范畴3 主题二十 宇宙探索与科学精神-（精练册）【中考特训·高分提能特训】2026年河北中考英语课后作业案课件PPT（人教版）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“人与自然”主题下的宇宙探索，紧密对接中考阅读（科学数据、探索步骤等细节提取）和写作（科学逻辑与情感表达）要求，结合近三年真题分析考点权重，按完形填空、阅读理解、阅读表达题型分类梳理，覆盖课标主题，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题情境+核心素养”融合，如完形填空通过神舟飞船返回案例考查动词短语与连词运用，培养语言能力；阅读理解土星卫星发现题示范“细节定位法”提升思维品质；阅读表达结合学生设计国旗案例渗透文化意识。教师可依此开展专题训练，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，高效冲刺中考。

英语 1 第一部分 课标主题读写综合 范畴3 人与自然 主题二十 宇宙探索与科学精神 2 考查维度 1. 阅读维度:选取贴近学生认知的宇宙探索、当下热点探讨话题场景语篇,考查细节(如科学数据、探索步骤、实验结论等具体信息)提取能力。 2. 写作维度:以中考高频应用体裁为载体,依托学生熟知的科学探索场景设置任务, (如空间站太空授课,)考查规范表达‘科学探索需要严谨与创新’的感悟,体现科学逻辑与情感表达的结合。 教材链接 人教 八上 Unit 7 Will people have robots? 九全 Unit 5 What are the shirts made of? 冀教 九全 Unit 5 Look into Science 3 一、完形填空 A 17 September, 2021 was Chinese astronaut Liu Boming’s 55th birthday. He said it was his most unforgettable birthday. That’s the day he 1 the earth. He was on the Shenzhou Ⅺ spaceship from China’s Tiangong space station, along with Nie Haisheng and Tang Hongbo. 2 , returning from space was really challenging. Chinese scientists and astronauts 3 full preparations and succeeded! Before heading home, astronauts first did exercise to 4 their muscles (肌肉), bones and hearts to prepare for coming into the atmosphere (大气层) and 5 the ground, according to Nie. 4 During the journey, the astronauts experienced a blackout period (黑障阶段) after entering the atmosphere. It means they lost touch with the 6 for several minutes. But 7 the radar (雷达), scientists on the ground still knew where the spaceship was. Their parachutes (降落伞) also helped the spaceship in its return. When it was about 10 kilometers above the ground, it still travelled at 200 meters per 8 . That was twice the speed of high-speed trains! 9 it down step by step, small parachutes were used, then the big main parachute. The parachute package was less than 100 kilograms and could be packed 10 a bag. Chinese scientists developed these special parachutes on their own. 1.( ) A. ran to B. left for C. returned to D. stayed away from C 2.( ) A. For example B. By the way C. In fact D. On the one hand C 3.( ) A. made B. found C. thought D. faced A 4.( ) A. train B. make C. help D. keep A 5.( ) A. hit B. to hit C. hitting D. being hit C 6.( ) A. space B. train C. website D. ground D 7.( ) A. thanks for B. thanks to C. more than D. instead of B 8.( ) A. second B. minute C. hour D. year A 9.( ) A. slow B. slowing C. slowed D. To slow D 10.( ) A. onto B. into C. out D. by B 6 B On April 30, 2025, the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft safely landed at the Dongfeng Landing site, 1 China’s 14th manned space mission (任务) successfully. The three astronauts—Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze—were carefully helped out of the return module 2 after 183 days in space. Medical teams rushed to the landing site and quickly 3 the astronauts’ physical conditions. To everyone’s happiness, all three showed 4 health signs, proving China’s space technology had improved greatly. 5 they didn’t stand up immediately, the astronauts smiled and waved to the cameras, expressing their excitement. . 7 The shenzhou-19 mission achieved wonderful results. The crew did 88 scientific experiments in fields like space life science and 6 new materials. They completed three spacewalks, breaking China’s record for the longest single spacewalk. Cai Xuzhe became China’s 7 experienced spacewalker, while song Lingdong made history 8 the first astronaut born in the 1990s to do a spacewalk. This success is not only a technical breakthrough (突破) but also a 9 of China’s growing space power. It encourages young people to 10 their dreams in science. As China explores space further, the future looks bright. 8 1.( ) A. completing B. competing C. comparing D. complaining A 2.( ) A. nervously B. safely C. tiredly D. happily B 3.( ) A. looked B. created C. improved D. checked D 4.( ) A. perfect B. strange C. weak D. low A 5.( ) A. Besides B. However C. Though D. Moreover C 6.( ) A. building B. making C. developing D. using C 7.( ) A. least B. more C. much D. mostn D 8.( ) A. for B. as C. with D. from B 9.( ) A. sign B. problem C. chance D. question A 10.( ) A. give up B. look for C. run after D. depend on C 9 B【 主旨大意】本文主要介绍了中国又一项载人航天任务—神舟十 九号的相关信息。 1. A 解析:completing完成;competing 竞争;comparing 比较;complaining抱怨。根据“the shenzhou-19 spacecraft safely landed. . . completing china ’s 14th manned space mission”可知 ,飞船安全着陆 , 说明完成了中国第14 次载人航天任务。 2. B 解析:nervously 紧张地 ; safely 安全地 ;tiredly 疲惫地 ;happily 快乐地。根据“were carefully helped out of the return module ”可知 , 此处指他们被工作人员小心并安全地从返回舱中接出。 3. D 解析:looked 看 ; created 创造 ; improved 改进 ; checked 检查。根据“Medical teams”可知 , 医疗团队抵达 ,说明是给航天员检查身体。 4. A 解析:perfect 完美 ; strange 奇怪 ;weak 虚弱 ; low 低 。根据“ To everyone’s happiness ”及“ proving China’s space technology had improved greatly”可知 ,令每个人感到高兴 , 且后文提到证明中国太空技术大幅提升 , 由此说明宇航员的各项生理指标均表现优异。 5. C 解析: Besides 此外; However 然而; Though 尽管; Moreover 而且。根据“they didn’t stand up immediately, the astronauts smiled and waved to the cameras ,expressing their excitement ” 可知 ,虽然他们没有立即站起来 , 但他们展现出饱满的精神状态 , 前后分句之间是让步关系 , 用 though 引导让步状语从句。 6. C 解析:building 建造 ;making 制作 ; developing 开发 ; using 使用。 根据“new materials ”可知 ,此处应该指研发新的材料。 7. D 解析: least 最少 ; more 更多 ; much 很多 ;most 最多 。根据“Cai Xuzhe became China’s”可知 ,此处 表示比较范围 , 说明蔡旭哲成为中国太空行走经验最丰富的航天 员 , 因此用形容词最高级。 8. B 解析:for 为了;as 作为;with 和; from 从。 空格后是“ the first astronaut”,常用“make history as. . . ” 这种形式表达“ 作为…… 而创造历史”。 9. A 解析:sign 标志;problem 问题;chance机会;question问题。根据 “of China’s growing space power” 可知,中国日益增长的太空力量,此处需填入表示“标志”或“象征” 的名词。 10. C 解析:give up 放弃;look for 寻找;run after追逐;depend on 依赖。根据“It encourages young people to. . . their dreams in science. ”可知 ,此处指鼓励年轻人去追求他们的科学梦想 ,run after“追逐”。 C Ye Peijian is a big hero in space science. When he was a little kid, he 1 developing his country’s science and technology. When he grew up, he got a 2 to study in switzerland. He worked super hard there and got his doctor’s degree. But he didn’t choose to stay in the foreign country. He 3 his country, China, and wanted to do something great for it. So he came back to china quickly. Then, Ye Peijian started working on important space projects. One of them was the Chang’e lunar exploration * program. He and his 4 didn’t give up although there were so many problems when they worked on the Chang’e-1 project. They worked 5 . They tried different methods again and again. After a long time of hard work, they made Chang’e-1 fly to the moon 6 in 2007. . 13 Later, for the Chang’e-4 project, Ye Peijian had a big idea. He wanted to send the spacecraft to the far side of the 7 . No one had ever done this before. Some people were worried because it was too hard. But ye peijian said, “We can do it 8 we try our best!” He and his team worked even harder. They found new ways to send the spacecraft and make it land safely on the far side of the moon. In 2019, Chang’e-4 landed there, and the whole world was 9 ! Thanks to Ye Peijian and his team, China made a 10 step in space exploration. His story shows us that we can make our dreams come true as long as we love our country, work hard, and never give up! * The word “exploration” means the act of traveling through a place in order to find out about it or look for something in it. 14 1.( ) A. took up B. worried about C. dreamed of D. took after C 2.( ) A. place B. chance C. job D. task B 3.( ) A. missed B. left C. visited D. forgot A 4.( ) A. class B. club C. family D. team D 5.( ) A. hand in hand B. step by step C. day and night D. now and then C 6.( ) A. nearly B. easily C. secretly D. successfully D 7.( ) A. sun B. star C. moon D. earth C 8.( ) A. while B. if C. though D. unless B 9.( ) A. surprised B. afraid C. nervous D. bored A 10.( ) A. small B. big C. final D. hard B 15 C【主旨大意】本文讲述了航天科学家叶培建从小立志报国 , 留学归国后带领团队攻坚克难 ,成功实现嫦娥探月工程的故事。 1. C 解析:took up 开始从事 ;worried about 担心; dreamed of 梦想; took after与……相像 。根据“When he was a little kid, he. . . developing his country’s science and technology. ” 可知 ,这里表示当他还是个小孩的时候 ,他应该是“ 梦想 ”发展国家 的科学技术。 2. B 解析:place 地方 ;chance 机会 ; job 工作 ; task 任务 。根据“When he grew up, he got a. . . to study in switzerland. ”可知 , 这里表示有机会去瑞士学习。got a chance todo sth. 表示“有机会做某事”。 3. A 解析: missed 想念; left 离开; visited 参观; forgot 忘记。根据 “ He. . . his country, China, and wanted to do something great for it. ”可知 , 这里表示他没有选择留在国外 , 而是“ 想念”他的国家— 中国 , 想要为国家作贡献。 4. D 解析: class 班级;club 俱乐部; family家庭;team团队。根据“He and his. . . didn’t give up although there were so many problems when they worked on the Chang’e-1 project. ”可知,这里表示在嫦娥-1 项目工作时, 应该是他和他的“团队”。 5. C 解析:hand in hand 手拉手 ;step by step 一步一步地 ;day and night 日日夜夜 ;now and then 时不时地。 根 据“They worked. . . They tried different methods again and again. ” 可知 ,这里表示为了完成项目 ,他们应该是“ 日日夜夜”地工作。 6. D 解析:nearly 几乎 ; easily 容易地 ;secretly秘密地 ;successfully 成功地。根据“After a long time of hard work ,they made Chang ’e-1 fly to the moon. . . in 2007. ”可知 , 这里表示经过长时间努力工作 , 他们使嫦娥-1“成功地”飞向月球。 7 . C 解析:sun 太阳 ;star 星星 ;moon 月球 ;earth 地球 。根据“He wanted to send the spacecraft to the far side of the. . . ”可知 , 嫦娥项目是月球探索项目 ,这里是说把航天器送到月球的背面。 8. B 解 析 : while 然而 ; if 如果 ; though 尽管; unless 除非。根据“We can do it. . . we try our best! ” 可知 ,这里表示如果我们尽最大努力 ,我们就能做到 ,这里是条件状语从句 ,用 if引导。 9. A 解析 : surprised 惊讶的 ; afraid 害怕的 ; nervous 紧张的 ; bored 无聊的 。根据“ In 2019, Chang’e-4 landed there, and the whole world was. . . ”可知 ,这里表示嫦娥-4 在月球背面着陆 ,这是前所未有的 , 所以全世界都感到“惊讶”。 10. B 解析: small 小的 ; big 大的 ; final最终的 ;hard 困难的。根据“In 2019, Chang’e-4 landed there, and the whole world was. . . Thanks to Ye Peijian and his team, China made a. . . step in space exploration. ” 可知 ,这里表示多亏了叶培建和他的团队 , 中国在太空探索中取得了巨大成就 ,应是迈出了“ 一 大步”。 A 二、阅读理解 The Shenzhou XX was launched (发射) at 5:17 pm on April 24, 2025. The three astronauts are Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie. They are expected to arrive at the Tiangong space station early the next morning, and join their peers in the Shenzhou XIX who have been in orbit for nearly six months. According to the program of Shenzhou XX, it would take about six-and-a-half hours to arrive. After that, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou XX would spend some time making preparations, such as taking off their pressure suits and wearing the special work suits. Then they would be able to enter the space station. 19 During their six-month stay, Chen Dong and his teammates will do many different things. One interesting thing is that they will do some scientific experiments at the China’s space station. Among them, the experiment of planarians (涡虫) in space is the first of its kind in China. Planarians are known for their abilities to regrow their bodies. The Shenzhou XX mission will use the head to study the influence of space on the regrowth of planarians, middle and tail parts. This will help people understand the regrowth and deal with human health problems caused by space. Besides doing scientific experiments, they will also do technological demonstrations (演示), perform spacewalks, give science lectures (讲座) and do other activities. In a word, they will live a busy and meaningful life in space. 20 1. When is the Shenzhou XX expected to arrive at the Tiangong space station? A. six months after launch. B. Late on April 24th, 2025. C. Early on April 25th, 2025. D. At 5:17 pm on April 24th, 2025. 2. What is special about the planarian experiment in space? A. It will help astronauts grow food in space. B. It is the first time China has studied animals in space. C. It focuses on how planarians survive without food in space. D. It will test how space affects the regrowth ability of planarians. C D 21 3. What will the members of the Shenzhou XXdo in space? a. Do scientific experiments. b. Give science lectures. c. Plant some vegetables. d. Have a party. e. Perform spacewalks. A. a ,b ,d B. b ,c ,d C. a ,b ,e D. c ,d ,e 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The three astronauts of the Shenzhou XX. B. The introduction of the Shenzhou XX launch time. C. The importance of the experiment of planarian in space. D. The planned program and tasks of the Shenzhou XX astronauts. C D 22 B(2025 连云港) Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. Amoon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide—quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At 23 between 6.5 million and 18 million miles awayfrom the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists , several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. The new moons were first discovered in 2023 by a team of scientists led by Edward Ashton, and were recently confirmed by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Saturn now is the planet with the most moons—Jupiter is not far behind with 95. However, Dr. Ashton believes this might be the limit for moon discovery. “I don’t think Jupiter will ever catch up,” he said. “With present technology, I don’t think we can do better than what has already been done , ” he added. 24 1. What do we know about the new discovery? A. Newly found moons look the same. B. Scientists found new moons by accident. C. Saturn’s rings attract many scientists. D. 128 new moons were found around Saturn. 2. What does “the ringed planet” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Earth. B. saturn. C. Moon. D. Titan. D B 25 3. What led to the large number of Saturn’s moons? A. The size of the planet. B. The weights of the moons. C. The orbit of the planet. D. The crashes of the moons. 4. What can we learn from Dr. Ashton’s words in the last paragraph? A. Jupiter will soon catch up with saturn. B. Saturn’s new moons might support life. C. The IAU presented a medal to his team. D. He is satisfied with their moon discovery. D D 26 B【 主旨大意】本文介绍了科学家们在土星周围新发现的 128 颗卫星 , 还解释了土星拥有众多卫星的原因 , 以及科学家对未来的卫星发现的 看法。 1. D 解析:细节理解题。根据“Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around saturn”可知科学家们发现了土星周围 128 颗新的卫星。 2. B 解析: 词义猜测题。根据“ At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet , the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. ”可知这些新发现的卫星距离土星650 万至 1800 万英里 ,也比土星最大的卫星泰坦更远 ,故此处“the ringed planet”指的是土星。 3. D 解析:细节理解题。根据“ the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons.”可知土星的引力吸引了许多岩石和冰块 , 随着时间的推移 ,这些物体相互碰撞 ,破碎成更小的碎片 , 或者聚集在一起形成了许多小卫星。 4. D 解析:推理判断题。根据“With present technology, I don’t think we can do better than what has already been done ”可知 Dr. Ashton 认为 , 以目前的技术水平 ,他们已经做到了极致 ,不太可能再有新的发现 , 这表明他对团队的发现感到满意。 A(2025 临沂模拟) We use bricks (砖) to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base (基地) on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are three times stronger than normal concrete (混凝土) bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. 三、阅读表达 29 Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon. The scientists had tested five different kinds of simulated (模拟的) lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment Quakes (月震) often happen there, and cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) is high. It gets as hot as 180 ℃ during the day and as cold as -190 ℃ at night. The lunar bricks was sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft on November 15, 2024. There, scientists will check how well the bricks do in space. 30 1. Why are the lunar bricks developed? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Because scientists hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon./To use them to build a base on the moon. 2. Why is it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulants? ________________________________________________________________________ Because the soil on the moon is different in different places. 3. What will scientists do with the bricks on China’s space station? ________________________________________________________________________ Scientists will check how well the bricks do in space. 31 4. Please give a title to the passage. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Lunar bricks for the moon base construction 5. Do you think it is possible to build a base with lunar bricks on the moon in the near future? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yes, I do. Because science and technology can make something impossible become possible. I believe the aim will come true with the efforts of scientists./No, I don’t. Because there is no air on the moon and the moon has an extreme environment for people to live in. 32 B Chang’e 7 probe (探测器) will travel to the moon in 2026. Thanks to some school kids in Hunan, it will carry a special national flag of china. During a regular meeting of Lushan International Experimental primary school’s science club, Deng Haoxuan raised an interesting question, “There is no wind on the moon, so how can we make the flag fly?” This question led to a heated discussion among his classmates. Deng remembered that magnets (磁铁) can push away from each other, and he thought this might help the flag fly. However, when they tried using magnets, they found them too heavy and the flag kept falling. 33 Then, Deng and his team came up with a new idea. They glued wires (电线) to the flag. When the electric passed through these wires, they created a magnetic field (磁场). This made the flag move like magnets do. The kids didn’t stop there. They learned that the idea might still work in space. After months of continuous testing and countless adjustments, they finally discovered the ideal position to place the wires. “It’s amazing that our idea worked, and soon we’ll see the five-star red flag fly in space,” Deng said with excitement. 34 1. When will the special national flag of China be carried to the moon? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In 2026. 2. Why can’t flags normally fly on the moon? ________________________________________________________________________ Because there is no wind. 3. What was the first problem the kids faced when trying to make the flag fly? ________________________________________________________________________ Magnets were too heavy. 35 4. Why did the kids test their idea for months? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ To find the ideal wire position to place the wires. 5. What do you think of Deng and his team? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ They are creative and persistent. They turned curiosity into real scientific achievement. 36 $