Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar&usage（课件）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 3 The world online Grammar & Usage 高中英语译林2020版 必修三 1 Contents 1. Lead in 2. Exploring the rules 3. Target Grammar Presentation 4. Guided Practice 5. Summary 6. Homework Verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements PART ONE Lead-in 3 Role play A: What will you do if you want to learn how to dance? B: First, I’ll choose a favorite dance style, then take classes with a professional teacher to master the basics. A: How will you keep improving your dancing? B: I’ll practice every day and watch dance videos to learn more skills. A: What’s the key to learning dancing well? B: I think the key is to keep practicing and be persistent. Read the article of part A and answer the following questions. 1 Why did Fiona Lin set up the website JustDance? 2 What is Fiona Lin’s future plan? To introduce more people to dance since she had realized that dance had a very positive effect on her own daughter. She hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media, for example, through an app. Skimming PART TWE Exploring the rules 6 Exploring the rules Anna is reading an article about a website. Find the verb-ing forms in the table below. JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. Fiona Lin, the lady running the website, had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago. It occurred to her that dance had a very positive effect on her daughter. “My daughter just loved her ballet classes. She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school,” she said. Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set up JustDance. Over 300 users joined in the first month. Taking advantage of the site’s great start, Fiona decided to add more content. Now users can find whatever they are interested in on the website—introductions to various styles of dancing, tips for dancing and videos on how to dance. The website welcomes inspiring stories from dance lovers about how they started dancing and how dance has changed their lives. There is also a forum where users can discuss all sorts of topics on dancing. More than 10,000 users visit JustDance on a regular basis. Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. For example, she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users’ needs. Exploring the rules Verb-ing forms as attributives a website belonging to all dance lovers Verb-ing forms as adverbials Taking advantage of the site's great start Verb-ing forms as object complements she watched her daughter dancing the lady running the website inspiring stories Having achieved such success She always found dance relaxing Working out the rules The verb-ing form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) _______ (active/passive) meaning. When the verb–ing form is used as an attributive, it often comes (2) ______ (before/after) the noun, but the verb-ing phrase used as an attributive is usually put (3) ______(before/after) the noun. When used as an adverbial, the verb-ing form can express time, reason, purpose, result or condition. The verb-ing form can also be used as an object complement. active before after PART THREE Target Grammar Presentation 10 动词-ing形式作定语、状语、宾补 1. 动词-ing形式作定语 可表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经常存在的状态。 a ___________ girl =a girl that is dancing dancing a __________ boy =a boy who is sleeping sleeping the______ sun=the sun that is rising rising the professor______________ = the professor who is giving a lecture giving a lecture 1.单个的现在分词作定语,放在被修饰词的______, 现在分词短语则放在被修饰词的______。 2.现在分词作定语，表示_______和_______的意思。 表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 前面 后面 主动 进行 3.现在分词作定语，可改为__________，从句时态视情况而定。 定语从句 1. Don’t wake up the sleeping baby. Don’t wake up the baby who is sleeping. 2. I live in a house facing the south. I live in a house which faces the south. 将-ing 形式改为定语从句。 表示正在进行的动作， 改为定语从句时要用进行时态。 表示经常性的动作，或现在（或当时）的状态， 变为从句时， 用一般时态。 a washing machine a swiming pool a waiting room a reading room = a machine for washing = a pool for swimming = a room for waiting = a room for reading a sleeping baby boiling water a barking dog falling leaves = a baby that is sleeping = water that is boiling = a dog that is barking = leaves that are falling 动名词表示所修饰名词的用途或性能。 现在分词作定语表达的是所修饰的人或物的动作或状态。 2. 动词-ing形式作状语 表示原因、条件、时间、伴随情况等。 ________ill, he stays at home. Because he is ill, he stays at home. Being 原因状语 条件状语 ______________, you will succeed. Working hard If you work hard, you will succeed. _________ his mother, the baby bursts into laughter. When he sees his mother, the baby bursts into laughter. Sseing 时间状语 伴随状语 They sit on the sofa, ________TV. watching They sit on the sofa and watch TV. 1) 动词-ing形式用作状语时, 可以在前面加连词。如： While watching TV, Grandpa fell asleep. Though living near the cinema, I seldom go there. 2) 动词-ing形式用作状语时, 有完成式和被动式。如: Having worked for over 30 years, Mr Wang retired last month. Having been raised on a farm, Tim knows a lot about farm animals. 3) 动词-ing形式用作状语时, 其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如: Being tired, John had a rest. (正确) Being tired, I asked John to have a rest. (错误) 2. 动词-ing形式作状语 __________________ (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. _____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. Having spent Having been asked 动词-ing 形式的被动式分一般式和完成式 1. 一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。 2. 完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。 　语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 完成式 (not) doing (not) being done (not) having done (not) having been done 3. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示正在进行的活动或反复的动作。 1). 以现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词：look at, see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, find, feel等。 2).在have、keep、set、get等表示 “使” “让” 的动词后作宾语补足语 The teachers’ words set me thinking. 3).现在分词用于_______ 复合结构中作宾补 With so many people looking at her , she felt nervous . with We can see the train __________ . passing by 一些常见短语的后面通常接v-ing形式，而不跟动词不定式。 would you mind… 介意 …… look forward to…期待…… can't stand…不能忍受…… put off… 推迟…… give up… 放弃… stick to… 坚持…… be worth… 值得… can‘t help…情不自禁… feel like…想要…… It's no use / good...……无用的 keep on…继续…… devote to…专心…… be busy…忙着…… get down to…着手做…… 某些动词如forget、regret、remember、mean、和try等之后既可以接v-ing形式又可以接动词不定式，但语义不同。比较如下： regret to do: 抱歉/遗憾要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事 forget to do: 忘记去做某事 forget doing: 忘记已做了某事 remember to do: 记得要做某事 remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事 mean to do: 打算做某事 mean doing: 意味着做某事 stop to do: 停下来做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事 由名词或者代词加上分词等词构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。 构成： 名词（代词） +现在分词（过去分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语） *动词-ing 形式作状语，有时有自己独立的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构。通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可表示时间，原因，条件。 The meeting being over, all of us went home. Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. The condition being favourable, he may succeed. There being no taxis, we had to walk. 独立主格 注意 现在分词作评注性状语 评注性状语是修饰整个句子 / 说话人观点的状语，非修饰句中某一动词；现在分词作评注性状语时，不受句子逻辑主语限制，独立表达说话人的评价、判断、总结等，也叫独立评注成分。 多位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开（少数可在句中 / 句末）； 分词固定化，多为固定搭配，无主动 / 进行含义，仅表说话人态度； 不随主句时态 / 主语变化，无需考虑逻辑主语一致 generally speaking 一般来说 judging by / from ... 从 ...... 判断 taking everything into consideration全盘考虑 Judging by his accent, he must be from the south. Strictly speaking, he is not a qualified teacher. 注意 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated. 2. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants. 3. Every time Gina catches her employees _______(waste) time，she reminds them that time is priceless. 4. I’m sorry to have kept you _______(wait) for so long. 5. ____________(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. allowing ranging wasting waiting Having spent Practice PART FOUR Guided Practice 24 B1 Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. 1. I saw that Jess was doing research online in the computer room. I saw ______________________ in the computer room. 2. Anybody who goes online should be careful about their personal information. ___________________ should be careful about their personal information. Jess doing research online Anybody going online Applying the rules 3. When he heard the news, he jumped for joy. _______________________, he jumped for joy. 4. After I searched the Internet for information, I started writing my article. _______________________________________, I started writing my article. Hearing the news Having searched the Internet for information Practice B2 Anna is having a conversation with her friend Jen. Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below. amaze cut have run use think Anna: Jen, I love your new haircut. It looks great! Jen: Thanks! I chose it online. I was always worried about picking a wrong style. That got me (1) __________- what if someone could choose it for me? Anna: What do you mean? Jen: I found this (2) ________ app. If you upload a photo of your face, it'll recommend a few haircuts to you. Anna: Sounds super, but what if I don't like the recommended haircuts? thinking amazing Practice Jen: In that case, you can choose different styles from hundreds of hairstyles and try them out. You can also share pictures of your chosen haircuts on social media and let your friends choose one for you! Anna: Cool! What did the person (3) ________ your hair think about the app? Jen: She said it would make her job easier. (4) _________ apps like this, people are more likely to find satisfactory haircuts. Anna: I agree. (5) ___________ a few bad haircuts myself, I'm always a little nervous about having a new haircut. I'll download it and get it (6) ___________. amaze cut have run use think cutting Using Having had running 用所给动词的V-ing形式填空，并判断其在句中充当的成分。 1. The girl __________ (stand) under the tree is my sister. (作______语) 2. __________ (not know) her address, I couldn’t visit her. (作______语) standing 定 Not knowing 状 解析：修饰“The girl”，意为“站在树下的女孩”。“站在树下”是主动、正在进行的动作，用V-ing。这是V-ing短语作后置定语。 解析：表示原因。逻辑主语是“I”。“我不知道她的地址”是“我没能去拜访她”的原因。否定形式在V-ing前加not。 Practice 3. We heard someone __________ (sing) in the next room last night. (作 ______语) 4. The __________ (excite) crowd cheered for the team. (作______语) singing 宾语补足 exciting 定 解析：在感官动词heard之后，补充说明宾语someone正在进行的动作，意为“听见有人在唱歌”。 解析：注意：此处原题为陷阱。excite的V-ing形式exciting修饰物，意为“令人兴奋的”；excited修饰人，意为“感到兴奋的”。根据crowd，应填exciting（令人兴奋的人群）。 Practice 1. The picture ______ on the wall was painted by my nephew. A. hanged B. hanging C. being hang D. hangs 2. ______ the homework, the student went out to play. A. Finished B. Having finished C. Finishing D. To finish B。 解析：The picture和hang是主动关系（画挂在墙上），且表示状态。hanging作后置定语，相当于which is hanging。A项hanged是“绞死”的过去分词，C项形式错误，D项是谓语动词，但本句已有谓语was painted。 B。 解析：the student是finish的逻辑主语，且是主动关系。finish的动作发生在went out之前，所以需要用V-ing的完成式Having finished作时间状语。A项Finished是过去分词，表被动，不合逻辑。 Practice 选择正确的选项补全句子。 3. I’m sorry to have kept you ______ for so long. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 4. The news sounds ______. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage C。 解析：keep sb. doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人一直做某事”。waiting作宾语you的补足语。 A。 解析：sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语。news是物，用encouraging（令人鼓舞的）来描述其特性。encouraged（感到受鼓舞的）用来形容人。 将下面每组句子合并成含有verb-ing的句子，句意保持不变。 1. We climbed to the top of the tower. We saw fantastic scenery. 2. Larry went out. Larry shut the door behind him. 3. The village is made up of 490 families. The 490 families belong to five nationalities. 4. Many Chinese brands have developed their reputations over centuries. They are facing new challenges from the modern market. Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw fantastic scenery. Larry went out shutting the door behind him. Having developed their reputations over centuries, many Chinese brands are facing new challenges from the modern market. The village is made up of 490 families belonging to five nationalities. Practice 1. JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. belong: if something belongs somewhere, that is the right place or situation for it vi. 应在（某处）；能适应 e.g. Put the chair back where it belongs. belong to: if something belongs to someone, they own it 属于 (无进行和被动) e.g. The book belongs to Dan. (翻译) belongings n. (pl.) 财产; 所有物; 财物 personal belongings 个人财物 【语境应用】句型转换。 1) The boy is a member of a football club and plays every Saturday. →The boy ____________ a football club and plays every Saturday. belongs to 完成句子。 2) First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feels that they _________ (属于) a particular group. 3) Have you ever __________________________ (是这支足球队的成员吗)? belong to  belonged to this football team Practice 2. Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set up JustDance. set up a company/school/hospital 创办公司 / 建立学校 / 设立医院 set up a system/rule 建立系统 / 制定规则 set up a tent/equipment 搭建帐篷 / 安装设备 set up an experiment 安排实验 They set up a charity to help poor children. 他们创办了一家慈善机构帮助贫困儿童。 We set up a meeting with the manager next week. 我们安排了下周和经理的会面。 【拓展】常用短语 set about  开始（做某事）；攻击 set aside 将……放在一边；不理会；留出 set down  放下；记下           set off  动身，出发；引起；燃放，使……爆炸  set out  动身，出发；打算，开始（做某事）；列举；摆好 She set about doing her homework as soon as she got home. The teacher set out the rules clearly at the beginning of the term. Please set down the important points while listening. We should set aside our differences and work together. 【语境应用】根据括号内所给提示，用set短语完成句子。 1) You must be careful when _________________ (放烟火). 2) He liked the novel so much that he _____________________ (放下他自己的工作) and translated it into German. 3) A committee _________________ (已经被建立) to organize social events in the college. 4) They ___________________ (出发去北京) early the next morning. setting off fireworks set aside his own work  has been set up      set off / out for Beijing Practice Summary Homework Finish exercise on workbook. Write five sentences using verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. Thanks for listening! 40 $