Unit 6 Living with nature（复习讲义）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

Unit 6 Living with nature （复习讲义) 类别 核心内容 单词 1. nature n. 自然；大自然 2. relationship n. 关系；联系 3. resource n. 资源；物力 4. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 5. wisdom n. 智慧；明智 6. calendar n. 日历；历法 7. energy n. 能量；能源 8. panel n. 面板；平板 9. desert n. 沙漠；荒漠 10. survive v. 生存；存活 11. climate n. 气候 12. rainfall n. 降雨量 13. shortage n. 短缺；缺乏 14. canal n. 运河；水道 15. well n. 井；水井 16. underground adj. 地下的；adv. 在地下 17. ancient adj. 古代的；古老的 18. respect v. & n. 尊重；敬重 19. harmony n. 和谐；融洽 20. guide v. 指导；引导；n. 指南；向导 短语 1. live in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处 2. by farming 以务农为生 3. follow the laws of nature 遵循自然规律 4. take an interest in 对…… 感兴趣 5. be known as 被称为；被认为是 6. bear meaning 承载意义 7. charge a phone 给手机充电 8. power sth. 为…… 提供动力 9. lie in 在于；存在于 10. thanks to 由于；多亏 11. carry into the future 传承到未来 12. in mid-summer 在仲夏 13. water shortage 水资源短缺 14. hand tools 手工工具 15. solar energy 太阳能 句型 1. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to the villagers in the countryside. 2. They help people understand why nature works this way. 3. I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 4. Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. 5. By respecting nature, we can benefit from it and live in harmony. 语法 由 what, where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句（连接词在从句中作相应的状语或宾语，从句用陈述语序） 写作 1. 描述人类与自然和谐共处的例子； 2. 撰写关于利用自然资源或遵循自然规律的短文； 3. 制作关于人与自然和谐共生的幻灯片演示文稿 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点 1：We have a very close relationship with nature.（教材 P82） 我们与自然有着非常密切的关系。 ① relationship n. 关系；联系，常用搭配 have a close relationship with sb./sth.（与某人 / 某物有密切关系） 例：Humans should maintain a harmonious relationship with nature.（人类应该与自然保持和谐的关系。） ② nature n. 自然；大自然，为不可数名词，前面通常不加冠词 例：We should protect nature and love all living things.（我们应该保护自然，爱护所有生物。） 知识点 2：Most of the villagers there lived by farming.（教材 P84） 那里的大多数村民以务农为生。 ① by farming 固定搭配，意为 “以务农为生”，by 后接动名词，表方式或手段 例：His grandparents have lived by fishing for over 50 years.（他的祖父母以捕鱼为生已经超过 50 年了。） ② farm v. 耕种；务农，其名词形式为 farmer（农民）、farming（农业；耕种） 例：They farm rice and wheat in their hometown.（他们在家乡种植水稻和小麦。） 知识点 3：The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives.（教材 P84） 节气的变化指导着他们的农耕活动和日常生活。 ① guide v. 指导；引导，常用搭配 guide sb./sth.（指导某人 / 某物），guide sb. to do sth.（指导某人做某事） 例：The teacher guided the students to finish the experiment.（老师指导学生们完成了实验。） ② daily lives 固定短语，意为 “日常生活”，同义表达为 daily life（不可数） 例：Computers have become an important part of our daily lives.（电脑已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。） 知识点 4：I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin.（教材 P84） 当一个新的节气即将开始时，我总是感到很兴奋。 ① be set to do sth. 固定短语，意为 “即将做某事；准备做某事” 例：The project is set to start next month.（这个项目即将在下个月启动。） ② term n. 此处指 “节气”，特指二十四节气中的每个节气，为可数名词 例：Start of Spring is the first term of the 24 Solar Terms.（立春是二十四节气中的第一个节气。） 知识点 5：I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.（教材 P85） 我不知道这些画会变得多么受欢迎。 ① 语法：how 引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语序（连接词 + 主语 + 谓语） 例：She asked me how I solved the difficult problem.（她问我是如何解决这个难题的。） ② popular adj. 受欢迎的；流行的，常用搭配 be popular with sb.（受某人欢迎） 例：The singer is very popular with young people.（这位歌手很受年轻人的欢迎。） 知识点 6：The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China".（教材 P85） 二十四节气被誉为 “中国第五大发明”。 ① be known as 固定短语，意为 “被称为；被认为是”，强调身份或称号 例：Einstein is known as one of the greatest scientists in the world.（爱因斯坦被称为世界上最伟大的科学家之一。） ② invention n. 发明；创造，其动词形式为 invent（发明；创造） 例：The invention of the Internet has changed people's lives greatly.（互联网的发明极大地改变了人们的生活。） 知识点 7：Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too.（教材 P85） 二十四节气中的许多节气也承载着社会和文化意义。 ① bear v. 承载；具有；忍受，过去式为 bore，过去分词为 borne，此处意为 “承载（意义）” 例：This ancient building bears rich historical meanings.（这座古老的建筑承载着丰富的历史意义。） ② cultural adj. 文化的，其名词形式为 culture（文化） 例：We should learn to respect different cultural traditions.（我们应该学会尊重不同的文化传统。） 知识点 8：They carefully checked what the water looked like and used different words like "energetic" or "dangerous".（教材 P87） 他们仔细观察海水的状态，并使用 “湍急的” 或 “危险的” 等不同的词语来描述。 ① 语法：what 引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，what 在从句中作宾语补足语 例：I can't imagine what his new house looks like.（我无法想象他的新房子是什么样子的。） ② check v. 检查；查看；观察，常用搭配 check sth.（检查某物），check out（核实；查明） 例：Before leaving, please check if all the windows are closed.