2026届高考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练 定语从句 讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考定语从句核心考点，涵盖关系代词、关系副词、“介词+关系代词”、as/which引导及way/time特殊用法，按基础到特殊逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理明确用法规则，方法指导解析解题步骤，真题训练对接语法填空、短文改错等题型，助力学生系统突破难点。 资料创新采用对比辨析与易错点聚焦策略，如通过as与which功能对比、way后关系词选用规则分析，培养学生思维品质。设置单句填空、改错及语篇填空分层练习，配合即时反馈，提升学习能力，为教师把控复习节奏、学生高效提升应考能力提供有力支持。

高中英语二轮语法定语从句精讲精炼 一、知识点梳理 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 ①The people who succeed in learning languages often fail in other fields. 那些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。 ②The man (who/whom) you met today morning is our English teacher. 你今天早上遇见的那个人是我们的英语老师。 ③Children who don’t often exercise or whose diet is high/rich in fat will gain weight quickly. 不经常体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 考点总结 1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 2．that，which引导的定语从句 ①Daily China attracts the readers worldwide ，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《中国日报》吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。 ②When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest. 当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。 ③All the people that come from China work much harder. 所有来自中国的人都工作更努力。 ④The first place that they visited in Nanjing was Confucius Temple. 在南京他们参观的第一个地方是夫子庙。 ⑤Is this the book which you are looking for? 这是你在找的那本吗？ ⑥Tom talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that city. 汤姆谈到了他在那个城市所见到的人和所参观的地方。 考点总结 1．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。 2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 3．下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句 ①Opposite is Tian’anmen Square ，where you can see the raising of the national flag. 对面是天安门广场，在那里你能看见升国旗。 ②We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。 ③The reason why I don't believe in him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 ④They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 考点总结 1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的 定语从句 ①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens go in for. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所从事的事业。 ②The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。 ③Recently I bought a house, the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个一座房子，它的价钱很合理。 ④He looked out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他向窗外望了望，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) 考点总结 1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 2．该结构中介词的选用 (1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手： ①先行词的意义； ②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配； ③句子的意思。 (2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构： ①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 ②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。 (3)有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 考点四　as，which引导的定语从句 ①The number of new-born babies，as is reported，has dropped by 20 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，新出生婴儿数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之二十。 ②It is a truly tremendous place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 这真是一个美轮美奂的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。 ③Last term our physics teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句) Last term our physics teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句) 上学期物理老师出了一道很难的物理题，没有一个人能解出来。 ④I would like to borrow the same tool as you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天用的那种工具。 I would like to borrow the same tool that you used yesterday. 我想借用你昨天用的那件工具。 考点总结 1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．as常用在下列习惯用语中： as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。 4．“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so...as...”表示“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 5．“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物，而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。 考点五　way和time后接定语从句的 情况 ①What interested me was not what he said but the way he said it. 让我感兴趣的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 ②The way　our English Mr. Zhang explained to us was quite simple. 我们的英语老师张老师向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 ③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in trouble. 你陷入困境中已经不是第一次了。 ④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing students in every subject. 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 考点总结 1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 二、高考实战 ◆定语从句与语法填空 定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。 [典题试做1] 在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词 1.My connection with lions goes back to my days on a TV programme in the year 2020，________ I was the first Western TV reporter... 2.They think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from about 551 to 479 B．C.，had an influence on the development of chopsticks. 3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 4． I'm looking forward to visiting Guilin，a dream place for tourists exploring the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 5． The CEO of the cooperation is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 6．Look!The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for you. 7． As the smallest child of his family，Tom is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 答案：1.when这个句子中先行词是the year 2020,代表时间，在从句作时间状语，因为后面从句，是主系表结构，不缺主语。 　2.who本句中先行词是Confucius,表示人，在后面从句中作主语 　3.which　本句先行词是theories 表示物，在后面从句中作介词of的宾语 4.that/which本句中先行词tops and waters,表示物，在后面从句中作主语 5．where本句中先行词是atmosphere 表示物，在后面从句中作地点状语，从句是主谓宾结构，主语，宾语都不缺　 6.whose本句中先行词是books,表示物，在从句中作covers 的定语 7.when本句中先行词是time,在后面从句中作时间状语 [应对策略1] 一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。 ◆定语从句与短文改错 短文改错中对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的错用。 [典题试做2] 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1． The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.________ 2． It is wise to have as many good friends that we can.________ 答案：1.what→that/which或去掉what本句中是定语从句，先行词是dishes,表示物，在从句中应该作宾语　 2.that→as 本句中，应该是个定语从句can 后面省略了have,先行词是friends,引导词本应该用that或者which，在从句中作have的宾语，但是本句中先行词被as修饰，所以引导词应该换成as [应对策略2] 确定定语从句中关系词的步骤： 1．找出先行词； 2．看先行词被代入从句后在句子中的成分(作主语、宾语还是状语)； 3．选择合适的关系词。 ◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 (一)定语从句意识缺失 1．关系代词被普通代词取代 (误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite. 本句子结构错误，既不是简单句也不是复合句，也不是并列句，两个谓语动词，没有并列词也没有引导词，如果写成I have many collections of stamps，and some_of_them are my favorite.是正确的（并列句） (正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite.（复合句） 2．关系代词遗漏 (误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.（作主语的关系代词不可以省略） (正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (二)假冒伪劣的定语从句 1．有从无主式 (误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies. 笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 2．从句成分残缺式 (误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. (正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. 第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。 3．画蛇添足式 (误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents. (误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。 第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。 三、高效练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1． Once there lived a rich man________wanted to do something for the people of his town. 2． Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon，________calls for our great concern. 3． He led me to a table and poured tea，and I asked him why he had placed a “Sold Out” sign on the door on a night________there were thirty vacant tables. 4． They think it may be something unusual________lives in the water. 5． The gentleman，________I had been calling “sir” during the whole interview，was wearing a skirt. 答案： 1.who先行词是man,表示人，定语从句中作主语 2.which　先行词是phenomenon表示物，在定语从句中作主语 3.when先行词是night,表示时间，在后面定语从句中作时间状语　 4.that先行词是something 不定代词，在后面定语从句中作主语 5．who/whom先行词是gentleman表示人，在定语从句中作宾语 Ⅱ.单句改错 1．I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers，that has a great effect on my life.________ 2．I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.________ 3．The visitors saw rows of houses，the roofs of whose are red.________ 4．Please tell me the way which you did the job.________ 5．Little what is helpful to our work has been done .________ 答案： 1.that→which　非限制性定语从句，逗号后面，并且表示整句话的意思，作主语 2.when→which/that或去掉when此处引导词代表evenings，但是在后面定语从句中作 spent的宾语 3.whose→which　这里的引导词应该作of的宾语 4.which→that或去掉which或which前加in这里的引导词不是作主语或者宾语，应该作方式状语　 5.what→that这里应该是定语从句，而不是名词性从句 Ⅲ.语法填空 A(定语从句专练) There was a time 1.________I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.________my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3.________I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide,4.________teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face－to－face，from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7.________encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8.________I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.________our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.” 答案： 1.when　2.why　3.where　4.whose5．which　 6.that/which　7.who　8.which9.which　10.As B The matter of uniform has come up a lot.Schools in different countries have different 1.________(rule) about uniforms.Some argue that dressing all the same is likely to make students have no thoughts of their own.They think children are 2.________(little) creative if they are not allowed to express themselves.However，more than 50 pupils 3.________(send) home from a Nottingham school after turning up in improper footwear—including flip－flops (人字拖)．About 100 pupils,4.________broke the school's uniform regulations，are reported to have been taken out of class 5.________the first day of this term，with 56 sent home 6.________(change) after their parents were called.The uniform policy has been carried out by 7.________ new head，Dave Hooker.Hooker said，“Being properly 8.________(dress)，whether for school or work，is a lesson that will benefit all our students throughout their lives.” In his opinion，9.________(wear) a school uniform helps to make children all equal and makes 10.________(they) proud to be part of their school. 答案：1.rules　2.less　3.were sent　4.who　5.on　 6.to change　7.the　8.dressed 9．wearing　10.them 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $