He was late for school，that's because he missed the bus. →The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 知识点15：However，because of the near absence of gravity in space，there is no such thing as “up” or “down”． there is no such...(as...) (1)there is no such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。 (2)such...as...像……这样的……，as 在句中引导定语从句。 (3)such...that引导结果状语从句。 (4)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English. ②There is no such (＝not such a) man in our territory. ③The blooming flowers were so awesome that they left a permanent impression on us. 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①It’s such a difficult problem we can’t work out. ②It’s such a difficult problem we can’t work it out. ③It may help you to know that a perfect speech. 它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。 ④The pen writes so smoothly that it can contribute to making our handwriting better. → that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.(倒装) 【答案】1.as 2.that 3.there is no such thing as4.So smoothly does the pen write 知识点16：For example，liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel，and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass­produced and launched in the near future. It is likely that... (1)It is likely that...“……是可能的”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do...“某人/物可能做……”。 (2)其他表示“……可能……”的句型： [佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. →You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ②It is possible for her to set a world record again. →It is probable/possible that she will set a world record again. [辨析比较]　likely，possible，probable likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语。 It is likely that...或Sb./Sth.be likely to do... possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语。 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that... probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语。 It’s probable that...，不能用于It’s probable for sb.to do sth.这一结构。 单句语法填空/选词填空 ①Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely (develop) depression than people who don’t. ②It is for me to change jobs，but I am not sure. ③I’m to be very busy tomorrow. ④It is that she will be elected as our monitor. 【答案】1.to develop2.possible 3.likely 4.probable/likely/possible 单元语法：主语从句 that That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground­based telescopes，and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe. whether Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved，but the signs are promising... it It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. how much How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. Activity 2　感悟规律 1．当从句陈述一个事实时，我们可以使用 that 来引导一个主语从句。 2．当从句是一个表示是否的问题时，我们可以使用 whether 来引导一个主语从句。 3．当主语从句很长时，可用 it 作形式主语。 4．当从句是表示程度的问题时，我们可以使用 how much 来引导一个主语从句。 Activity 3　语法精析 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。 What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around­the­world trip. 让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。 It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games. 侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle. 在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown. ＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled. 辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。 [名师点津]　whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency. 无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。 Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see. 谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。 [名师点津]　who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。 3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等) 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。 How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone. 这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle. 财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。 [名师点津]　名词性从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能； (2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义； (3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的引导词。 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句 It is vital that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。 [名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/ necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句 It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time.很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。 3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money.有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。 [点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/ required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided.应该决定我们下一步该做什么。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。 [名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books.这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。 单元写作：宇宙探索 本单元的写作任务是写一个关于外星人的故事，属于新课程标准“人与自然”主题语境中的“宇宙探索”主题群，旨在通过将特定主题和学生的生活建立联系，深化学生对宇宙探索的认识。写该类主题的作文，首先要思考太空生活的细节，然后用相关的词汇和表达组织作文框架，最后形成全文。 一、常用词汇 1.astronaut n.　　　　　宇航员 2.alien n. 外星人 3.frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 4.flying saucer n. 飞碟 5.explore vi.&vt. 探索；探测；探险 6.adventure n. 冒险 7.mystery n. 秘密，谜；神秘，神秘的事物 8.investigation n. 调查；调查研究 9.mission n. 使命，任务 10.faint vi. 晕倒 11.stay clean and neat 保持整洁 12.have a knowledge of... 对……了解 13.just as we do on earth 就像我们在地球上做的一样 14.in space 在太空 15.lose strength 失去力量 16.cause the bones to get weak 导致骨骼变弱 17.be bad for... 对……不利 18.the pull of gravity 重力的牵引 19.look puffy 看起来浮肿 20.make new blood 制造新的血液 二、常用句式 开篇常用句式 1.Living in space is not the same as living on Earth. 生活在太空和生活在地球上是不一样的。 2.The astronauts’ bodies change in space. 宇航员的身体在太空中会发生变化。 3.The way they stay clean and neat is different too. 他们保持干净整洁的方式也不同。 结尾常用句式 1.Hoping you can have a knowledge of the life in space. 希望你能了解太空生活。 2.As far as I am concerned，life in space is inconvenient but interesting. 在我看来，太空生活很不方便，但很有趣。 3.In my opinion，living in space will be turned into reality one day. 在我看来，太空生活总有一天会变成现实。 根据下面的描述写一篇故事： 一天，在放学回家的路上，彼得在离家不远的田野里看见一个飞碟。他躲在草丛后面，看到两个身穿银色制服的外星人出来了。然后他们用什么东西检查地面。他们很矮，有一双粉红色的眼睛。大约三十分钟后，两个外星人回到了飞碟中。彼得非常好奇，他跟着两个外星人走进了飞碟，没有听到身后的门关上的声音。温度下降得很快，很快他就什么都不知道了。当他苏醒过来时，他惊讶地发现他又回到了自己的家。彼得回到家后，把这段不寻常的经历告诉了妈妈，但他的家人决定对此事保持沉默。他们不想让别人嘲笑自己的儿子。然而，18个月后，彼得把他的故事告诉了不明飞行物科学家。他们发现彼得说的是实话。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 主题 太空探索 人称 第三人称 时态 叙述故事用一般过去时，评论用一般现在时 谋篇 第一段：点出故事发生的时间、地点、人物等； 第二段：描写故事发生的过程； 第三段：故事的结局。 第二步　要点翻译 1.他躲在高高的草丛后面，看着那个奇怪物体的门打开了。 He stayed behind the tall grass and watched the door of the strange object open. 2.他看到两个身穿银色制服的外星人出来了。 He saw two aliens wearing silver suits get out. 3.然后他们用什么东西检查地面。 Then they used something to examine the ground. 4.彼得与其说是害怕，不如说是好奇。 Peter was more curious than frightened. 5.他跟着两个外星人进入了飞碟。 He followed the two aliens into the flying saucer. 6.他没有听到身后的门关上的声音。 He did not hear the door close behind him. 7.温度下降得很快，很快他就什么都不知道了。 The temperature fell quickly and very soon he didn’t know anything. 8.彼得回到家后，把这次不寻常的经历告诉了妈妈。 When Peter got home，he told his mother about this unusual experience. 9.他的家人决定对此事保持沉默。 His family decided to keep quiet about it. 第三步　词句升级 1.用连词and合并句5和句6 He followed the two aliens into the flying saucer and did not hear the door close behind him. 2.用介词短语升级句7 The temperature fell in no time and very soon he didn’t know anything. 3.用连词but合并句8和句9 When Peter got home，he told his mother about this unusual experience，but his family decided to keep quiet about it. 第四步　连句成篇 One day，on his way home from school，Peter saw a silver object in a field not far from his home.The object looked like a saucer. Peter was very scared.He stayed behind the tall grass and watched the door of the strange object open.He saw two aliens wearing silver suits get out.Then they used something to examine the ground.They were short and had pink eyes.After about thirty minutes，the two aliens went back into the object.Peter was more curious than frightened.He followed the two aliens into the flying saucer and did not hear the door close behind him.The temperature fell in no time and very soon he didn’t know anything.When he came to life，he was surprised to see that he was back to his home again. When Peter got home，he told his mother about this unusual experience，but his family decided to keep quiet about it.They didn’t want others to laugh at their son.However，18 months later，Peter told his story to UFO scientists.They found out that Peter told the truth. 一、单词拼写 1.There are some 　　　　(机构) now specializing in helping older people find jobs which pay.  2.The Chinese nation is a big family which 　　　　 (包含) 56 ethnic groups living in harmony with each other.  3.Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is 　　　　 (至关重要的) to growth.  4.The mission was to locate signals coming from planets 　　　　(围绕……运动) the stars.  5.The three 　　　　 (航天员) in the Tiangong Space Station extended their greetings in a video released by the China Manned Space Agency.  6.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny 　　　　(生物) lived.  7.Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, 　　　　(故事) and factual stories.  8.We 　　　　(躲避) under a tree until the shower(阵雨) passed.  9.We see Chinese miners, oil workers, agricultural experts, 　　　　(技工), and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world.  10.The main m　　　 behind his decision to study late every night was his desire to get into a good university.  11.I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　(助理) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.  【答案】1.agencies　2.comprises　3.crucial　4.orbiting 5.astronauts　6.creatures7.tales8.sheltered9.mechanics　10.motive　11.assistants 二、单句语法填空 1.We followed Mr. Read's speech attentively, nodding and applauding 　 　　　　(constant).  2.　　　　　(incredible), it was six months before I realized what was going on.  3.On most routes, the 　　　　　(frequent) of departure is very high, so people can buy tickets conveniently.  4.Apart from trade and 　　　　　(invest) cooperation between China and Canada, culture exchanges are also expected to increase.  5.Our 　　　　　(origin) plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.  6.It 　　　　　(calculate) that the world's population may increase slowly in the coming years.  7.To my relief, it was through this run 　　　　　 David became much stronger.  8.　　　　　 worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution.  9.I had no intention of postponing our meeting, but I was really occupied 　　　　　 something urgent and important.  10.The 　　　　　(absent) of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success.  11.Speaking fluent English like English native speakers requires extensive 　　　　　(expose) to the English environment.  12.I wear a bright orange jacket while bicycling because it makes me highly 　　　　　(vision) to car drivers.  13.Program 　　　　　(evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.  14.That includes huge savings in 　　　　　(maintain) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.  15.Don't bother 　　　　　(make) the bed—I'll do it before I make my way to the shop.  16.He 　　　　　(discipline) at school for talking back to the teacher.  17.　　　　　 is vital that we be in a good state of mind in the face of failure.  18. 　　　　　 we can see is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.  【答案】1.constantly　考查副词。设空处修饰nodding and applauding,应用副词作状语。故填constantly。句意: 我们聚精会神地听着里德先生的演讲,不停地点头和鼓掌。 2.Incredibly　考查副词。句意:难以置信的是,六个月后我才意识到发生了什么。此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。句首单词首字母应大写。故填Incredibly。 3.frequency　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,此处应用名词。故填frequency。句意:在大多数路线上,发车的频率很高,所以人们可以很方便地买到票。 4.investment　考查名词。此处应用名词作定语修饰cooperation。故填investment。句意:中国和加拿大之间除了贸易和投资合作外,文化交流也有望增加。 5.original　考查形容词。根据后面的名词plan可知,设空处作定语,应用形容词。故填original。句意: 我们原来的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 6.is calculated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为“It is/was+过去分词+that...”句型,意为“据……”;根据语境和that从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时可知,设空处也应用一般现在时。故填is calculated。句意:据预测,世界人口在未来几年可能缓慢增长。 7.that　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,去掉it was和设空处后,剩下的部分仍能构成完整的句子,所以此处是强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that...”,强调的是状语“through this run”。故填that。句意:让我欣慰的是,正是通过这次跑步,戴维变得更坚强了。 8.What　考查主语从句。句意:让大多数人担心的是这些肥料可能会造成污染。分析句子可知,is前为主语从句,从句谓语动词worries前面缺少主语,表示“……的事情”。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填What。 9.with　考查固定短语。be occupied with...意为“忙于……”,为固定短语。故填with。句意:我并不想推迟我们的会议,但我确实忙于一些紧急而重要的事情。 10.absence　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知,设空处应用名词。故填absence。句意: 考虑到高质量的教学与学生成功之间的联系,排名中没有教学卓越令人惊讶。 11.exposure　考查名词。根据空前的动词requires和形容词extensive可知,设空处应用名词。故填exposure。句意: 像英语母语者一样说流利的英语需要广泛接触英语环境。 12.visible　考查形容词。句意:我骑自行车时穿一件亮橙色的夹克,因为这样可以让汽车司机很明显地看到我。此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,结合句意可知,此处表示“可见的;看得见的”,所以用形容词作宾语补足语。故填visible。 13.evaluations　考查名词及其单复数。根据主句谓语动词show可知,设空处用名词的复数形式作主句的主语,故填evaluations。句意:项目评估显示,孩子们由于这些课程而吃了更多的蔬菜。 14.maintenance　考查名词。设空处修饰名词costs,maintenance costs意为“维护费用”,名词作定语,故填maintenance。 句意:那包括在维护费用方面的巨额节省和对铁路人员安全的更好保护。 15.making/to make　考查固定用法。动词bother后面既可以接动名词作宾语,又可以接动词不定式作宾语,意为“花费精力做某事”。故填making或to make。句意:别费心铺床了——我去商店之前会铺。 16. was disciplined　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他因为和老师顶嘴而在学校受到了处罚。设空处为谓语,提示词discipline与主语He之间是被动关系,且描述的是过去发生的事情,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词也应用单数。故填was disciplined。 17. It　考查形式主语。此处为“It is vital that...”句型,It为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语,从句使用了虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。故填It。句意:在面对失败时,我们要有良好的心态至关重要。 18.What　考查主语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少动词see的宾语,指事物,所以用连接代词what引导。设空处位于句首,故填What。句意:我们可以看到的是文化和烹饪密切相关。 三、完成句子 1.人们相信,这些进步反映了中国致力于建设一个更环保、更高效的交通运输系统。(It is+过去分词+that...) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 these advancements reflect China's commitment to building a greener and more efficient transport system.  2.正是在这个山谷里,各种各样的蝴蝶自由地飞舞。(强调句型) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all kinds of butterflies were flying freely.( 3.他很有可能在来年再次创造世界纪录。(一句多译;likely) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a world record again in the coming year.(简单句)   ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he will set a world record again in the coming year.(it作形式主语)  4.优势显而易见,所以你不需要犹豫。(plain) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, so you don't need to hesitate.  5.天宫空间站已全面建成,这为未来的任务奠定了基础。 The Tiangong Space Station has been fully completed, which 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  6.我真的喜欢在我们的英语报纸上增加一个新专栏的主意。(强调谓语) I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a new column to our English newspaper.  7.弗雷德决定定居北京,因为他被北京的文化深深地吸引了。(一句多译) ①Fred decided to settle in Beijing 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 its culture.(原因状语从句)   ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 its culture, Fred decided to settle in Beijing.(过去分词短语作状语)   8.n conclusion, skipping rope, which is beneficial to our physical and mental well-being, is a good choice at break.(句型转换;of+n.) →In conclusion, skipping rope, which is 　　　　 　　　　 to our physical and mental well-being, is a good choice at break.  9.无论如何你都不应该丧失信心。 Under no circumstances 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  10.她微笑着,长发在微风中飘动。(with的复合结构;flutter) She smiled, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the breeze.(读后续写—神态描写)  11.In my view,friendship is the most important thing in our daily life.(句式升级;比较级用于否定句) →In my view, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in our daily life.  12.鉴于你对中国文化感兴趣,如果你能给我一些建议,我将不胜感激。(given) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I'd be very appreciative if you could give me some advice.  【答案】1.It is believed that　2.It was in the valley that3.①He is likely to set　②It is likely that4.The advantages are plain to see　5.lays the foundation for future tasks　6.do like the idea of adding　7.①because he was strongly attracted to　②Strongly attracted to8.of benefit　9.should you lose heart　10.with her long hair fluttering　11.nothing is more important than friendship12.Given that you're interested in Chinese culture/Given your interest in Chinese culture 四、单元语法专练 1.“Sometimes 　　　　　 surprises me that it works so well,” he says.  2.It is essential 　　　　　 we should discipline ourselves to do exercise regularly.  3.　　　　　 the watch belongs to is unknown.  4.But 　　　　　 exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research.   5.It is uncertain 　　　　　 he can come to Jenny's birthday party or not.   6.　　　　　 impressed the judges most was the contestant's innovative design concept.  7.　　　　　 she will leave for London hasn't been decided. Maybe tomorrow, maybe next week.  8.It doesn't matter 　　　　　 the final work looks like but how much effort and devotion you have poured into it.  9.　　　　　 reads this poem will feel the depth of the poet's emotions.  10.　　　　　 John was late for the class was still unexplained.  11.　　　　　 football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.  12.　　　　　 caused the accident remains unknown.   13.　　　　　 the English evening will be held has not been decided yet.  14.　　　　　 part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.  【答案】1.it　设空处无提示词,分析句子可知,that引导的从句作真正的主语,所以用代词it作形式主语,故填it。 2.that　句意:我们严格要求自己经常锻炼身体至关重要。分析句子可知,本句为“It is+adj.+that从句”句型,It作形式主语,that引导主语从句。故填that。 3.Whom/Who　句意:这块手表是谁的不得而知。分析句子可知,“　　　 the watch belongs to”作主语,主语从句中缺少belongs to的宾语,指人,应用连接代词whom或who,句首单词首字母应大写。故填Whom或Who。  4. how　句意:但他们究竟如何获得这种意图解读能力将是未来研究的一个令人兴奋的话题。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,根据语境可知此处意为“如何”,应用连接副词how。 5. whether　句意:他是否能来参加珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。分析句子可知,It是形式主语,“　　　 he can...or not”是真正的主语,从句中不缺成分,结合语境和句中的or not可知,此处表示“是否”,应用whether。  6.What　句意:给评委们留下最深刻印象的是参赛者新颖的设计理念。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句。从句缺少主语,指物,所以用连接代词what,句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。 7.When　句意:她什么时候去伦敦还没有决定。也许明天,也许下周。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中充当主语从句的引导词,由“Maybe tomorrow, maybe next week.”可知,此处不确定的是时间,主语从句中缺少时间状语,句首单词首字母应大写。故填When。 8.what　句意:重要的不是最终作品看起来是什么样子,而是你投入了多少努力和热爱。句中It为形式主语,but连接两个并列的主语从句;设空处引导主语从句,指代事情并在从句中作介词like的宾语,应用连接代词what。 9.Whoever　句意:无论谁读这首诗,都会感受到诗人情感的深厚。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“无论谁”,应用whoever,句首单词首字母应大写。故填Whoever。 10.Why　句意:约翰为什么上课迟到仍不清楚。分析句子结构可知,“　　　 John was late for the class”为主语从句,结合语境可知,从句中缺少原因状语。句首单词首字母应大写。故填Why。  11.That　句意:足球是一项玩起来如此简单的运动,这也许是它受欢迎的基础。分析句子结构可知,“　　　 football is such a simple game to play”是主语从句,该从句结构和意义都完整,不缺少成分,只需要一个起连接作用的词,所以应用that,句首单词首字母应大写。故填That。  12. What/Who　句意:什么/谁造成了事故依然不明。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,且在主语从句中作主语,结合语境可知,设空处指物或指人均可,所以用连接代词what或who均可,设空处位于句首,单词首字母应大写。故填What或Who。 13.When/Where　句意:英语之夜何时/在哪里举行还没有决定。分析句子可知,“　　　 the English evening will be held”为主语从句,结合语境可知,主语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,句首单词首字母应大写,故填When或Where。  14.Which　句意:他将去该国的哪个地区旅行需要讨论。分析句子结构可知,“　　　 part of the country he will travel to”是主语从句,设空处在从句中作定语,表示“哪一个”,句首单词首字母应大写。故填Which。  五、阅读理解 A (2025江苏无锡名校联考) 　　The idiom “shoot for the stars” has just taken on a literal meaning for cancer survivor Hayley Arceneaux from Memphis, Tennessee. On February 22, 29-year-old Hayley was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4—the world's first civilian astronaut mission. 　　Two decades ago, Hayley happened to go to NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas with her family. “I got to see where the astronauts received training and I wanted to be an astronaut after that,” she recalled. 　　However, the young girl's dream was derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, the expert at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis stopped its spread by replacing the diseased bones in the left leg with metal rods. Learning her dream of becoming an astronaut would probably never be realized, the young girl decided to work with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured. 　　As it turned out, Hayley's dream of going to space was far from over. On January 5, she got a surprise call from Jared Isaacman, founder of Shift4 Payments, seriously asking her if she'd like to go to space. “I immediately said, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’” Arceneaux said. 　　When SpaceX announced the world's first all-commercial astronaut mission, the 37-year-old billionaire instantly booked all four seats available. To make the journey more meaningful, Isaacman announced he'd donate three seats to members of the general public. 　　Hayley, the first crew member to be announced, represents “hope”—a nod to her survival of cancer and frontline work at St. Jude. The second passenger, representing “generosity”, will be chosen randomly from a fundraiser sweepstake(抽奖) meant to raise $200 million for the cancer hospital, which treats children at no charge. The last seat, representing “prosperity”, will be given to an entrepreneur who wins the competition that requires participants to set up an e-commerce site using a Shift4 Payments platform. 　　While Hayley is set to be the first person with a disability to go to space, she won't be the last. 1.What inspired Hayley to dream of being an astronaut? A.Her fight against cancer.　　　 B.Volunteering at a hospital. C.Her visit to a space center.　　　 D.The 2-year special training. 2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A.Hayley got a heavy blow.　　　 B.Hayley worked as a volunteer. C.Hayley is a strong-willed person.　 D.Hayley quit her dream completely. 3.How did Hayley respond to the request from Jared Isaacman's call? A.She agreed without hesitation.　　　B.She said her dream had been over. C.She didn't take it seriously at first.　 D.She had no choice but to refuse. 4.Why would Jared Isaacman donate the seat representing “generosity” to a member of the general public? A.To promote his company's products. B.To raise funds for a cancer hospital. C.To inspire interest in space travel.　 D.To seek help for disabled children. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了来自孟菲斯的癌症幸存者Hayley Arceneaux被选为SpaceX Inspiration4任务(世界首次平民宇航员任务)的四名机组人员之一,即将实现她的太空梦。通过此次任务Hayley将成为首位进入太空的残疾人,但她不会是最后一位。 【高频词汇】　1.take on呈现;开始具有　2.select v.挑选,选择,选拔　3.recall v.回忆道;记起　4.spread n.扩展,蔓延　5.replace v.(用……)替换;代替　6.available adj.可获得的　7.represent v.代表 【熟词生义】　book熟义:n.书籍　生义:v.预订 【差距词汇】　derail v.打乱(原定计划);脱轨 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中Hayley Arceneaux 回忆的内容“I got to see where the astronauts received training and I wanted to be an astronaut after that”可知,Hayley参观NASA的约翰逊航天中心的经历激发了她想当宇航员的梦想。故选C。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,尽管Hayley年幼时患癌,并切除骨头安装假肢,但她没有被打倒,而是选择在医院里帮助其他的癌症患者。由此推测,她是一个意志坚强的人。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后Hayley 回答的内容“Immediately I said, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’”可知,Hayley毫不犹豫地同意了Jared Isaacman的邀请。故选A。 4.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The second passenger, representing ‘generosity’, will be chosen randomly from a fundraiser sweepstake meant to raise $200 million for the cancer hospital, which treats children at no charge.”可知,第二位乘客代表“慷慨”,将从筹集资金的抽奖中随机选出,该筹集活动打算为这家免费治疗儿童癌症的医院筹集2亿美元。由此可推测,Jared Isaacman将代表“慷慨”的座位捐给公众是为了给一家癌症医院筹集资金。故选B。 B (2024湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考) 　　The American astronaut Mae Jemison was only a little girl back in the 1960s. But she was old enough to know there was something strange about the Apollo astronauts as she watched them go into space on TV: They were all men—no women could be seen. 　　“That was the most absurd thing in the world,” Jemison, now an astronaut herself, once told The Atlantic. “I just thought, would aliens actually think this is all there is to humanity?” 　　Fortunately, the past several decades has seen the world becoming a less “absurd” place. From NASA's first astronaut class in 1959, which was all-male, to its class in 2013, in which half of the eight members were women, we can see how things are changing. 　　And on March 29, 2019 another history was about to be made when an all-female team—Anne McClain and Christina Koch—was scheduled to make an “all-female spacewalk” since all previous spacewalks were done with at least one male astronaut. 　　But that plan was eventually cancelled, due to “spacesuit availability”, which means NASA doesn't have two suits that fit women. The world is still pretty “absurd” after all. 　　In fact, tests have long proved that women are not at all less competent than men when it comes to space tasks. But apparently, test results are not enough to fight off the world's long-existing bias against women. According to Atlas Obscura, female astronauts were sometimes asked sexist questions during news conferences—examples include how they would live for a week without makeup, or how they could leave their children behind to go on space missions—when male astronauts were never bothered by such questions. 　　Hopefully—give it another few decades—we'll be able to see the world that's fully grown out of its absurdity in terms of gender equality. And hopefully, when aliens do come to visit one of our space stations, they'll see humanity in the way it should be. 1.How did Jemison probably feel when she watched the Apollo astronauts as a kid? A.Angry.　　 B.Excited.　　 C.Surprised.　　 D.Bored. 2.What event shows the continuous existence of absurdity according to the author? A.The cancellation of the first all-female spacewalk. B.NASA's astronaut class that was organized in 2013. C.People's disagreement on the all-female spacewalk. D.The unwillingness to produce enough suits that fit women. 3.What does the author want to explain with the report of Atlas Obscura? A.Negative opinions about women.　　　 B.The dislike for female astronauts. C.Women's ability in space missions.　　　 D.The preference for male astronauts. 4.What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To encourage people to be astronauts. B.To show his love for female astronauts. C.To encourage people to support females. D.To express his support for female astronauts. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。很长时间以来,宇航员都被认为是男性的专属职业。随着时代的不断进步,宇航员队伍中出现了越来越多女性的身影,但距离太空中的男女平等,我们还有很长的一段路要走。 【高频词汇】　1.schedule v.安排,预定　2.previous adj.以前的,先前的　3.eventually adv.最终;终于　4.after all终究;毕竟　5.competent adj.有能力的,能胜任的;合格的　6.apparently adv.显然　7.fight off击退; 抵抗 8.in terms of...在……方面;谈及……;就……而言 【差距词汇】　1.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的→absurdity n.荒谬;荒唐　2.bias n.偏见;偏心 1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But she was old enough to know there was something strange...”可知,Jemison看到电视上阿波罗计划的宇航员都是男性而没有女性时,她觉得很奇怪。由此可推断,她感到诧异。A项“生气的”;B项“兴奋的”;C项“诧异的”;D项“无聊的”。故选C。 26.A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知,因为没有两套适合女性的宇航服,所以本该由Anne McClain和Christina Koch进行的“全女性太空行走”计划被取消了。由此可知,在航天领域荒谬(性别歧视问题)依然存在。故选A。 3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知,实际上,测试早就证明在执行太空任务方面,女性的能力一点也不比男性差,但是很明显测试结果并不足以消除世界上长期存在的对女性的偏见。因此,作者提到这个报道是想说明对女性宇航员的歧视和不喜欢依旧存在,故选B。 4.D　推理判断题。文章前六段通过事例和报道说明在航天领域性别歧视问题依然存在,很多人对女性宇航员依旧持不认可和不喜欢的态度;结合最后一段可知,作者希望再有几十年,我们能够看到这个世界在性别平等问题上不再荒谬。由此可推断,作者写这篇文章是为了表达对女性宇航员的支持。故选D。 六、七选五 （25-26高二上·福建莆田·期中）Changing values, digital technologies, and environmental consciousness are shaping the future of residential (住宅的) architecture. The future of housing requires us to redefine how we live, how we occupy space and move in response to global challenges. 1 . Sustainability at the Core 2 . Residential designs of the future must incorporate energy efficient solutions and reduce carbon footprint. This will be driven by passive house principles, renewable energy, and local sustainability. Making the most of natural light, airflow, and insulation (隔热) results in energy consumption and greater comfort. 3 Future homes will feature seamlessly (无缝地) integrated technology to provide everything from automated lighting and climate control to security and energy management. 4 . Equipped with voice-controlled devices and AI-driven systems, houses will become smarter. Community-Oriented Living 5 . Future residential architecture encourages a sense of community while providing privacy. Shared green spaces, communal kitchens and co-working areas will become more common, especially in urban developments. A．Smart Home Integration B．Flexible, Multi-Functional Spaces C．Being sustainable has become more a norm than a trend D．As urbanization increases, there’s a growing trend toward shared and co-living spaces E．Residents need spaces to concentrate and work productively F．All of them anticipate the habits and preferences of residents G．Some trends will define the future of residential architecture 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了价值观转变、数字技术和环境意识如何塑造住宅建筑的未来。 1．上文“Changing values, digital technologies, and environmental consciousness are shaping the future of residential (住宅的) architecture. The future of housing requires us to redefine how we live, how we occupy space and move in response to global challenges. (不断变化的价值观、数字技术和环境意识正在塑造住宅建筑的未来。未来的住房需要我们重新定义我们的生活方式、空间占用和移动方式，以应对全球挑战)”引出了住宅建筑未来的背景，选项G“一些趋势将定义住宅建筑的未来)”在此基础上引出下文对具体趋势的阐述，起到总领下文的作用。故选G。 2．本段小标题是“Sustainability at the Core (以可持续性为核心)”，选项C“可持续发展已成为一种常态而非趋势)”紧扣该主题，引出后文“Residential designs of the future must incorporate energy-efficient solutions and reduce carbon footprint. (未来的住宅设计必须纳入能效解决方案并减少碳足迹)”关于可持续住宅设计的具体内容。故选C。 3．下文“Future homes will feature seamlessly (无缝地) integrated technology to provide everything from automated lighting and climate control to security and energy management. (未来的家庭将采用无缝集成技术，提供从自动化照明和气候控制到安全和能源管理的一切)”以及“Equipped with voice-controlled devices and AI-driven systems, houses will become smarter. (配备语音控制设备和人工智能驱动的系统，房屋将变得更智能)”围绕家居技术整合展开，选项A“智能家居整合”准确概括了段落主题。此外，选项里的Integration是“seamlessly (无缝地) integrated technology”的复现，选项里的Smart Home是“houses will become smarter”的复现。故选A。 4．上文“Future homes will feature seamlessly (无缝地) integrated technology to provide everything from automated lighting and climate control to security and energy management. (未来的家庭将采用无缝集成技术，提供从自动化照明和气候控制到安全和能源管理的一切)”介绍了智能家居的功能，选项F“所有这些都预见到了居民的习惯和偏好)”是对这些功能作用的补充说明，解释了智能家居如何适配居民需求。故选F。 5．本段小标题是“Community-Oriented Living (社区导向型生活)”，选项D“随着城市化的发展，共享和共居空间的趋势日益增长”契合该主题，引出后文“Future residential architecture encourages a sense of community while providing privacy. Shared green spaces, communal kitchens and co-working areas will become more common (未来的住宅建筑在提供隐私的同时鼓励社区意识……共享绿地、公共厨房和联合办公区将变得更加普遍……)”关于社区共享空间的内容。故选D。 七、完形填空 （22-23高二上·江苏盐城·期中）Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn’t it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 1 in zero gravity. However, without 2 , there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do, and that’s very 3 . What’s worse, they can’t even let their sadness show — because it’s impossible to 4 in zero gravity. Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 5 environment, tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes. This 6 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just 7 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel 8 this during one of his spacewalks. Besides making your 9 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 10 to the eyes. But that’s not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy,” Feustel told his teammate during the walk. Since gravity doesn’t work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 11 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “When the tears get big enough they 12 break free of the eye and float around,” astronaut Ron Parise said. In space, astronauts can’t eat or drink in 13 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 14 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 15 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you’re the best.” 1．A．leaping B．floating C．eating D．talking 2．A．gravity B．doubt C．aid D．effort 3．A．risky B．lifelike C．sad D．unfortunate 4．A．foresee B．view C．pray D．cry 5．A．dangerous B．extreme C．stable D．weightless 6．A．expects B．means C．demands D．shows 7．A．meet B．develop C．stay D．leave 8．A．witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered 9．A．mind B．vision C．sense D．idea 10．A．peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort 11．A．chose B．decided C．stopped D．hesitated 12．A．fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply 13．A．regular B．normal C．particular D．rational 14．A．out B．off C．down D．up 15．A．give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有重力的情况下，宇航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。如在太空中哭泣要难得多。由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。眼泪要么留在眼眶里让人视觉模糊，感觉非常痛苦，要么只能等待它自行飘散。在太空中，宇航员也不能正常饮食。对他们来说，地心引力才是最棒的。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中，他们可以做一些非常神奇的事情，比如在失重状态下漂浮。A. leaping跳跃；B. floating漂浮；C. eating吃；D. talking谈话。根据上文“some pretty amazing things”及下文中“in zero gravity”可知，在太空可以在失重状态下漂浮，这是很神奇的。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A. gravity地球引力；B. doubt怀疑；C. aid援助；D. effort努力。根据上文“like　　1　　 in zero gravity.”和however可知，此处指没有地心引力。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A. risky危险的；B. lifelike逼真的；C. sad悲伤的；D. unfortunate不幸的。根据上文“However, without　　2　　, there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do,”可知, 在没有地心引力的情况下，宇航员不能做很多事情，这是令人很伤感的。sad“让人难过的”， 符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他们甚至不能表现出他们的悲伤——因为在失重状态下是不可能哭的。A. foresee预见；B. view观察；C. pray祈祷；D. cry哭泣。根据上文“let their sadness show”和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知，此处指他们不能哭泣。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。A. dangerous危险的；B. extreme极端的；C. stable稳定的；D. weightless失重的。根据上文“in zero gravity.”及常识可知，在太空中没有重力。weightless“失重的”，符合语境。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A. expects预期；B. means意味着；C. demands需求；D. shows展示。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes.”可知，太空中眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流，这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A. meet遇见；B. develop发展；C. stay停留；D. leave离开。根据上文“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在一次太空行走中经历了这一过程。A. witnessed目击；B. acknowledged承认；C. experienced经历；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“My right eye is 12 like crazy”可知 2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience“经历”，符合语境。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了使你的视觉模糊，这也会导致身体疼痛。A. mind思维；B. vision视力；C. sense感觉；D. idea想法。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes”和“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中。由此可知，当眼中含泪时，视觉会模糊。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上，眼泪应该给眼睛带来舒适。A. peace和平；B. disaster灾难；C. stress压力；D. comfort舒适。根据上文“this can also cause physical pain”及下文“But that’s not the case in space.”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比。结合常识可知，在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感觉舒适。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Feustel选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。A. chose选择；B. decided决定；C. stopped停止；D. hesitated犹豫。根据下文中“Another choice is to just wait”中的choice可知，此处表示选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。故选A。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意： “当眼泪大到一定程度时，它们只是挣脱了眼睛，四处漂浮，”宇航员Ron Parise说。A. fluently流利地；B. exactly恰好地；C. efficiently有效地；D. simply仅仅。根据空后“break free of the eye and float around”可知，此处应用simply，表示强调, 意为“仅仅, 只不过”。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 在太空中，宇航员不能正常饮食。A. regular定期的；B. normal正常的；C. particular特别的；D. rational合理的。根据下文“Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food　　14　　 in their stomach.”可知，此处指在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal“正常的”。故选B。 14．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至不能打嗝，因为没有重力把食物压在胃里。A. out从……里面出去；B. off离开；C. down往下；D. up向（较高位置）。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes.”可知，与流眼泪相似，吃食物时太空中也没有重力把食物压在胃里。结合语境可知，此处应用down。故选C。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果他们打嗝，他们只会把肚子里的东西都吐出来。A. give up放弃；B. end up(以……)结束；C. put off推迟；D. feel like想。根据上文“They can’t even burp (打嗝)”及下文“throwing up everything in their stomach.”可知，此处表示打嗝造成的结果，end up doing sth.“以……而告终”，符合语境。故选B。 八、语法填空 A (2025福建莆田第四中学月考) Fifty-five years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1, and started 　1　 new chapter in space exploration. 2　 (mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country's planetary exploration program on April 24, 2020. Tianwen got its name from a long poem “Tianwen” 　3　(write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions 　4　(concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts about traditional ideas 　5　 his constant pursuit(追求) of truths. So far, China 　6　(make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites 　7　(independent). Over the past few years, China's 　8　(mission), including the Shenzhou and Chang'e series, have been designed to explore outer space and expand mankind's understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, 　9　 represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space. With the name's deep roots in traditional Chinese culture, Tianwen demonstrates the 　10　(determine) and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space.  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索方面的历史发展以及成功发射“天问”系列的意义。 【高频词汇】　1.launch v.发射　2.remarkable adj.非凡的,显著的　3.independent adj.独立的　4.expand v.扩大,增加　5.demonstrate v.表达,展现;证明 【差距词汇】　1.anniversary n.周年纪念日　2.planetary adj.行星的　3.perseverance n.毅力 1.a　考查不定冠词。chapter是可数名词,其前无限定词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,new的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 2.To mark　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填To mark。 3.written　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语got,故推测此处应用非谓语动词,poem “Tianwen”与write之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。 4.concerning　考查介词。分析句子可知,此处表示“关于”,应用介词concerning。 5.and　考查连词。分析句子可知,“his doubts about traditional ideas”和“his constant pursuit of truths”之间是并列关系,所以应用并列连词and连接。 6.has made　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,主语China与make之间是主动关系;根据时间状语So far可知,句子应用现在完成时;主语China是第三人称单数。故填has made。 7.independently　考查副词。此处修饰动词launch,应用副词作状语。故填independently。 8.missions　考查名词复数。设空处作主语,根据谓语have been designed可知主语为复数意义,应用名词复数形式。故填missions。 9.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,设空处在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词which。 10.determination　考查名词。分析句子可知,设空处与名词perseverance并列,都作demonstrates的宾语,也应用名词。故填determination。 B (2025浙江杭州西湖区期末) 　　Wang Zhenyi is a Qing Dynasty astronomer 　1　 one of the greatest female scientists in Chinese history. Born in 1768, when traditional customs in China prevented girls from 　2　(get) a formal education, she was 　3　(luck) to grow in a family of scholars who encouraged her and 　4　(support) her learning.  　　In ancient China, lunar eclipses(月食) 　5　(consider) to be mysterious, beautiful and something beyond our grasp. Wang was famous 　6　 creating a model to explain lunar eclipses, which she was especially interested in. She used a lamp, a mirror and a round table altogether 　7　(represent) the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. By moving the three 　8　(object), she was able to show that a lunar eclipse happened when the Moon passed 　9　(direct) behind the Earth and moved into its shadow. Her article “The Explanation of a Lunar Eclipse” is still considered highly accurate for its time.  　　In 1994, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on Venus after her, to honor the woman beyond time and space. It was 　10　 people like Wang Zhenyi did that increased our curiosity about the universe.  语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了清代著名女天文学家王贞仪的生平及其贡献。 【高频词汇】　1.prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事　2.support v.支持　3.mysterious adj.神秘的 4.explain v.解释　5.shadow n.阴影,影子　6.accurate adj.精确的;准确的 【熟词生义】　name熟义:n.名字　生义:v.命名 【差距词汇】　crater n.(由炸弹爆炸或巨物撞击形成的)坑 1.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,设空处前后是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。 2.getting　考查动名词。prevent sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”,介词from后应用动名词作宾语。故填getting。 3.lucky　考查形容词。设空处作表语,be lucky to do sth.意为“幸运地做某事”,符合语境。故填lucky。 4.supported　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,在who引导的定语从句中and连接两个并列的谓语,根据前面的encouraged可知,设空处也应用一般过去时。故填supported。 5.were considered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In ancient China可知,此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。动词consider与主语lunar eclipses之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。主语为复数名词,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were considered。 6.for　考查固定搭配。be famous for...意为“因……而闻名”。故填for。 7.to represent　考查动词不定式。use sth.to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”,为固定用法。故填to represent。 8.objects　考查名词复数。根据空前的moving the three可知,设空处应用名词复数作宾语。故填objects。 9.directly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词passed,应用副词。故填directly。 10.what　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处所在句是强调句句型“It was+被强调部分+that+其他”,其中被强调部分是主语从句“　10　 people like Wang Zhenyi did”,从句中缺少did的宾语,指事情,应用连接代词what。  九、书面表达 假如现在是2050年，你刚参加过学校组织的一次火星旅游，请根据提示写一篇短文。要点如下： 1.出行方式及路线(乘航天飞机到达太空站再到达火星)； 2.所见所闻，如外星人(alien)； 3.你的感受。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】　 It is 2050.Our school organized a trip from the Earth to Mars. Firstly，we reached a space station by spacecraft after a one-day journey from Earth.After a short break and then two hours later，we landed on Mars.The aliens on Mars are very kind and friendly，and what surprised us was that they spoke English much better than us.And They told us they could speak many languages fluently.There are lots of other amazing things.We even came across a talking stone.The living environment of aliens is really comfortable.This is much better than we thought. What a wonderful journey! 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $