内容正文:
重难点02 单项选择之非谓语动词
内容导航
速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击:本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是非谓语动词做各个成分的综合运用
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点: 判断是否为非谓语;确定非谓语动词充当成分;结合固定搭配。
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数:聚焦非谓语动词的所作成分,以及与逻辑主语的主动与被动语态区分可稳拿分数题目,确保重难点基础分值
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分: 结合语境分析解决中高难度题目,争夺关键分数
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖:挑战高考和模拟综合题型,养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”
考点
五年考情(2021-2025)
命题趋势
考点1考查作目的状语5年2考
2025年1次;2023年3月1次
判断是否为非谓语;确定非谓语动词充当成分;结合固定搭配
考点2考查非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语5年4考
2025年1次;2024年1次;2023年1次;2022年1次
考点3 考查非谓语动词作定语5年5考
2025年2次;2024年1次;2023年2次
考点4考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语5年3考
2025年1次;2021年1次;2020年1次
(建议用时:20分钟)
考点一:非谓语动词作目的状语。
目的状语(仅用不定式 to do)
标志:常置于句首(To...)或句末(in order to do /so as to do),译为 “为了……”。
逻辑关系:不定式的动作由句子主语发出(主动)。
位置:可置于句首(强调目的)或句末(常规位置),句末时 to do 前无逗号。
(2025·天津·高考真题)________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation.
A.Impressing B.To impress C.Being impressed D.Impressed
(2022·天津·高考真题)________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
A.To be kept B.Kept C.To keep D.Keeping
考点二:非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语
原因状语(doing /done)
现在分词(doing):逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系(主动),译为 “因为……”。
高考真题链接
(2015・天津):__________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
(答案:Having worked)—— Steve 主动工作两天,导致 “按时完成报告”。
过去分词(done):逻辑主语与非谓语动词是动宾关系(被动),译为 “由于被……”。
高考真题链接
(2015・天津):______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
(答案:Absorbed)—— be absorbed in(被绘画吸引),过去分词表原因。
结果状语(doing /to do)
现在分词(doing):表 “自然而然的结果”,即谓语动作必然引发的结局。
高考真题链接
(2024・天津):The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
(答案:disappointing)—— 音乐会取消自然导致粉丝失望。
不定式(to do):表 “出乎意料的结果”,常与 only 连用。
高考真题链接
(2014・天津):Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit.
(答案:to find)—— 试穿后意外发现不合身。
注意解题步骤:
第一步:判断是否为非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词(且无连词连接两个谓语),空格处需用非谓语动词(排除谓语动词形式,如时态、语态变化)。
例:(2024・天津)The fence between the two tennis courts _________.
(答案:is to be removed)
—— 此处为谓语动词(be to be done 表将来被动),需注意题干是否需要非谓语。
第二步:确定逻辑主语
逻辑主语 = 句子主语(作状语)/ 被修饰名词(作定语)/ 宾语(作宾补),确保逻辑关系明确。
第三步:判断主动 / 被动关系
逻辑主语发出动作 → 主动(to do /doing/having done)
逻辑主语承受动作 → 被动(done /to be done /being done /having been done)
第四步:判断动作时序
非谓语动作在谓语之前 → 完成式(having done /having been done)
非谓语动作与谓语同时 → 一般式(doing)
非谓语动作在谓语之后 → 将来式(to do /to be done)
(2023·天津·高考真题)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A.Dating B.Being dated
C.To date D.To be dated
(2015·天津·高考真题)__________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A.To work B.Worked
C.To be working D.Having worked
(2023·天津·高考真题)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A.Trying B.Tried
C.Having tried D.Having been tried
(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A.disappointing B.to disappoint
C.having disappointed D.disappointed
(2022·天津·高考真题)The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again.
A.allowing B.being allowed
C.having allowed D.having been allowed
(2018·天津·高考真题)Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary.
A.ordered B.ordering
C.to have ordered D.having been ordered
考点三:非谓语动词作定语
(一)不定式(to do)作定语
核心特征
位置:后置定语(置于被修饰名词 / 代词之后)。
逻辑关系:不定式动作由句子主语或被修饰名词的逻辑主语主动发出(主动关系)。
动作时序:表 “将来要发生的动作” 或 “名词的功能 / 用途”。
高频搭配:被修饰名词多为抽象名词(desire、ability、chance 等)或具体名词(task、work 等),常见结构 “名词 + to do”。
(二)现在分词(doing)作定语
核心特征
位置:可前置定语(单个分词)或后置定语(短语)。
逻辑关系:现在分词与被修饰名词是主动关系(被修饰名词发出该动作)。
动作时序:表 “正在进行的动作” 或 “经常性、主动的特征”。
特殊注意:不及物动词的现在分词作定语,仅表主动 / 进行,无被动含义。
(三)过去分词(done)作定语
核心特征
位置:可前置定语(单个分词)或后置定语(短语)。
逻辑关系:过去分词与被修饰名词是被动关系(被修饰名词承受该动作)。
动作时序:表 “已经完成的动作” 或 “被动的状态”。
特殊注意:部分不及物动词的过去分词(如 gone、fallen)作定语,仅表 “完成”,无被动含义(天津卷未考查此类特殊情况)。
高频考点与易错点总结
(一)高频考点
被动关系优先选过去分词:天津卷作定语的题目中,80% 涉及被动关系(如 satellite 与 design、money 与 use),直接锁定 done 形式。
不及物动词作定语必选现在分词:若被修饰名词与非谓语动词是主动关系,且动词为不及物动词(如 originate、extend),只能用 doing(无被动形式)。
抽象名词 + to do 固定搭配:desire、chance、ability 等抽象名词后,常接 to do 作定语(2024 年直接考查 desire to do)。
(二)易错点
混淆 “现在分词完成式” 与 “过去分词”:现在分词完成式(having done)表 “主动 + 先于谓语动作”,过去分词(done)表 “被动 + 完成”,二者逻辑关系不同(天津卷暂未直接考查 having done 作定语,但需区分)。
误将 “to be done” 作定语表将来被动:天津卷未直接考查该形式,但需了解 —— 若被修饰名词与非谓语是被动关系且表将来,用 to be done(如 a task to be finished)。
忽略 “固定短语中的过去分词”:如 be known for→known 作定语(2017 年真题),需牢记此类短语的被动含义。
三、解题步骤(针对天津卷作定语题型)
第一步:确定被修饰名词:找到非谓语动词所修饰的核心名词(如 satellite、story、money)。
第二步:判断逻辑关系:
0. 被修饰名词 “发出” 动作→主动关系→选 to do/doing。
0. 被修饰名词 “承受” 动作→被动关系→选 done。
第三步:判断动作时序:
0. 将来动作→to do(如 desire to discover)。
0. 进行 / 主动特征→doing(如 clocks originating from)。
0. 完成 / 被动状态→done(如 course designed to help)。
第四步:结合固定搭配:若涉及 “have sth. to do”“be known for” 等固定结构,直接按搭配选择。
通过以上梳理,天津卷非谓语作定语的题目可完全覆盖,核心在于精准判断 “主动 / 被动” 和 “动作时序”,结合真题规律即可快速锁定答案。
(2023·天津·高考真题)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
A.posting B.to post
C.posted D.to be posted
(2024·天津·高考真题)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places.
A.to discover B.to be discovering
C.to be discovered D.to have discovered
考点四:非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. 不定式(to do)作宾补
固定搭配动词:ask、tell、want、order、encourage、persuade、teach、advise 等(sb. to do sth.)。
使役动词 / 感官动词特殊用法:let、make、have、see、watch、hear 等,后接不带 to 的不定式(do),但被动语态中需还原 to(be made to do)。
2. 现在分词(doing)作宾补
核心含义:表 “宾语正在进行的主动动作”,强调动作的持续性。
固定搭配动词:keep、have、leave、see、watch、hear、find 等(sb. doing sth.)。
3. 过去分词(done)作宾补
核心含义:表 “宾语承受的被动动作” 或 “宾语的状态”。
固定搭配动词:have、get、make、keep、see、find、want 等(sth. done /sb. done)。
(2025·天津·高考真题)With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.
A.to perform B.to be performed C.performing D.being performed
(2025·天津·高考真题)The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year.
A.to carry out B.carrying out C.being carried out D.carried out
(2018·天津·高考真题)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A.taking B.taken
C.being taken D.take
(建议用时:20分钟)
考点一:非谓语动词作目的状语。
(2020·天津·高考真题)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped
(2020·天津·高考真题)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.promoting D.to promote
考点二:非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语
(2015·天津·高考真题) ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A.To absorb B.To be absorbed
C.Absorbed D.Absorbing
(2014·天津·高考真题)Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A.writing B.to write
C.written D.being written
(2011·天津·高考真题)______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A.Translating B.Translated
C.To translate D.Having translated
(2017·天津·高考真题)(2017·天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A.being allowed B.allowing
C.having allowed D.allowed
(2010·天津·高考真题)It rained heavily in the south,________serious floods in several provinces.
A.caused B.having caused
C.causing D.to cause
(2014·天津·高考真题)(2014·天津卷)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A.to find B.found
C.finding D.having found
考点三:非谓语动词作定语
(2019·天津·高考真题)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally.
A.designed B.designing
C.to design D.being designed
(2018·天津·高考真题)There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent.
A.used B.using C.to use D.to be used
考点四:非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(2017·天津·高考真题)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________.
A.catching B.caught
C.to catch D.to be caught
(2021·天津·高考真题)Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills.
A.to have taught B.to teach C.teaching D.having taught
(建议用时:10分钟)
考点一:非谓语动词作目的状语。
(2017·天津·高考真题)________ more about amazing animal facts, he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve.
A.Finding out B.Found out C.To find out D.Being found out
(2009·天津·高考真题)______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A.Competing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete
考点二:非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语
(2012·天津·高考真题)He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.
A.left B.to leave
C.leaving D.having left
(2009·天津·高考真题)________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging
C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged
(2020·天津·高考真题)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A.being clapped B.clap C.clapped D.clapping
(2016·天津·高考真题)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.
A.making B.to make
C.made D.being made
考点三:非谓语动词作定语
(2013·天津·高考真题) In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _______in daily conversations.
A.using B.to use C.having used D.used
考点四:非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(2019·天津·高考真题)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”.
A.being taken B.to take
C.to be taken D.taking
(2011·天津·高考真题)Passengers are permitted ________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B.carrying
C.to be carried D.being carried
(建议用时:20分钟)
1.(2025·天津·二模)The athlete, ________ by the coach repeatedly for his carelessness in training, finally decided to focus on improving his weak points.
A.having been criticized B.being criticized
C.criticized D.to have been criticized
2.(2025·天津·三模)______ to make a hasty decision, the committee chose to delay approving the proposal until further discussion.
A.Wanting not B.Not wanted C.Not wanting D.Having not wanted
3.(2025·天津宝坻·二模)The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs.
A.being respected B.respected
C.to respect D.respecting
4.(2025·天津和平·三模)Tibetan antelope’s presence breathes life into the winter landscape of the plateau, ________ a harmonious ecosystem and natural beauty.
A.To have presented B.presented
C.presenting D.having presented
5.(2025·天津滨海新·三模)When it comes to AI application in healthcare, we can see intelligence systems ______ patients for precise monitoring.
A.being tracked B.tracked C.tracking D.to track
6.(2025·天津北辰·三模)The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen.
A.to come B.come C.coming D.came
7.(2023·天津滨海新·三模)The recent TV series Three-Body,________from Liu Cixin’s sci-fi book, has impressed audiences with its splendid visual effects.
A.adapted B.to be adapted C.adapting D.having adapted
8.(2023·天津河北·二模)The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, ________ us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
A.reminded B.to be reminded C.reminding D.having reminded
9.(2023·天津和平·二模)While we sleep, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, ________ us to enter a virtual reality.
A.to allow B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed
10.(2023·天津河北·一模)Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination ________ sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status.
A.to boast B.being boasted C.boasted D.boasting
11.(2023·天津河东·一模)It takes a bit of practice________ comfortable when foreigners learn to use chopsticks to eat.
A.feeling B.to feel C.felt D.to be felt
12.(2023·天津河东·一模)The development of new media, ________ from the internet to digital television,means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention.
A.ranges B.ranged C.to range D.ranging
13.(2024·天津滨海新·三模)Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then.
A.setting B.set C.to set D.having set
14.(2024·天津北辰·三模)Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys.
A.designing B.to be designed
C.being designed D.designed
15.(2024·天津南开·一模)TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app ________ users to create, share and watch short videos.
A.having allowed B.allowing C.allowed D.to be allowed
16.(2023·天津和平·一模)I was 12 and ,________all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at the new school.
A.lost B.having been lost C.having lost D.losing
17.(2022·天津南开·一模)Believed _______ buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ruins of Neapolis are almost 2, 000 years old.
A.to be B.to have been C.having D.being
18.(2022·天津红桥·二模)Museums in Tianjin are on the move, ______ exhibits that entertain and educate.
A.added B.adding C.to add D.having added
19.(2022·天津红桥·二模)I have a lot ______ before the exam so I can’t watch too much TV now.
A.to be done B.doing C.to do D.do
20.(2022·天津和平·三模)He said that many words ________ nature were now missing from the new version of the junior dictionary.
A.described B.being described C.describing D.to describe
21.(2022·天津滨海新·一模)—Who did the teacher have _____ a speech for the graduation ceremony just now?
—I have no idea, either.
A.addressed B.address C.addressing D.to address
22.(2022·天津河北·二模)With the Olympic flame ________, the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics came to an end on February 20th.
A.to extinguish B.extinguishes C.extinguished D.extinguishing
23.(2022·天津河北·二模)A recent Canadian study suggests that a child ________ from interactive music classes has better communication skills.
A.benefit B.benefiting C.benefited D.to benefit
24.(2022·天津南开·一模)When I returned to my high school in town, I found it ______ completely.
A.changed B.to be changed
C.having changed D.changing
25.(2022·天津和平·一模)Lonely Planet is one of the world’s largest travel guide brands, ______ more than 500 different guides in eight languages.
A.to publish B.publishing C.published D.publish
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重难点02 单项选择之非谓语动词
内容导航
速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击:本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是非谓语动词做各个成分的综合运用
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点: 判断是否为非谓语;确定非谓语动词充当成分;结合固定搭配。
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数:聚焦非谓语动词的所作成分,以及与逻辑主语的主动与被动语态区分可稳拿分数题目,确保重难点基础分值
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分: 结合语境分析解决中高难度题目,争夺关键分数
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖:挑战高考和模拟综合题型,养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”
考点
五年考情(2021-2025)
命题趋势
考点1考查作目的状语5年2考
2025年1次;2023年3月1次
判断是否为非谓语;确定非谓语动词充当成分;结合固定搭配
考点2考查非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语5年4考
2025年1次;2024年1次;2023年1次;2022年1次
考点3 考查非谓语动词作定语5年5考
2025年2次;2024年1次;2023年2次
考点4考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语5年3考
2025年1次;2021年1次;2020年1次
(建议用时:20分钟)
考点一:非谓语动词作目的状语。
目的状语(仅用不定式 to do)
标志:常置于句首(To...)或句末(in order to do /so as to do),译为 “为了……”。
逻辑关系:不定式的动作由句子主语发出(主动)。
位置:可置于句首(强调目的)或句末(常规位置),句末时 to do 前无逗号。
(2025·天津·高考真题)________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation.
A.Impressing B.To impress C.Being impressed D.Impressed
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了给听众留下深刻印象,这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”,不定式To impress表目的,符合语境。故选B。
(2022·天津·高考真题)________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
A.To be kept B.Kept C.To keep D.Keeping
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动,James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词形式,结合句意可知,此处意为“为了”表示目的,所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。
考点二:非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语
原因状语(doing /done)
现在分词(doing):逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系(主动),译为 “因为……”。
高考真题链接
(2015・天津):__________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
(答案:Having worked)—— Steve 主动工作两天,导致 “按时完成报告”。
过去分词(done):逻辑主语与非谓语动词是动宾关系(被动),译为 “由于被……”。
高考真题链接
(2015・天津):______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
(答案:Absorbed)—— be absorbed in(被绘画吸引),过去分词表原因。
结果状语(doing /to do)
现在分词(doing):表 “自然而然的结果”,即谓语动作必然引发的结局。
高考真题链接
(2024・天津):The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
(答案:disappointing)—— 音乐会取消自然导致粉丝失望。
不定式(to do):表 “出乎意料的结果”,常与 only 连用。
高考真题链接
(2014・天津):Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit.
(答案:to find)—— 试穿后意外发现不合身。
注意解题步骤:
第一步:判断是否为非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词(且无连词连接两个谓语),空格处需用非谓语动词(排除谓语动词形式,如时态、语态变化)。
例:(2024・天津)The fence between the two tennis courts _________.
(答案:is to be removed)
—— 此处为谓语动词(be to be done 表将来被动),需注意题干是否需要非谓语。
第二步:确定逻辑主语
逻辑主语 = 句子主语(作状语)/ 被修饰名词(作定语)/ 宾语(作宾补),确保逻辑关系明确。
第三步:判断主动 / 被动关系
逻辑主语发出动作 → 主动(to do /doing/having done)
逻辑主语承受动作 → 被动(done /to be done /being done /having been done)
第四步:判断动作时序
非谓语动作在谓语之前 → 完成式(having done /having been done)
非谓语动作与谓语同时 → 一般式(doing)
非谓语动作在谓语之后 → 将来式(to do /to be done)
(2023·天津·高考真题)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A.Dating B.Being dated
C.To date D.To be dated
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪,距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到,始于”,其后接表示具体时间的名词,没有被动语态;根据句中已有谓语动词has,且无连词,可知此处要用非调语动词,此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。
(2015·天津·高考真题)__________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A.To work B.Worked
C.To be working D.Having worked
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:工作了两天,Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve,与work之间为主动关系,故用现在分词,这里用having worked,表示动作的先后性。故选D。
(2023·天津·高考真题)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A.Trying B.Tried
C.Having tried D.Having been tried
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在两个月的时间里,这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整,最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded,此处应用非谓语动词,逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系,且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前,应用现在分词的完成式having tried,作状语。故选C。
(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A.disappointing B.to disappoint
C.having disappointed D.disappointed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于突然的雷暴天气,组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会,使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语,表示“自然而然的结果”,户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望,故应用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。
(2022·天津·高考真题)The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again.
A.allowing B.being allowed
C.having allowed D.having been allowed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常,使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知,句子谓语动词是have returned,allow用非谓语动词形式作状语,根据句意,表示自然而然的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。
(2018·天津·高考真题)Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary.
A.ordered B.ordering
C.to have ordered D.having been ordered
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:泰勒太太逛了商店,订购了她认为必要的东西。分析句子可知,Mrs. Taylor 与order在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。
考点三:非谓语动词作定语
(一)不定式(to do)作定语
核心特征
位置:后置定语(置于被修饰名词 / 代词之后)。
逻辑关系:不定式动作由句子主语或被修饰名词的逻辑主语主动发出(主动关系)。
动作时序:表 “将来要发生的动作” 或 “名词的功能 / 用途”。
高频搭配:被修饰名词多为抽象名词(desire、ability、chance 等)或具体名词(task、work 等),常见结构 “名词 + to do”。
(二)现在分词(doing)作定语
核心特征
位置:可前置定语(单个分词)或后置定语(短语)。
逻辑关系:现在分词与被修饰名词是主动关系(被修饰名词发出该动作)。
动作时序:表 “正在进行的动作” 或 “经常性、主动的特征”。
特殊注意:不及物动词的现在分词作定语,仅表主动 / 进行,无被动含义。
(三)过去分词(done)作定语
核心特征
位置:可前置定语(单个分词)或后置定语(短语)。
逻辑关系:过去分词与被修饰名词是被动关系(被修饰名词承受该动作)。
动作时序:表 “已经完成的动作” 或 “被动的状态”。
特殊注意:部分不及物动词的过去分词(如 gone、fallen)作定语,仅表 “完成”,无被动含义(天津卷未考查此类特殊情况)。
高频考点与易错点总结
(一)高频考点
被动关系优先选过去分词:天津卷作定语的题目中,80% 涉及被动关系(如 satellite 与 design、money 与 use),直接锁定 done 形式。
不及物动词作定语必选现在分词:若被修饰名词与非谓语动词是主动关系,且动词为不及物动词(如 originate、extend),只能用 doing(无被动形式)。
抽象名词 + to do 固定搭配:desire、chance、ability 等抽象名词后,常接 to do 作定语(2024 年直接考查 desire to do)。
(二)易错点
混淆 “现在分词完成式” 与 “过去分词”:现在分词完成式(having done)表 “主动 + 先于谓语动作”,过去分词(done)表 “被动 + 完成”,二者逻辑关系不同(天津卷暂未直接考查 having done 作定语,但需区分)。
误将 “to be done” 作定语表将来被动:天津卷未直接考查该形式,但需了解 —— 若被修饰名词与非谓语是被动关系且表将来,用 to be done(如 a task to be finished)。
忽略 “固定短语中的过去分词”:如 be known for→known 作定语(2017 年真题),需牢记此类短语的被动含义。
三、解题步骤(针对天津卷作定语题型)
第一步:确定被修饰名词:找到非谓语动词所修饰的核心名词(如 satellite、story、money)。
第二步:判断逻辑关系:
0. 被修饰名词 “发出” 动作→主动关系→选 to do/doing。
0. 被修饰名词 “承受” 动作→被动关系→选 done。
第三步:判断动作时序:
0. 将来动作→to do(如 desire to discover)。
0. 进行 / 主动特征→doing(如 clocks originating from)。
0. 完成 / 被动状态→done(如 course designed to help)。
第四步:结合固定搭配:若涉及 “have sth. to do”“be known for” 等固定结构,直接按搭配选择。
通过以上梳理,天津卷非谓语作定语的题目可完全覆盖,核心在于精准判断 “主动 / 被动” 和 “动作时序”,结合真题规律即可快速锁定答案。
(2023·天津·高考真题)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
A.posting B.to post
C.posted D.to be posted
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词、句意:这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上,已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。
(2024·天津·高考真题)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places.
A.to discover B.to be discovering
C.to be discovered D.to have discovered
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者,人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”,与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。
考点四:非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. 不定式(to do)作宾补
固定搭配动词:ask、tell、want、order、encourage、persuade、teach、advise 等(sb. to do sth.)。
使役动词 / 感官动词特殊用法:let、make、have、see、watch、hear 等,后接不带 to 的不定式(do),但被动语态中需还原 to(be made to do)。
2. 现在分词(doing)作宾补
核心含义:表 “宾语正在进行的主动动作”,强调动作的持续性。
固定搭配动词:keep、have、leave、see、watch、hear、find 等(sb. doing sth.)。
3. 过去分词(done)作宾补
核心含义:表 “宾语承受的被动动作” 或 “宾语的状态”。
固定搭配动词:have、get、make、keep、see、find、want 等(sth. done /sb. done)。
(2025·天津·高考真题)With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.
A.to perform B.to be performed C.performing D.being performed
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着机器人执行各种工业任务,工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语,用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系,应现在分词表主动。故选C项。
(2025·天津·高考真题)The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year.
A.to carry out B.carrying out C.being carried out D.carried out
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室,老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构,construction project与carry out之间是被动关系,即项目“被实施”,强调被动和完成的意义,应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故选D。
(2018·天津·高考真题)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A.taking B.taken
C.being taken D.take
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
(建议用时:10分钟)
考点一:非谓语动词作目的状语。
(2020·天津·高考真题)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。
(2020·天津·高考真题)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.promoting D.to promote
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
考点二:非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语
(2015·天津·高考真题) ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A.To absorb B.To be absorbed
C.Absorbed D.Absorbing
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:全神贯注于绘画中,约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于,在句中作状语,省略be动词,故选C。
(2014·天津·高考真题)Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A.writing B.to write
C.written D.being written
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这本书写得既清楚又意味深长,该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。根据write与the book是被动的关系,所以要用过去分词作状语。故选C。
(2011·天津·高考真题)______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A.Translating B.Translated
C.To translate D.Having translated
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被译为英语,句子被发现有一个完全不一样的句序。在同主语的主从复合句中,当从句的主语和谓语是主动关系,用现在分词表示主动关系,当从句的主语和谓语是被动关系,用过去分词表示被动。句中逻辑主语the sentence与translate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。故选B。
(2017·天津·高考真题)(2017·天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A.being allowed B.allowing
C.having allowed D.allowed
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备,允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系,用doing即现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行;C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生;D. allowed表示被动且完成,故选B。
(2010·天津·高考真题)It rained heavily in the south,________serious floods in several provinces.
A.caused B.having caused
C.causing D.to cause
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:南方下了大雨,在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果,而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系,所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。故选C。
(2014·天津·高考真题)(2014·天津卷)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A.to find B.found
C.finding D.having found
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿,结果却发现不合身。only +动词不定式,表示意想不到的结果。found是过去分词,常常表示被动和完成的含义;finding是现在分词,常常表示主动和进行;having found 是-ing的完成式,表示动作发生在先。故选A。
考点三:非谓语动词作定语
(2019·天津·高考真题)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally.
A.designed B.designing
C.to design D.being designed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程,专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故选A。
(2018·天津·高考真题)There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent.
A.used B.using C.to use D.to be used
【答案】A
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:近年来医学取得了许多进展。这意味着用于医学研究的钱花得很值。分析句子可知,money与use在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选A项。
考点四:非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(2017·天津·高考真题)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________.
A.catching B.caught
C.to catch D.to be caught
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表,因为我要去赶火车。have在本句中意为“有”,根据固定结构Sb have sth to do某人有某事要做,在本句中to do由主语完成,故选C。
【点睛】本句考查的是have的复合结构:have+宾语+非谓语,既是重点又是难点。对于have的复合结构,非谓语用什么形式,首先确定have的词义,是“有”还是“让”,have(有)+ sth to do sth (由主语完成);have(让)+宾语+do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析),所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法,灵活掌握才能把题作对。
(2021·天津·高考真题)Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills.
A.to have taught B.to teach C.teaching D.having taught
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词的固定结构。句意:玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师,因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.,意为“雇佣某人做某事”,根据句意,故选B。
(建议用时:20分钟)
考点一:非谓语动词作目的状语。
(2017·天津·高考真题)________ more about amazing animal facts, he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve.
A.Finding out B.Found out C.To find out D.Being found out
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了了解更多关于神奇动物的事实,他去了附近的自然保护区。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。故选C。
(2009·天津·高考真题)______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A.Competing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了及时完成这个项目,员工们周末都在工作。根据后句the staff were working at weekends.可知,在周末一直在工作的目的就是按时完成工程,所以用不定式做目的状语。故选D。
考点二:非谓语动词作原因状语与结果状语
(2012·天津·高考真题)He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.
A.left B.to leave
C.leaving D.having left
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他起晚了,没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系,即他让......处于某种状态,应该用现在分词表伴随状况,排除A、B;“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的,当两个动作有时间先后关系时,需要使用现在分词的完成式,排除D;leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐,故选C。
(2009·天津·高考真题)________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging
C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被科技的进步鼓舞着,很多农民在自己的土地上建起了风力发电厂。逗号前面的是非谓语动词做状语,encourage和这句话的主语many farmers是被动关系,用过去分词做状语。故选C。
(2020·天津·高考真题)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A.being clapped B.clap C.clapped D.clapping
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中,have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语,其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。故选D。
(2016·天津·高考真题)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.
A.making B.to make
C.made D.being made
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语,但是那是预料不到的结果。本句描述的是一种顺理成章的结果。故选A。
考点三:非谓语动词作定语
(2013·天津·高考真题) In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _______in daily conversations.
A.using B.to use C.having used D.used
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有些语言,100个词汇就占了日常会话中的一半词汇。这是非谓语动词做定语,words与use之间存在被动关系,所以选D。A表示正在发生,B表示将来,C表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作发生,D表示被动和完成。非谓语动词做定语用法的区别在于时间:to do表将来,doing表现在,done表被动或完成。故选D。
考点四:非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(2019·天津·高考真题)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”.
A.being taken B.to take
C.to be taken D.taking
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:图书馆墙上的牌子上写着:“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”be allowed to do“被允许做”。根据句意可知,此处应使用被动式。故C选项正确。
(2011·天津·高考真题)Passengers are permitted ________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B.carrying
C.to be carried D.being carried
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:乘客只被允许带一件手提行李上飞机。此处是短语:permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”,被动语态是:sb. be permitted to do。故选A。
(建议用时:20分钟)
1.(2025·天津·二模)The athlete, ________ by the coach repeatedly for his carelessness in training, finally decided to focus on improving his weak points.
A.having been criticized B.being criticized
C.criticized D.to have been criticized
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位运动员因训练中粗心大意多次被教练批评后,最终决定专注于提高自己的弱点。空白处在句子中作状语,因动作criticize发生在主句谓语动词decided之前,且与其逻辑主语the athlete之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用现在分词的完成被动式,故选A。
2.(2025·天津·三模)______ to make a hasty decision, the committee chose to delay approving the proposal until further discussion.
A.Wanting not B.Not wanted C.Not wanting D.Having not wanted
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:由于不想仓促做出决定,委员会选择推迟批准该提案,以便进一步讨论。句子主语为the committee,与空格处的动词“want”之间为主谓关系(委员会“不想”仓促做决定),因此需用现在分词形式,非谓语动词的否定需将“not”直接置于非谓语形式之前,即“not + doing”。故选C项。
3.(2025·天津宝坻·二模)The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs.
A.being respected B.respected
C.to respect D.respecting
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:校长强调在组织国际交流项目时,尊重文化差异的重要性。作介词of的宾语,respect用动名词形式。故选D。
4.(2025·天津和平·三模)Tibetan antelope’s presence breathes life into the winter landscape of the plateau, ________ a harmonious ecosystem and natural beauty.
A.To have presented B.presented
C.presenting D.having presented
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:藏羚羊的存在为高原的冬季景观注入了生机,展现了和谐的生态系统与自然之美。分析句子可知,此空考查非谓语,前面句子与present为主动关系,再由语境可知,藏羚羊的“存在”与“展现生态”是同一过程的两个方面,所以这里应用现在分词presenting作伴随状语。故选C项。
5.(2025·天津滨海新·三模)When it comes to AI application in healthcare, we can see intelligence systems ______ patients for precise monitoring.
A.being tracked B.tracked C.tracking D.to track
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当谈到人工智能在医疗保健中的应用时,我们可以看到智能系统跟踪患者进行精确监控。句中谓语是can see,空格处用非谓语动词,systems和track之间是主谓关系,因此用现在分词表主动,作宾语补足语,故选C。
6.(2025·天津北辰·三模)The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen.
A.to come B.come C.coming D.came
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:电影《哪吒2》中的新技术如此惊人,以至于让角色在屏幕上栩栩如生。从句谓语为makes,本空为非谓语动词,make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。本空用省略to的不定式come,作宾补。故选B。
7.(2023·天津滨海新·三模)The recent TV series Three-Body,________from Liu Cixin’s sci-fi book, has impressed audiences with its splendid visual effects.
A.adapted B.to be adapted C.adapting D.having adapted
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最近改编自刘慈欣科幻小说的电视剧《三体》以其出色的视觉效果给观众留下了深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知adapt与逻辑主语Three-Body构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故选A。
8.(2023·天津河北·二模)The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, ________ us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
A.reminded B.to be reminded C.reminding D.having reminded
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:挑战者号的牺牲呼唤着我们,提醒着我们必须继续探索星空,不管它们看起来有多遥远。句子主语The sacrifice of the Challenger和remind之间是主动关系,是现在分词作伴随状语。故选C。
9.(2023·天津和平·二模)While we sleep, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, ________ us to enter a virtual reality.
A.to allow B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意:当我们睡觉时,大脑会重放醒着时的活动模式,让我们进入虚拟现实。分析句子可知,空处及之后的内容在句中为状语,表示睡觉时,大脑所作的动作的结果,表示一种自然而然的结果,所以空处用现在分词。选项B符合题意,故选B。
10.(2023·天津河北·一模)Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination ________ sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status.
A.to boast B.being boasted C.boasted D.boasting
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:今天,敦煌是一个世界级的旅游目的地,拥有联合国教科文组织保护的遗产地位。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语,动词boast和逻辑主语Dunhuang为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式。故选D项。
11.(2023·天津河东·一模)It takes a bit of practice________ comfortable when foreigners learn to use chopsticks to eat.
A.feeling B.to feel C.felt D.to be felt
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当外国人学习用筷子吃饭时,需要一些练习才能感到舒服。分析句子结构可知,此处应为it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,feel为系动词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,所以使用不定式的主动形式to feel作真正的主语。故选B项。
12.(2023·天津河东·一模)The development of new media, ________ from the internet to digital television,means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention.
A.ranges B.ranged C.to range D.ranging
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从互联网到数字电视等新媒体的发展,意味着从事广告工作的人将不得不想出更多方法来吸引公众的注意力。分析句子结构可知,means是谓语,that引导的是宾语从句,从句中的谓语是will have,所以此处应为非谓语动词,range与其逻辑主语the development of new media之间为主动关系,结合句意可知,此处表示的是当前的状态,所以使用现在分词形式作定语。故选D项。
13.(2024·天津滨海新·三模)Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then.
A.setting B.set C.to set D.having set
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:美国著名作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》,以1920年代为背景,揭示了当时社会的空虚与焦虑。be set in“以……为背景”为固定短语,空处在句中作非谓语,把be去掉即可。故选B项。
14.(2024·天津北辰·三模)Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys.
A.designing B.to be designed
C.being designed D.designed
【答案】D
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:温莎城堡的商店提供为皇家收藏设计的各种纪念品,包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。句中已有谓语offer,空处作非谓语动词,design和逻辑主语souvenirs是被动关系,且结合语意可知,design这一动作已经完成,空处应用design的过去分词形式作souvenirs的后置定语。故选D项。
15.(2024·天津南开·一模)TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app ________ users to create, share and watch short videos.
A.having allowed B.allowing C.allowed D.to be allowed
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:抖音在中国被称为抖音,是一款允许用户创建、分享和观看短视频的移动应用程序。分析句子结构可知allow与逻辑主语app构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故选B。
16.(2023·天津和平·一模)I was 12 and ,________all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at the new school.
A.lost B.having been lost C.having lost D.losing
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我12岁,失去了所有的老朋友,在新学校我感到害羞和孤独。空处应填非谓语动词作状语,lose与逻辑主语I构成主动关系,且动词已经完成,应用现在分词的完成式having done。故选C。
17.(2022·天津南开·一模)Believed _______ buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ruins of Neapolis are almost 2, 000 years old.
A.to be B.to have been C.having D.being
【答案】B
【详解】考查不定式。句意:据说,在公元4世纪的一次海啸中,奈阿波利斯的废墟被埋在了水下,距今已有近2000年的历史。短语be believed to,意为“被认为,据说”,不定式后的动词和主语之间是被动关系,所以用不定式的被动语态,并且动词发生在Believed前面,应用完成式,故选B。
18.(2022·天津红桥·二模)Museums in Tianjin are on the move, ______ exhibits that entertain and educate.
A.added B.adding C.to add D.having added
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:天津的博物馆正在发展中,增加了娱乐和教育的展品。动词不定式表示目的或出乎预料的结果且有将来含义;现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前;分析可知,add是非谓语动词,作伴随状语,与其逻辑主语Museums in Tianjin之间是主动关系,应用现在分词一般式表主动和正在发生。故选B项。
19.(2022·天津红桥·二模)I have a lot ______ before the exam so I can’t watch too much TV now.
A.to be done B.doing C.to do D.do
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:考试前我有很多事情要做,所以我现在不能看太多电视。分析句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,have sth to do“有事要做”是习惯用法,不定式表示将来含义,且此处为主动表被动。故选C项。
20.(2022·天津和平·三模)He said that many words ________ nature were now missing from the new version of the junior dictionary.
A.described B.being described C.describing D.to describe
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他说,新版《初级词典》中有许多描写自然的单词现在都没有了。分析可知,此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语,words与describe之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词表主动,故选C。
21.(2022·天津滨海新·一模)—Who did the teacher have _____ a speech for the graduation ceremony just now?
—I have no idea, either.
A.addressed B.address C.addressing D.to address
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:——刚才老师让谁在毕业典礼上发言了?——我也不知道。分析句子结构可知,句子谓语动词是have,所以空处需填非谓语动词,have sb do...“让某人做……”,空处应填动词原形address,作宾语补足语。故选B项。
22.(2022·天津河北·二模)With the Olympic flame ________, the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics came to an end on February 20th.
A.to extinguish B.extinguishes C.extinguished D.extinguishing
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:随着奥运圣火熄灭,北京2022年冬季奥运会于2月20日闭幕。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语补足语。with+宾语+doing/to do/done为with的复合结构。the Olympic flame与extinguish“熄灭”是被动关系,且该动作已经完成,故用过去分词。故选C。
23.(2022·天津河北·二模)A recent Canadian study suggests that a child ________ from interactive music classes has better communication skills.
A.benefit B.benefiting C.benefited D.to benefit
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:加拿大最近的一项研究表明,从互动式音乐课程中受益的孩子有更好的沟通技能。空处作定语,应用非谓语动词,benefit from和逻辑主语child之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故选B。
24.(2022·天津南开·一模)When I returned to my high school in town, I found it ______ completely.
A.changed B.to be changed
C.having changed D.changing
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我回到城里的高中时,我发现它已经完全改变了。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是found,空格处用非谓语动词,it和change是逻辑动宾关系,且发现的时候它已经改变了,因此空格处用过去分词表被动和完成,故选A。
25.(2022·天津和平·一模)Lonely Planet is one of the world’s largest travel guide brands, ______ more than 500 different guides in eight languages.
A.to publish B.publishing C.published D.publish
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:《孤独星球》是世界上最大的旅游指南品牌之一,用8种语言出版了500多本不同的旅游指南。句中已有谓语动词is且无连词,故空处为非谓语动词作状语,publish和Lonely Planet之间为逻辑主动关系,应用现在分词。故选B。
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