专题02教材词汇（下）（清单+专项训练）2026年高考英语临考终极必记词汇&必练题型

专题02教材词汇（下）（清单+专项训练） 目录 教材必记词汇清单 教材词汇易错点专项突破 教材词汇临考抢分技巧 教材词汇必练题型 教材词汇综合小测 教材必记词汇清单 一、 核心动词 accommodate 考点：及物动词，表示“容纳；提供住宿” accommodate 200 guests；也指“顺应，适应” accommodate the needs。 commit 考点：commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于；commit a crime 犯罪。 simulate 考点：simulate reality/environment 模拟现实/环境；形容词 simulated（模拟的）。 regulate 考点：regulate the temperature 调节温度；名词 regulation（规章）。 compensate 考点：compensate for 弥补，补偿；compensation n. advocate 考点：advocate (doing) sth 提倡，主张；也可作名词“倡导者”。 attribute 考点：attribute A to B 把A归因于B；注意名词重音不同：'attribute / əˈtrɪbjuːt (v.)。 deteriorate 考点：不及物动词，Health/Relations deteriorate. 健康/关系恶化。 testify 考点：testify to sth / testify that... 证明，作证；名词 testimony（证词）。 speculate 考点：speculate about/on 推测；speculate in stocks 炒股投机。 promote 考点：promote growth 促进增长；promote sb to 提升某人至某职位。 evolve 考点：不及物动词，evolve from...into... 从…进化成…；名词 evolution。 retain 考点：retain moisture/information 保持水分/记住信息；= keep。 consume 考点：consume energy/time 消耗能源/时间；be consumed with 充满（情感）。 二、 核心名词 perspective 考点：from a...perspective 从…角度；have a different perspective 有不同看法。 conscience 考点：have a clear/guilty conscience 问心无愧/有愧；形容词 conscientious（尽责的）。 phenomenon（在必修基础上强化） 考点：复数 phenomena（必考）；a natural/social phenomenon 自然/社会现象。 innovation 考点：technological innovation 科技创新；动词 innovate；形容词 innovative。 integrity 考点：professional/personal integrity 职业/个人诚信；a man of integrity 正直的人。 dilemma 考点：be in a dilemma 陷入两难；face the dilemma of 面临…的困境。 testimony 考点：give testimony 作证；bear testimony to 证明。 infrastructure 考点：transport/energy infrastructure 交通/能源基础设施。 algorithm 考点：search algorithm 搜索算法；complex algorithms 复杂算法。 symptom 考点：symptom of ...的症状；show symptoms 显现症状。 diversity 考点：cultural/biological diversity 文化/生物多样性；动词 diversify。 threshold 考点：on the threshold of 在…的开端；pain threshold 疼痛阈值。 consensus 考点：reach a consensus on 就…达成共识。 liability 考点：legal/financial liability 法律/财务责任；也可指“不利条件”。 heritage 考点：cultural/natural heritage 文化/自然遗产；world heritage site 世界遗产地。 三、 核心形容词/副词 sustainable 考点：sustainable development 可持续发展；sustainably adv. profound 考点：profound effect/influence 深远的影响；profoundly different 截然不同。 inevitable 考点：It is inevitable that... …是不可避免的；副词 inevitably。 ambiguous 考点：ambiguous answer/statement 模棱两可的回答/说法；反义词 unambiguous。 subtle 考点：subtle difference/changes 细微的差别/变化；subtly adv. immune 考点：immune to disease 对疾病免疫；immune from prosecution 免于起诉。 conventional 考点：conventional method/wisdom 传统方法/观念；反义词 unconventional。 autonomous 考点：autonomous region/vehicle 自治区/自动驾驶车辆；名词 autonomy。 compatible 考点：be compatible with 与…兼容/一致；反义词 incompatible。 elaborate 考点：作形容词 /ɪˈlæbərət/ 精心制作的；作动词 /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ elaborate on 详细说明。 pressing 考点：pressing issue/problem 紧迫的问题。 explicit 考点：explicit instructions 明确的指示；反义词 implicit。 prospective 考点：prospective buyer/student 潜在买家/可能入学的学生。 inclusive 考点：inclusive society/education 包容性社会/全纳教育；反义词 exclusive。 四、 熟词生义 agent 熟义：代理人。 生义：作用剂；动因 cleaning agent 清洁剂；oxidizing agent 氧化剂。 address 熟义：地址；演讲。 生义：处理，解决 address the issue/problem 处理问题。 yield 熟义：产量。 生义：动词，屈服 yield to pressure；产生（结果） yield results。 harness 熟义：马具。 生义：利用，控制 harness energy/skills 利用能源/技能。 stem 熟义：茎干。 生义：动词，stem from 源于；stem the tide/flow 阻止，遏制。 harbour 熟义：港口。 生义：心怀，怀有 harbour doubts/resentment 心存怀疑/怨恨。 exploit 熟义：剥削（负面）。 生义：利用，开发（中性） exploit resources/opportunities 利用资源/机会。 grave 熟义：坟墓。 生义：形容词，严重的 grave situation/concern 严峻的形势/严重关切。 articulate 熟义：清晰的（形容词）。 生义：清晰地表达（动词） articulate one's ideas 清晰地表达想法。 register 熟义：登记，注册。 生义：注意到，显示（仪表） register a change 注意到变化；The thermometer registered 30°C. 五、 高频核心短语与搭配 cater to 迎合，满足（需求） cater to customers' needs。 be bound to 一定，必然（发生） It's bound to rain. be inclined to 倾向于…做 He's inclined to agree. in pursuit of 追求 in pursuit of happiness/knowledge。 be immersed in 沉浸于；专心于 be immersed in thought/work。 be indicative of 表明，显示 His tone is indicative of his anger. be compatible with 与…兼容/一致。 take precedence over 优先于… Safety takes precedence over everything. be accountable for 对…负责 Managers are accountable for their decisions. on the verge of 濒临，即将 on the verge of tears/collapse。 in conjunction with 与…一起，结合 used in conjunction with other methods。 make amends for 补偿，弥补 make amends for one's mistakes。 give rise to 引起，导致 give rise to problems/concerns。 in the light of 鉴于，考虑到 in the light of recent developments。 cast/shed light on 阐明，使…易于理解 research that sheds light on the issue。 教材词汇易错点专项突破 一、易混淆词对比解析 1. 拼写相近易混词 acquire/require acquire (v.) 习得，获得（知识、技能）：acquire a language（习得一门语言） require (v.) 要求，需要：The task requires patience.（这项任务需要耐心。） adapt/adopt adapt (v.) 适应；改编：adapt to the new environment（适应新环境） adopt (v.) 采用；收养：adopt a new policy（采用新政策） complement/compliment complement (n./v.) 补充，使完美：The wine complements the meal.（这酒配这顿饭很完美。） compliment (n./v.) 称赞：pay someone a compliment（称赞某人） extinct/distinct extinct (adj.) 灭绝的：an extinct species（已灭绝的物种） distinct (adj.) 清晰的；不同的：a distinct advantage（明显的优势） 2. 词性变化易错词 assure/ensure/insure assure (v.) 向…保证（+人）：I assure you it’s safe. ensure (v.) 确保（+事/结果）：Ensure that the door is locked. insure (v.) 给…投保：insure the house against fire economic/economical economic (adj.) 经济的，经济学的：economic growth（经济增长） economical (adj.) 节俭的，省钱的：an economical car（省油的车） historic/historical historic (adj.) 具有历史意义的：a historic moment（历史性时刻） historical (adj.) 与历史相关的：historical documents（历史文献） imaginative/imaginary imaginative (adj.) 富有想象力的：an imaginative writer（想象力丰富的作家） imaginary (adj.) 虚构的，想象的：an imaginary friend（虚构的朋友） 二、重点单词辨析 intelligent/intellectual intelligent (adj.) 聪明的，有才智的（泛指智力）：an intelligent child intellectual (adj./n.) 智力的；需智力的；知识分子：intellectual property（知识产权） distinct/distinctive distinct (adj.) 清晰的；不同的：two distinct categories（两个不同的类别） distinctive (adj.) 独特的，有特色的：a distinctive style（独特的风格） sensitive/sensible sensitive (adj.) 敏感的；体贴的：be sensitive to light（对光敏感） sensible (adj.) 明智的，合理的：a sensible decision（明智的决定） conscience/conscious conscience (n.) 良心：a guilty conscience（内疚感） conscious (adj.) 有意识的；注意到的：be conscious of one’s mistake（意识到自己的错误） successful/successive successful (adj.) 成功的：a successful experiment successive (adj.) 连续的：three successive days（连续三天） 三、常用词组搭配 apply 相关短语 apply to 适用于（规则等适用于某人/事） apply for 申请（职位等） apply oneself to 致力于，专心于（+ n./doing） commit 相关短语 commit a crime 犯罪 commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于 commit to memory 记住 take 相关短语（进阶） take effect 生效 take priority over 比…优先 take issue with 不同意，争论 take for granted 认为…理所当然 come 相关短语（进阶） come into effect 生效 come to terms with 接受，妥协 come under fire 受到批评 come to light 暴露，为人所知 四、同义词辨析 obtain/acquire/attain obtain 获得（通过努力、请求得到具体物品或许可） acquire 习得，获得（知识、技能等抽象物，逐渐积累的过程） attain 达到，获得（目标、成就、水平等，常指较高层次） replace/substitute replace A with B 用B替换A（A被永久或长期替换） substitute A for B 用A代替B（常为临时替代） 注意介词不同：Substitute teachers for absent ones.（用代课老师顶替缺席的老师。） Replace butter with oil.（用油代替黄油。） persist/insist persist in (doing) sth 坚持做（不顾困难持续行动，中性或贬义） insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/主张（强调主张或要求） 接从句时：insist that…（should）do；persist 不接that从句。 exaggerate/overestimate exaggerate 夸大（说话或描述超出事实） overestimate 高估（对能力、难度等判断过高） puzzle/confuse puzzle 使困惑（因复杂难懂而困惑，强调思考过程） confuse 混淆；使糊涂（弄混两者；使思维混乱） 五、常考固定搭配 prevent/stop/prohibit… (from) doing 介词 from 在主动语态中可省略：The rain prevented us (from) going out. 但在被动语态中不可省略：We were prevented from going out. be concerned about/with/for be concerned about 担心 be concerned with 与…有关；关心（议题） be concerned for 为…感到担忧 on account of / due to / owing to 均表“由于”，但用法有别： due to + n. 通常作表语或后置定语：His absence was due to illness. owing to + n. 多作状语：The game was cancelled owing to rain. on account of + n. 状语，较正式。 not only…but also… 连接对等成分：Not only did he complain, but (also) he refused to pay. 注意：not only 位于句首时，其后的句子需部分倒装（如上例）。 more than 的多元用法 more than + 数字：超过（= over） more than + 形容词：非常（= very） more than + 名词：不仅仅是 more A than B：与其说是B，不如说是A 教材词汇临考抢分技巧 一、考前最后三天“聚焦”行动清单 核心原则：抓大放小，聚焦产出（写作+完形） 第1天：死磕“熟词生义”与“形近词” 专攻高频“变色龙”词汇（如：address, yield, harbour, exploit）。 默写区分三组“致命双胞胎”：adapt/adopt， complement/compliment， economic/economical。 第2天：攻克“动词短语”与“学术搭配” 背熟10个核心动词的固定搭配：apply to/for， commit to， account for， stem from等。 强化“介词”意识：be compatible with， be indicative of， in pursuit of。 第3天：打磨“写作词汇”与“逻辑信号” 准备3个“现象描述”高级开头句。 升级3组“低级到高级”的论证词汇。 默写5个不会错的“因果、对比、转折”逻辑连接词。 二、选择题抢分必杀技：90秒锁定答案 1. “熟词生义”题——语境剥离法 例题：The thermometer ______ a sudden drop in temperature. A. registered B. recorded C. marked D. listed 解题步骤： 识别陷阱：四个词都有“记录”的常见义。 剥离语境：主语是“温度计”，它并非主动“记录”，而是“显示读数”。 秒杀答案：只有 register 有“（仪表）显示，指示”的生义。选A。 口诀：常见词，不常见义；看主语，配功能。 2. 形近/义近词题——词根词缀破题法 例题：His ______ analysis of the problem impressed everyone. A. perceptive B. perceptional C. perceptible D. perceptual 解题步骤： 看词根：cept（拿，取）→ perceive（理解，察觉）。 辨后缀： -ive（有…性质的）→ perceptive（有洞察力的） -al（…的）→ perceptual（感知的）常与感官相关 -ible（可…的）→ perceptible（可察觉的） 定答案：修饰“分析”，需要“有洞察力的”。选A。 考场应急口诀：-ive 表能力，-al 表属性，-ible 表可能。 三、完形填空“逻辑与复现”双杀法 1. 上下文逻辑“三点定位” 看情感色彩：上文 dilemma（两难），下文空处常为 difficult/tough/hard。 看并列线索：not only... but also...， on the one hand... on the other... 前后词义常相近或相反。 看因果链条：so... that...， such... that... 空处常为程度形容词/副词。 2. 高频词“同义复现”秒杀 实战技巧： 若空格是名词（如：a ______），去前文找其“具体表现”或“后文找其总结词”。 若空格是动词（如：to ______ the trend），去前文找“目的”或“问题”，后文找“结果”。 例子：前文提到 lose biodiversity， 后文空 This ______ of species is alarming. 答案大概率是 loss 或 decline。 四、写作词汇“安全抢分”策略 1. 核心概念“一键升级”表 基础表达 升级版（更学术、精准） important crucial / critical / pivotal (关键的) different distinct / distinctive (前者表“不同”，后者表“独特”) solve the problem address / tackle the issue (解决问题) because of due to / owing to / on account of (注意用法区别) use utilize / employ / harness (利用) get obtain / acquire / attain (获得) can do be capable of / have the potential to (能够) 2. 论证句式“万能模板”3个 阐述观点： It is widely acknowledged that... However, this view fails to take into account... （众所周知…，然而这一观点未能考虑到…） 分析原因： A multitude of factors could account for this phenomenon, with ______ being the most significant one. （诸多因素可以解释此现象，其中______是最重要的一个。） 提出建议： Only by adopting a holistic approach can we hope to effectively ______. （只有采取系统性的方法，我们才有望有效地______。（倒装句，提分亮点） 3. 最后检查“三必看” 看介词：apply to 还是 apply for？be concerned with 还是 about？ 看词性：economic 还是 economical？historic 还是 historical？ 看搭配：是 make a contribution to 还是 make contributions to？（都可，但别写错介词） 教材词汇必练题型 一、词义辨析选择题（聚焦抽象概念与学术词汇） 题型1：精准词义辨析 1. The two theories are fundamentally ______; you cannot believe both simultaneously. A. compatible B. contradictory C. complementary D. comparable 2. His ______ analysis of the market trends helped the company avoid a major loss. A. perceptive B. perceptional C. perceptible D. perceptual 题型2：情景逻辑辨析 — The committee still hasn’t reached a decision on the policy change. — I see. So they need more time to ______. A. negotiate B. deliberate C. speculate D. compensate 二、完形填空词汇专项（学术语篇导向） （选必三：文化保护主题） The 1 of cultural heritage is not merely about preserving old buildings; it involves maintaining the living spirit of traditions. When a community is 2 from its historical roots, a profound sense of loss can emerge. Therefore, any development plan must be 3 with conservation efforts. This requires a 4 approach that balances progress with identity. 1. A. conservation B. consumption C. conversation D. innovation 2. A. evolved B. divorced C. revolved D. involved 3. A. compatible B. comparable C. comfortable D. considerable 4. A. subtle B. sustainable C. sensitive D. successive 三、语法填空词汇变形题（侧重构词法） 题型1：词根词缀派生 1. There is a growing ______ (aware) of mental health issues among teenagers. 2. The ______ (interpret) of the data varies among different experts. 3. His argument was logical but lacked ______ (empirical) evidence. 题型2：反义与否定前缀 1. It is ______ (ethical) to use someone’s personal data without permission. 2.The statement was deliberately ______ (ambiguous) to avoid commitment. 四、单词拼写与搭配题 1.The p________ (先前的) experience made him more cautious this time. 2.We need to a________ (适应) our teaching methods to different learning styles. 3.A strong sense of social r________ (责任) is crucial for citizens. 4.The new evidence could p________ (可能地) lead to a retrial of the case. 5.The treaty aims to f________ (促进) economic cooperation between the two nations. 五、短语搭配选择题（进阶搭配） 1. The new regulations will ______ next month. A. come into effect B. come to light C. come under fire D. come to terms 2. Good communication is ______ a successful team. A. fundamental to B. familiar with C. characteristic of D. consistent with 六、词汇运用综合题（语篇语法填空） （选必二：科技伦理主题） The 1 (rapid) of technological advancement often 2 (shadow) the ethical dilemmas it creates. For instance, artificial intelligence, while 3 (efficiency), may lead to job displacement. Society must 4 (careful) 5 (weigh) the benefits against the potential harms. This requires not just technical expertise but also moral 6 (judge). 七、写作词汇升级与运用练习 1. 基础句升级（运用选必高阶词汇） 原句：This method has many good points. 升级：This approach boasts numerous merits and is highly adaptable to various situations. （用approach替代method，boasts merits替代has good points，加入adaptable） 原句：We should think about this problem in a complete way. 升级：We need to adopt a holistic perspective when addressing this issue. （用adopt a holistic perspective替代think in a complete way，addressing this issue替代think about this problem） 2. 段落翻译（综合运用） 请将以下中文大意用英文表达，注意使用括号内提示的词汇。 （大意：不可否认，网络言论的匿名性（anonymity）有时会助长不负责任的批评。这可能会破坏社会共识（consensus），侵蚀人与人之间的基本信任（erode trust）。因此，我们亟需在言论自由与社会责任之间取得平衡（strike a balance）。） 教材词汇综合小测 单句语法填空 1.His suggestion is that the new rule ______ (take) effect immediately. 2.Only when you have experienced failure ______ you ______ (appreciate) the value of success. 3.The problems ______ (discuss) at tomorrow's meeting are of great importance. 4.It is vital that immediate measures ______ (take) to address the environmental issue. 5.Not until she explained it again ______ I ______ (understand) the complex theory. 6.The scientist is devoted to ______ (find) a solution to the energy crisis. 7.I'd rather you ______ (not mention) this matter to anyone else. 8.______ (expose) to the harsh weather for a long time, the equipment was severely damaged. 9.The lecture was so profound that it was beyond the ______ (able) of most freshmen. 10.It was his positive attitude towards setbacks ______ inspired all of us. 11.The manager demanded that the report ______ (submit) by 5 p.m. today. 12.Under no circumstances ______ we ______ (ignore) the safety regulations. 13.The novel, ______ (set) in 19th century London, depicts the struggles of the lower class. 14.Hardly ______ he ______ (arrive) home when he was asked to go back to the office. 15.The key to ______ (solve) the problem lies in innovative thinking. 16.He speaks about space exploration as if he ______ (be) an astronaut himself. 17.There is a growing tendency for young people ______ (prefer) digital reading. 18.So absorbed ______ she in her experiment that she forgot the time. 19.The agreement, once ______ (sign), will be legally binding. 20.It is high time that we ______ (reflect) on the impact of technology on our lives. 21.The reason why he failed was ______ he lacked practical experience. 22.The more you practice critical thinking, the ______ (good) your decision-making ability will become. 23.Nobody except two experts ______ (have) been able to decipher the ancient script. 24.The documentary is reported ______ (win) several international awards so far. 25.He would rather ______ (resign) than compromise his principles. 26.Weather ______ (permit), the outdoor ceremony will be held as scheduled. 27.It was not until the evidence was presented ______ he admitted his mistake. 28.The teacher stressed the significance of ______ (punctual). 29.I can hardly imagine him ______ (achieve) such a breakthrough in a short time. 30.The company is said ______ (invest) heavily in renewable energy research next year. 31.______ (judge) from the survey results, public satisfaction has increased. 32.It is his perseverance, rather than his talent, ______ has led to his success. 33.The debate centered on how ______ (balance) economic growth with environmental protection. 34.He insisted that he ______ (be) innocent and that he ______ (release) immediately. 35.With all the preparations ______ (complete), we are ready for the launch. 36.Little ______ the researchers ______ (know) that their discovery would revolutionize the field. 37.The method proves ______ (be) highly effective in improving efficiency. 38.He avoided ______ (make) any comment on the controversial issue. 39.The data ______ (collect) from the experiment is being analyzed. 40.It's the most challenging project that I ______ ever ______ (undertake). 41.She is one of the few students who ______ (be) awarded the scholarship. 42.He left the room without ______ (say) goodbye to anyone. 43.The house ______ (face) south gets plenty of sunlight. 44.It is no good ______ (complain) without taking action. 45.His speech was so inspiring that it left a deep ______ (impress) on the audience. 46.The new policy is aimed at ______ (promote) the development of small businesses. 47.______ (compare) with traditional methods, the new technique saves more time. 48.I have no doubt ______ he will fulfill his promise. 49.He is too experienced a negotiator ______ (fall) for such a simple trick. 50.The population of this city ______ (be) much larger than that of my hometown. 语篇填空（回归教材） 说明：阅读短文，根据上下文填入适当的单词，每空一词。注意词的形式变化。 第一篇：科技与人工智能（选必一 Unit 2） Artificial Intelligence is transforming our world. It holds great ______ (1) for enhancing productivity but also poses ethical ______ (2). The ______ (3) of AI on employment is a major concern, as automation may replace certain jobs. Therefore, it's crucial to develop a regulatory ______ (4) and foster digital ______ (5) to ensure AI's responsible and ______ (6) development for the benefit of humanity. 第二篇：文化遗产（选必一 Unit 3） Cultural heritage, tangible or intangible, is a ______ (7) to our history. However, it faces threats from various factors. ______ (8) efforts involving restoration and digital ______ (9) are essential. Raising public ______ (10) is key, as it encourages community ______ (11) in preservation activities, ensuring these treasures are ______ (12) for future generations. 第三篇：情绪智力（选必二 Unit 2） Emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one's own emotions and ______ (13) with others empathetically. It's a ______ (14) skill for personal and professional success. Developing self-______ (15) is the first step, which allows for better emotional ______ (16). High emotional intelligence contributes to effective ______ (17) resolution and building ______ (18) relationships. 第四篇：生态保护（选必二 Unit 3） Maintaining ecological ______ (19) is crucial. Human activities like pollution and deforestation cause ______ (20) to it. Protecting biodiversity is a priority, as each species has a ______ (21) in the ecosystem. Establishing nature ______ (22) and promoting ______ (23) consumption are vital steps towards ecological ______ (24). 第五篇：艺术价值（选必三 Unit 1） The value of art lies not only in its beauty but also in its capacity to ______ (25) thought and reflect society. A ______ (26) analysis of art involves examining its historical ______ (27) and the artist's ______ (28). Art can challenge ______ (29) and offer new ______ (30), enriching our understanding of the world. 第六篇：经济全球化（选必三 Unit 2） Economic globalization has led to a highly ______ (31) global market. It promotes economic ______ (32) but also intensifies ______ (33) between nations. While offering benefits like more choices, it may exacerbate income ______ (34) and pose challenges to local ______ (35). Balancing global integration with national interests remains a complex ______ (36). 第七篇：法律与社会（选必三 Unit 4） The rule of law is the ______ (37) of a just society. Legal ______ (38) empowers citizens to understand their rights and seek ______ (39) when necessary. An independent ______ (40) system ensures fairness. Promoting legal literacy is fundamental for fostering civic ______ (41) and maintaining social ______ (42). 第八篇：生物伦理（选必四 Unit 1） Advances in biotechnology, such as gene editing, raise profound ethical ______ (43). Debates often revolve around the ______ (44) of life and the ______ (45) of scientific intervention. While promising for curing diseases, the risk of ______ (46) exists. Establishing clear ethical ______ (47) and ensuring ______ (48) oversight are imperative. 第九篇：工程与社会（选必四 Unit 2） Engineering carries social ______ (49). Engineers must consider the environmental ______ (50) of projects. ______ (51) design emphasizes safety, inclusivity, and sustainability. Conducting thorough risk ______ (52) and public consultation is essential. The goal is to create innovations that ______ (53) positively to society. 第十篇：全球挑战（选必四 Unit 3） Addressing ______ (54) challenges like climate change requires international ______ (55). Effective global ______ (56) demands that countries ______ (57) part of their sovereignty. International ______ (58) and treaties are key tools. Success depends on building ______ (59) and a shared sense of ______ (60) among nations. 10 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02教材词汇（下）（清单+专项训练） 目录 教材必记词汇清单 教材词汇易错点专项突破 教材词汇临考抢分技巧 教材词汇必练题型 教材词汇综合小测 教材必记词汇清单 一、 核心动词 accommodate 考点：及物动词，表示“容纳；提供住宿” accommodate 200 guests；也指“顺应，适应” accommodate the needs。 commit 考点：commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于；commit a crime 犯罪。 simulate 考点：simulate reality/environment 模拟现实/环境；形容词 simulated（模拟的）。 regulate 考点：regulate the temperature 调节温度；名词 regulation（规章）。 compensate 考点：compensate for 弥补，补偿；compensation n. advocate 考点：advocate (doing) sth 提倡，主张；也可作名词“倡导者”。 attribute 考点：attribute A to B 把A归因于B；注意名词重音不同：'attribute / əˈtrɪbjuːt (v.)。 deteriorate 考点：不及物动词，Health/Relations deteriorate. 健康/关系恶化。 testify 考点：testify to sth / testify that... 证明，作证；名词 testimony（证词）。 speculate 考点：speculate about/on 推测；speculate in stocks 炒股投机。 promote 考点：promote growth 促进增长；promote sb to 提升某人至某职位。 evolve 考点：不及物动词，evolve from...into... 从…进化成…；名词 evolution。 retain 考点：retain moisture/information 保持水分/记住信息；= keep。 consume 考点：consume energy/time 消耗能源/时间；be consumed with 充满（情感）。 二、 核心名词 perspective 考点：from a...perspective 从…角度；have a different perspective 有不同看法。 conscience 考点：have a clear/guilty conscience 问心无愧/有愧；形容词 conscientious（尽责的）。 phenomenon（在必修基础上强化） 考点：复数 phenomena（必考）；a natural/social phenomenon 自然/社会现象。 innovation 考点：technological innovation 科技创新；动词 innovate；形容词 innovative。 integrity 考点：professional/personal integrity 职业/个人诚信；a man of integrity 正直的人。 dilemma 考点：be in a dilemma 陷入两难；face the dilemma of 面临…的困境。 testimony 考点：give testimony 作证；bear testimony to 证明。 infrastructure 考点：transport/energy infrastructure 交通/能源基础设施。 algorithm 考点：search algorithm 搜索算法；complex algorithms 复杂算法。 symptom 考点：symptom of ...的症状；show symptoms 显现症状。 diversity 考点：cultural/biological diversity 文化/生物多样性；动词 diversify。 threshold 考点：on the threshold of 在…的开端；pain threshold 疼痛阈值。 consensus 考点：reach a consensus on 就…达成共识。 liability 考点：legal/financial liability 法律/财务责任；也可指“不利条件”。 heritage 考点：cultural/natural heritage 文化/自然遗产；world heritage site 世界遗产地。 三、 核心形容词/副词 sustainable 考点：sustainable development 可持续发展；sustainably adv. profound 考点：profound effect/influence 深远的影响；profoundly different 截然不同。 inevitable 考点：It is inevitable that... …是不可避免的；副词 inevitably。 ambiguous 考点：ambiguous answer/statement 模棱两可的回答/说法；反义词 unambiguous。 subtle 考点：subtle difference/changes 细微的差别/变化；subtly adv. immune 考点：immune to disease 对疾病免疫；immune from prosecution 免于起诉。 conventional 考点：conventional method/wisdom 传统方法/观念；反义词 unconventional。 autonomous 考点：autonomous region/vehicle 自治区/自动驾驶车辆；名词 autonomy。 compatible 考点：be compatible with 与…兼容/一致；反义词 incompatible。 elaborate 考点：作形容词 /ɪˈlæbərət/ 精心制作的；作动词 /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ elaborate on 详细说明。 pressing 考点：pressing issue/problem 紧迫的问题。 explicit 考点：explicit instructions 明确的指示；反义词 implicit。 prospective 考点：prospective buyer/student 潜在买家/可能入学的学生。 inclusive 考点：inclusive society/education 包容性社会/全纳教育；反义词 exclusive。 四、 熟词生义 agent 熟义：代理人。 生义：作用剂；动因 cleaning agent 清洁剂；oxidizing agent 氧化剂。 address 熟义：地址；演讲。 生义：处理，解决 address the issue/problem 处理问题。 yield 熟义：产量。 生义：动词，屈服 yield to pressure；产生（结果） yield results。 harness 熟义：马具。 生义：利用，控制 harness energy/skills 利用能源/技能。 stem 熟义：茎干。 生义：动词，stem from 源于；stem the tide/flow 阻止，遏制。 harbour 熟义：港口。 生义：心怀，怀有 harbour doubts/resentment 心存怀疑/怨恨。 exploit 熟义：剥削（负面）。 生义：利用，开发（中性） exploit resources/opportunities 利用资源/机会。 grave 熟义：坟墓。 生义：形容词，严重的 grave situation/concern 严峻的形势/严重关切。 articulate 熟义：清晰的（形容词）。 生义：清晰地表达（动词） articulate one's ideas 清晰地表达想法。 register 熟义：登记，注册。 生义：注意到，显示（仪表） register a change 注意到变化；The thermometer registered 30°C. 五、 高频核心短语与搭配 cater to 迎合，满足（需求） cater to customers' needs。 be bound to 一定，必然（发生） It's bound to rain. be inclined to 倾向于…做 He's inclined to agree. in pursuit of 追求 in pursuit of happiness/knowledge。 be immersed in 沉浸于；专心于 be immersed in thought/work。 be indicative of 表明，显示 His tone is indicative of his anger. be compatible with 与…兼容/一致。 take precedence over 优先于… Safety takes precedence over everything. be accountable for 对…负责 Managers are accountable for their decisions. on the verge of 濒临，即将 on the verge of tears/collapse。 in conjunction with 与…一起，结合 used in conjunction with other methods。 make amends for 补偿，弥补 make amends for one's mistakes。 give rise to 引起，导致 give rise to problems/concerns。 in the light of 鉴于，考虑到 in the light of recent developments。 cast/shed light on 阐明，使…易于理解 research that sheds light on the issue。 教材词汇易错点专项突破 一、易混淆词对比解析 1. 拼写相近易混词 acquire/require acquire (v.) 习得，获得（知识、技能）：acquire a language（习得一门语言） require (v.) 要求，需要：The task requires patience.（这项任务需要耐心。） adapt/adopt adapt (v.) 适应；改编：adapt to the new environment（适应新环境） adopt (v.) 采用；收养：adopt a new policy（采用新政策） complement/compliment complement (n./v.) 补充，使完美：The wine complements the meal.（这酒配这顿饭很完美。） compliment (n./v.) 称赞：pay someone a compliment（称赞某人） extinct/distinct extinct (adj.) 灭绝的：an extinct species（已灭绝的物种） distinct (adj.) 清晰的；不同的：a distinct advantage（明显的优势） 2. 词性变化易错词 assure/ensure/insure assure (v.) 向…保证（+人）：I assure you it’s safe. ensure (v.) 确保（+事/结果）：Ensure that the door is locked. insure (v.) 给…投保：insure the house against fire economic/economical economic (adj.) 经济的，经济学的：economic growth（经济增长） economical (adj.) 节俭的，省钱的：an economical car（省油的车） historic/historical historic (adj.) 具有历史意义的：a historic moment（历史性时刻） historical (adj.) 与历史相关的：historical documents（历史文献） imaginative/imaginary imaginative (adj.) 富有想象力的：an imaginative writer（想象力丰富的作家） imaginary (adj.) 虚构的，想象的：an imaginary friend（虚构的朋友） 二、重点单词辨析 intelligent/intellectual intelligent (adj.) 聪明的，有才智的（泛指智力）：an intelligent child intellectual (adj./n.) 智力的；需智力的；知识分子：intellectual property（知识产权） distinct/distinctive distinct (adj.) 清晰的；不同的：two distinct categories（两个不同的类别） distinctive (adj.) 独特的，有特色的：a distinctive style（独特的风格） sensitive/sensible sensitive (adj.) 敏感的；体贴的：be sensitive to light（对光敏感） sensible (adj.) 明智的，合理的：a sensible decision（明智的决定） conscience/conscious conscience (n.) 良心：a guilty conscience（内疚感） conscious (adj.) 有意识的；注意到的：be conscious of one’s mistake（意识到自己的错误） successful/successive successful (adj.) 成功的：a successful experiment successive (adj.) 连续的：three successive days（连续三天） 三、常用词组搭配 apply 相关短语 apply to 适用于（规则等适用于某人/事） apply for 申请（职位等） apply oneself to 致力于，专心于（+ n./doing） commit 相关短语 commit a crime 犯罪 commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于 commit to memory 记住 take 相关短语（进阶） take effect 生效 take priority over 比…优先 take issue with 不同意，争论 take for granted 认为…理所当然 come 相关短语（进阶） come into effect 生效 come to terms with 接受，妥协 come under fire 受到批评 come to light 暴露，为人所知 四、同义词辨析 obtain/acquire/attain obtain 获得（通过努力、请求得到具体物品或许可） acquire 习得，获得（知识、技能等抽象物，逐渐积累的过程） attain 达到，获得（目标、成就、水平等，常指较高层次） replace/substitute replace A with B 用B替换A（A被永久或长期替换） substitute A for B 用A代替B（常为临时替代） 注意介词不同：Substitute teachers for absent ones.（用代课老师顶替缺席的老师。） Replace butter with oil.（用油代替黄油。） persist/insist persist in (doing) sth 坚持做（不顾困难持续行动，中性或贬义） insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/主张（强调主张或要求） 接从句时：insist that…（should）do；persist 不接that从句。 exaggerate/overestimate exaggerate 夸大（说话或描述超出事实） overestimate 高估（对能力、难度等判断过高） puzzle/confuse puzzle 使困惑（因复杂难懂而困惑，强调思考过程） confuse 混淆；使糊涂（弄混两者；使思维混乱） 五、常考固定搭配 prevent/stop/prohibit… (from) doing 介词 from 在主动语态中可省略：The rain prevented us (from) going out. 但在被动语态中不可省略：We were prevented from going out. be concerned about/with/for be concerned about 担心 be concerned with 与…有关；关心（议题） be concerned for 为…感到担忧 on account of / due to / owing to 均表“由于”，但用法有别： due to + n. 通常作表语或后置定语：His absence was due to illness. owing to + n. 多作状语：The game was cancelled owing to rain. on account of + n. 状语，较正式。 not only…but also… 连接对等成分：Not only did he complain, but (also) he refused to pay. 注意：not only 位于句首时，其后的句子需部分倒装（如上例）。 more than 的多元用法 more than + 数字：超过（= over） more than + 形容词：非常（= very） more than + 名词：不仅仅是 more A than B：与其说是B，不如说是A 教材词汇临考抢分技巧 一、考前最后三天“聚焦”行动清单 核心原则：抓大放小，聚焦产出（写作+完形） 第1天：死磕“熟词生义”与“形近词” 专攻高频“变色龙”词汇（如：address, yield, harbour, exploit）。 默写区分三组“致命双胞胎”：adapt/adopt， complement/compliment， economic/economical。 第2天：攻克“动词短语”与“学术搭配” 背熟10个核心动词的固定搭配：apply to/for， commit to， account for， stem from等。 强化“介词”意识：be compatible with， be indicative of， in pursuit of。 第3天：打磨“写作词汇”与“逻辑信号” 准备3个“现象描述”高级开头句。 升级3组“低级到高级”的论证词汇。 默写5个不会错的“因果、对比、转折”逻辑连接词。 二、选择题抢分必杀技：90秒锁定答案 1. “熟词生义”题——语境剥离法 例题：The thermometer ______ a sudden drop in temperature. A. registered B. recorded C. marked D. listed 解题步骤： 识别陷阱：四个词都有“记录”的常见义。 剥离语境：主语是“温度计”，它并非主动“记录”，而是“显示读数”。 秒杀答案：只有 register 有“（仪表）显示，指示”的生义。选A。 口诀：常见词，不常见义；看主语，配功能。 2. 形近/义近词题——词根词缀破题法 例题：His ______ analysis of the problem impressed everyone. A. perceptive B. perceptional C. perceptible D. perceptual 解题步骤： 看词根：cept（拿，取）→ perceive（理解，察觉）。 辨后缀： -ive（有…性质的）→ perceptive（有洞察力的） -al（…的）→ perceptual（感知的）常与感官相关 -ible（可…的）→ perceptible（可察觉的） 定答案：修饰“分析”，需要“有洞察力的”。选A。 考场应急口诀：-ive 表能力，-al 表属性，-ible 表可能。 三、完形填空“逻辑与复现”双杀法 1. 上下文逻辑“三点定位” 看情感色彩：上文 dilemma（两难），下文空处常为 difficult/tough/hard。 看并列线索：not only... but also...， on the one hand... on the other... 前后词义常相近或相反。 看因果链条：so... that...， such... that... 空处常为程度形容词/副词。 2. 高频词“同义复现”秒杀 实战技巧： 若空格是名词（如：a ______），去前文找其“具体表现”或“后文找其总结词”。 若空格是动词（如：to ______ the trend），去前文找“目的”或“问题”，后文找“结果”。 例子：前文提到 lose biodiversity， 后文空 This ______ of species is alarming. 答案大概率是 loss 或 decline。 四、写作词汇“安全抢分”策略 1. 核心概念“一键升级”表 基础表达 升级版（更学术、精准） important crucial / critical / pivotal (关键的) different distinct / distinctive (前者表“不同”，后者表“独特”) solve the problem address / tackle the issue (解决问题) because of due to / owing to / on account of (注意用法区别) use utilize / employ / harness (利用) get obtain / acquire / attain (获得) can do be capable of / have the potential to (能够) 2. 论证句式“万能模板”3个 阐述观点： It is widely acknowledged that... However, this view fails to take into account... （众所周知…，然而这一观点未能考虑到…） 分析原因： A multitude of factors could account for this phenomenon, with ______ being the most significant one. （诸多因素可以解释此现象，其中______是最重要的一个。） 提出建议： Only by adopting a holistic approach can we hope to effectively ______. （只有采取系统性的方法，我们才有望有效地______。【倒装句，提分亮点】） 3. 最后检查“三必看” 看介词：apply to 还是 apply for？be concerned with 还是 about？ 看词性：economic 还是 economical？historic 还是 historical？ 看搭配：是 make a contribution to 还是 make contributions to？（都可，但别写错介词） 教材词汇必练题型 一、词义辨析选择题（聚焦抽象概念与学术词汇） 题型1：精准词义辨析 1. The two theories are fundamentally ______; you cannot believe both simultaneously. A. compatible B. contradictory C. complementary D. comparable 答案：B 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据“cannot believe both”（不能两者都信）的语境，需要“矛盾的”。A兼容的；B矛盾的；C互补的；D可比较的。 2. His ______ analysis of the market trends helped the company avoid a major loss. A. perceptive B. perceptional C. perceptible D. perceptual 答案：A 解析：考查以“percept-”为词根的形容词。-ive表“有…能力的”（perceptive有洞察力的）；-al表“与…有关的”（perceptual感知的）；-ible表“可…的”（perceptible可察觉的）。 题型2：情景逻辑辨析 — The committee still hasn’t reached a decision on the policy change. — I see. So they need more time to ______. A. negotiate B. deliberate C. speculate D. compensate 答案：B 解析：考查动词辨析。deliberate意为“慎重考虑，商议”，符合“委员会需要更多时间”做出决定的情景。 二、完形填空词汇专项（学术语篇导向） （选必三：文化保护主题） The 1 of cultural heritage is not merely about preserving old buildings; it involves maintaining the living spirit of traditions. When a community is 2 from its historical roots, a profound sense of loss can emerge. Therefore, any development plan must be 3 with conservation efforts. This requires a 4 approach that balances progress with identity. 1. A. conservation B. consumption C. conversation D. innovation 2. A. evolved B. divorced C. revolved D. involved 3. A. compatible B. comparable C. comfortable D. considerable 4. A. subtle B. sustainable C. sensitive D. successive 答案与解析： A。文化“保护”(conservation)是核心主题。consumption消费；conversation对话；innovation创新。 B。be divorced from “脱离，与…脱节”，符合“与历史根源脱离”的语义。 A。be compatible with “与…兼容，不冲突”，指发展规划需与保护工作兼容。 B。sustainable approach “可持续的方法”，是平衡发展与保护的常用表述。 三、语法填空词汇变形题（侧重构词法） 题型1：词根词缀派生 1. There is a growing ______ (aware) of mental health issues among teenagers. 答案：awareness。形容词aware → 名词awareness。 2. The ______ (interpret) of the data varies among different experts. 答案：interpretation。动词interpret → 名词interpretation。 3. His argument was logical but lacked ______ (empirical) evidence. 答案：empirical。需要形容词修饰evidence，empiric（经验主义者）→ empirical（经验主义的）。 题型2：反义与否定前缀 1. It is ______ (ethical) to use someone’s personal data without permission. 答案：unethical。ethical（道德的）→ 加否定前缀un-。 2.The statement was deliberately ______ (ambiguous) to avoid commitment. 答案：ambiguous。但此处需根据语义填其反义词。deliberately（故意地）暗示需要“模糊的”，ambiguous本身即“模棱两可的”。若改为“clear”则语义相反。 四、单词拼写与搭配题 1.The p________ (先前的) experience made him more cautious this time. 答案：previous。 2.We need to a________ (适应) our teaching methods to different learning styles. 答案：adapt。（注意区分adopt采用） 3.A strong sense of social r________ (责任) is crucial for citizens. 答案：responsibility。 4.The new evidence could p________ (可能地) lead to a retrial of the case. 答案：potentially。 5.The treaty aims to f________ (促进) economic cooperation between the two nations. 答案：facilitate。 五、短语搭配选择题（进阶搭配） 1. The new regulations will ______ next month. A. come into effect B. come to light C. come under fire D. come to terms 答案：A 解析：考查come短语。A生效；B显露；C受到批评；D妥协。法规“生效”符合逻辑。 2. Good communication is ______ a successful team. A. fundamental to B. familiar with C. characteristic of D. consistent with 答案：A 解析：考查形容词短语。A是…的基础；B熟悉；C是…的特征；D与…一致。“是成功团队的基础”最通顺。 六、词汇运用综合题（语篇语法填空） （选必二：科技伦理主题） The 1 (rapid) of technological advancement often 2 (shadow) the ethical dilemmas it creates. For instance, artificial intelligence, while 3 (efficiency), may lead to job displacement. Society must 4 (careful) 5 (weigh) the benefits against the potential harms. This requires not just technical expertise but also moral 6 (judge). 答案与解析： 1.rapidity。冠词the后需名词，rapid → rapidity。 2.overshadows。主语rapidity单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。overshadow“使黯然失色”符合语境。 3.efficient。while后接形容词，作让步状语。efficiency → efficient。 4.carefully。修饰动词weigh需用副词，careful → carefully。 5.weigh。must后接动词原形，weight（名词）→ weigh（动词）。 6.judgment。moral judgment“道德判断”，judge → judgment。 七、写作词汇升级与运用练习 1. 基础句升级（运用选必高阶词汇） 原句：This method has many good points. 升级：This approach boasts numerous merits and is highly adaptable to various situations. （用approach替代method，boasts merits替代has good points，加入adaptable） 原句：We should think about this problem in a complete way. 升级：We need to adopt a holistic perspective when addressing this issue. （用adopt a holistic perspective替代think in a complete way，addressing this issue替代think about this problem） 2. 段落翻译（综合运用） 请将以下中文大意用英文表达，注意使用括号内提示的词汇。 （大意：不可否认，网络言论的匿名性（anonymity）有时会助长不负责任的批评。这可能会破坏社会共识（consensus），侵蚀人与人之间的基本信任（erode trust）。因此，我们亟需在言论自由与社会责任之间取得平衡（strike a balance）。） 参考表达： There is no denying that the anonymity of online speech can sometimes facilitate irresponsible criticism, which may undermine social consensus and erode fundamental trust among people. Hence, it is imperative to strike a balance between freedom of expression and social responsibility. 教材词汇综合小测 单句语法填空 1.His suggestion is that the new rule ______ (take) effect immediately. 答案：(should) take 解析：suggestion, proposal, advice等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，常用虚拟语气，即“(should) + 动词原形”。 2.Only when you have experienced failure ______ you ______ (appreciate) the value of success. 答案：can; appreciate 解析：“only + 状语”位于句首时，主句需部分倒装（将情态动词、助动词或be动词提至主语前）。 3.The problems ______ (discuss) at tomorrow's meeting are of great importance. 答案：to be discussed 解析：此处用不定式作定语，表示将来发生的动作，且problem与discuss之间是被动关系，故用“to be done”形式。 4.It is vital that immediate measures ______ (take) to address the environmental issue. 答案：(should) be taken 解析：在“It is vital/essential/important that...”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。measure与take是被动关系。 5.Not until she explained it again ______ I ______ (understand) the complex theory. 答案：did; understand 解析：“not until”位于句首时，主句需部分倒装。根据时态一致，用一般过去时。 6.The scientist is devoted to ______ (find) a solution to the energy crisis. 答案：finding 解析：be devoted to中的“to”为介词，后接名词或动名词。 7.I'd rather you ______ (not mention) this matter to anyone else. 答案：didn't mention 解析：would rather后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。表示对现在或将来的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。 8.______ (expose) to the harsh weather for a long time, the equipment was severely damaged. 答案：Having been exposed 解析：非谓语动词作原因状语。逻辑主语the equipment与expose是被动关系，且“暴露”发生在“损坏”之前，故用现在分词完成被动式。 9.The lecture was so profound that it was beyond the ______ (able) of most freshmen. 答案：ability 解析：beyond one's ability为固定短语，意为“超出某人的能力”。the后需接名词。 10.It was his positive attitude towards setbacks ______ inspired all of us. 答案：that 解析：此句为强调句型“It was...that...”，强调主语“his positive attitude towards setbacks”。 11.The manager demanded that the report ______ (submit) by 5 p.m. today. 答案：(should) be submitted 解析：demand, order, require等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。report与submit是被动关系。 12.Under no circumstances ______ we ______ (ignore) the safety regulations. 答案：should; ignore 解析：含有否定意义的短语“under no circumstances”位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。此处表示“决不”，语气强烈，常用“should we do”结构。 13.The novel, ______ (set) in 19th century London, depicts the struggles of the lower class. 答案：set 解析：非谓语动词作定语，修饰novel。novel与set（以...为背景）之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。 14.Hardly ______ he ______ (arrive) home when he was asked to go back to the office. 答案：had; arrived 解析：“hardly...when...”句型中，hardly部分常用过去完成时，且当hardly位于句首时，其所在句子需部分倒装（将had提至主语前）。 15.The key to ______ (solve) the problem lies in innovative thinking. 答案：solving 解析：the key to...中的“to”为介词，后接名词或动名词。 16.He speaks about space exploration as if he ______ (be) an astronaut himself. 答案：were 解析：as if引导的方式状语从句，表示与现在事实不符的假设（他不是宇航员），用虚拟语气，be动词常用were。 17.There is a growing tendency for young people ______ (prefer) digital reading. 答案：to prefer 解析：tendency后常接不定式作定语，意为“……的趋势”。 18.So absorbed ______ she in her experiment that she forgot the time. 答案：was 解析：“so + 形容词/副词”位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。主语是she，故将was提至主语前。 19.The agreement, once ______ (sign), will be legally binding. 答案：signed 解析：“once + 过去分词”作状语，表示“一旦被签署”。agreement与sign是被动关系。 20.It is high time that we ______ (reflect) on the impact of technology on our lives. 答案：reflected / should reflect 解析：“It is (high) time that...”从句中，谓语动词用过去式或“should + 动词原形”，表示“早该做某事了”。 21.The reason why he failed was ______ he lacked practical experience. 答案：that 解析：引导表语从句，说明reason的具体内容，且从句成分完整，故用从属连词that。 22.The more you practice critical thinking, the ______ (good) your decision-making ability will become. 答案：better 解析：“the + 比较级， the + 比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”。 23.Nobody except two experts ______ (have) been able to decipher the ancient script. 答案：has 解析：主语是nobody，谓语动词用单数。except引导的短语不影响主语的数。 24.The documentary is reported ______ (win) several international awards so far. 答案：to have won 解析：主语是动作的承受者，常用“is reported/said/believed + to do”结构。so far提示动作已完成，故用不定式完成式to have won。 25.He would rather ______ (resign) than compromise his principles. 答案：resign 解析：would rather do than do，为固定搭配，意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。 26.Weather ______ (permit), the outdoor ceremony will be held as scheduled. 答案：permitting 解析：此处为独立主格结构作条件状语，逻辑主语weather与permit是主动关系，故用现在分词。 27.It was not until the evidence was presented ______ he admitted his mistake. 答案：that 解析：此句为强调句型“It was not until...that...”，强调时间状语。 28.The teacher stressed the significance of ______ (punctual). 答案：punctuality 解析：介词of后应接名词或动名词。punctual的名词形式是punctuality。 29.I can hardly imagine him ______ (achieve) such a breakthrough in a short time. 答案：achieving 解析：imagine sb doing sth为固定用法，意为“想象某人做某事”。 30.The company is said ______ (invest) heavily in renewable energy research next year. 答案：to be going to invest / to invest 解析：“is said”后接不定式。next year表示将来，可用to be going to invest或to invest。 31.______ (judge) from the survey results, public satisfaction has increased. 答案：Judging 解析：“Judging from/by...”为固定短语，在句中作独立成分，不受主语影响。 32.It is his perseverance, rather than his talent, ______ has led to his success. 答案：that 解析：此句为强调句型“It is...that...”，强调主语“his perseverance”。rather than连接的部分是插入语。 33.The debate centered on how ______ (balance) economic growth with environmental protection. 答案：to balance 解析：“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。 34.He insisted that he ______ (be) innocent and that he ______ (release) immediately. 答案：was; (should) be released 解析：第一个insist表示“坚持认为”，从句用陈述语气，根据语境用一般过去时；第二个insist表示“坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，且he与release是被动关系。 35.With all the preparations ______ (complete), we are ready for the launch. 答案：completed 解析：“with + 宾语 + 宾补”的独立主格结构作状语。preparations与complete是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。 36.Little ______ the researchers ______ (know) that their discovery would revolutionize the field. 答案：did; know 解析：含有否定意义的词“little”位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。根据时态，用一般过去时。 37.The method proves ______ (be) highly effective in improving efficiency. 答案：to be 解析：prove后可接“to be + 形容词/名词”，表示“被证明是……”。主动形式“proves to be”常用来表示被动含义。 38.He avoided ______ (make) any comment on the controversial issue. 答案：making 解析：avoid后接动名词作宾语。 39.The data ______ (collect) from the experiment is being analyzed. 答案：collected 解析：非谓语动词作定语，修饰data。data与collect之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。 40.It's the most challenging project that I ______ ever ______ (undertake). 答案：have; undertaken 解析：在“It is the + 序数词/最高级 + 名词 + that...”句型中，that从句常用现在完成时。 41.She is one of the few students who ______ (be) awarded the scholarship. 答案：have been 解析：当“one of + 复数名词”后的定语从句修饰复数名词时，从句谓语动词用复数。students与award是被动关系，且强调结果，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 42.He left the room without ______ (say) goodbye to anyone. 答案：saying 解析：without是介词，后接名词或动名词。 43.The house ______ (face) south gets plenty of sunlight. 答案：facing 解析：非谓语动词作定语，修饰house。house与face（朝向）之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。 44.It is no good ______ (complain) without taking action. 答案：complaining 解析：“It is no good/use doing sth”为固定句型，意为“做某事没有好处/用处”。 45.His speech was so inspiring that it left a deep ______ (impress) on the audience. 答案：impression 解析：leave a deep impression on sb为固定短语，意为“给某人留下深刻印象”。 46.The new policy is aimed at ______ (promote) the development of small businesses. 答案：promoting 解析：aim at中的“at”为介词，后接名词或动名词。 47.______ (compare) with traditional methods, the new technique saves more time. 答案：Compared 解析：非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语the new technique与compare是被动关系，故用过去分词。 48.I have no doubt ______ he will fulfill his promise. 答案：that 解析：doubt后的同位语从句，在肯定句中一般用that引导。 49.He is too experienced a negotiator ______ (fall) for such a simple trick. 答案：to fall 解析：“too + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + to do”为固定结构，意为“太……而不至于做……”。 50.The population of this city ______ (be) much larger than that of my hometown. 答案：is 解析：population作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。比较的是人口数量，用that指代the population。 语篇填空（回归教材） 说明：阅读短文，根据上下文填入适当的单词，每空一词。注意词的形式变化。 第一篇：科技与人工智能（选必一 Unit 2） Artificial Intelligence is transforming our world. It holds great ______ (1) for enhancing productivity but also poses ethical ______ (2). The ______ (3) of AI on employment is a major concern, as automation may replace certain jobs. Therefore, it's crucial to develop a regulatory ______ (4) and foster digital ______ (5) to ensure AI's responsible and ______ (6) development for the benefit of humanity. 答案：1. potential 2. dilemmas 3. impact 4. framework 5. literacy 6. sustainable 第二篇：文化遗产（选必一 Unit 3） Cultural heritage, tangible or intangible, is a ______ (7) to our history. However, it faces threats from various factors. ______ (8) efforts involving restoration and digital ______ (9) are essential. Raising public ______ (10) is key, as it encourages community ______ (11) in preservation activities, ensuring these treasures are ______ (12) for future generations. 答案：7. bridge 8. Conservation 9. archiving 10. awareness 11. participation 12. inherited 第三篇：情绪智力（选必二 Unit 2） Emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one's own emotions and ______ (13) with others empathetically. It's a ______ (14) skill for personal and professional success. Developing self-______ (15) is the first step, which allows for better emotional ______ (16). High emotional intelligence contributes to effective ______ (17) resolution and building ______ (18) relationships. 答案：13. interacting 14. critical 15. awareness 16. regulation 17. conflict 18. resilient 第四篇：生态保护（选必二 Unit 3） Maintaining ecological ______ (19) is crucial. Human activities like pollution and deforestation cause ______ (20) to it. Protecting biodiversity is a priority, as each species has a ______ (21) in the ecosystem. Establishing nature ______ (22) and promoting ______ (23) consumption are vital steps towards ecological ______ (24). 答案：19. balance 20. damage 21. role 22. reserves 23. sustainable 24. restoration 第五篇：艺术价值（选必三 Unit 1） The value of art lies not only in its beauty but also in its capacity to ______ (25) thought and reflect society. A ______ (26) analysis of art involves examining its historical ______ (27) and the artist's ______ (28). Art can challenge ______ (29) and offer new ______ (30), enriching our understanding of the world. 答案：25. provoke 26. critical 27. context 28. perspective 29. norms 30. insights 第六篇：经济全球化（选必三 Unit 2） Economic globalization has led to a highly ______ (31) global market. It promotes economic ______ (32) but also intensifies ______ (33) between nations. While offering benefits like more choices, it may exacerbate income ______ (34) and pose challenges to local ______ (35). Balancing global integration with national interests remains a complex ______ (36). 答案：31. interconnected 32. growth 33. competition 34. inequality 35. industries 36. issue 第七篇：法律与社会（选必三 Unit 4） The rule of law is the ______ (37) of a just society. Legal ______ (38) empowers citizens to understand their rights and seek ______ (39) when necessary. An independent ______ (40) system ensures fairness. Promoting legal literacy is fundamental for fostering civic ______ (41) and maintaining social ______ (42). 答案：37. foundation 38. awareness 39. justice 40. judicial 41. engagement 42. stability 第八篇：生物伦理（选必四 Unit 1） Advances in biotechnology, such as gene editing, raise profound ethical ______ (43). Debates often revolve around the ______ (44) of life and the ______ (45) of scientific intervention. While promising for curing diseases, the risk of ______ (46) exists. Establishing clear ethical ______ (47) and ensuring ______ (48) oversight are imperative. 答案：43. controversies 44. sanctity 45. boundaries 46. misuse 47. guidelines 48. transparent 第九篇：工程与社会（选必四 Unit 2） Engineering carries social ______ (49). Engineers must consider the environmental ______ (50) of projects. ______ (51) design emphasizes safety, inclusivity, and sustainability. Conducting thorough risk ______ (52) and public consultation is essential. The goal is to create innovations that ______ (53) positively to society. 答案：49. responsibility 50. impact 51. Innovative 52. assessment 53. contribute 第十篇：全球挑战（选必四 Unit 3） Addressing ______ (54) challenges like climate change requires international ______ (55). Effective global ______ (56) demands that countries ______ (57) part of their sovereignty. International ______ (58) and treaties are key tools. Success depends on building ______ (59) and a shared sense of ______ (60) among nations. 答案：54. transnational 55. cooperation 56. governance 57. cede 58. agreements 59. trust 60. responsibility 10 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $