Unit 1单元知识点一:Welcome-Grammar 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

2026-01-30
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摘要:

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过知识清单系统梳理了Unit 1核心词汇与语法体系,将speed、used to等重点词汇按"词性-搭配-易混辨析"分层解析,用对比表格呈现used to与be used to等易混结构差异,语法部分以框架图展示现在完成时"概念-结构-用法"逻辑,突出与一般过去时的关联。 讲义亮点在于"主题情境+分层练习"设计,如结合深圳城市变迁主题设置词汇运用题,通过"现在完成时与for/since连用"单选(如"We ______ each other since we were children")培养语言运用能力,答案解析含错题归因,帮助基础学生掌握语法规则,优秀学生深化思维品质,为教师实施精准复习提供清晰路径。

内容正文:

英语八年级下学期 Unit 1 Past and present Welcome to the unit(Transport at different times)—Grammar(现在完成时Ⅰ) 1.巩固本单元新单词及词组 2.掌握本单元的句型及语法重难点并能够综合运用 1.学习关于深圳为代表的城市变迁的主题文章,理解“人与社会”的素养思维 2.掌握现在完成时的基本概念、结构以及动词过去分词的变化规则 词汇表重点解析 1. speed (1)作名词 (n.) 核心含义:速度;速率;快速 表示 “速度、速率” 常用搭配: at a ... speed 以…… 速度 at high/low/full speed 以高 / 低 / 全速 the speed of ... …… 的速度 例句:The car was running at a speed of 120 kilometers per hour.这辆车正以每小时 120 公里的速度行驶。 The speed of light is about 300,000 kilometers per second.光速约为每秒 30 万公里。 表示 “快速;迅速” 常用搭配:with speed 迅速地 例句:The project was completed with remarkable speed.这个项目以惊人的速度完成了。 (2)作动词 (v.) 核心含义:快速移动;加速;超速行驶,过去式和过去分词有两种形式:speeded / sped 表示 “快速移动;疾驰” 用法:主语通常是交通工具或人,常与副词 by/past 连用 例句:A motorcycle sped past us just now.一辆摩托车刚才从我们身边疾驰而过。 Time seems to speed by when you're busy.忙碌的时候,时间总是过得飞快。 表示 “加速” 常用搭配:speed up 加速 例句:The driver sped up to overtake the truck.司机加速超车。 We need to speed up the production process.我们需要加快生产流程。 表示 “超速行驶” 常用搭配:speed (in a car) 例句:He was fined for speeding on the highway.他因在高速公路上超速行驶被罚款。 (3)常见短语 speed up 加速 at top speed 以最高速度 with all speed 尽快 2. used to (1)基本含义 表示 “过去常常做某事” 或 “过去曾经是某种状态”,而现在已经不这样了。后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。 例句:I used to play basketball every weekend.我过去每周末都打篮球。(现在不打了) She used to be shy, but now she’s very outgoing.她以前很害羞,但现在很外向。 (2)否定形式 有两种常见表达,含义完全相同: didn’t use to + 动词原形(口语和书面语通用,更常用) used not to + 动词原形(偏正式,缩写为 usedn’t to) 例句:He didn’t use to drink coffee.他以前不喝咖啡。(现在可能喝了) They usedn’t to go to the cinema.他们过去不常去看电影。 (3)疑问形式 同样有两种结构: Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?(更常用) 回答:Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t. Used + 主语 + to + 动词原形?(偏正式) 回答:Yes, 主语 + used to. / No, 主语 + usedn’t to. 例句:Did you use to swim in the lake when you were a kid?你小时候常去湖里游泳吗? → Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Used he to live in Paris?他以前住在巴黎吗? → Yes, he used to. / No, he usedn’t to. (4)易混结构辨析 注意区分 used to 和另外两个形似结构: used to do过去常常做(现在不做) 后接动词原形 She used to walk to school. be used to doing习惯于做某事 to 是介词,后接动名词 I am used to getting up early. be used to do 被用来做某事(被动语态)to 是不定式符号,后接动词原形 Knives are used to cut things. 3. crowded (1)核心含义:拥挤的;挤满人 / 物的 用来描述空间、场所因人或物数量多而显得拥挤,是最常用的用法。 常用搭配 be crowded with sb./sth. 挤满了某人 / 某物 a crowded place/area 一个拥挤的地方 / 区域 例句:The subway is always crowded during rush hour.高峰期的地铁总是很拥挤。 The art gallery was crowded with visitors on the opening day.美术馆开幕当天挤满了参观者。 We tried to find a seat in the crowded restaurant.我们试图在拥挤的餐厅里找个座位。 (2)引申含义:(日程、生活等)安排过满的;没有空闲的 用来形容时间、计划被大量事务占满,没有空余时间。 常用搭配 a crowded schedule 排得很满的日程 a crowded life 忙碌紧凑的生活 例句:I can’t take on any more work—my schedule is already too crowded. 我不能再承担更多工作了,我的日程已经排得太满了。 She leads a crowded life with work, family and volunteer activities. 她的生活很忙碌,要兼顾工作、家庭和志愿活动。 (3)易混辨析 crowded 形容词 拥挤的;日程满的 The street is crowded. crowd 名词/动词 人群;聚集 A crowd gathered there. / People crowd around the stage. 4. convenient (1)核心用法:描述事物、时间、地点 修饰事物:表示某物使用起来方便、省事 常用搭配:be convenient for sth. /to do sth. 例句:This app is very convenient for online shopping.这个应用程序对于网购来说非常方便。 It’s convenient to pay by mobile phone in this city.在这座城市用手机付款很方便。 修饰时间:表示某个时间合适、便于安排 常用搭配:It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. /at a convenient time 例句:Is it convenient for you to meet at 3 p.m. tomorrow?明天下午 3 点见面对你来说方便吗? Please call me back at a convenient time.请在你方便的时候给我回电话。 修饰地点:表示某地位置便利,便于出行或办事 例句:The hotel is in a convenient location, close to the subway station.这家酒店位置便利,离地铁站很近。 This supermarket is very convenient for people living in the neighborhood. 这家超市对附近居民来说很方便。 (2)重要语法注意点 不能用人作主语,即不能说 sb. is convenient,只能用 it 作形式主语,或者用事物、时间、地点作主语。 错误:I am convenient to go out now. 正确:It is convenient for me to go out now. 我现在方便出门。 (3)派生词与常见短语 派生词 convenience (n.) 便利;方便;便利设施 例句:We bought this house for its convenience.我们买这套房子是看中了它的便利性。 conveniently (adv.) 便利地;方便地 例句:The store is conveniently located near my office.这家商店的位置很便利,就在我公司附近。 常见短语 for convenience 为了方便起见 例句:For convenience, we can divide the task into three parts.为了方便起见,我们可以把任务分成三部分。 at one’s convenience 在某人方便时 例句:Please send me the document at your convenience.请在你方便的时候把文件发给我 5. very(adj) (1)核心用法:修饰形容词或副词原级 very 只能修饰形容词、副词的原级,不能修饰比较级和最高级,也不能直接修饰动词。 修饰形容词结构:very + 形容词 例句:The movie is very interesting.这部电影很有趣。 She is very happy to see her old friend.她见到老朋友非常开心。 修饰副词结构:very + 副词 例句:He runs very fast.他跑得非常快。 They finished the work very quickly.他们很快就完成了工作。 (2)特殊用法:修饰名词(需搭配限定词) very 修饰名词时,不能直接加名词,必须和 the/this/that/my/your 等限定词连用,强调 “正是、恰好”,语气较强。结构:the/this/that + very + 名词 例句:This is the very book I’ve been looking for.这正是我一直在找的那本书。 You are the very person we need.你正是我们需要的人。 (3)常见搭配与固定表达 not very + 形容词 / 副词。表示 “不太……”,语气委婉 例句:The coffee is not very hot.这咖啡不太烫。 He drives not very carefully.他开车不太小心。 very much 用来修饰动词,表示 “非常”(注意:very 不能直接修饰动词) 例句:I like this song very much.我非常喜欢这首歌。(不能说 I very like this song.) They miss their hometown very much.他们非常想念家乡。 (4)用法禁忌(易错点) ❌ 不能修饰比较级 / 最高级 错误:This is very better. 正确:This is much better.(用 much 修饰比较级) ❌ 不能直接修饰动词 错误:She very loves her family. 正确:She loves her family very much. 6. lead (1)作动词 (v.) /liːd/ 1. 核心含义:带领;引领;率领 常用搭配:lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地;lead a team/group 带领团队 例句:She led the tourists to the museum.她带领游客们去了博物馆。 He will lead our company through the difficult period.他将带领我们公司度过困难时期。 2. 含义:通向;导致 常用搭配:lead to + 地点/结果 例句:This path leads to the village.这条小路通向那个村子。 Careless driving leads to many accidents.粗心驾驶会导致很多事故。 3. 含义:过(某种生活) 常用搭配:lead a ... life 例句:They lead a quiet and happy life in the countryside.他们在乡下过着平静幸福的生活。 4. 过去式和过去分词 过去式:led /led/ 过去分词:led /led/ 注意:不要和动词原形 lead 或名词 lead(铅)混淆。 (2)作名词 (n.) 1. 发音 /liːd/ — 表 “领导地位;线索;主角” 领导;领先优势 搭配:take the lead 带头;in the lead 处于领先地位 例句:Our team is in the lead by two goals.我们队领先两球。 线索;提示 搭配:a lead to sth. 关于某事的线索 例句:The police have a new lead in the case.警方在这个案子里有了新线索。 主角;主要角色 例句:She plays the lead in the new movie.她在这部新电影里饰演主角。 2. 发音 /led/ — 表 “铅”(化学元素,符号 Pb) 例句:Pencils are not made of lead—they are made of graphite.铅笔不是用铅做的,而是用石墨做的。 (3)常见短语 lead up to 渐渐引向(某个话题、事件) 例:The discussion led up to a final decision. lead the way 带路;示范 例:If you don’t know the route, I’ll lead the way. 7. a wealth of 核心含义是 “大量的;丰富的;众多的”,用来强调事物的数量多、种类丰富,语气比 a lot of 更正式、更书面化。 (1)核心用法 结构a wealth of + 不可数名词/可数名词复数注意:短语中的 wealth 是不可数名词,不能写成 wealths;短语本身作单数概念,搭配的谓语动词用单数形式。 修饰对象:修饰不可数名词:侧重 “丰富的资源、知识、经验” 等抽象事物 修饰可数名词复数:侧重 “大量的具体事物” (2)例句 修饰不可数名词 This book contains a wealth of information about ancient history.这本书包含了大量关于古代历史的资料。 He has a wealth of experience in international trade.他在国际贸易方面有着丰富的经验。 The old town has a wealth of history waiting to be explored.这座古镇有着丰富的历史等待人们探索。 修饰可数名词复数 The gallery displays a wealth of paintings from the Renaissance period. 这家美术馆展出了大量文艺复兴时期的画作。 The region offers a wealth of opportunities for outdoor activities.该地区为户外活动提供了众多机会。 (3)同义替换(语境差异) a wealth of 正式、书面 强调 “丰富性、价值感”,多用于知识、资源、文化等 a lot of / lots of 口语化 通用,可修饰各类名词 a great deal of 较正式 仅修饰不可数名词 a large number of 正式 仅修饰可数名词复数 8. educational (1)核心用法 表示 “与教育相关的;教育领域的”用来修饰和教育体系、机构、内容、政策等相关的名词,是最基础的用法。 常用搭配: educational system 教育体系 educational resources 教育资源 educational policy 教育政策 educational institutions 教育机构 例句: The government has introduced new educational reforms to improve teaching quality. 政府出台了新的教育改革政策,以提升教学质量。 This website provides free educational materials for primary school students. 这个网站为小学生提供免费的教育资料。 表示 “有教育意义的;能增长知识的”用来形容某事物(如书籍、电影、旅行等)能让人学到知识、得到启发,语气偏积极。 例句: The documentary about marine life is both interesting and educational. 这部关于海洋生物的纪录片既有趣又有教育意义。 Visiting historical museums is an educational experience for children. 参观历史博物馆对孩子们来说是一次有教育意义的经历。 (2)派生词拓展 educationally (副词):在教育方面;从教育意义上 例句:Children from poor areas are often educationally disadvantaged.贫困地区的儿童往往在教育方面处于劣势。 (3)易混词辨析 educational形容词 教育的;有教育意义的 It's an educational program. educated 形容词 受过教育的;有学识的 She is an educated woman. education 名词 教育;培养 He received a good education. 9. award (1)作名词 (n.) 核心含义:奖品;奖金;奖状;奖项,多指因成就、贡献等获得的正式奖励。 常用搭配 win/receive/get an award 赢得 / 获得一个奖项 present/give an award 颁发奖项 an award for sth. 某个领域的奖项 Nobel Prize awards 诺贝尔奖 例句:She won the Best Actress Award at the film festival.她在电影节上获得了最佳女演员奖。 The school gives out awards to students with excellent grades every year. 学校每年都会给成绩优异的学生颁发奖项。 He received a cash award for his scientific research.他因这项科研成果获得了一笔现金奖励。 (2)作动词 (v.) 核心含义:授予;颁发;判给,常用作及物动词,强调官方或正式地给予。 常用搭配 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物 award sb. a prize/scholarship 授予某人奖品 / 奖学金 award damages (法律上)判给损害赔偿金 例句:The committee awarded him a gold medal for his outstanding performance. 委员会因他的出色表现授予他一枚金牌。 The university awarded a scholarship to the top student.这所大学给尖子生颁发了奖学金。 The court awarded the victim $100,000 in damages.法院判给受害者 10 万美元的赔偿金。 (3)易混词辨析:award vs. reward 两者都和 “奖励” 相关,但侧重点不同: award 名 / 动 官方授予的奖项、奖金,侧重 “荣誉性奖励” She was awarded a medal. reward 名 / 动 对付出或善行的回报,侧重 “报酬、酬谢” He got a reward for returning the lost wallet. 10. electric (1)核心含义与用法 表示 “电的;电动的;用电驱动的”这是最常用的含义,用来描述依靠电力运行的设备、工具或交通工具,区别于燃油、人力等其他动力形式。 常用搭配: electric car 电动汽车electric fan 电风扇electric light 电灯electric cooker 电饭锅 例句:My family bought a new electric bicycle last month.我们家上个月买了一辆新的电动自行车。 This electric kettle can boil water in just five minutes.这个电水壶五分钟就能把水烧开。 表示 “发电的;与电力供应相关的”用于描述和电力生产、传输相关的设施或系统。 常用搭配: electric generator 发电机electric power 电力electric grid 电网 例句:The country is investing in new electric power plants to meet demand. 这个国家正在投资建设新的发电厂以满足用电需求。 引申义:“令人激动的;紧张刺激的”用于形容氛围、情绪等,语气偏口语化,带有强烈的感情色彩。 例句:There was an electric atmosphere in the stadium when the team scored the winning goal. 球队踢进制胜球时,体育场内的气氛紧张又激动人心。 The conversation between the two leaders was electric.两位领导人之间的谈话气氛热烈。 (2)易混词辨析:electric vs. electrical vs. electronic 这三个词都和 “电” 相关,但侧重点不同: electric依靠电力运行的;发电的 电动设备、发电系统、激动的氛围 an electric motor 电动机 electrical 与电相关的(侧重学科、技术、故障)电气技术、电路电器维修an electrical engineer 电气工程师 electronic 电子的(侧重半导体、电子元件)电子产品、电子设备 an electronic watch 电子表 (3)派生词 electricity (n.) 电;电流 例句:The city was without electricity for three hours after the storm.暴风雨过后,这座城市停电了三个小时。 11. since (1)作连词 (conj.) 1. 表示 “自从…… 以来”(时间维度) 核心用法:引导时间状语从句,从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时(强调动作从过去持续到现在)。 例句:I have lived in this city since I was a child.我从小就住在这座城市里。 She hasn’t called me since she left for Paris.自从她去了巴黎,就再也没给我打过电话。 特殊情况:若主句表示 “从过去到某一过去时间点” 的持续动作,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 He told me he had worked in that company since 2010.他告诉我他从 2010 年起就在那家公司工作了。 2. 表示 “因为;既然”(原因维度,语气较弱) 核心用法:引导原因状语从句,强调 “已知的、显而易见的原因”,通常放在句首。 例句:Since you are busy, I won’t trouble you anymore.既然你很忙,我就不打扰你了。 Since everyone is here, let’s start the meeting.既然大家都到齐了,我们开会吧。 (2)作介词 (prep.) 表示 “自从…… 以来”,后接名词、代词或动名词,主句通常用现在完成时。 常用搭配:since then(从那以后)、since + 具体时间点 / 时间段 例句:I have learned English since 2018.我从 2018 年开始学英语。 She has changed a lot since her graduation.自从毕业以后,她变了很多。 (3)作副词 (adv.) 表示 “从那以后;后来”,多用于句末,常和现在完成时连用。 例句:We met in 2020 and have been good friends since.我们 2020 年认识,从那以后就一直是好朋友。 He left home at 18 and I haven’t seen him since.他 18 岁离家,从那以后我就没见过他了。 (4)易混辨析 since(因为)vs. because(因为) Since 已知的、显而易见的原因 常放句首 because 直接的、未知的原因 可放句首或句末 例句:Because it rained, we canceled the picnic.(直接原因,别人可能不知道) 例句:Since it’s raining, we can stay at home.(已知原因,双方都清楚) since(自从)vs. for(长达) since + 时间点(如 2020, last week) for + 时间段(如 3 years, 2 hours) 例句:I have waited for 2 hours. / I have waited since 2 o’clock. 12. development (1)核心含义与用法 1. 作不可数名词:表示 “发展;发育;成长”(侧重抽象过程) 这是最常用的用法,可用于描述经济、社会、个人能力、生物生长等抽象领域的变化过程。 常用搭配: economic development 经济发展 social development 社会发展 personal development 个人成长 the development of skills 技能的培养 with the development of... 随着…… 的发展 例句:The country has achieved remarkable development in the past decade. 这个国家在过去十年里取得了显著的发展。 Good nutrition is essential for children’s healthy development.良好的营养对儿童的健康发育至关重要。 With the development of technology, people’s lives have become more convenient. 随着科技的发展,人们的生活变得更加便利。 2. 作可数名词:表示 “新进展;新成果;开发项目”(侧重具体事物) 指某一领域出现的具体变化、成果,或实际的建设项目,此时可加冠词 a/an 或用复数形式 developments。 常用搭配: a new development 新进展;新情况 recent developments 近期动态 a housing development 住宅开发项目 例句: There has been a major development in the investigation into the accident.这起事故的调查有了重大进展。 The company announced several new developments in artificial intelligence. 该公司公布了人工智能领域的多项新成果。 A new housing development is being built on the edge of the town. 城镇边缘正在兴建一个新的住宅开发区。 (2)常见搭配与固定短语 in the course of development 在发展过程中 例:Many problems may arise in the course of development. promote/facilitate development 促进发展 例:The government has taken measures to promote regional development. research and development (R&D) 研发 例:The company invests a lot of money in research and development every year. (3)派生词关联 develop动词 发展;开发;培养 We need to develop new products. developing形容词 发展中的 China is a developing country. developed形容词 发达的 The US is a developed country. 13. pioneering (1)核心用法与搭配 修饰人或团队:表示 “先驱的;开拓性的”,指在某领域率先开展研究或实践的主体 常用搭配:pioneering scientist/researcher/ team 例句:She is a pioneering biologist who first discovered the new gene. 她是一位开创性的生物学家,率先发现了这种新基因。 The pioneering team laid a solid foundation for the research of renewable energy. 这支先驱团队为可再生能源的研究奠定了坚实基础。 修饰事物、成果或工作:表示 “创新性的;探索性的”,指具有里程碑意义的项目、技术、理论等 常用搭配:pioneering work/research/ technology/approach/ project 例句:This pioneering technology has changed the way we communicate. 这项开创性技术改变了我们的沟通方式。 His pioneering research on climate change has attracted global attention. 他在气候变化方面的先驱性研究引起了全球关注。 修饰行动或实践:表示 “探索性的;先驱性的”,指首次尝试的行为 例句:The pioneering expedition successfully reached the South Pole in the 19th century. 这支先驱探险队在 19 世纪成功抵达了南极。 (2)派生词关联 pioneer名词 先驱;开拓者 He was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence. pioneer动词 开创;倡导 She pioneered a new method of teaching English. pioneering形容词 开创性的;先驱性的 This is a pioneering study in medical science. (3)同义替换 groundbreaking:语气和用法与 pioneering 接近,侧重 “突破性的”,更强调打破传统 例:a groundbreaking discovery(突破性发现) innovative:侧重 “创新性的”,适用范围更广,可形容日常的创新想法或产品 例:an innovative design(创新设计) 14. creativity (1)核心用法与搭配 作主语或宾语这是最基础的用法,可直接用于句子中表示 “创造力” 这一抽象概念。 常用搭配: stimulate/encourage creativity 激发 / 鼓励创造力 develop/nurture creativity 培养创造力 lack creativity 缺乏创意 a spark of creativity 一丝创意 例句:Creativity is the key to success in the advertising industry.创造力是广告行业成功的关键。 The job requires a lot of creativity and imagination.这份工作需要极强的创造力和想象力。 Travel can often inspire creativity.旅行往往能激发创造力。 与介词搭配 creativity in + 名词:在某方面的创造力 例句:She showed great creativity in designing the stage.她在舞台设计上展现了极强的创造力。 the creativity of + 名词:…… 的创意 例句:We were amazed by the creativity of the children’s paintings.孩子们画作里的创意让我们惊叹。 (2)派生词关联 creative 形容词 创造性的;有创意的 She is a creative writer. create 动词 创造;创作 He created a new software program. creation 名词 作品;创造物 This painting is his greatest creation. (3)同义替换 innovation:侧重 “创新”,多指技术、制度等领域的革新,更偏向实用性 例:Technological innovation drives economic growth. ingenuity:侧重 “独创性;巧思”,指解决问题时的聪明办法 例:The inventor’s ingenuity solved the difficult problem. 15. key (1)作名词 (n.) 1. 核心含义:钥匙 指开启锁具的工具,最基础用法。 常用搭配: a key to the door 房门钥匙 lose/find a key 丢失 / 找到钥匙 spare key 备用钥匙 例句:I can’t find my key to the office.我找不到办公室的钥匙了。 She gave me a spare key in case I need it.她给了我一把备用钥匙以防不时之需。 2. 核心含义:关键;要害;核心要素 用于抽象语境,强调对事物起决定性作用的部分,固定搭配:a key to sth. /a key to doing sth. 例句:Practice is the key to improving your English.练习是提升英语的关键。 Good communication is the key to a happy marriage.良好的沟通是幸福婚姻的核心。 3. 特定领域含义 (电脑、打字机的)按键 例句:Press the Enter key to confirm your choice.按回车键确认你的选择。 (密码学)密钥;密码 例句:You need the key to decrypt this file.你需要密钥才能解密这个文件。 (音乐)调 例句:This song is written in the key of C major.这首歌是 C 大调的。 (2)作形容词 (adj.) 核心含义:关键的;主要的;至关重要的用于修饰名词,强调事物的重要性,语气比 important 更突出 “核心地位”。常用搭配: key factor 关键因素key role 核心角色key point 要点key technology 核心技术 例句:The key problem we need to solve now is lack of funding.我们现在需要解决的关键问题是资金短缺。 She plays a key role in the company’s marketing department.她在公司市场部担任核心角色。 (3)作动词 (v.) 核心含义:键入;输入(信息);用钥匙锁 / 开多用于电子设备操作或正式语境。 常用搭配: key in sth. 输入某物key the door 锁门 例句:Please key your password into the box below.请在下方输入框中键入你的密码。 He keyed the door and left the office.他锁上门离开了办公室。 (4)常见固定短语 key into 理解;契合 例句:The design keys into the needs of young customers. key up 使紧张;使兴奋 例句:The crowds were keyed up waiting for the concert to start. 16. line (1)作名词 (n.) 1. 具体含义:线条;线状物 指细长的痕迹、实物线条,是最基础用法。 常用搭配:a straight/curved line 直线 / 曲线a line of trees 一排树a fishing line 钓鱼线 例句:Draw a line between A and B on the map.在地图上的 A 点和 B 点之间画一条线。 There is a line of houses along the river.沿河有一排房屋。 2. 具体含义:队列;队伍 指人或物按顺序排成的行列。 常用搭配:stand in a line 排队wait in line 排队等候cut in line 插队 例句:People are standing in a line to buy tickets for the concert.人们正排队购买演唱会门票。 It’s impolite to cut in line in public places.公共场所插队是不礼貌的。 3. 具体含义:(交通)线路;航线 指交通、通信等的固定路线。 常用搭配:a bus/train line 公交 / 铁路线路a subway line 地铁线路an air line 航空航线 例句:This line goes directly to the city center.这条线路直达市中心。 The airline opened a new line between Beijing and Sydney.这家航空公司开通了北京到悉尼的新航线。 4. 抽象含义:(言语)一句话;台词 指对话中的语句或戏剧、电影里的台词。 常用搭配:a line of dialogue 一句对话learn one’s lines 记台词 例句:I can’t remember the next line in the play.我记不住剧本里的下一句台词了。 She said a few lines about her experience at the meeting.她在会上说了几句关于自己经历的话。 5. 抽象含义:行业;领域 指从事的职业或业务范围。 常用搭配:in the line of business 从商;在这个行业里a new line of products 新产品系列 例句:His family has been in the farming line for generations.他家世代务农。 The company launched a new line of skincare products.这家公司推出了一款新的护肤品系列。 6. 抽象含义:界限;底线 指行为、道德等的限度。 常用搭配:a line between right and wrong 是非界限cross the line 越界;出格 例句:We must draw a clear line between work and personal life.我们必须分清工作和私生活的界限。 His joke crossed the line and hurt her feelings.他的玩笑太出格,伤了她的感情。 (2)作动词 (v.) 1. 含义:排队;排列 常用搭配:line up 排队;列队line sth. up 安排;组织 例句:Customers lined up outside the store before it opened.商店开门前,顾客就在门外排起了队。 She lined up a lot of interviews for the next week.她为下周安排了好几场面试。 2. 含义:沿…… 排列;布满 常用搭配:line sth. with sth. 用…… 布满……;给…… 加衬里 例句:Trees line the street on both sides.街道两旁种满了树。 The coat is lined with fur to keep warm.这件外套内衬是毛皮的,用来保暖。 (3)常见固定短语 in line with 与…… 一致;符合 例:The plan is in line with our company’s goals. on line 在线;联网 例:You can chat with the customer service on line. drop sb. a line 给某人写短信 / 便条 例:Don’t forget to drop me a line when you arrive. 星号*单词 1. innovation (1)核心用法与搭配 1. 作不可数名词:表示 “创新(这一抽象概念或行为)” 强调创新的过程、精神或能力,无复数形式。 常用搭配: encourage/promote innovation 鼓励 / 推动创新technological innovation 科技创新 a culture of innovation 创新文化 drive economic growth through innovation 依靠创新驱动经济增长 例句:Innovation is vital for the long-term development of a company.创新对于一家公司的长远发展至关重要。 The government has launched policies to support innovation in small businesses. 政府出台了政策支持中小企业的创新活动。 2. 作可数名词:表示 “新方法;新发明;新事物” 指具体的创新成果,可加冠词 a/an,也可使用复数形式 innovations。 常用搭配: a major/groundbreaking innovation 一项重大 / 突破性创新 introduce new innovations 推出新的创新成果 medical innovations 医学领域的新发明 例句:This app is a brilliant innovation that simplifies online shopping. 这款应用是一项出色的创新,简化了网购流程。 Recent innovations in renewable energy have reduced our reliance on fossil fuels. 可再生能源领域近期的创新成果降低了我们对化石燃料的依赖。 (2)派生词关联 innovate动词 创新;革新 We need to innovate to stay competitive. innovative形容词 创新的;革新的 She has an innovative approach to teaching. innovator 名词 创新者;革新者 He is a leading innovator in the field of AI. (3)易混词辨析 innovation侧重新方法、新发明,强调成果或行为 The innovation changed people’s lives. creativity 侧重创造力,强调产生新想法的能力 Creativity is the source of innovation. invention 侧重具体的发明物,多指科技领域的创造 The telephone is a great invention. 2. reform (1)作名词 (n.) 1. 核心含义:改革;改良(针对制度、体系) 可作可数或不可数名词,抽象泛指 “改革” 时为不可数,具体指某一项改革措施时为可数。 常用搭配: carry out/implement a reform 实施改革 educational/economic/political reform 教育 / 经济 / 政治改革 support/oppose reform 支持 / 反对改革 a series of reforms 一系列改革措施 例句:The government announced plans for major reform of the tax system. 政府宣布了对税收制度进行重大改革的计划。(不可数) These reforms have greatly improved people’s living standards. 这些改革措施极大地提升了人们的生活水平。(可数) 2. 引申含义:(人的)改过自新;改造 多指有不良行为的人纠正错误、回归正途。 例句:The program is designed to promote the reform of young offenders.该项目旨在促进青少年犯的改过自新。 (2)作动词 (v.) 1. 及物动词:改革;改良;整顿 宾语通常是制度、体系、机构等抽象事物。 常用搭配: reform the healthcare system 改革医疗体系 reform the law 修订法律 reform the management structure 整顿管理架构 例句:The school is trying to reform its teaching methods to better suit students’ needs. 这所学校正尝试改革教学方法,以更好地适应学生的需求。 2. 不及物动词:改过自新;改正恶习 主语通常是人,指主动纠正自身的错误行为。 例句:He promised to reform after being released from prison.他出狱后承诺要改过自新。 (3)派生词关联 reform名 / 动 改革;改过自新 They plan to reform the voting system. reformatory名词 少年管教所 The boy was sent to a reformatory. reformist 名 / 形 改革者;改革派的 She is a reformist politician. (4)易混词辨析 reform侧重对现有体系的调整优化,保留核心框架 reform the pension system revolution侧重彻底推翻旧制度,建立新体系 The revolution changed the country’s political structure. 3. transport (1)作动词 (v.) /ˈtrænspɔːt/ 核心含义:运输;运送;输送,指将人或物品从一个地方运送到另一个地方,多为及物动词。 常用搭配: transport sb./sth. to sp. 把某人 / 某物运送到某地 be transported by sth. 被某物运送 transport goods/passengers 运输货物 / 乘客 例句:The company transports fresh vegetables from the farm to the city every day. 这家公司每天把新鲜蔬菜从农场运往城市。 Patients were transported to the nearest hospital by helicopter.病人被直升机送往最近的医院。 In the past, coal was mainly transported by train.过去,煤炭主要靠火车运输。 (2)作名词 (n.) 1. 英式拼写 transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ 含义 1:运输;运送(抽象概念,不可数) 搭配:public transport 公共交通;road/air/sea transport 公路 / 航空 / 海运 例句:Transport of fragile items requires special care.易碎物品的运输需要特别小心。 Most people in the city rely on public transport to go to work.这座城市的大多数人靠公共交通上班。 含义 2:交通工具(可数,多用于复数 transports,较正式) 例句:The army used various transports to move the supplies.军队使用各种交通工具运送物资。 2. 美式拼写 transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ 用法和含义与英式 transport 完全一致,更常用于日常和书面语境。 例句:The city is improving its public transportation system.这座城市正在完善公共交通系统。 Transportation costs have increased by 10% this year.今年的运输成本上涨了 10%。 (3)派生词关联 transportable 形容词 可运输的;可搬运的 These devices are small and transportable. transporter 名词 运输者;运输机;运输车 The goods were delivered by a transporter truck. 语法(现在完成时Ⅰ) 一、 现在完成时的基本概念 现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或是从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。它的核心特点是:动作的发生时间是过去,但强调的是与现在的关联。 二、 基本结构 肯定句主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 主语为第一、二人称单复数(I/we/you/they)或复数名词时,用 have 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it)或单数名词时,用 has 否定句主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词缩写形式:haven’t / hasn’t 一般疑问句Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.否定回答:No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. 三、 常见用法与例句 用法 1:表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 动作发生在过去,现在能看到或感受到其影响,常搭配 already(已经)、yet(还)、just(刚刚)等副词。 I have finished my homework. (现在可以去玩了) She has just eaten lunch. (现在不饿了) They haven’t seen this movie yet. (现在可以一起去看) Have you read the book? — Yes, I have. 用法 2:表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 常搭配 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点 / 过去时从句。 He has lived in Beijing for 10 years. (从 10 年前住到现在) We have studied English since 2018. (从 2018 年学到现在) My mother has worked in this hospital since she graduated. (毕业就开始工作,一直到现在) 用法 3:表示到目前为止的经历或体验 常搭配 ever(曾经)、never(从未)、before(以前)等副词。 I have never been to Paris. (到目前为止没去过巴黎) Have you ever tried Japanese food? (你有没有吃过日本料理的经历?) 经典题型01 单项选择 —______ you ______ the new museum in our city? —Yes, I have. I went there with my parents last weekend. A. Did; visit B. Have; visited C. Will; visit D. Do; visit 经典题型02 词汇运用 The government has introduced a series of new policies to promote the (发展)of renewable energy. 一、单项选择 1.Great changes ______ in our hometown in the past ten years. We all feel proud of it. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. take place 2.We ______ each other since we were children, so we have a lot to talk about. A. Know B. knew C. have known D. will know 3.Tom ______ his homework yet. He is still doing it in his room now. A. finished B. hasn’t finished C. doesn’t finish D. won’t finish 4.—Have you finished your science project ______? —No, I haven’t. I need two more hours to do it. A. already B. yet C. just D. never 5.—Why is Lily in a hurry? —She ______ heard from her pen pal and she wants to write back at once. A. just B. yet C. already D. never 二、完成句子 1.The government has carried out a series of educational (改革) to improve the quality of teaching in rural areas. 2.Technological (革新)plays a key role in promoting the rapid growth of the digital economy. 3.With the (发展)of public (交通)systems, people’s daily travel has become more convenient than before. 4.Teachers should encourage students to think independently to develop their (创造力) . 参考答案 经典题型 B,development 课后练习 一、BCBBA 二、reforms,innovation,development; transport,creativity 6 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1单元知识点一:Welcome-Grammar 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册
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Unit 1单元知识点一:Welcome-Grammar 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册
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Unit 1单元知识点一:Welcome-Grammar 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册
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