2026年中考英语 语法主谓一致讲义

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考主谓一致核心考点，依据语法一致、意义一致、就近原则三大原则构建知识体系，通过规则表、对比示例系统梳理集体名词、数量表达等12类必考情形。教案设计考点分析、方法指导、真题训练三阶教学环节，助力学生突破语法一致与意义一致辨析等难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“规则可视化+错误诊断”创新设计，如用表格对比集体名词整体/成员用法，培养学生思维品质；通过“常见错误警示”模块归纳a number of与the number of等易错点，提升语言能力。配套分层练习与即时反馈机制，确保有限时间内高效突破考点，帮助教师精准把控复习节奏，全面提升学生应考能力。

Grammar & Writing 语法完全指南 第十四章 主谓一致 一、什么是主谓一致？ 1、核心定义 主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。 2、主谓一致的三原则 · 语法一致：根据主语的语法形式决定谓语形式 · 意义一致：根据主语的实际意义决定谓语形式 · 就近原则：谓语与最靠近的主语保持一致 3、主谓一致的基本规则表 主语情况 谓语形式 示例 单数主语 单数动词 The boy plays football. 复数主语 复数动词 The boys play football. 不可数名词 单数动词 Water is important. 集体名词（强调整体） 单数动词 Our class is very big. 集体名词（强调成员） 复数动词 Our class are having a meeting. 二、语法一致原则 1. 单数主语 + 单数动词 规则：主语为单数可数名词、不可数名词、单数代词时，谓语用单数形式。 · 单数可数名词 A student studies hard. The teacher teaches us English. · 不可数名词 Water is necessary for life. Information helps us make decisions. · 单数代词 He/She/It is a good student. This/That is my book. Each/Every student has a book. · 动名词、不定式、从句作主语 Reading books is my hobby. To see is to believe. What he said is true. 2. 复数主语 + 复数动词 规则：主语为复数可数名词、复数代词时，谓语用复数形式。 · 复数可数名词 The students study hard. These books are interesting. · 复数代词 We/You/They are friends. These/Those are my pencils. Many/Few students like math. · “the + 形容词”表示一类人 The rich are not always happy. The young need to study hard. 三、意义一致原则 1. 集体名词的主谓一致 集体名词 强调整体（单数） 强调成员（复数） family My family is a big one. My family are watching TV. class Our class is on the third floor. The class are having a discussion. team Our team is the best. The team are talking about the match. group This group is for study. The group are from different countries. audience The audience was large. The audience were excited. 常见集体名词列表： family, class, team, group, audience, crowd, committee, government, staff, public, crew, army, polic 注意：police 通常用作复数： The police are looking for the thief. 2. 表示数量、时间、金钱、距离等的主语 规则：当这些词语表示整体概念时，谓语用单数；表示个体单位时，谓语用复数。 主语类型 单数谓语（整体） 复数谓语（个体） 时间 Ten years is a long time. Ten years have passed. 金钱 Ten dollars is enough. Ten dollars were on the table. 距离 Ten miles is not far. The last ten miles were the hardest. 重量 Ten pounds is heavy. Ten pounds of apples are in the box. 3. 以 -s 结尾的名词 · 形复意单（谓语用单数） News is spreading quickly. Physics is my favorite subject. Mathematics seems difficult. 常见词：news, politics, physics, mathematics, economics, athletics · 形复意复（谓语用复数） My glasses are broken. These scissors are sharp. The clothes are clean. 常见词：glasses, scissors, clothes, trousers, pants, shoes · 单复数同形（根据意义决定） This sheep is white.（单数） These sheep are white.（复数） A deer is running.（单数） Many deer are running.（复数） 常见词：sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese 四、就近原则 1. 由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 连接的主语 规则：谓语与最靠近的主语保持一致。 连接词 结构 示例 or A or B + V He or I am wrong. either...or Either A or B + V Either he or you are right. neither...nor Neither A nor B + V Neither you nor she likes apples. not only...but also Not only A but also B + V Not only he but also I am a student. whether...or Whether A or B + V Whether he or you are going doesn't matter. 注意：在疑问句中仍遵循就近原则： 如，Are you or he a teacher? 2. there be 句型 规则：be 动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. There are two pens and a book on the desk. 五、特殊结构的主谓一致 1. “名词 + 介词短语”作主语 规则：谓语与介词短语前的名词保持一致，不受介词短语影响。 正确 错误 分析 The teacher with his students is coming. The teacher with his students are coming. 主语是 teacher A book about animals is interesting. A book about animals are interesting. 主语是 book The girl as well as her parents likes music. The girl as well as her parents like music. 主语是 girl 常见介词/短语：with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like, including 2. “量词 + 名词”作主语 · all, some, most, half, part, the rest 等 规则：根据所指代的名词决定单复数。 All of the water is gone.（water 不可数→单数） All of the students are here.（students 可数复数→复数） Some of the book is interesting.（book 单数→单数） Some of the books are interesting.（books 复数→复数） · a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等 规则：根据后面名词决定单复数。 A lot of time was wasted.（time 不可数→单数） A lot of students were present.（students 可数复数→复数） · a number of / the number of 规则： a number of + 复数名词：谓语用复数（= many） the number of + 复数名词：谓语用单数（数量本身） · 分数/百分数 + 名词 规则：根据名词决定单复数。 Three-fourths of the earth is covered by water. Three-fourths of the students are from China. 50% of the work has been done. 50% of the workers have finished. 3、不定代词作主语 · 单数不定代词：规则：谓语用单数形式。 常见词：each, every, either, neither, one, another, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing Each of the boys has a book. Everyone in our class likes English. Something is wrong with the computer. · 复数不定代词：规则：谓语用复数形式。 常见词：both, many, few, several, a few Both of us are students. Many students like sports. · 可单可复不定代词：规则：根据所指内容决定。 常见词：all, some, most, none, any All of the milk is sour.（milk 不可数→单数） All of the apples are red.（apples 可数复数→复数） None of the money is mine.（money 不可数→单数） 4. 复合主语 · and 连接的复合主语 规则： (1) 表示不同的人/物：谓语用复数 Tom and Jerry are good friends. A pen and a pencil are on the desk. (2) 表示同一人/物或同一概念：谓语用单数 The singer and dancer is coming.（同一个人：歌手兼舞者） Bread and butter is my breakfast.（同一概念：涂黄油的面包） A knife and fork is on the table.（一套餐具） 判断技巧： 如果 and 连接的两个名词前都有冠词，通常是两个人/物→复数 如果只有第一个名词前有冠词，可能是同一个人/物→单数 · each/every 修饰的复合主语：规则：谓语用单数。 Each boy and girl has a book. Every man and woman is here. 5. 从句、不定式、动名词作主语：规则：谓语用单数形式。 What he said is true. To learn English well is important. Reading books makes us wise. Whether he will come doesn't matter. 注意：如果主语从句是 what 引导，且表语是复数，谓语可用复数： What we need are more books.（need 的宾语是 books，复数） 六、主谓一致的特殊情况 1. the + 形容词/分词 规则： (1) 表示一类人：谓语用复数 (2) 表示抽象概念：谓语用单数 表示一类人（复数） 表示抽象概念（单数） The poor need help. The beautiful is not always the good. The young are active. The unknown is always interesting. The wounded were taken to hospital. The new is often better than the old. 2. more than one / many a 结构 谓语形式 示例 more than one + 单数名词 单数 More than one student has finished. many a + 单数名词 单数 Many a student has made the mistake. more + 复数名词 + than one 复数 More students than one are present. 3. one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：规则：从句谓语通常与复数名词一致（用复数）。 He is one of the students who study hard. （他是努力学习的学生之一。→ 多个学生学习努力，他是其中之一） 4. 算术表达式：规则：通常看作整体，谓语用单数；但也可用复数，尤其是“加、乘”运算。 Two and two is/are four. Five times six is/are thirty. Ten minus three is seven.（减法、除法通常用单数） 5. 书名、剧名、国名等：规则：即使形式是复数，也看作单数整体。 “The United States” is a big country. “The Tales of Shakespeare” is interesting. 七、常见错误警示（重要） · 误用介词短语影响主谓一致： 错误：The teacher together with his students are in the classroom. 正确：The teacher together with his students is in the classroom. · 误判集体名词： 错误：My family is all teachers.（强调家庭成员，应用复数） 正确：My family are all teachers. · 误用就近原则： 错误：Neither you nor he are right. 正确：Neither you nor he is right. · 误判以 -s 结尾的名词： 错误：The news are exciting. 正确：The news is exciting. 错误：My glasses is broken. 正确：My glasses are broken. · 误用量词短语： 错误：A number of students is playing outside. 正确：A number of students are playing outside. 错误：The number of students are 50. 正确：The number of students is 50. · 误判 and 连接的复合主语： 错误：Bread and butter are my breakfast.（同一概念） 正确：Bread and butter is my breakfast. 错误：The singer and the dancer is coming.（两个人） 正确：The singer and the dancer are coming. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $