专项八 动词和动词短语-（精讲册）【考出好成绩】2026年河北新中考英语单元分层练习课件PPT（人教版）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“动词和动词短语”核心语法考点，系统覆盖实义动词、系动词、情态动词等分类及同一动词型、介词/副词型短语，结合2025年重庆、天津等地中考真题，分析考点权重，归纳语法填空、语境补全等常考题型，精准对接中考考查要求。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题分层练”模式，如通过情态动词表推测用法解析（can't表否定推测、may/might表可能性）和动词短语语境应用训练（如come up with提出、put off推迟），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套“句境专练”“语法填空”等实战题型，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此制定针对性复习计划，提升中考备考效率。

研究河北新考情 更懂中考新方向 河北新中考 英语RJ 精讲册 2 第二部分 河北中考核心语法系统复习 专项八 动词和动词短语 3 考点精讲 高分分层提优练 4 返回目录 5 一、动词 1.动词的分类 分类 用法 示例 实 义 动 词 及物动词 后边直接加宾语 I often play soccer after school. 不及物动词 后无需接宾语，构成 “主语+谓语”的句型； 后跟宾语需加介词， 构成“主语+谓语+介词 +宾语”的句型 When the spring arrives,flowers come out. We should listen to the teacher carefully. 返回目录 6 分类 用法 示例 系 动 词 状态系动词 表示主语所处的状态 be 感官系动词 表示人体感官的系动词 taste,smell,sound,look，feel 表象系动词 表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态 appear,seem 变化系动词 表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态 go,get,turn,grow,become 持续系动词 表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态 keep,stay,remain,stand 续表 返回目录 7 分类 用法 示例 助动词 不可单独作谓语，必须和 其他动词连用构成谓语 be（is,am,are,was,were,being,been）,do （does,did）,have/has,shall,will等 情态动词 表情感和态度，不可单独 作谓语，情态动词后面加 动词原形构成谓语 may（might），can（could），should， will，shall，need，must等 续表 返回目录 8 2.情态动词及用法 （1）情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 can 表示能力，意为“能，会” I can play the violin.我会拉小提琴。 表示允许，意为“可以” You can play basketball on weekends. 你可以在周末打篮球。 表示请求，意为“可以” Can I borrow your bike？我能借一下 你的自行车吗？ can’t 表示否定，意为“不会，不能” I can’t go shopping with you.我不能 和你去购物了。 返回目录 9 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 could can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表 示过去的能力 She could speak English when she was a child．她小时候就会说 英语。 在疑问句中表示委婉的请求，答语 用can，不用could —Could I use your book？我可以 用你的书吗？ —Yes，you can.是的，你可以。 couldn’t 意为“不会，不能” I couldn’t drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我不会开车。 续表 返回目录 10 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以” May I go now？我现在可以走了 吗？ 用于祈使句，表示祝福和祝愿，用 法和wish相似 May your dream come true.愿你的 梦想成真。 might may的过去式 He said he might come tomorrow. 他说他明天可能会来。 表示请求、许可，语气比may更 委婉 Might I borrow your book？我可 以借你的书吗？ 续表 返回目录 11 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 must 表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定” You must finish the project by Friday.周五之前你必须完成这个 项目。 续表 返回目录 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 mustn’t must的否定形式，意为“一定 不要，禁止” You mustn’t play on the road.你一定 不要在马路上玩。 have to 意为“不得不，必须”，多表 示客观需要，有人称、时态 和数的变化 I have to go now. My mother is waiting for me.我现在得走了，我妈妈 在等我。 don’t have to 意为“不需要”，回答用must 提问的问句 —Must I clean the room now？我必 须现在打扫房间吗？ —No，you don’t have to.不，你 不必。 续表 返回目录 13 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 should 意为“应该”，表示要求或命令，也 可以表示劝告或建议 We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。 表示征询某人意见，常用于疑问 句中 Should I trust him？我应该相信 他吗？ shouldn’t 意为“不应该” You shouldn’t be so careless.你不 应该如此粗心大意。 need 作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和 疑问句中，意为“需要” You needn’t come if you are busy.如果忙，你就不必来了。 续表 返回目录 14 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 needn’t need的否定式，意为“不需要，没 必要”，常用于must提问的否定 回答 —Must I go with them？ 我必须 跟他们走吗？ —No，you needn’t.不，你不必。 will 表示询问、请求，用于疑问句中， 常用于第二人称 Will you join us for a drink？和 我们一起喝一杯好吗？ won’t will的否定形式 His parents won’t let him come.他 父母不会让他来的。 续表 返回目录 15 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 would 表示自愿做或主动提出做某事 She said she would try her best to help me.她说她愿意尽自己最大 努力来帮助我。 shall 表示请求或征求对方的意见，多用 于第一人称作主语的疑问句中 Shall I send you the book？我把 书给你寄过去好吗？ had better 意为“最好”，简略形式为’d better，多用于第二人称，否定形 式为 had better not You’d better stay at home now．你现在最好待在家里。 续表 返回目录 16 （2）情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 can’t 表示否定推测，意为“一定 不，不可能”（可能性几乎为 零），语气强烈 Li Ming can’t be in the classroom. I just saw him in the library.李明不可能 在教室，我刚刚在图书馆看见他了。 返回目录 17 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 can/could 表示现在或将来的推测，意为“可 能；会”。can表推测时往往用于 否定句和疑问句，用于疑问句 时，can比could表示的“可能性”更 大；could可用于肯定句、否定句 和疑问句 The French book could be Alice’s. She studies French.这本法语书有 可能是艾丽斯的，她学法语。 must 表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意 为“一定，肯定”（100%的可 能性） The book must be Jenny’s. Her name is on it． 这本书一定是珍妮的，这上面有她 的名字。 续表 返回目录 18 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 may 表示可能性，意为“有可能， 也许”，用于肯定句，表示把 握不大的推测 The girl may be lost．这个女孩有可 能迷路了。 may not 表示否定推测，意为“可能 不”，语气不确定 That may not be true．那可能不是 真的。 might 表推测，意为“有可能，也 许”,可能性低于may，语气缓 和、较委婉 John might come this evening，but I’m not sure． 约翰今天晚上也许会来，但是我不 确定。 续表 返回目录 19 （3）情态动词的疑问用法及答语 疑问用法及答语 例句 由may或might引出的一般 疑问句，肯定回答用 may/can，否定回答用 can’t/mustn’t —May/Might I sit here？ 我可以坐在这儿吗？ —Yes，you may/can./No，you can’t/mustn’t. 是的， 你可以。/不，你不能。 由must引出的一般疑问 句，肯定回答常用 must/have to，否定回答常 用 needn’t/don’t have to —Must I hand in my homework this afternoon？我 今天下午必须交作业吗？ —Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t/don’t have to.是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 返回目录 20 疑问用法及答语 例句 回答由need引出的一般疑 问句时，肯定回答用 must/have to，否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to —Need I do the work at once？ 我需要立刻做这项 工作吗？ —Yes，you must/have to. /No，you needn’t/don’t have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 回答由could引出的一般疑 问句时，用can而不用could —Could I use your mobile phone？我可以用你的手 机吗？ —Yes，you can./No，you can’t.是的，你可以。/不， 你不可以。 续表 返回目录 21 二、常见动词短语 1.同一动词型 come短语 come on 加油；快点儿 come out 出现；出版 come over顺便来访 come along 出现；进展 come up with 提出；想出 come back回来 come up出现；升起 come down落下；崩塌 come in进来 come across（偶然）遇见 come true（希望、梦想等）实现 返回目录 22 cut短语 cut down削减；砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯；打断 cut out删去；停止 cut off切断；中断 keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系 续表 返回目录 23 look短语 look at看 look after 照顾；照料 look into调查 look out当心；留神 look up查阅；查找 look for寻找；盼望 look around环顾 look over查看；检查 look through浏览 look back回顾l ook up to尊敬；钦佩 look forward to盼望 look out for留心；注意察看 look like看起来像 续表 返回目录 24 put短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴 put down写下；放下 put back把……放回原处 put into注入；投入 put away放好 put on穿上；上演；增加 put out熄灭 put off推迟 put through接通（电话） 续表 返回目录 25 turn短语 turn over翻身；（使）翻转 turn out结果是；证明是 turn on打开（电灯等） turn off关闭（电灯等） turn away把……拒之门外 turn up开大；调高 turn down调低，关小；拒绝 turn in上交；归还 turn to求助于 turn around（使）转身 续表 返回目录 26 get短语 get up起床 get on上车（船、飞机等） get off下车（船、飞机等） get down下来 get into进入；陷入 get to到达get back回来 续表 返回目录 27 go短语 go on继续 go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead进行；前进 go along继续前进；沿着……走 go by（时间）流逝 go over复习；仔细检查 go off爆炸；（警报等）响起 go down下降 go up上升；增长 go out熄灭；出去（娱乐） go through通过 go back返回 续表 返回目录 give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服；让步 give away捐赠；泄露 give out散发；分发 give over停止；交出 give back归还；恢复 续表 返回目录 29 take短语 take up占用；开始从事 take down写下；记下 take away带走；拿走 take over接收；接管 take out拿出；除去；扣除 take care of照顾 take place举行；发生 take pride in以……为傲 take part in参加 take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take the place of 代替 续表 返回目录 30 2.同一介词/副词型 for短语 ask for 请求 care for关心；关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……付钱 prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻；寻找 send for派人去请 stand for代表；象征 wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢 返回目录 31 up短语 add up加起来；合计 bring up提出；养育；培养 cheer up使振奋 clean up清理；打扫 use up用完；用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装；装扮 eat up吃光 end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；修补 stay up熬夜 tidy up整理；收拾 grow up成长；长大 hurry up赶快 续表 返回目录 32 out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发point out指出 bring out使显现；使变得明显 carry out 执行；贯彻 find out查明；发现 续表 返回目录 33 down 短语 break down停止运转；出故障 calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度 die down变弱；逐渐消失 fall down倒塌；跌倒 knock down拆除；撞倒；击倒 lie down躺下 pull down拆掉；拆毁 look down俯视；轻视 sit down坐下 shut down关闭；停业 write down写下；记下 续表 返回目录 34 away 短语 blow away驱散；吹走 get away离开；逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走 run away逃跑 throw away扔掉 about 短语 argue about争论 bring about引起；造成 care about关心；在意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心 续表 返回目录 35 at短语 aim at瞄准；旨在 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达（小地方） knock at敲 point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看 续表 返回目录 36 off短语 run off流失；逃跑 drop off入睡；下降 fall off减少；跌落 leave off停止；中断 shut off关闭；切断 pay off偿清（欠款等） ring off挂断电话 send off发送；邮寄 set off动身；启程 show off炫耀 give off（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等） 续表 返回目录 37 on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召；拜访 depend on依靠；依赖 feed on以……为食 focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话；坚持 keep on继续前行 pass on传递 try on试穿 work on从事于；忙于 续表 返回目录 38 with 短语 agree with同意 begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch up with追上；赶上 fall in love with爱上（某人或某物） deal with解决；处理 go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃；交出（难舍之物） stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享 talk with和……交谈 续表 返回目录 39 in短语 break in 强行闯入；打断 bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写 result in导致；引起 hand in上交 take in吸收；收入 believe in信任；信赖 续表 返回目录 40 Ⅰ.根据句意填入合适的动词完成句子或对话。 1.(2025重庆)We should never ________ in the face of difficulties. 2.(2025天津)People can ________ friends when they are playing football. give make 3.(2025临沂)At the same time, I understood that they ________ pride in everything good that I do. take 返回目录 41 4.(2025天津) Children in Europe, Asia, and south America spend much time _______ football. playing 5.(2025山西) For example, if a disabled person thinks“ I want to drink water”,a robotic arm can _______ up a cup, fill it with water, lift it carefully to the person ’s mouth, and finally put it back. pick 6.(2025广东)Unlike traditional libraries, this one doesn ’t require its readers to ______ the books. Instead, it encourages them to pass those books on to someone else when they’ve finished reading. return 7.(2025兰州)Self-confidence is a kind of power. It can ______ out the best in all of us. 8.(2025吉林) This brought a shower of sparks (火花). It was beautiful and it ______ like fireworks. bring looked 返回目录 42 9.(2025石家庄一模)Anna wants everyone to think about their own habits. For example, people often buy many cheap things, but the things _______ up in the waste quickly. end 10.—I _______ from Mike on Monday. He invited us to visit his hometown in his letter. —Do we accept his invitation? We haven’t met him for 3 years. 11.—Which school club should I choose? —It _________ on what skills you want to develop. 12.I know how busy you are and I won ’t _______ up too much of your time. 13.On the first day of Chinese New year, we _______ on new clothes and visit people. 14.She always _______ to school on time. She has never been late for school. 15.For your own safety, please _______ away from tiger cage while visiting the zoo. heard depends take put gets keep 返回目录 43 Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 16.The man in blue _______（seem） friendly because he always talks to others with a smile. 17.(2025福建) Since last year, our school has _______(offer) free breakfasts to students in need. 18.(2025天津)Martin often _______ (go) out to relax himself during holidays. 19.(2025攀枝花)I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I was _________ (learn) knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong classroom. 20.It seems that Han Me, has _________ (change) a lot in the last five years. seems offered goes learning changed 返回目录 44 21.Playing with a knife is dangerous. It may ______（hurt） you. 22.(2025云南)We will ______(take) action to stop water pollution near the lake tomorrow. 23.(2025 兰州) Look, the kids are _________( jump) rope in the sports field during the 15-minute break. 24.(2025 河南)No wonder Wu Daozi, is __________ (consider) as a “Sage of Art(画圣)” in China. 25.Not only I but also my father _______（enjoy） watching football games in the evening. We are both football fans. hurt take jumping considered enjoys 返回目录 45 Ⅲ.根据句意使用适当的情态动词完成句子或对话。 21.(2024攀枝花) — ______ we make a meal for our grandparents on Double Ninth Festival? —Good idea. Let ’s do it right now. Shall 22.Having an ice-cream in the hot summer ______ be cool. must 23.(2025乐山) — ______ I have your family name? —Of course. It ’s smith. May 24. (2025长春) The water bottle ______ be Mr. Liu ’s. The name on the bottle isn ’t his. 25.(2025天津) You ________ tell Jim the good news because I ’ve told him already. can’t needn’t 返回目录 46 Ⅳ.阅读下面的短文，填入合适的单词或括号中所给单词的正确形式。 (2025 石家庄一模改编) Modern technology helps protect Chinese disappearing art and culture. There’s a project 31.______(call) China Vine, and through it, people can 32.______(use) modern technology to share Chinese culture on the Internet. That 33.______(bring) some traditional Chinese art back to life. “Many traditions are in the countryside. However, more and more people are 34. _______(move) to cities for work,” explained Congdon, a leader of the project. Because of this, some folk traditions are changing or being lost. The Chinese view their traditional culture as an important part of history. “The valuable traditions should 35.______ __________(protect),” he said. called use brings moving be protected 返回目录 47 To help people learn about China’s cultural heritage (遗产), the project 36. ______(make) a website. Its members visited Chinese villages. They took pictures and noted down details (细节) about the old art forms there. They also took videos of local people. In these videos, the locals create art and share their culture with other people. Then the project members put these videos on the website. Batchler, a student from the Us, is a member of the project. He said, “China Vine hopes anyone who 37.______(have) an interest in China can join us. I 38.____________ (travel) around 30 Chinese villages and made many videos about local culture so far. ” The materials on its website are open for all to use. This allows people from all corners of the world to easily 39.______( know) about the rich Chinese culture. Congdon said, “ We want to add more materials to the website so that the whole world 40. ____________(learn) more about the Chinese in the future. ” made has have travelled know will learn 返回目录 48 49 $