人教版阅读理解细节理解题同义替换归纳知识清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习

【高中英语】阅读理解细节理解题同义替换归纳 高频同义转换（动词类） 释义 同义表达 释义 同义表达 开展；执行 conduct = carry out 预定 book = reserve = order 取悦；逗笑 please = amuse = entertain 提升 improve = promote = enhance 保证 guarantee = ensure = make sure 记录 document = record 拒绝 reject = refuse = turn down = decline 收到 receive = accept 观察；发现 see = observe = notice = spot 搜寻 search = explore = seek 连接 connect = link = relate = associate 使沮丧 discourage = frustrate =upset=disappoint 租用 rent = hire 破坏 ruin = destroy = damage = violate 宣布；告知 declare = announce = inform 划分 divide = separate = part with 完成；达成 complete=fulfill =accomplish = achieve 延迟 delay = put off = postpone 提供；供给 give = supply = provide = offer 鼓励；激励 encourage=motivate =stimulate = inspire=spur 欣赏 admire=appreciate 移除；摆脱 remove=get rid of 证明 prove=turn out 拥有 possess=own 决定 decide=determine=resolve 获得 get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 高频同义转换（名词类） 释义 同义表达 释义 同义表达 数据 data = statistics 特征 feature = characteristics 小说 novel = fiction 职业 career = occupation 方法；途径 approach=way=method=means 实验 experiment = trial 感恩 gratitude = appreciation 性格 personality = character 压力 stress = pressure 起源；先驱 origin = pioneer 环境 circumstance=environment=atmosphere 创新 creation = innovation 成就 achievement = accomplishment 认可 acknowledgement = recognition 选择 option = choice = selection 材料；资源 material = resource 行李 luggage = baggage = package 规则；规范 rule = regulation = principle 方向；准则 direction = discipline = guideline 重要性 importance = significance 同事 colleague=coworker 文章 essay=passage=article=text 阅读理解细节理解题同义替换归纳 高频同义转换（形容词副词类） 释义 同义表达 释义 同义表达 美味的 delicious=tasty 明显的 obvious=evident=striking 专注的 attentive=focused 精确的 accurate=exact=correct 最初的 original=initial 真实的 authentic=true=genuine 最终的 final=eventual=ultimate 吓人的 thrilling=frightening=scary 激动的 thrilled=excited 无聊的 dull=boring 勇敢的 brave=courageous 额外的 extra=additional 开心的 glad=pleased=delighted 感动的 touched=moved 可获得的 accessible=available=at hand 适合的 appropriate=proper=suitable 迷人的 appealing=attractive=fascinating 复杂的 complex=complicated 安全的 safe=secure 困难的 difficult=challenging=demanding 高频同义转换（高频短语类） 释义 同义表达 释义 同义表达 悠久的 time-honored=has a long history 提前 ahead of time=in advance=previous 旅游景点 places of interest=tourist attraction 跟上 keep up with=catch up with 导致 result in=lead to=contribute to =bring about=cause 参加 join in=take part in=participate in =get involved in=be engaged in 处理 deal with=cope with=solve =handle with=address 采取行动 take action=take measures =take steps to 在某人看来 from one's perspective =from one's point of view =in one's opinion 由...组成 consist of =be made up of =be comprised of = be composed of 支持；赞同 in favor of=favorable =agree with=approve of 充满 be filled with=be charged with =be full of 习惯于 be accustomed=to be used to doing 为...作准备 get ready for=be prepared for 防止 prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from 专注于 focus on =concentrate on=center on 变成 transform A into B=turn A into B =change A into B 坚持 hold on to=insist=stick to 长期 in the long term=in the long run 与..保持联系 keep in touch with=contact with 与此同时 at the same time=meanwhile 发表演讲 give a lecture=deliver a speech 为...自豪 be proud of=take pride in 动身去某地 head into=leave for 到达；靠近 arrive at=reach=get to=approach 不管；不顾 in spite of=despite=regardless of 尝试 try to do=attempt to 偶然碰到 run into=come across 取代；代替 take the place of =replace=instead of 偶尔；时不时 from time to time=once in a while 被...困住 be caught in=be trapped in 一会儿 for a moment=for a while 一系列 a collection of =a series of 弄清楚 figure out=find out 吸引..的注意 draw one's attention =attract one's attention 渴望... be desperate for=desire for =be thirsty for ◎阅读理解细节理解题真题应用 B（2024 新课标 II卷B篇） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt—like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 1. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 2. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 3. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 4. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 【答案】1.C 2. B 3.A 4. D C Doctors have been treating the symptoms of most diseases, and not the source, for centuries. They have cut out tumors (肿瘤) and failed to touch the biological code within cells that tells them to grow malignant(恶性), pass along abnormal nerve signals, take in too much or too little energy, and suffer from diseases. The code is the DNA molecule in each cell that tells it what to do and when, and it sets off dreaded diseases when it goes wrong. The molecule, and its messengers, had remained hidden away, beyond the reach of almost all drugs, unfixable when broken. Things began to change after the DNA sequence (序列) for the entire human genome was laid out early in this century. Within the past several years, the ability to combine and specially design shorter sequences has shown scientists that the best material for reaching DNA is, well, DNA. Making up new genes to replace badly working ones, or to “silence” them, has produced 14 approved DNA-related drugs. DNA analysis has found out new aims, showing that although newborn babies in the U. S. are typically examined for between 30 and 60 genetic conditions right now, it is possible to examine nearly 1, 000 genes linked to childhood diseases that could be new treatment points. But that same science has also created troubling problems: some of the gene tests for babies can raise false warnings, for example, and not every child with a disease-linked gene ends up getting that disease. DNA in medicine has great power, but there is still a long way to go. 1. What does the underlined “it” refer to Paragraph 1？ A. The code. B. The nerve C. The cell. D. The disease. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. New genes cannot replace the old ones. B. 14 new DNA-related drugs are under test. C. The layout of DNA sequence makes a big difference in treatment. D. New treatment points have been found for babies with diseases. 3. What is the tone of the text? A. Humorous. B. Objective. C. Casual D. Negative. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. The DNA Drug Revolution. B. The Creation of New Genes. C. The Gene Tests for Babies D. The Symptoms of Diseases. 【答案】1.A 2. C 3.B 4. A D Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人)life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviors were disapproved of; leadership, marriage, and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humility, and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralizing religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem-solving. Our social instincts include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behavior according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioral(行为的) patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering, and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy, and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence, self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 1. What factor primarily influenced the Inuit's practical approach to morality? A. The need for strict social order. B. The influence of external cultures. C. The challenging living conditions. D. The desire for individual freedom. 2. What can we learn from this passage? A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Moral virtues are surprisingly similar worldwide. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 3. According to the passage, what leads to the consistency of moral virtues across different cultures? A. A uniform global history that influences all societies equally. B. The universal adoption of a single moral code by all cultures. C. The innate(天生的) human responses to similar needs and challenges. D. The widespread influence of a few dominant cultural norms. 4. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality 【答案】1.C 2. B 3.C 4. D ( 第 2 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $