内容正文:
研究山东新考情 更懂中考新方向
山东新中考
英语
精练册
2
第一部分 课标主题读写综合
范畴2 人与社会
主题十六 社会变迁与热点关注
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考查维度
1. 阅读维度:依托有关社会发展、对未来新型生活展望的文章,考查信息提取、推理判断的能力,体会文章主旨大意,引导学生关注社会事实热点,激发社会责任感。
2. 写作维度:以中考高频写作体裁(如介绍社会变迁的邮件)为载体,结合校园特色,提升运用规范英语表达描述社会变迁现象、阐述热点关注感悟的能力,深化对社会变迁与热点的认知与表达。
教材链接
人教 八上 Unit 7 Will people have robots?
外研 七下Module 4 Life in the future 八上Module 9 Population
九上Module 9 Great inventions 九下Module 3 Life now and then
鲁教 七下Unit 3 Will people have robots?
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A (2025 威海)
一、阅读理解
Big progress made towards carbon goals Editor's note: China Daily is publishing news about China's work to reach its carbon peak(碳达峰)and carbon neutrality(碳中和)goals.
①In 2024,China made big progress on its long-term climate(气候)goals.It led the world's energy change at a speed never seen before. Though it's challenging, Chinese experts are still working on achieving carbon peak before 2030 and become carbon neutrality by 2060.
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②More renewable energy (like water power and wind power)starts working.In the first 9 months of 2024,China added 210million kilowatts ( 千瓦 ) of new renewable energy. That 's 21% more than the same time last year,and 86%of all new power capacity(产量) .That's a lot!
③A report from Wood Mackenzie,a UK energy company,says China continues to lead the world energy changing.Never has the world seen the speed of growth of an energy system that China is achieving.By 2025,China's solar and wind power will be more than Europe and North America together.
④The report also says China's transport is changing.By 2034,electric cars will make up 66%of car sales.
Key words to know:
◆carbon peak:carbon emissions(碳排放量) will first reach the highest point,then start to go down.
◆carbon neutrality:the balance(平衡)of the amount of CO₂we put into the air with the amount we take out.
1.What can be put in the ▲ in the graph( 图表)?
A.Carbon neutrality. B.Carbon peak. C.Climate goals.
2.What does the underlined word “That”probably refer to in Paragraph 2?
A.The first 9 months of 2024. B.86%of all new power capacity.
C.210 million kilowatts of new renewable energy.
3. What is the UK energy company's attitude towards China's achievements in Paragraph 3?
A.Amazed. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear.
4.How many percent of car sales will electric cars make up by 2034?
A.21%. B.50%. C.66%.
B
C
A
C
5. What is this passage mainly about?
A.China's development on transport in 2024.
B.China's big steps on green changing in 2024.
C.China's efforts on water and wind power in 2024.
B
B
①Delivery (外卖) service plays an important part in our daily lives. However, delivery drivers meet many problems. Entering buildings and finding parking and rest areas have long been headaches for them. Now they are being dealt with by governments and companies.
②In Chongqing, Shapingba District does a lot of things to solve delivery drivers’ problems. It has set up delivery driver-friendly communities where driver-friendly maps are put up and parking areas are marked. And local companies are encouraged to offer drivers drinking water and places to rest and charge (给……充电) mobile phones. “These services are very thoughtful and can save me a lot of time,” said Zhang Daru, a local food delivery worker.
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③Besides Chongqing, Beijing also has service stations and delivery driver-friendly communities. Su Weidong, a delivery driver, often visits a nearby service station. There he can drink water, charge his phone and take breaks. “If riders get sick, they can find medicine here. There is also a bookshelf, and I read the books inside when I take a break,” he said. “Getting in and out of communities and shopping malls has become easier as security guards are ready to guide us in the right direction. Maps and signs have also been put up in the communities, making it easier for us to find our destinations (目的地),” said another rider Zhang Haiyang.
④Now a growing number of cities are building delivery driver-friendly communities. In the near future, delivery drivers’ work in other cities will become much easier and more .
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1. Who helps delivery drivers deal with the headaches?
A. The taxi drivers.
B. Governments and companies.
C. Shopping malls.
D. The police and security guards.
2. What can su weidong do in the service station?
①Take breaks. ②Find medicine.
③Read books. ④Cook a meal.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④
C. ①③④ D. ①②③④
B
A
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3. Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage?
A. ①/②/③④ B. ①②/③④
C. ①②③/④ D. ①/②③/④
4. Which word is proper in the sentence “In the near future, delivery drivers’ work in other cities will become much easier and more .”?
A. careful B. creative
C. common D. convenient
D
D
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B【 主旨大意】本文说明外卖服务很重要 ,但外卖司机面临诸多问题 , 如今政府和公司正努力解决 ,不少城市在建设友好社区以改善其工作条件。
1. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中“Entering buildings and finding parking and rest areas have long been headaches for them. Now they are being dealt with by governments and companies. ”可知 ,政府和公司帮助外卖司机解决难题。
2. A 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“ Su Weidong, a delivery driver, often visits a nearby service station. There he can drink water, charge his phone and take breaks. ‘If riders get sick, they can find medicine here. There is also a bookshelf, and I read the books inside when I take a break,’ he said”可知 ,苏卫东可以休息、找药和看书。
3. D 解析:篇章结构题。通读全文可知 ,文章第①段描述了外卖司机面临的问题 ,并指出政府和公司正在努力解决这些问题 ;第②段和第③段分别介绍了重庆和北京为外卖司机所做的努力 ;第④段总结了越来越多的城市正在建设对外卖司机友好的社区 ,并展
望了未来外卖司机的工作将变得更加容易和方便。所以文章的结构是总分总结构 ,即①/②③/④。
4. D 解析:推理判断题。根据“Now a growing number of cities are building delivery driver-friendly communities. In the near future, delivery drivers’ work in other cities will become much easier and more . ”可知 ,现在 ,越来越多的城市正在建设外卖司机友好型社区。由此可推测出 ,在不久的将来 ,其他城市的外卖司机的工作将变得更加容易和方便。
二、完形填空
Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.It is hoped that people could start all over again and 1 a better world on Mars.Here is what life there could be like.
At present,our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of 2 to Mars—it would take months.With the development of technology, by the year 2100,the journey might only take about twenty 3 ,less than half an hour!
So far,nobody knows whether there would be enough 4 or air on Mars for people.After all, they are the most important to human life. Moreover,scientists are not sure whether plants could grow on Mars.Food would most 5 be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty.
Compared with life on the earth,life on Mars would be better in some ways.People would have more 6 .They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms.Also,robots would do a lot of their work so that they could have more time to 7 .Maybe there will be no schools on Mars.
Every student would 8 at online schools with “e-teachers”.
However.life on Mars would be 9 .There are still many difficulties for us to overcome.It may take hundreds of years to make it 10 .So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our beautiful blue planet—the earth!
( )1.A.imagine B.protect C.build D.draw
( )2.A.passengers B.teachers C.doctors D.reporters
( )3.A.seconds B.minutes C.hours D.months
( )4.A.money B.ice C.time D.water
( )5.A.hardly B.probably C.clearly D.properly
( )6.A.work B.space C.food D.light
( )7.A.express B.plan C.write D.relax
( )8.A.practice B.rest C.study D.sleep
( )9.A.exciting B.challenging C.surprising D.interesting
( )10.A.break out B.break down C.come out D.come true
B
A
C
B
B
D
D
B
C
D
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了关于火星的一 些信息和人类在火星生活的一些想象。
1.C 解析:imagine 想象 ;protect 保护 ;build 建造 ;draw 画 。 由 “a better world on Mars”可知,是建造一个更好的世界。
2.A 解析 :passengers 乘客 ;teachers 教师;doctors 医生 ;reporters 记者 。 由 “our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of to Mars” 可知,飞船搭载的是乘客。
3.B 解析 :seconds 秒 ;minutes 分钟 ; hours 小时 ;months 月 。 由 “less than half an hour”可知,此处指大约二十分钟。
4.D 解析:money 金钱 ;ice 冰 ;time 时 间 ;water水 。 由“After all,they are the most important to human life.” 可知,水和空气是人类生存 所需的基本物质。
5.B 解析:hardly 几乎不;probably 可 能 地 ;clearly 清楚地;properly 适 当 地。由“Food would most be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty.”可知,此处指食物可能以药片的形式存在。
6.B 解析:work 工作 ;space 空间 ; food 食物 ;light 光线 。 由“They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms.”可知,人们会 有更多的空间。
7.D 解析:express 表达;plan 计划 ; write 书写 ;relax 放松。由“robots would do a lot of their work so that they could have more time to ’’可知,机器人代劳工作的目的是 让人拥有空闲时间进行放松。
8.C 解析:practice 练习 ;rest 休息 ;study 学 习 ;sleep 睡 觉 。 由“Every student would at online schools” 可知,此处指学习。
9.B 解析:exciting 令人 兴 奋 的 ; challenging 具有挑战性的 ; surprising 令人 惊 讶 的 ;interesting 有趣的。由“There are still many difficulties for us to overcome.”可知,火星上的生活同样充满了 挑战。
10.D 解析 :break out 爆 发 ;break down 故 障 ;come out 出 版 ;come true 实现。由“It may take hundreds of years to make it .”可知, 此处指让火星生活成为现实可能还需数百年的时间。
三、阅读还原
Can you imagine what the human body in the future will be like?Our class had a discussion about it.Tiantian,an AI(artificial intelligence 人工智能) robot,also joined us.Here are our guesses.
1. Humans are now ten centimeters ( 厘米 ) taller than 150 years ago.So,in the future,people will probably be even taller.Why? Because most of us today have much better food than those in the past.
You must say that people will be stronger according to the first guess.2. With the development of science and technology,we won't have much physical work to do.If people get used to this kind of lifestyle,we will probably lose most of our muscles (肌肉).
C
A
Next,let's come to our hands and feet.We are already using our feet less,and our hands more.3. At the same time,our fingers and our eyes will both get better because they'll have to do more work together.
Here comes the most interesting one — it's very possible that people will have four toes (脚趾 ) ,not five.The little toe really isn't needed anymore.4. Let's wait and see.
Last but not least—people won't have as much hair on their bodies as now,since we don't need it to keep ourselves warm.
What do you think of our guesses?5. With the rise of AI,will we lose the ability of thinking independently?
E
D
B
阅读短文,把 A~E 五个句子填入文中空缺处,使短文内容完整。
A.But you're wrong.
B.Will all these things happen?
C.Let's start with people's height.
D.Will it still be there in the future?
E.So we can expect our legs will get shorter and our feet smaller.
以读促写 ①It's very possible that people will have four toes (脚趾) ,not five.
亮点点拨:It's possible that... 意为“……是可能的”,it 为形式主语,真正的主语为 that 引导的从句。
仿写:随着年龄的增长,人们可能会越来越习惯孤独。
____________________________________________________________________
②People won't have as much hair on their bodies as now,since we don't need it to keep ourselves warm.
亮点点拨:本句为since 引导的原因状语从句,意为“因为”。
仿写:请保护野生动物,因为它们是我们大家庭的一部分。
____________________________________________________________________
It's possible that people get more used to loneliness as they get older.
Please protect the wild animals since they are part of our big family.
The history of traffic lights dates back to the early 19th century in Britain. London was a busy city with horse-drawn carriages (马车). They often rushed into people, causing many accidents. At the same time, there was a fashion rule in London—women in red showed that they were married and green for unmarried. This gave people the idea for using red and green as traffic signs later.
On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic (机械师) De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green. A policeman had to pull a belt to change the lights:red meant “stop”, and green meant “go”. At first, it worked well and reduced accidents. However, this traffic light exploded (爆炸) after 23 days. The light was turned off, but the idea stayed alive.
四、阅读表达(2025 临沂)
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In 1914, electric traffic lights were first used in America. Red and green still did their jobs, then they were safer and easier to see.
In 1927, a chinese student named Hu Ruding was studying in the US. He noticed drivers sometimes rushed when the light changed. “What if there’s a middle color to slow people down? ” he thought. That’s how the yellow light was born, meaning “get ready to stop”. Around the same time, an American policeman named william potts created the first three-color traffic lights for all directions. They made crossroads much safer.
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These colors were not chosen by chance. Red is easy to see, like a fire alarm, so it means “danger—stop!” Yellow is a warning, like a sign that says “be careful—slow down!” Green, like a forest, tells us “safe to go!” Together, they form a common language that keeps people safe every day.
Great ideas come from everyday things. Whether traffic lights or something else, noticing and thinking “what if” can change the world!
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1. When did the world’s first traffic light with only red and green appear?
________________________________________________________________________
On December 10th, 1868.
2. Who suggested adding a yellow light to traffic signs?
________________________________________________________________________
Hu Ruding.
3. What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 5?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Red, yellow and green.
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4. What’s the title for the passage?
________________________________________________________________________
The History of Traffic Lights.
5. According to the writer’s opinion, what should we do?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Notice everyday things and think “what if”.
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考情分析:分析真题可知,此话题为高频写作话题, 常见命题角度有: 介绍个人的转变与变化; 家乡、社会的发展与变迁; 对当下热点时事的关注与看法。
一、城市发展与设施变迁类
【基础必用词汇】
1. (地铁) 2. (图书馆) 3. (医院) 4. (道路)
5. (广场) 6. (博物馆) 7. (车站) 8. (建筑)
1 . subway 2 . library 3 . hospital 4 . road 5 . square 6 . museum
7 . station 8 . building
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【重点词块/固定搭配】
1. (乘坐新地铁上学)
2. (参观新城市图书馆)
3. (去新社区医院)
4. (在拓宽的道路上散步)
5. (在新建的城市广场玩耍)
6. (参观新的地方博物馆)
7. (去新汽车站乘车看望祖父母)
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1 . take the new subway to school
2 . visit the new city library
3 . go to the new community hospital
4. walk on the widened road
5 . play in the newly built city square
6 . visit the new local museum
7. take the bus from the new station to visit grandparents
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【高分必用句式】
1. Our city opened a new subway line last year, and it now takes me only 20 minutes to get to school. (主语 +城市设施变化 + and 引导的便利结果)
2. We visited the new city library last weekend, and it has more than 10, 000 new books. (主语 + 体验新设施 + and 引导的设施特点)
3. The road in front of our community was widened last month, so there are no more traffic Jams. (主语 +设施改造 + so 引导的改善结果)
4. She goes to the new community hospital when she feels sick, because it’s closer to her home. (主语 +使用新设施 + because 引导的原因)
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二、科技赋能社会生活类
【基础必用词汇】
1. (在线服务) 2. (智能手机) 3. (自助机器)
4. (在线支付) 5. (视频通话) 6. (电子书)
7. (在线预约) 8. (应用程序)
1 . online service 2 . smart phone 3 . self-service machine 4 . online payment
5 . video call 6 . e-book
7. online appointment 8. APP
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【重点词块/固定搭配】
1. (用在线预约看医生)
2. (用在线支付买零食)
3. (在超市用自助结账机)
4. (在新图书馆 APP上读电子书)
5. (周末和祖父母视频通话)
6. (用在线服务续借图书馆书籍)
7. (帮父母用智能手机点餐)
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1 . use online appointment to see a doctor
2 . pay for snacks with online payment
3 . use self-service machines in the supermarket
4. read e-books on the new library APP
5 . make video calls with grandparents on weekends
6 . use online service to renew library books
7. help parents use smart phones to order food
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【高分必用句式】
1. I use online appointment to see a doctor now, so I don’t have to wait in long lines at the hospital.(主语 +科技应用 + so 引导的便利结果)
2. We pay for things with online payment when we go shopping, so we don’t need to carry cash.(主语 +科技使用场景 + so 引导的优势)
3. She uses self-service machines in the supermarket to check out, and it saves her a lot of time. (主语 +科技工具使用 + and 引导的效率提升)
4. My mum uses the library APP to borrow e-books, and she can read them anywhere. (主语 +科技服务使用 + and 引导的灵活优势)
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三、社区建设与公共服务类
【基础必用词汇】
1. (社区中心) 2. (老年活动中心) 3. (公共公园)
4. (公共厕所) 5. (社区服务) 6. (志愿者)
7. (活动) 8. (帮助)
1 . community center 2 . senior center 3 . public park 4 . public toilet
5 . community service 6 . volunteer
7 . activity 8 . help
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【重点词块/固定搭配】
1. (参加社区中心的阅读活动)
2. (在社区老年活动中心帮助老人)
3. (周末参加社区服务)
4. (用社区公园的新公共厕所)
5. (参加社区的节日派对)
6. (帮忙打扫社区中心)
7. (在社区公园和小朋友做游戏)
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1 . join the community center ’ s reading activities
2 . help old people at the community senior center
3 . take part in community service on weekends
4. use the new public toilets in the community park
5 . join the community ’ s holiday parties
6 . help clean the community center
7. play games with kids at the community park
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【高分必用句式】
1. Our community opened a new senior center last month, and old people can play chess and drink tea there every day.(主语 +社区新增设施 + and 引导的使用场景)
2. I join community service every saturday to help clean the community center, and I feel happy to help others. (主语 +参与社区服务 + 目的状语 +感受)
3. We take part in the community’s Spring Festival party every year, and it makes neighbors closer.(主语 +参与社区活动 +时间状语 +积极影响)
4. She helps old people learn to use smart phones at the senior center, so they can call their children easily. (主语 +社区服务行为 + so 引导的帮助结果)
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四、社会热点与公共安全类
【基础必用词汇】
1. (安全演练) 2. (红绿灯) 3. (斑马线)
4. (消防演练) 5. (公共标识) 6. (安全课)
7. (交通规则) 8. (紧急情况)
1 . safety drill 2 . traffic light 3 . crosswalk 4 . fire drill 5 . public sign
6 . safety class 7 . traffic rule 8 . emergency
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【重点词块/固定搭配】
1. (在学校参加消防演练)
2. (过马路时遵守交通规则)
3. (从公共标识学习安全知识)
4. (在社区参加安全课)
5. (等绿灯亮了再过马路)
6. (在消防演练中练习紧急逃生)
7. (给同学讲交通安全知识)
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1 . take part in a fire drill at school
2 . follow traffic rules when crossing the road
3 . learn about safety from public signs
4 . attend a safety class in the community
5 . wait for the green traffic light to cross
6 . practice emergency escape in the fire drill
7 . tell classmates about traffic safety
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【高分必用句式】
1. Our school had a fire drill last week, and we learned how to cover our mouths and escape quickly.(主语 +安全演练活动 + and 引导的学习内容)
2. I always follow traffic rules when crossing the road, because it keeps me safe. (主语 +遵守安全规则 + because 引导的原因)
3. We learned about different public signs in the community safety class, so we know how to stay safe. (主语 +安全知识学习 + so 引导的收获)
4. She tells her little brother to wait for the green light, and they cross the road together on the crosswalk. (主语 +安全行为引导 + and 引导的正确做法)
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例 随着社会的发展 ,我们的生活发生了很大变化 。70 多岁的李 奶奶见证了生活的变迁 ,请根据李奶奶的感受 , 以“ How has life changed?”为题 ,写一篇80 词左右的英语短文。
Changes
写作要求:要点要齐全 ;提示词要用上。
Step 1【审题定要素】
文体:
时态:描述发生的变化用 ,描述现在的事件用
人称:
内容要点:
说明文
现在完成时
第三人称
叙述自己的生活在各方面发生的变化 ,利用比较级进行对比 ,最后抒发个人的情感
1. Family smaller, one or two children
2. Education good education, busy working
3. Transport and travel easier, bus, underground, plane, anywhere
4. Entertainment many more activities, good programs on TV, Beijing Opera and old films
5. 总体来说,今天我们的生活变得更好了。我们吃得更好,活得更长寿
一般现在时
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How has life changed?
开头 总体概述生活发生了变化→用 with 复合结构 ,take place写出“ 随着社会发展 ,我们的生活发生了巨大变化”。
中间 对比过去和现在→ 运用 first ,second ,what ’s more ,and last but not least ,从家庭、教育、交 通旅行和娱乐四个方面运用比较级进行前后对比 , 阐述变化
With the development of society, great changes have taken place in our country.
Step 2【构思定架构】
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结尾 抒发情感、展望未来→用 Generally speaking进行过渡总结 ,写出“ 总的来说 ,我们今天的生活更好了 。我们吃得更好活得更久”。
Generally speaking, our life is better today. We eat better and we live longer.
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With the development of society, great changes have taken place in our country. First, families have got smaller than they used to be. Today most families have only one or two children. Second, most of us have got a good education and we are busy working every day. What’s more, transport and travel are easier today. Now we can take the bus everywhere, and there’s also the underground. And some people can take a plane anywhere in the world. And last but not least, we have many more activities to enjoy ourselves. For example, there are many more good programs on TV, like Beijing Opera and old films.
Generally speaking, our life is better today. We eat better and we live longer.
How has life changed?
Step 3【成佳作】
一、仿写句子
1. The tree has become a symbol of the place. ( 用 a symbol of仿写)
2. There used to be a lot of pandas in China. ( 用 There used to be仿写)
3. His father has been away from his hometown for 10 years. ( 用 be away from仿写)
The red color is a symbol of good luck in China.
There used to be a lot of old houses.
Tom was born in ShiJiazhuang, but he has been away from there since he was 3.
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4. I hope that my hometown will become better and better. ( 用 hope+that从句仿写)
I hope that I can study in a university in five years.
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二、书面表达
为了让学生了解时代的变迁 ,增强民族自豪感 ,某校英文报发起了主题为“ changes of Times ” 的征文大赛 。请你根据以下提示 ,写一篇英语短文向该报刊投稿 ,描述你所了解的生活中的变化 , 并谈谈自己对这些变化的感受。
写作要求:(1)补充列举一项生活中的变化 ,进行说明 ; (2)要点齐全 ,语句通顺 ,语法正确 ,书写规范 ; (3)可适当增加细节 ,100 词左右(开头已给出 ,不计入总词数) 。
参考词汇:by delivery 通过快递
过去 去商店购买商品 听新闻广播 ……
现在 网上下单购买 ,快递送上门 网上冲浪更快捷 ……
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With the changes of times, our life has become better and better. Let’s have a look at some changes in our daily lives.
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Firstly, people buy things more easily now. In the past, people had to go to shops and only had few choices when buying things. But now, there are all kinds of things available on the Internet. After people pay for their things, the goods will be sent to their doors by delivery. Secondly, people used to depend on the radio to get the latest news. Nowadays, surfing the Internet is the fastest way to know almost everything in the world. Besides, there are also some changes in communication. people used to contact others through letters. However, short messages and video calls allow us to communicate with anyone almost anywhere now.
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Seeing these changes, I feel a sense of pride. At the same time, I’ll study harder and try to create a better future for our country.
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