（离开前，请检查所有窗户是否都关好了。） 知识点 9：The sun was our first energy source, giving us light and heat.（教材 P88） 太阳是我们最初的能源，为我们提供光和热。 ① energy source 固定短语，意为 “能源” 例：Solar energy and wind energy are clean energy sources.（太阳能和风能是清洁能源。） ② 现在分词短语 giving us light and heat 作伴随状语，表主动和伴随 例：The girl stood there, smiling at us.（那个女孩站在那里，对我们微笑。） 知识点 10：They can charge their phone using the sun.（教材 P89） 他们可以利用太阳给手机充电。 ① charge v. 充电；收费；指责，此处意为 “给（设备）充电”，常用搭配 charge sth.（给某物充电），charge sb. for sth.（因某物向某人收费） 例：I need to charge my phone before going out.（我出门前需要给手机充电。） ② using the sun 为现在分词短语作方式状语，表 “通过…… 方式” 例：He makes a living by selling vegetables.（他靠卖蔬菜为生。） 知识点 11：It looks like a shining carpet in the desert.（教材 P90） 它在沙漠中看起来像一块闪亮的地毯。 ① shining adj. 闪亮的；发光的，为 shine 的现在分词形式作定语 例：The stars are shining brightly in the sky tonight.（今晚天空中的星星闪闪发光。） ② look like 固定短语，意为 “看起来像”，后接名词、代词或从句 例：That cloud looks like a big dog.（那朵云看起来像一只大狗。） 知识点 12：It can power more than 300,000 homes every year.（教材 P90） 它每年能为超过 30 万个家庭供电。 ① power v. 为…… 提供动力；供电，其名词形式为 power（电力；能量） 例：The factory is powered by wind energy.（这家工厂靠风能供电。） ② more than 固定短语，意为 “超过；多于”，同义表达为 over 例：More than 200 students took part in the competition.（超过 200 名学生参加了这次比赛。） 知识点 13：How do people survive in such a terrible climate?（教材 P92） 人们如何在如此恶劣的气候中生存？ ① survive v. 生存；存活，常用搭配 survive in（在…… 中生存），survive from（从…… 中存活） 例：Few animals can survive in the cold desert at night.（很少有动物能在寒冷的沙漠夜晚存活。） ② terrible adj. 可怕的；恶劣的，修饰名词作定语或作表语 例：The terrible storm destroyed many houses in the village.（可怕的暴风雨摧毁了村里的许多房屋。） 知识点 14：The secret lies in the ancient karez system.（教材 P92） 秘诀在于古老的坎儿井系统。 ① lie in 固定短语，意为 “在于；存在于”，lie 的过去式为 lay，过去分词为 lain 例：The success of the project lies in teamwork.（这个项目的成功在于团队合作。） ② ancient adj. 古代的；古老的，常用搭配 ancient culture（古代文化），ancient buildings（古建筑） 例：There are many ancient ruins in this city.（这座城市有许多古代遗迹。） 知识点 15：Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.（教材 P93） 多亏了坎儿井系统，人们才能在这种恶劣的环境中种植农作物获取食物。 ① thanks to 固定短语，意为 “由于；多亏”，后接名词、代词或动名词短语 例：Thanks to his careful preparation, the exam went well.（多亏了他的精心准备，考试进行得很顺利。） ② grow plants 固定短语，意为 “种植植物；种植农作物” 例：Farmers grow different kinds of plants according to the seasons.（农民们根据季节种植不同种类的农作物。） 知识点 16：Today, the area faces a water shortage.（教材 P93） 如今，该地区面临着水资源短缺的问题。 ① water shortage 固定短语，意为 “水资源短缺”，shortage n. 短缺；缺乏，常用搭配 a shortage of sth.（某物短缺） 例：The country is suffering from a serious water shortage.（这个国家正遭受严重的水资源短缺。） ② face v. 面临；面对，常用搭配 face sth.（面临某物），face up to（勇敢面对） 例：We must face the challenges bravely.（我们必须勇敢地面对挑战。） 知识点 17：More and more young people are taking action to protect it.（教材 P93） 越来越多的年轻人正在采取行动保护它。 ① take action 固定短语，意为 “采取行动”，action 为不可数名词，也可表达为 take actions（强调具体行动） 例：We should take immediate action to protect the environment.（我们应该立即采取行动保护环境。） ② 动词不定式短语 to protect it 作目的状语，表 “为了……” 例：She studies hard to get good grades.（她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。） 单元语法：由 what, where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句 1. 句型结构 1) 基本结构：主句 + 连接词（what/where/how/why/when） + 宾语从句（主语 + 谓语 + 其他） 2) 否定转移：当主句的谓语动词为 think, believe, suppose 等时，否定常转移到主句 例：I don't think he knows where the karez system is.（我认为他不知道坎儿井系统在哪里。） 2. 核心用法 1) what：在从句中作主语、宾语或宾语补足语，表 “什么；…… 的样子” 例：She asked me what I wanted for my birthday.（她问我生日想要什么。） 2) where：在从句中作地点状语，表 “在哪里；到哪里” 例：No one knows where the ancient city is hidden.（没有人知道这座古城藏在哪里。） 3) how：在从句中作方式或程度状语，表 “如何；多么” 例：He explained how we could use solar energy.（他解释了我们如何利用太阳能。） 4) why：在从句中作原因状语，表 “为什么” 例：I wonder why he didn't come to the meeting.（我想知道他为什么没来开会。） 5) when：在从句中作时间状语，表 “什么时候” 例：Can you tell me when the next term begins?（你能告诉我下学期什么时候开始吗？） 3. 易错点提醒 1) 从句必须用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序 错误：Do you know where is the nearest hospital? 正确：Do you know where the nearest hospital is? 2) 连接词在从句中充当相应成分，不可省略 3) 主句为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外） 例：He said he would visit the solar park the next day.（他说他第二天要去参观太阳能公园。） 单元写作：人与自然和谐共生 写作主题:本单元围绕 “与自然共处” 展开，要求学生运用所学词汇、语法及句式，描述人类遵循自然规律、利用自然资源或与自然和谐共处的例子，阐述保护自然、尊重自然的重要性。主要写作维度有：1）自然与人类的密切关系；2）人类利用自然、遵循自然规律的实例；3）保护自然的具体行动与意义；4）人与自然和谐共生的价值。 中考命题角度:描述二十四节气与人类生活的关系；介绍一种利用自然资源的方式；阐述坎儿井等古代工程的价值；提出人与自然和谐共处的建议等。 写作框架 高分词汇与句型 1. 词汇：nature, harmony, resource, solar energy, wisdom, ancient, survive, climate, protect, respect, guide, benefit 2. 句型： 1) Humans have a close relationship with nature and should live in harmony with it. 2) Thanks to the ancient wisdom and projects, we can make good use of nature and survive in difficult environments. 3) By following the laws of nature, we can not only get what we need but also protect the environment. 4) It is everyone's responsibility to protect nature and pass on the wisdom of living with nature. （时间：30 分钟，满分：50 分） 一、单词拼写（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. We should try our best to protect the environment and live in ______ (和谐) with nature. 2. Solar ______ (能源) is a kind of clean and renewable energy. 3. The 24 Solar Terms are full of ancient Chinese ______ (智慧). 4. People in Turpan built the ______ (坎儿井) system to solve the water problem. 5. The ______ (气候) in the desert is very terrible—hot in the day and cold at night. 6. There is a serious ______ (短缺) of fresh water in some African countries. 7. The old man has lived by ______ (耕种) all his life. 8. The ______ (关系) between humans and nature is very close. 9. Many ______ (古代的) buildings have been well preserved in this city. 10. We should ______ (尊重) nature and follow its laws. 二、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. Most villagers in the countryside live ______ farming. A. by B. with C. in D. for 2. The 24 Solar Terms ______ known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. I don't know ______ popular the 24 Solar Terms are among young people. A. what B. where C. how D. why 4. Thanks ______ the karez system, people in Turpan can grow crops in the desert. A. for B. to C. with D. of 5. The sun ______ us light and heat, which is important for all living things. A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. will give 6. Can you tell me ______ the next term of the 24 Solar Terms begins? A. when B. what C. how D. where 7. People in Turpan built the karez system ______ hand tools. A. in B. with C. by D. through 8. The solar panels can ______ the houses with electricity. A. charge B. power C. give D. provide 9. We should take action ______ protect nature and its resources. A. to B. for C. of D. with 10. The secret of surviving in the desert ______ in making good use of water. A. lies B. lives C. stays D. keeps 三、完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 人类应该与自然和谐共处。(live in harmony with) Humans should ______ ______ ______ ______ nature. 2. 我不知道他为什么对二十四节气感兴趣。(be interested in) I don't know ______ he ______ ______ ______ the 24 Solar Terms. 3. 多亏了太阳能电池板，这个村庄才有了电。(solar panels) ______ ______ the ______ ______, the village has electricity. 4. 坎儿井系统帮助人们在沙漠中生存。(survive in) The karez system helps people ______ ______ the desert. 5. 她问我如何使用太阳能给手机充电。(charge a phone) She asked me ______ ______ ______ a phone using solar energy. 四、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） The 24 Solar Terms: Wisdom from Nature The 24 Solar Terms is an ancient calendar system developed by Chinese people to guide farming activities. It is based on the changes of nature, such as the position of the sun, the temperature and the growth of plants. For thousands of years, it has been an important part of Chinese culture and daily life. The 24 Solar Terms starts with Start of Spring and ends with Major Cold. Each term lasts about 15 days. They reflect the changes of seasons, climate and natural phenomena. For example, Grain in Ear is a term when wheat is ripe and ready to be harvested. Minor Heat and Major Heat are the hottest periods of the year, while Minor Cold and Major Cold are the coldest. The 24 Solar Terms not only guides farming but also affects people's eating habits and health. On Start of Spring, many people eat spring pancakes to welcome the new season. On Start of Winter, dumplings are a popular food in northern China. People also adjust their daily activities according to the terms. For example, during Minor Heat, people try to stay cool and avoid overworking. Today, although fewer people are farmers, the 24 Solar Terms is still popular. Many young people are interested in it and share related paintings, poems and stories online. It has also been listed as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, showing the value of Chinese ancient wisdom to the world. The 24 Solar Terms is more than a calendar. It is a bridge between humans and nature, teaching us to respect and follow natural laws. As we face environmental challenges, this ancient wisdom can still guide us to live in harmony with nature. 1. Which of the following is NOT true about the 24 Solar Terms? A. It is based on natural changes. B. Each term lasts about half a month. C. It only affects farming activities. D. It has a history of thousands of years. 2. What does the underlined word "ripe" mean in Chinese? A. 播种 B. 生长 C. 成熟 D. 收割 3. Why is the 24 Solar Terms listed as an intangible cultural heritage? A. Because it is a calendar system. B. Because it shows Chinese ancient wisdom. C. Because it is popular among young people. D. Because it guides people's eating habits. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The 24 Solar Terms will disappear in the future. B. People no longer need the 24 Solar Terms today. C. The 24 Solar Terms can help us deal with environmental problems. D. Only Chinese people know about the 24 Solar Terms. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The 24 Solar Terms guides farming activities. B. The 24 Solar Terms is an important part of Chinese culture. C. The 24 Solar Terms reflects changes of nature. D. The 24 Solar Terms is still popular today. 五、语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） Nature is our greatest teacher. For thousands of years, humans 1. ______ (learn) to live in harmony with nature. The 24 Solar Terms is one of the greatest wisdoms from nature. It 2. ______ (guide) people's farming activities and daily lives for a long time. Many people wonder 3. ______ the 24 Solar Terms came from. It is based on the changes of the sun's position, temperature and other natural phenomena. Farmers know when 4. ______ (plant) and harvest crops according to the terms. For example, they plant seeds in Start of Spring and harvest wheat in Grain in Ear. Today, with the development of technology, fewer people 5. ______ (work) as farmers. However, the 24 Solar Terms is still important in our lives. Many young people 6. ______ (become) interested in it and share related content online. They want to know more about 7. ______ their ancestors lived with nature. Solar energy is another gift from nature. It is a clean and renewable energy source. People 8. ______ (use) solar panels to generate electricity and charge their devices. This not only saves natural resources but also protects the environment. We should always remember 9. ______ nature provides us with everything we need. We must respect nature, follow its laws and take action to protect it. Only in this way can we ensure that the wisdom of living with nature 10. ______ (carry) into the future. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Living with nature （复习讲义) 类别 核心内容 单词 1. nature n. 自然；大自然 2. relationship n. 关系；联系 3. resource n. 资源；物力 4. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 5. wisdom n. 智慧；明智 6. calendar n. 日历；历法 7. energy n. 能量；能源 8. panel n. 面板；平板 9. desert n. 沙漠；荒漠 10. survive v. 生存；存活 11. climate n. 气候 12. rainfall n. 降雨量 13. shortage n. 短缺；缺乏 14. canal n. 运河；水道 15. well n. 井；水井 16. underground adj. 地下的；adv. 在地下 17. ancient adj. 古代的；古老的 18. respect v. & n. 尊重；敬重 19. harmony n. 和谐；融洽 20. guide v. 指导；引导；n. 指南；向导 短语 1. live in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处 2. by farming 以务农为生 3. follow the laws of nature 遵循自然规律 4. take an interest in 对…… 感兴趣 5. be known as 被称为；被认为是 6. bear meaning 承载意义 7. charge a phone 给手机充电 8. power sth. 为…… 提供动力 9. lie in 在于；存在于 10. thanks to 由于；多亏 11. carry into the future 传承到未来 12. in mid-summer 在仲夏 13. water shortage 水资源短缺 14. hand tools 手工工具 15. solar energy 太阳能 句型 1. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to the villagers in the countryside. 2. They help people understand why nature works this way. 3. I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 4. Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. 5. By respecting nature, we can benefit from it and live in harmony. 语法 由 what, where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句（连接词在从句中作相应的状语或宾语，从句用陈述语序） 写作 1. 描述人类与自然和谐共处的例子； 2. 撰写关于利用自然资源或遵循自然规律的短文； 3. 制作关于人与自然和谐共生的幻灯片演示文稿 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点 1：We have a very close relationship with nature.（教材 P82） 我们与自然有着非常密切的关系。 ① relationship n. 关系；联系，常用搭配 have a close relationship with sb./sth.（与某人 / 某物有密切关系） 例：Humans should maintain a harmonious relationship with nature.（人类应该与自然保持和谐的关系。） ② nature n. 自然；大自然，为不可数名词，前面通常不加冠词 例：We should protect nature and love all living things.（我们应该保护自然，爱护所有生物。） 知识点 2：Most of the villagers there lived by farming.（教材 P84） 那里的大多数村民以务农为生。 ① by farming 固定搭配，意为 “以务农为生”，by 后接动名词，表方式或手段 例：His grandparents have lived by fishing for over 50 years.（他的祖父母以捕鱼为生已经超过 50 年了。） ② farm v. 耕种；务农，其名词形式为 farmer（农民）、farming（农业；耕种） 例：They farm rice and wheat in their hometown.（他们在家乡种植水稻和小麦。） 知识点 3：The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives.（教材 P84） 节气的变化指导着他们的农耕活动和日常生活。 ① guide v. 指导；引导，常用搭配 guide sb./sth.（指导某人 / 某物），guide sb. to do sth.（指导某人做某事） 例：The teacher guided the students to finish the experiment.（老师指导学生们完成了实验。） ② daily lives 固定短语，意为 “日常生活”，同义表达为 daily life（不可数） 例：Computers have become an important part of our daily lives.（电脑已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。） 知识点 4：I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin.（教材 P84） 当一个新的节气即将开始时，我总是感到很兴奋。 ① be set to do sth. 固定短语，意为 “即将做某事；准备做某事” 例：The project is set to start next month.（这个项目即将在下个月启动。） ② term n. 此处指 “节气”，特指二十四节气中的每个节气，为可数名词 例：Start of Spring is the first term of the 24 Solar Terms.（立春是二十四节气中的第一个节气。） 知识点 5：I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.（教材 P85） 我不知道这些画会变得多么受欢迎。 ① 语法：how 引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语序（连接词 + 主语 + 谓语） 例：She asked me how I solved the difficult problem.（她问我是如何解决这个难题的。） ② popular adj. 受欢迎的；流行的，常用搭配 be popular with sb.（受某人欢迎） 例：The singer is very popular with young people.（这位歌手很受年轻人的欢迎。） 知识点 6：The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China".（教材 P85） 二十四节气被誉为 “中国第五大发明”。 ① be known as 固定短语，意为 “被称为；被认为是”，强调身份或称号 例：Einstein is known as one of the greatest scientists in the world.（爱因斯坦被称为世界上最伟大的科学家之一。） ② invention n. 发明；创造，其动词形式为 invent（发明；创造） 例：The invention of the Internet has changed people's lives greatly.（互联网的发明极大地改变了人们的生活。） 知识点 7：Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too.（教材 P85） 二十四节气中的许多节气也承载着社会和文化意义。 ① bear v. 承载；具有；忍受，过去式为 bore，过去分词为 borne，此处意为 “承载（意义）” 例：This ancient building bears rich historical meanings.（这座古老的建筑承载着丰富的历史意义。） ② cultural adj. 文化的，其名词形式为 culture（文化） 例：We should learn to respect different cultural traditions.（我们应该学会尊重不同的文化传统。） 知识点 8：They carefully checked what the water looked like and used different words like "energetic" or "dangerous".（教材 P87） 他们仔细观察海水的状态，并使用 “湍急的” 或 “危险的” 等不同的词语来描述。 ① 语法：what 引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，what 在从句中作宾语补足语 例：I can't imagine what his new house looks like.（我无法想象他的新房子是什么样子的。） ② check v. 检查；查看；观察，常用搭配 check sth.（检查某物），check out（核实；查明） 例：Before leaving, please check if all the windows are closed.（离开前，请检查所有窗户是否都关好了。） 知识点 9：The sun was our first energy source, giving us light and heat.（教材 P88） 太阳是我们最初的能源，为我们提供光和热。 ① energy source 固定短语，意为 “能源” 例：Solar energy and wind energy are clean energy sources.（太阳能和风能是清洁能源。） ② 现在分词短语 giving us light and heat 作伴随状语，表主动和伴随 例：The girl stood there, smiling at us.（那个女孩站在那里，对我们微笑。） 知识点 10：They can charge their phone using the sun.（教材 P89） 他们可以利用太阳给手机充电。 ① charge v. 充电；收费；指责，此处意为 “给（设备）充电”，常用搭配 charge sth.（给某物充电），charge sb. for sth.（因某物向某人收费） 例：I need to charge my phone before going out.（我出门前需要给手机充电。） ② using the sun 为现在分词短语作方式状语，表 “通过…… 方式” 例：He makes a living by selling vegetables.（他靠卖蔬菜为生。） 知识点 11：It looks like a shining carpet in the desert.（教材 P90） 它在沙漠中看起来像一块闪亮的地毯。 ① shining adj. 闪亮的；发光的，为 shine 的现在分词形式作定语 例：The stars are shining brightly in the sky tonight.（今晚天空中的星星闪闪发光。） ② look like 固定短语，意为 “看起来像”，后接名词、代词或从句 例：That cloud looks like a big dog.（那朵云看起来像一只大狗。） 知识点 12：It can power more than 300,000 homes every year.（教材 P90） 它每年能为超过 30 万个家庭供电。 ① power v. 为…… 提供动力；供电，其名词形式为 power（电力；能量） 例：The factory is powered by wind energy.（这家工厂靠风能供电。） ② more than 固定短语，意为 “超过；多于”，同义表达为 over 例：More than 200 students took part in the competition.（超过 200 名学生参加了这次比赛。） 知识点 13：How do people survive in such a terrible climate?（教材 P92） 人们如何在如此恶劣的气候中生存？ ① survive v. 生存；存活，常用搭配 survive in（在…… 中生存），survive from（从…… 中存活） 例：Few animals can survive in the cold desert at night.（很少有动物能在寒冷的沙漠夜晚存活。） ② terrible adj. 可怕的；恶劣的，修饰名词作定语或作表语 例：The terrible storm destroyed many houses in the village.（可怕的暴风雨摧毁了村里的许多房屋。） 知识点 14：The secret lies in the ancient karez system.（教材 P92） 秘诀在于古老的坎儿井系统。 ① lie in 固定短语，意为 “在于；存在于”，lie 的过去式为 lay，过去分词为 lain 例：The success of the project lies in teamwork.（这个项目的成功在于团队合作。） ② ancient adj. 古代的；古老的，常用搭配 ancient culture（古代文化），ancient buildings（古建筑） 例：There are many ancient ruins in this city.（这座城市有许多古代遗迹。） 知识点 15：Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.（教材 P93） 多亏了坎儿井系统，人们才能在这种恶劣的环境中种植农作物获取食物。 ① thanks to 固定短语，意为 “由于；多亏”，后接名词、代词或动名词短语 例：Thanks to his careful preparation, the exam went well.（多亏了他的精心准备，考试进行得很顺利。） ② grow plants 固定短语，意为 “种植植物；种植农作物” 例：Farmers grow different kinds of plants according to the seasons.（农民们根据季节种植不同种类的农作物。） 知识点 16：Today, the area faces a water shortage.（教材 P93） 如今，该地区面临着水资源短缺的问题。 ① water shortage 固定短语，意为 “水资源短缺”，shortage n. 短缺；缺乏，常用搭配 a shortage of sth.（某物短缺） 例：The country is suffering from a serious water shortage.（这个国家正遭受严重的水资源短缺。） ② face v. 面临；面对，常用搭配 face sth.（面临某物），face up to（勇敢面对） 例：We must face the challenges bravely.（我们必须勇敢地面对挑战。） 知识点 17：More and more young people are taking action to protect it.（教材 P93） 越来越多的年轻人正在采取行动保护它。 ① take action 固定短语，意为 “采取行动”，action 为不可数名词，也可表达为 take actions（强调具体行动） 例：We should take immediate action to protect the environment.（我们应该立即采取行动保护环境。） ② 动词不定式短语 to protect it 作目的状语，表 “为了……” 例：She studies hard to get good grades.（她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。） 单元语法：由 what, where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句 1. 句型结构 1) 基本结构：主句 + 连接词（what/where/how/why/when） + 宾语从句（主语 + 谓语 + 其他） 2) 否定转移：当主句的谓语动词为 think, believe, suppose 等时，否定常转移到主句 例：I don't think he knows where the karez system is.（我认为他不知道坎儿井系统在哪里。） 2. 核心用法 1) what：在从句中作主语、宾语或宾语补足语，表 “什么；…… 的样子” 例：She asked me what I wanted for my birthday.（她问我生日想要什么。） 2) where：在从句中作地点状语，表 “在哪里；到哪里” 例：No one knows where the ancient city is hidden.（没有人知道这座古城藏在哪里。） 3) how：在从句中作方式或程度状语，表 “如何；多么” 例：He explained how we could use solar energy.（他解释了我们如何利用太阳能。） 4) why：在从句中作原因状语，表 “为什么” 例：I wonder why he didn't come to the meeting.（我想知道他为什么没来开会。） 5) when：在从句中作时间状语，表 “什么时候” 例：Can you tell me when the next term begins?（你能告诉我下学期什么时候开始吗？） 3. 易错点提醒 1) 从句必须用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序 错误：Do you know where is the nearest hospital? 正确：Do you know where the nearest hospital is? 2) 连接词在从句中充当相应成分，不可省略 3) 主句为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外） 例：He said he would visit the solar park the next day.（他说他第二天要去参观太阳能公园。） 单元写作：人与自然和谐共生 写作主题:本单元围绕 “与自然共处” 展开，要求学生运用所学词汇、语法及句式，描述人类遵循自然规律、利用自然资源或与自然和谐共处的例子，阐述保护自然、尊重自然的重要性。主要写作维度有：1）自然与人类的密切关系；2）人类利用自然、遵循自然规律的实例；3）保护自然的具体行动与意义；4）人与自然和谐共生的价值。 中考命题角度:描述二十四节气与人类生活的关系；介绍一种利用自然资源的方式；阐述坎儿井等古代工程的价值；提出人与自然和谐共处的建议等。 写作框架 高分词汇与句型 1. 词汇：nature, harmony, resource, solar energy, wisdom, ancient, survive, climate, protect, respect, guide, benefit 2. 句型： 1) Humans have a close relationship with nature and should live in harmony with it. 2) Thanks to the ancient wisdom and projects, we can make good use of nature and survive in difficult environments. 3) By following the laws of nature, we can not only get what we need but also protect the environment. 4) It is everyone's responsibility to protect nature and pass on the wisdom of living with nature. （时间：30 分钟，满分：50 分） 一、单词拼写（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. We should try our best to protect the environment and live in ______ (和谐) with nature. 2. Solar ______ (能源) is a kind of clean and renewable energy. 3. The 24 Solar Terms are full of ancient Chinese ______ (智慧). 4. People in Turpan built the ______ (坎儿井) system to solve the water problem. 5. The ______ (气候) in the desert is very terrible—hot in the day and cold at night. 6. There is a serious ______ (短缺) of fresh water in some African countries. 7. The old man has lived by ______ (耕种) all his life. 8. The ______ (关系) between humans and nature is very close. 9. Many ______ (古代的) buildings have been well preserved in this city. 10. We should ______ (尊重) nature and follow its laws. 【答案】 1. harmony 2. energy 3. wisdom 4. karez 5. climate 6. shortage 7. farming 8. relationship 9. ancient 10. respect 【解析】 1. 句意：我们应该尽力保护环境，与自然和谐共处。根据汉语提示及固定短语 in harmony with 可知，填名词 harmony。 2. 句意：太阳能是一种清洁且可再生的能源。根据汉语提示及固定短语 solar energy 可知，填名词 energy。 3. 句意：二十四节气充满了中国古代的智慧。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 wisdom（不可数名词）。 4. 句意：吐鲁番的人们建造了坎儿井系统来解决水资源问题。根据汉语提示及专有名词 karez 可知，填 karez。 5. 句意：沙漠中的气候非常恶劣 —— 白天热，晚上冷。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 climate。 6. 句意：一些非洲国家存在严重的淡水短缺问题。根据汉语提示及固定短语 a shortage of 可知，填名词 shortage。 7. 句意：这位老人一生都以务农为生。根据汉语提示及 by + 动名词可知，填 farming。 8. 句意：人类与自然的关系非常密切。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 relationship。 9. 句意：这座城市里许多古老的建筑都保存得很好。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填形容词 ancient。 10. 句意：我们应该尊重自然，遵循它的规律。根据汉语提示及情态动词 should 后接动词原形可知，填 respect。 二、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. Most villagers in the countryside live ______ farming. A. by B. with C. in D. for 2. The 24 Solar Terms ______ known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. I don't know ______ popular the 24 Solar Terms are among young people. A. what B. where C. how D. why 4. Thanks ______ the karez system, people in Turpan can grow crops in the desert. A. for B. to C. with D. of 5. The sun ______ us light and heat, which is important for all living things. A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. will give 6. Can you tell me ______ the next term of the 24 Solar Terms begins? A. when B. what C. how D. where 7. People in Turpan built the karez system ______ hand tools. A. in B. with C. by D. through 8. The solar panels can ______ the houses with electricity. A. charge B. power C. give D. provide 9. We should take action ______ protect nature and its resources. A. to B. for C. of D. with 10. The secret of surviving in the desert ______ in making good use of water. A. lies B. lives C. stays D. keeps 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A 【解析】 1. 句意：农村的大多数村民以务农为生。live by doing sth. 意为 “以做某事为生”，符合知识点 2。故选 A。 2. 句意：二十四节气被誉为 “中国第五大发明”。be known as 意为 “被称为”，主语为复数，描述客观事实用一般现在时。符合知识点 6。故选 B。 3. 句意：我不知道二十四节气在年轻人中多么受欢迎。how 引导宾语从句，表 “多么”，符合知识点 5。故选 C。 4. 句意：多亏了坎儿井系统，吐鲁番的人们才能在沙漠中种植农作物。thanks to 意为 “多亏；由于”，符合知识点 15。故选 B。 5. 句意：太阳给我们提供光和热，这对所有生物都很重要。描述客观事实用一般现在时，give 意为 “提供”，符合知识点 9。故选 A。 6. 句意：你能告诉我下一个节气什么时候开始吗？when 引导宾语从句，表 “什么时候”，符合知识点 17。故选 A。 7. 句意：吐鲁番的人们用手工工具建造了坎儿井系统。with 表示 “用（工具）”，符合知识点 15。故选 B。 8. 句意：太阳能电池板能为房屋供电。power 意为 “为…… 供电”，符合知识点 12。故选 B。 9. 句意：我们应该采取行动保护自然及其资源。动词不定式 to protect 作目的状语，符合知识点 17。故选 A。 10. 句意：在沙漠中生存的秘诀在于充分利用水资源。lie in 意为 “在于”，符合知识点 14。故选 A。 三、完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 人类应该与自然和谐共处。(live in harmony with) Humans should ______ ______ ______ ______ nature. 2. 我不知道他为什么对二十四节气感兴趣。(be interested in) I don't know ______ he ______ ______ ______ the 24 Solar Terms. 3. 多亏了太阳能电池板，这个村庄才有了电。(solar panels) ______ ______ the ______ ______, the village has electricity. 4. 坎儿井系统帮助人们在沙漠中生存。(survive in) The karez system helps people ______ ______ the desert. 5. 她问我如何使用太阳能给手机充电。(charge a phone) She asked me ______ ______ ______ a phone using solar energy. 【答案】 1. live in harmony with 2. why; is interested in 3. Thanks to; solar panels 4. survive in 5. how to charge 【解析】 1. 考查固定短语。“与…… 和谐共处” 译为 live in harmony with，为固定搭配，should 后接动词原形。 2. 考查宾语从句和固定短语。“为什么” 译为 why，引导宾语从句；“对…… 感兴趣” 译为 be interested in，主语 he 为单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，填 why; is interested in。 3. 考查固定短语。“多亏了” 译为 Thanks to；“太阳能电池板” 译为 solar panels，为复数形式。 4. 考查固定短语。“在…… 中生存” 译为 survive in，help sb. do sth. 后接动词原形。 5. 考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。“如何充电” 译为 how to charge，此处为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 作宾语。 四、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） The 24 Solar Terms: Wisdom from Nature The 24 Solar Terms is an ancient calendar system developed by Chinese people to guide farming activities. It is based on the changes of nature, such as the position of the sun, the temperature and the growth of plants. For thousands of years, it has been an important part of Chinese culture and daily life. The 24 Solar Terms starts with Start of Spring and ends with Major Cold. Each term lasts about 15 days. They reflect the changes of seasons, climate and natural phenomena. For example, Grain in Ear is a term when wheat is ripe and ready to be harvested. Minor Heat and Major Heat are the hottest periods of the year, while Minor Cold and Major Cold are the coldest. The 24 Solar Terms not only guides farming but also affects people's eating habits and health. On Start of Spring, many people eat spring pancakes to welcome the new season. On Start of Winter, dumplings are a popular food in northern China. People also adjust their daily activities according to the terms. For example, during Minor Heat, people try to stay cool and avoid overworking. Today, although fewer people are farmers, the 24 Solar Terms is still popular. Many young people are interested in it and share related paintings, poems and stories online. It has also been listed as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, showing the value of Chinese ancient wisdom to the world. The 24 Solar Terms is more than a calendar. It is a bridge between humans and nature, teaching us to respect and follow natural laws. As we face environmental challenges, this ancient wisdom can still guide us to live in harmony with nature. 1. Which of the following is NOT true about the 24 Solar Terms? A. It is based on natural changes. B. Each term lasts about half a month. C. It only affects farming activities. D. It has a history of thousands of years. 2. What does the underlined word "ripe" mean in Chinese? A. 播种 B. 生长 C. 成熟 D. 收割 3. Why is the 24 Solar Terms listed as an intangible cultural heritage? A. Because it is a calendar system. B. Because it shows Chinese ancient wisdom. C. Because it is popular among young people. D. Because it guides people's eating habits. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The 24 Solar Terms will disappear in the future. B. People no longer need the 24 Solar Terms today. C. The 24 Solar Terms can help us deal with environmental problems. D. Only Chinese people know about the 24 Solar Terms. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The 24 Solar Terms guides farming activities. B. The 24 Solar Terms is an important part of Chinese culture. C. The 24 Solar Terms reflects changes of nature. D. The 24 Solar Terms is still popular today. 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 【解析】 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “The 24 Solar Terms not only guides farming but also affects people's eating habits and health” 可知，二十四节气不仅影响农耕，还影响人们的饮食习惯和健康，C 项 “只影响农耕活动” 表述错误。故选 C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据 “ready to be harvested”（准备收割）可推测，ripe 意为 “成熟的”。故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “It has also been listed as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, showing the value of Chinese ancient wisdom to the world” 可知，二十四节气被列为非物质文化遗产是因为它展示了中国古代的智慧。故选 B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “As we face environmental challenges, this ancient wisdom can still guide us to live in harmony with nature” 可推断，二十四节气能帮助我们应对环境问题。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章围绕二十四节气展开，介绍了其起源、作用、文化意义及现状，核心是 “二十四节气是中国文化的重要组成部分”。故选 B。 五、语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） Nature is our greatest teacher. For thousands of years, humans 1. ______ (learn) to live in harmony with nature. The 24 Solar Terms is one of the greatest wisdoms from nature. It 2. ______ (guide) people's farming activities and daily lives for a long time. Many people wonder 3. ______ the 24 Solar Terms came from. It is based on the changes of the sun's position, temperature and other natural phenomena. Farmers know when 4. ______ (plant) and harvest crops according to the terms. For example, they plant seeds in Start of Spring and harvest wheat in Grain in Ear. Today, with the development of technology, fewer people 5. ______ (work) as farmers. However, the 24 Solar Terms is still important in our lives. Many young people 6. ______ (become) interested in it and share related content online. They want to know more about 7. ______ their ancestors lived with nature. Solar energy is another gift from nature. It is a clean and renewable energy source. People 8. ______ (use) solar panels to generate electricity and charge their devices. This not only saves natural resources but also protects the environment. We should always remember 9. ______ nature provides us with everything we need. We must respect nature, follow its laws and take action to protect it. Only in this way can we ensure that the wisdom of living with nature 10. ______ (carry) into the future. 【答案】 1. have learned 2. has guided 3. where 4. to plant 5. work 6. are becoming 7. how 8. use 9. that 10. will be carried 【解析】 1. 句意：数千年来，人类学会了与自然和谐共处。根据 For thousands of years 可知用现在完成时，主语 humans 为复数，填 have learned。 2. 句意：长期以来，它一直指导着人们的农耕活动和日常生活。根据 for a long time 可知用现在完成时，主语 it 为单数，填 has guided。 3. 句意：许多人想知道二十四节气来自哪里。where 引导宾语从句，表 “哪里”，填 where。 4. 句意：农民们根据节气知道什么时候种植和收割庄稼。when to plant 为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，填 to plant。 5. 句意：如今，随着科技的发展，越来越少的人以务农为生。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 fewer people 为复数，填 work。 6. 句意：许多年轻人正对它产生兴趣，并在网上分享相关内容。根据语境可知用现在进行时，填 are becoming。 7. 句意：他们想更多地了解祖先如何与自然共处。how 引导宾语从句，表 “如何”，填 how。 8. 句意：人们使用太阳能电池板发电和给设备充电。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 people 为复数，填 use。 9. 句意：我们应该永远记住，自然为我们提供了我们需要的一切。that 引导宾语从句，无实际意义，可省略，填 that。 10. 句意：只有这样，我们才能确保与自然共处的智慧被传承到未来。根据语境可知用一般将来时的被动语态，填 will be carried。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $