Unit 1 When was he born （重难词汇精练）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级下册

Unit 1 When was he born? 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 v.减少；缩小 n.（长篇）小说 v.出生 adj.天生的 n.方式；方法；途径 adj.现场直播的 conj.因为；由于 n.化学家；药剂师 prep.除......之外 n.物理学家 v.表演；演出 adj.农业的；农用的 adj.国家的；民族的 n.冰 adj.爱的；充满爱的 n.塔；塔楼 n.孙子；外孙 v.欣赏；仰慕 n.滑冰 n.家伙；男人；小伙子 adj.亲切的；和蔼的 v.用颜料画；刷漆 n.爱好者；热爱者 v.关注；在意；担忧 n.听者 adj.精神的；心灵的 v.进来；进去 v.出版；发行 n.著作；作品 短语 出生；出世 想方设法（做某事） 遇到麻烦 （愿望等）实现；成为现实 辍学 音乐排行榜 呼吁；号召；要求 破裂；解散 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.agricultural——__________（n.）农业 2. ice——__________（adj.）结冰的 3. care——__________（adj.）细心的；小心的__________（adj.）粗心的 4. spiritual——__________（n.）精神 5.perform——__________（n.）表演——__________（n.）表演者 6. national——__________（adj.）国家；民族 7. skating——__________（v.）滑冰 8. poet——__________（n.）诗歌 9. listener——__________（v.）听 10. means——__________（v.）意味着；意思是 词汇语境练-句子 二、单项选择 1．Liu Xiang was born ________ July 13th, 1983. A．in B．at C．on D．for 2．You are never ________ old ________ learn. A．so, that B．as, as C．so, as D．too, to 3．—How long did you stay in here last year?  —________. A．In 1978 B．Two years age C．For three years D．When I was born 4．Tom is very _________ to others, so everyone likes to make friends with him. A．creative B．shy C．kind D．hard-working 5．—Whom are you visiting this weekend? —An old woman ________ Mrs White. A．calls B．called C．calling D．to call 6．Ann grows up in a _________ family. So she always feels happy when she gets home. A．rich B．strict C．loving D．serious 7．She has lots of hobbies ________ playing chess. A．except B．besides C．beside D．except for 8．—The big stone is _______ heavy _______ I can’t carry it alone. —Don’t worry. I will help you. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．as; as 9．You can choose a pencil­box ________ a birthday present. A．for B．of C．as D．with 10．While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _________ out of the water. A．jumping B．jumps C．to jump D．are jumping 11．—Who the tennis game yesterday? —Jack, he    all the others. A．beat, won B．won, won C．beat, beat D．won, beat 12．The _____ man told us his past days before he ______. His ______ made us very sad. A．dying; died; death B．dead; dying; die C．dead; died; dying D．dead; dying; death 13．I ________ their hard-working spirit. I decide to learn from them. A．accept B．argue C．admire D．refuse 14．Be sure ________ your hands after you finish the work. A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．washed 15．I like playing ________ violin, and my elder brother likes playing ________ chess. A．the; the B．a; the C．/; the D．the; / 16．He spends his free time ________ TV plays. A．to see B．to watch C．on D．watches 17．He didn’t tell me why he was ________ until ten minutes ________. A．late; later B．later; late C．late; late D．later; later 18．— ________ is the Caspian Sea? —1025 meters. A．How soon B．How far C．How high D．How deep 19．Though he often made his little sister ，today he was made by her. A．cry; to cry B．cried; crying C．to cry; cry 20．The Great Wall ________ many centuries ago. It’s one of the symbols of China. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 三、根据汉语提示填空 1．Have you read Mo Yan’s (作品)? 2．Two people are talking about people they (羡慕). 3．He’s a street artist. He (绘画) pictures on the ground or on buildings. 4．He became famous in 1987 when his (小说) Red Sorghum was made into a film. 5．My grandfather is a very (和蔼的) old man. 6．—Do you enjoy (滑冰) in winter? —Yes, I do. 7． (除……之外) singing English songs, there are many other fun ways to learn English. 8．This glass of water is too hot to drink. Let’s put some (冰) in it. 9．Wu Dajing, together with his teammates （赢得）China’s first gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics. 10．The writer has (出版) some books. 11．When I saw him, he was (进入) the living room. 12．We should learn to be (充满爱的) and caring. 13．He’s been to plenty of live rock (音乐会). 14．She tried every (方法) to learn English well. 15．Ye Shiwen is a great (游泳运动员). 16．MoYan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in (文学)! 17．It is reported that China is building a light (塔) in Huayang Reefs(礁) now. 18．Can you teach me how to make a (图表)? 19．The (诗人) compares the woman to a rose in his poem. 20．Try to be a good (倾听者), and it will be easier to make friends. 词汇语境练-语篇 四、用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。有两个词为多余项 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。（每词限用一次） hobby, schoolwork, relationship, begin, become, competition, able, foreign, discuss, try Gu Ailing is a freeskier（自由式滑雪运动员）with an American father and a Chinese mother. She grew up in the United States, but in June 2019, she 1 a Chinese citizen（公民）and chose to compete for China. Gu Ailing started to learn skiing in 2006. At that time, she was only three. At the age of nine, she was 2 to ski well and started to win gold medals （金牌） in some important 3 . In 2020, she won two gold medals for China at the 3rd Winter Youth Olympic Games. At the 4 of 2021, she won two gold medals for China at the X Games in the United States. She also won two gold medals for China at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing. She never stopped 5 hard to improve herself.    Gu Ailing was hard-working at school. She often 6 questions with her classmates. She was a grade-A student and good at her 7 . In December 2020, she became a student at a famous American university.     Although Gu Ailing was American, she spent her summer vacation in Beijing every year with her mother when she was young. She was a(n) 8 girl, but she often played with Chinese children. She had a good 9 with them. In her free time, Gu Ailing has many 10 , such as running, riding horses and playing football. She is also interested in art. 五、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements, he was thought to be more creative than the common person. When he 1 (ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about three years old. “I was trying to get a bottle 2 milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling(溢出) the milk all over the floor—a sea of milk! I was frightened and I didn’t know what to do!” he said. His mother 3 (hear) the noise and got into the kitchen. “I am considering how to explain all this to you, mom.” he said. Instead of 4 (punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess you have made! I 5 (not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like 6 (play) in the milk for a while? We will clean it up after that.” Then, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you 7 (make) a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.” He used a sponge(海绵) and together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, we failed in how to 8 (success) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now. Let’s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see 9 you can discover a way to carry it.” Then the little boy learned that if he grasped(抓紧) the bottle at the top with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 10 a wonderful lesson! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 1 When was he born? 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 reduce v.减少；缩小 novel n.（长篇）小说 born v.出生 adj.天生的 means n.方式；方法；途径 live adj.现场直播的 as conj.因为；由于 chemist n.化学家；药剂师 besides prep.除......之外 physicist n.物理学家 perform v.表演；演出 agricultural adj.农业的；农用的 national adj.国家的；民族的 ice n.冰 loving adj.爱的；充满爱的 tower n.塔；塔楼 grandson n.孙子；外孙 admire v.欣赏；仰慕 skating n.滑冰 guy n.家伙；男人；小伙子 kind adj.亲切的；和蔼的 paint v.用颜料画；刷漆 lover n.爱好者；热爱者 care v.关注；在意；担忧 listener n.听者 spiritual adj.精神的；心灵的 enter v.进来；进去 publish v.出版；发行 work n.著作；作品 短语 be born 出生；出世 try every means to do 想方设法（做某事） get in/into trouble 遇到麻烦 come true （愿望等）实现；成为现实 drop out of school 辍学 the music charts 音乐排行榜 call on 呼吁；号召；要求 break up 破裂；解散 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.agricultural——agriculture（n.）农业 2. ice——icy（adj.）结冰的 3. care——careful（adj.）细心的；小心的——careless（adj.）粗心的 4. spiritual——spirit（n.）精神 5.perform——performance（n.）表演——performer（n.）表演者 6. national——nation（adj.）国家；民族 7. skating——skate（v.）滑冰 8. poet——poem（n.）诗歌 9. listener——listen（v.）听 10. means——mean（v.）意味着；意思是 词汇语境练-句子 二、单项选择 1．Liu Xiang was born ________ July 13th, 1983. A．in B．at C．on D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意： 刘翔出生于1983年7月13日。 考查介词辨析。in后加年/月/季节；at后加具体时刻；on后跟具体某一天；for后加时间段。根据“July 13th, 1983.”可知，具体到某一天，应用on。故选C。 2．You are never ________ old ________ learn. A．so, that B．as, as C．so, as D．too, to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：活到老学到老。 考查非谓语动词。so...that如此……以至于；as...as和……一样；(not) so...as不如……；too...to太……而不能。根据“You are never...old...learn”可知此处是结构too adj. to do sth.。故选D。 3．—How long did you stay in here last year?  —________. A．In 1978 B．Two years age C．For three years D．When I was born 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——去年你在这里待了多久？——三年。 考查特殊疑问句。In 1978在1978年；Two years age两岁；For three years三年了；When I was born当我出生时。How long对一段时间提问，答语应回答“for+一段时间”。故选C。 4．Tom is very _________ to others, so everyone likes to make friends with him. A．creative B．shy C．kind D．hard-working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆对别人很好，所以每个人都喜欢和他交朋友。 考查形容词辨析。creative有创造力的；shy害羞的；kind友好的；hard-working努力的。根据“everyone likes to make friends with him”可知每个人都喜欢和他交朋友，说明他很友好。故选C。 5．—Whom are you visiting this weekend? —An old woman ________ Mrs White. A．calls B．called C．calling D．to call 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个周末你要去拜访谁？——一位叫怀特太太的老妇人。 考查非谓语动词。根据“An old woman...Mrs White.”和选项可知，此处指去拜访的这个老妇人被叫作怀特太太，“An old woman”与动词call是被动关系，应用过去分词called作后置定语。故选B。 6．Ann grows up in a _________ family. So she always feels happy when she gets home. A．rich B．strict C．loving D．serious 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Ann在一个充满爱的家庭长大。所以当她回到家时，她总是感到很高兴。 考查形容词辨析。rich富有的；strict严格的；loving充满爱的；serious严肃的。根据“So she always feels happy when she gets home.”可知，Ann回到家就会感到高兴，由此可知她的家庭是充满爱的。故选C。 7．She has lots of hobbies ________ playing chess. A．except B．besides C．beside D．except for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除了下棋，她还有许多爱好。 考查介词辨析。except除了（不包括在内）；besides除了……还（包括在内）；beside在……旁边；except for除了（不包括在内）。根据“She has lots of hobbies ... playing chess”可知，playing chess属于hobbies，用besides表示包含在某一范围内。故选B。 8．—The big stone is _______ heavy _______ I can’t carry it alone. —Don’t worry. I will help you. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．as; as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这块大石头太重了，我一个人搬不动。——别担心。我会帮助你的。 考查副词短语。such ... that ... 如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，such后跟名词，that后跟从句；so ... that ... 如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，so后跟形容词或副词，that后跟从句；too ... to... 太……而不能……，too后跟形容词或副词，to后跟动词原形。as ... as ... 和……一样，属同级比较。题干中“I can’t carry it alone”是句子，heavy是形容词。故选B。 9．You can choose a pencil­box ________ a birthday present. A．for B．of C．as D．with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你可以选一个铅笔盒作为生日礼物。 考查介词词义辨析。for为了；of属于；as作为；with和。根据“a birthday present.”可知，是选铅笔盒作为生日礼物，故选C。 10．While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _________ out of the water. A．jumping B．jumps C．to jump D．are jumping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我沿着湖畔走时，我看见一些鱼跳出水面。 考查see的用法。see“看见”感官动词，后跟动词的现在分词表示“看见某人/某物正在做某事”，后跟动词原形表示“看见某人/某物做某事”。而由“while I was walking along the lake”可知此处表示事情正在发生。故选A。 11．—Who the tennis game yesterday? —Jack, he    all the others. A．beat, won B．won, won C．beat, beat D．won, beat 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天谁赢了网球比赛？——杰克，他打败了所有其他的选手。Won是赢得比赛，奖品或奖章；而beat表示打败某个选手或团队。根据题意，故选D。 12．The _____ man told us his past days before he ______. His ______ made us very sad. A．dying; died; death B．dead; dying; die C．dead; died; dying D．dead; dying; death 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在他去世之前，这位老人告诉了我们他的过往。他的死让我们非常伤心。 dying临终的；动词die的现在分词；died动词die的过去式，过去分词；death名词，死亡。结合句意可知。第一空修饰后面名词man，故用形容词dying；第二空为从句谓语，表示过去发生的动作，故用过去时态；第三空作句子主语，前有物主代词修饰，故用名词形式。故选A。 13．I ________ their hard-working spirit. I decide to learn from them. A．accept B．argue C．admire D．refuse 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我钦佩他们刻苦的精神。我决定向他们学习。 考查动词辨析。accept接受；argue争论；admire羡慕，钦佩；refuse拒绝。根据“I...their hard-working spirit.”可知，钦佩他们刻苦的精神，故选C。 14．Be sure ________ your hands after you finish the work. A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．washed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：完成工作后一定要洗手。 考查固定短语。be sure to do sth“一定/务必做某事”，固定短语。故选A。 15．I like playing ________ violin, and my elder brother likes playing ________ chess. A．the; the B．a; the C．/; the D．the; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我喜欢拉小提琴，我哥哥喜欢下棋。 考查冠词的用法。play和西洋乐器类名词连用时，名词前必须加定冠词the； play棋类名词连用时，名词前不加the。play the violin“拉小提琴”；play chess“下棋”。 故选D。 16．He spends his free time ________ TV plays. A．to see B．to watch C．on D．watches 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他把空闲时间花在电视剧上。 考查动词短语。spend time on sth. “在某事上花费时间”，为固定搭配。故选C。 17．He didn’t tell me why he was ________ until ten minutes ________. A．late; later B．later; late C．late; late D．later; later 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他十分钟后才告诉我迟到的原因。 考查词汇辨析。late迟的（形容词）；later以后（副词）；以后的（形容词）。第一空需用形容词作表语，结合“He didn’t tell me why he was ...”及语境可知，应是指“迟到的原因”。ten minutes later“十分钟后”，为固定搭配。故选A。 18．— ________ is the Caspian Sea? —1025 meters. A．How soon B．How far C．How high D．How deep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——里海有多深？——1025米。 考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久以后；How far多远；How high 多高；How deep多深。根据答语“1025 meters”可知，问的是深度，故选D。 19．Though he often made his little sister ，today he was made by her. A．cry; to cry B．cried; crying C．to cry; cry 【答案】A 【分析】尽管他今天经常让他的小妹妹哭，但他还是被她逼哭了。 A.哭；B.哭；C.哭；哭 【详解】句意：尽管他经常使他的妹妹哭，但是今天他却被她妹妹弄哭了。根据句意可知，第一空，根据空前made可知，此空应填动词原形cry；第二空，是被动语态，要把主动语态省略的to补上，此空故填to cry，故选A。 20．The Great Wall ________ many centuries ago. It’s one of the symbols of China. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：长城是很多世纪以前建造的。它是中国的象征之一。 考查动词辨析。根据“many centuries ago”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，而长城是被建造，所以用被动语态。故选D。 三、根据汉语提示填空 1．Have you read Mo Yan’s (作品)? 【答案】works 【详解】句意：你读过莫言的作品吗？根据汉语提示可知，应填“作品”对应的英文单词work。因为莫言的作品不止一个，所以应用复数works。故填works。 2．Two people are talking about people they (羡慕). 【答案】admire 【详解】句意：两个人在谈论他们羡慕的人。admire“羡慕”，动词，时态是一般现在时，主语是人称复数，故用其原形。故填admire。 3．He’s a street artist. He (绘画) pictures on the ground or on buildings. 【答案】draws 【详解】句意：他是个街头艺术家。他在地上或建筑物上画画。draw“绘画”，动词。本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故填draws。 4．He became famous in 1987 when his (小说) Red Sorghum was made into a film. 【答案】novel 【详解】句意：1987年，他的小说《红高粱》被拍成电影，从此一举成名。novel“小说”，可数名词，由“Red Sorghum”可知，此处指一部小说，故用其单数形式。故填novel。 5．My grandfather is a very (和蔼的) old man. 【答案】kind 【详解】句意：我的祖父是一位非常和蔼的老人。kind“和蔼的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词。故填kind。 6．—Do you enjoy (滑冰) in winter? —Yes, I do. 【答案】skating 【详解】句意： ——你喜欢在冬天滑冰吗？——是的，我喜欢。skate“滑冰”，动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，是固定表达。故填skating。 7． (除……之外) singing English songs, there are many other fun ways to learn English. 【答案】Besides 【详解】句意：除了唱英语歌曲，还有许多其他有趣的学习英语的方法。besides“除……之外”，介词，指除了……之外还有……，句首首字母大写。故填Besides。 8．This glass of water is too hot to drink. Let’s put some (冰) in it. 【答案】ice 【详解】句意： 这杯水太烫了，不能喝。我们在里面放点冰吧。ice“冰”，是不可数名词。故填ice。 9．Wu Dajing, together with his teammates （赢得）China’s first gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics. 【答案】won 【详解】句意：武大靖和他的队友们在2022年冬奥会上为中国赢得了第一枚金牌。win“赢得”，根据“at the 2022 Winter Olympics”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填won。 10．The writer has (出版) some books. 【答案】published 【详解】句意：这位作家出版了一些书。根据“has”可知，句子为现在完成时，空处应填过去分词。故填published。 11．When I saw him, he was (进入) the living room. 【答案】entering 【详解】句意：当我看到他时，他正进入客厅。enter“进入”，根据when及语境可知，此处为过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。故填entering。 12．We should learn to be (充满爱的) and caring. 【答案】loving 【详解】句意：我们应该学会爱和关心。空前是be动词，所以这里用形容词作表语，“充满爱的”loving。故填loving。 13．He’s been to plenty of live rock (音乐会). 【答案】concerts 【详解】句意：他已经去过许多的现场摇滚音乐会。音乐会concert；plenty of后接名词复数。故填concerts。 14．She tried every (方法) to learn English well. 【答案】means/method/way 【详解】句意：她想尽一切办法把英语学好。根据汉语提示可知，应填“方法”对应的英文单词means/method/way。又因为前面有“every”，后面应用单数，means是单复数同形，故填means/method/way。 15．Ye Shiwen is a great (游泳运动员). 【答案】swimmer 【详解】句意：叶诗文是一个很棒的游泳运动员。根据汉语提示可知，应填“游泳运动员”对应的英文单词swimmer。又因为前面有冠词“a”，所以用单数。故填swimmer。 16．MoYan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in (文学)! 【答案】literature 【详解】句意：莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖。“文学”literature，为名词，故填literature。 17．It is reported that China is building a light (塔) in Huayang Reefs(礁) now. 【答案】tower 【详解】句意：据报道，中国正在华阳礁建造一座灯塔。根据冠词a可知，这里填名词单数形式，结合汉语提示，可知tower是名词，意为“塔”，符合题意。故填tower。 18．Can you teach me how to make a (图表)? 【答案】chart 【详解】句意：你能教我怎么做图表吗？chart“图表”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填chart。 19．The (诗人) compares the woman to a rose in his poem. 【答案】poet 【详解】句意：诗人在诗中将那个女人比作玫瑰花。poet“诗人”，根据谓语动词“compares”可知，此处应使用名词单数形式，故填poet。 20．Try to be a good (倾听者), and it will be easier to make friends. 【答案】listener 【详解】句意：试着做一个好的倾听者，这样会更容易交到朋友。listener“倾听者”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填listener。 词汇语境练-语篇 四、用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。有两个词为多余项 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。（每词限用一次） hobby, schoolwork, relationship, begin, become, competition, able, foreign, discuss, try Gu Ailing is a freeskier（自由式滑雪运动员）with an American father and a Chinese mother. She grew up in the United States, but in June 2019, she 1 a Chinese citizen（公民）and chose to compete for China. Gu Ailing started to learn skiing in 2006. At that time, she was only three. At the age of nine, she was 2 to ski well and started to win gold medals （金牌） in some important 3 . In 2020, she won two gold medals for China at the 3rd Winter Youth Olympic Games. At the 4 of 2021, she won two gold medals for China at the X Games in the United States. She also won two gold medals for China at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing. She never stopped 5 hard to improve herself.    Gu Ailing was hard-working at school. She often 6 questions with her classmates. She was a grade-A student and good at her 7 . In December 2020, she became a student at a famous American university.     Although Gu Ailing was American, she spent her summer vacation in Beijing every year with her mother when she was young. She was a(n) 8 girl, but she often played with Chinese children. She had a good 9 with them. In her free time, Gu Ailing has many 10 , such as running, riding horses and playing football. She is also interested in art. 【答案】 1．became 2．able 3．competitions 4．beginning 5．trying 6．discussed 7．schoolwork 8．foreign 9．relationship 10．hobbies 【导语】本文讲述了自由式滑雪运动员谷爱凌的事迹。 1．句意：她在美国长大，但在2019年6月，她成为了中国公民，并选择代表中国参赛。根据“she…a Chinese citizen（公民）”可知，此处应该是become“成为”，又根据时间状语“in June 2019”可知，应该用一般过去时。故填became。 2．句意：9岁时，她就能滑雪了，并开始在一些重要的比赛上赢得金牌。根据“At the age of nine, she was...to ski well”结合选词可知，此处是固定短语be able to“能够”。故填able。 3．句意：9岁时，她就能滑雪了，并开始在一些重要的比赛上赢得金牌。根据“win gold medals （金牌） in some important”可知是在比赛上赢得金牌，competition“比赛”，可数名词，被some修饰，应用复数，故填competitions。 4．句意：2021年初，她在美国极限运动会上为中国赢得了两枚金牌。at the beginning of“在……开始”，符合语境。故填beginning。 5．句意：她从未停止过努力提高自己。根据“She never stopped...hard to improve herself.”结合选词可知，谷爱凌从未停止过努力提高自己，try“努力”，动词。stop doing sth“停止做某事”符合语境，故填trying。 6．句意：她经常和她的同学讨论问题。根据“questions with her classmates”可知是讨论问题，discuss questions“讨论问题”，文章主要采用一般过去时，故此处应该用动词过去式discussed。故填discussed。 37．句意：她是一个优等生，很擅长她的学校功课。根据“Gu Ailing was hard-working at school.”以及“She was a grade-A student”可知，她很擅长学校功课。schoolwork“学校功课”，故填schoolwork。 8．句意：她是一个外国女孩，但她经常和中国孩子们玩。“but”表示转折，根据“she often played with Chinese children”可知，前句应填foreign“外国的”。故填foreign。 9．句意：她和他们关系很好。根据“She had a good…with them.”可知，此处是有好的关系，结合选词可知relationship“关系”符合语境。故填relationship。 10．句意：在她的空闲时间，谷爱凌有很多爱好，如跑步，骑马和踢足球。根据空后“running, riding horses and playing football”可知，这些都是爱好，hobby“爱好”，此处用复数hobbies。故填hobbies。 五、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements, he was thought to be more creative than the common person. When he 1 (ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about three years old. “I was trying to get a bottle 2 milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling(溢出) the milk all over the floor—a sea of milk! I was frightened and I didn’t know what to do!” he said. His mother 3 (hear) the noise and got into the kitchen. “I am considering how to explain all this to you, mom.” he said. Instead of 4 (punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess you have made! I 5 (not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like 6 (play) in the milk for a while? We will clean it up after that.” Then, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you 7 (make) a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.” He used a sponge(海绵) and together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, we failed in how to 8 (success) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now. Let’s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see 9 you can discover a way to carry it.” Then the little boy learned that if he grasped(抓紧) the bottle at the top with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 10 a wonderful lesson! 【答案】 1．was asked 2．of 3．heard 4．punishing 5．haven’t seen 6．to play 7．make 8．successfully 9．if 10．What 【导语】本文讲述了一位聪明的母亲教育孩子的故事。孩子把牛奶倒在地上后，妈妈没有惩罚，而是让他在牛奶里玩耍，玩够后教育他“弄脏了，就要清扫”。然后到院子里教他如何抓紧瓶子。最后这个孩子成了一位有着伟大成就的科学家。 1．句意：当问到他为什么能够这样做时。根据“When he…why he was able to do this”可知主语he与所给动词ask“问”之间应是被动关系，故要用被动语态，由was可知应是一般过去时，故要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was asked。 2．句意：我正试图从冰箱里拿一瓶牛奶，结果瓶子掉了下来，牛奶溅了一地——一片牛奶的海洋！根据“I was trying to get a bottle…milk from the fridge”可知此处应是a bottle of milk“一瓶牛奶”，故填of。 3．句意：他妈妈听到了噪音，进到了厨房。根据“His mother…the noise and got into the kitchen”可知此处and连接两个并列成分，and后的got into是过去式，故空格处也应填所给词hear“听见”的过去式heard，故填heard。 4．句意：她说“罗伯特，你弄得这么脏！……”而不是惩罚他。根据“Instead of…him”可知of是介词，后面要加动名词形式，故要用所给词punish“惩罚”的动名词形式punishing，故填punishing。 5．句意：以前我没有见过如此巨大的牛奶的海洋！根据“I…such a huge sea of milk before!”可知此处表示以前未发生过的动作，强调过去对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，故填haven’t seen。 6．句意：好吧，既然牛奶已经洒了，你想在牛奶里玩一会儿吗？根据“would you like…in the milk for a while?”可知此处应是would like to do“想要做某事”，故填to play。 7．句意：罗伯特，你知道，无论何时你弄得这样脏，最后你必须把它弄干净。根据“whenever you…a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.”可知此处应是表示通常的状态，用一般现在时，主语为you，故动词要用动词原形。故填make。 8．句意：你知道，我们刚才没能用两只小手成功地拿着一个大奶瓶。根据“we failed in how to…carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now.”可知此处应填副词来修饰动词carry。所给词success“成功”，名词，其副词为successfully“成功地”，故填successfully。 9．句意：我们到院子里去，把这个瓶子装满水，看你是否可以发现一种拿住这个瓶子的方法。根据“Let’s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see…you can discover a way to carry it.”可知此处应是宾语从句，去看的应是是否能找到方法，故要用if“是否”来引导宾语从句，故填if。 10．句意：多么好的一堂课啊！根据“…a wonderful lesson!”可知是感叹句，且中心词lesson是名词，故要用what引导，且位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。 $