精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科期末考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分） 2026年1月20日 Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions (1*30=30分) 1. Prior to his Antarctica expedition, Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement seeking men for a ______ journey, offering little but small wages, ______ cold, months of darkness, ______ danger, and the prospect of a (n) ______ safe return. A. rough, piercing, constant, doubtful B. perilous, bitter, frequent, erratic C. bumpy, frozen, frequent, uncertain D. hazardous, freezing, constant, unreliable 2. While many of her peers cram for deadlines, she, as a (n) ______ student, remains composed because she manages her time ______ well, always completing tasks ahead of schedule with precision. A. distinguished, typically B. ordinary, unusually C. outstanding, normally D. exceptional, exceptionally 3. The polar expedition tested both the physical ______ and the mental ______ of the crew to the point of ______. A. endurance, resolve, exhaustion B. strength, resolve, exhaust C. endurance, resolution, exhausts D. strength, resolution, exhaustions 4. The exploration team ______ deep into the ruins, only to be completely lost due to a compass malfunction. As supplies ran out and they were on the verge of ______, the distress signal sent with their last bit of battery power finally brought a ______ helicopter. A. marched, disasters, saving B. ventured, collapse, guarding C. trudged, starvation, medevac D. pushed, malnutrition, rescue 5. The renowned explorer Shackleton and his crew had to abandon their original plan to ______ the South Pole when their ship got stuck in ice; instead, they were forced to ______ to the nearest safe harbor, but after months of survival in harsh conditions, they finally decided to ______ -though first, they had to carefully ______ a remote whaling station to send for rescue. A. head towards head off, head home, head for B. head for, head back, head home, head towards C. head for, head offshore, head back, head into D. head towards, head northwest, head back, head out of 6. Seeing the gaping hole in his canoe’s hull, forced to ______ his damaged canoe before the faithful vessel — his companion on countless coastal explorations — could ______, Robinson clung to a barrel, trusting it would ______ him toward the distant shore. A. desert, float, support B. leave, sink, push C. discard, float, drift D. abandon, sink, float 7. After realizing his phone addiction, he ________ on a 30-day digital detox challenge. A. set out B. left off C. ended up D. started up 8. As the last drop of water evaporated from his canteen, a (n) ______ silence began to ______ him across the endless dunes — a silence more terrifying than any sandstorm. A. isolated, drive B. distressing, bully C. desperate, accompany D. loathing, spur 9. ______ steeled herself, and her unwavering ______ — to spend the next year entirely screen-free — quietly began to reshape her days, turning fragmented attention into focused presence and digital noise into meaningful silence. A. Resolve, mindset B. Resolution, spirits C. Resolve, resolution D. Determination, urge 10. Faced with the complexity of generative AI, engineers must not only ensure that the model’s decision-making logic is ______, but also explain its limitations to the public in ______ language to prevent technological misuse. A. inclusive, simple B. clear, professional C. sound, technical D. valid, plain 11. I ______ with all these stories I’d gathered from my time on the road, and I just, I couldn’t sell them anywhere. I was about to give up when I had this realization that nobody was gonna give me this job. I had to go create it. A. wound down B. wound up C. wound forward D. wound through 12. We pulled together ten incredible stories, ten incredible feats from people who live life on their own terms. I think it’d be easier to ______ these people up ______. They think of them as heroes, almost superhuman. A. put, on a pedestal B. push, on their way C. put, on a podium D. push, on their altar 13. A truly smart home prioritizes both ________ and ________ automation — the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort. A. secure, domestic B. stable, secret C. security, discreet D. stability, prudent 14. This jacket’s interface looks ________ with its haptic touch panels, but it’s thoroughly ________ — designed to function flawlessly even in pouring rain or while wearing gloves. A. futuristic, water-proof B. fancy, fool-proof C. flashy, bullet-proof D. elegant, error-proof 15. This smart fridge features a (n) ________ power monitor that displays energy usage in ________ terms, like “current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day.” A. cutting-edge, equivalent B. integrated, identical C. amazing, digital D. advanced, figurative 16. In the next-generation immersive theater, your virtual assistant won’t just follow orders — it will ______ your preferences and moods, learning until it can intuitively ______ the curation of your entire sensory experience. A. echo, optimize B. echo, take over C. resonate with, hand over D. resonate with, control 17. The true value of a smart home lies not in its ______ voice assistants, but in the ______ improvement to daily convenience, security, and efficiency that a fully integrated system provides. A. artificial, reliable B. synthetic, reliable C. artificial, substantial D. synthetic, substantial 18. To capture the elusive aurora, the team had to first ______ their limited resources wisely in order to ______ their observation stations at the most strategically viable points on the ice sheet. A. stretch, locate B. exploit, nestle C. command, position D. pull, spot 19. The hundreds of plant species cataloged by Zhong Yang and his team on the Tibetan Plateau are merely __________; genetic analysis suggests that thousands more, along with their untapped potential for medicine and climate adaptation, remain undiscovered. A. a drop in the ocean B. a canary in the coal mine C. the first domino to fall D. the tip of the iceberg 20. For the botanist with a severe pollen ______, conducting fieldwork in the rainforest was an extreme ______, yet it was the only way to collect rare specimens. A. pathogen, challenge B. allergy, hardship C. pathogen, trial D. allergy, suffering 21. Last year, Paul Miller ______ online when The Verge published his article ______ a unique personal experiment: going one full year with absolutely no internet. A. made something, explaining B. made names, detailing C. made waves, elaborating D. made an issue, listing 22. Instead of yelling at smart phones, I should be marveling at the fact that, because they remember everything, I don’t have to ______ my brain with things like contact numbers and birthdays. I can turn my thoughts to more ______ things. A. crowd, delicious B. pack, effective C. cram, tasty D. squeeze, savory 23. So let’s strike a deal: You, Mr. Smartphone, keep doing the great job you do; For my part, I will look up. I will take notice. I will stop. I’m going to breathe, savor, touch, feel and live without you for several stretches a day. If I love ______, I will let ______ go. A. you, you B. me, myself C. me, you D. it, it 24. I suppose the Almighty too grew weary, ______ scripture says He rested ______ the seventh day after creation, thus setting ______ humanity an eternal rhythm of labor and rest. A. as, in, / B. because, on, on C. for, on, for D. since, for, for 25. ________ Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated, set off by the smallest things, ________ it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle coming ________ flower — phenomena that once brought comfort now seemed to grate ________ her frayed nerves. A. As, when, to, on B. When, if, into, in C. When, whether, to, in D. As, whether, into, on 26. Which of the following sentences is Correct? A. Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. B. Don’t trust such men as praises you to your face. C. They talked in such simple English that children could understand. D. He shut the window with such great force as the glass broke. 27. Some movies depict futuristic technologies ________ are so reasonable and practical ________ they go on to inspire real-world invention and innovation, such as the iconic self-opening doors introduced by Star Trek. A. that, that B. which, as C. that, whose D. as, that 28. I appreciated ______ a cup of coffee in the sofa in the cozy room with sunlight ______ the blind — watching light dance on the pages of my book and the rim of the cup, letting the aroma and warmth seep into the moment, as if time itself ______ into something rich and lingering. A. having, coming to shine, was brewing B. to have, come to shine, had been brewed C. having, coming shining, had been brewed D. to have, to come shining, was brewing 29. I ______ the first draft of my final essay today, a reasonable goal, carefully penciled ______ my planner at the start of the week; yet here I am, with the document still glaringly blank, all because I let the hours slip away, one after another, ______ an AI cabin project. A. intended to finish to write, on, building B. intended to finish writing, into, to build C. was about to finish to write, on, to build D. was to have finished writing, into, building 30. Building a modern AI system requires a step called “post-training”, or reinforcement learning. The AI model ______ a set of challenges in tasks such as coding, ______ it is possible to easily and automatically check success. ______ it writes good computer code, the system ______. In time, the model learns to write better code. A. has given, where, If, is rewarded B. is given, when, If, rewards C. has given, as, When, rewards D. is given, where, When, is rewarded Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (1*30=30分) Section A (1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Toyota opens $10B “Woven City” in Japan to Test Life with Robots and AI Toyota has formally launched the first phase of ____31____ Woven City, a $10 billion “test course for mobility” built at the foot of Mt. Fuji. Intent & Function: A Living Lab for Future Tech Toyota positions Woven City not as a typical smart city, but as a living laboratory to test ____32____ (integrate) systems of mobility, infrastructure, energy, computation, and daily life. The aim is to gather real-world data and evidence to validate technologies before ____33____ (broad) deployment. Technologies under active testing include autonomous vehicles, robotics, indoor air systems that minimize pollen, and an autonomous robot capable of transporting vehicles between designated spots using lidar and camera systems. Scale, Timeline & Partners The Woven City site occupies part of a former Toyota vehicle manufacturing plant. ____34____ fully complete, the city aims to host up to 2,000 residents. A total of 12 Toyota Group companies, along with seven external firms and a musician, are part of the co-creation ecosystem. In addition to mobility and software firms, collaborators span sectors ____35____air conditioning, food & beverage, and electronics. Challenges & Forward Path Though heralded as a pioneering step, Woven City faces significant challenges: Scale vs. realism: The first phase is small in population, and technologies tested ____36____ prove reliability in more complex, larger-scale settings. Technology risk: Systems like autonomous transport, air purification, and smart infrastructure must pass rigorous safety and usability thresholds ____37____ technology transfer. Integration into broader society: Bridging from controlled test environments to real cities with existing infrastructure ____38____ (be) a steep transition. Going forward, Toyota intends to expand the co-creation network, scale infrastructure, increase the resident base, and gradually introduce public access. Toyota’s move to bring Woven City alive is a tangible marker in the ____39____ (evolve) landscape of mobility, infrastructure, and urban living. Whether it succeeds as a scalable blueprint for future cities will rest on ____40____ these experiments translate into everyday systems and whether the lessons learned here can be exported beyond their controlled environment. Section B (1*20=20分) (A) Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. Was Mr Darcy the richest of all Jane Austen’s characters? A．secure B．conversely C．strange D．consequently E．background F．altered G．settled H．catch I．counting J．steady K．stretch Mr Darcy is handsome, smouldering and rich. According to the 1995 television adaptation of “Pride and Prejudice”, he is also an excellent swimmer. But in Austen’s next novel, “Mansfield Park”, she introduces a man in possession of even more money: Mr Rushworth. He is a clod, a “king” who appears “best in the ___41___”. But he is blessed with an estate spanning 700 acres (not ___42___ the water meadows), one of the best houses on London’s Wimpole Street and £12,000 a year to Darcy’s mere £10,000. It is fun to compare characters’ fortunes across novels. Doing so reveals “fiscal twins”, as Marilyn Francus of West Virginia University calls them. For example, Mr Bennet’s income in “Pride and Prejudice” (£2,000) is as large as Colonel Brandon’s in “Sense and Sensibility”: ___43___, then, that Mr Bennet has done so little to ___44___ his daughters’ futures. In “Northanger Abbey” James Morland can offer Isabella Thorpe only £400 a year. If she had ___45___ for that, she would have become the fiscal twin of Mrs Price, the poorest sister in “Mansfield Park”, who lived a life of clatter and chaos on what is reckoned to be a similar amount. The problem with these comparisons, however, is that the pound’s purchasing power was not ___46___ in the years between Austen novels. Harvest failures and recurring wars with France contributed to rapid inflation. ___47___, the demobilisation of soldiers in brief interludes of peace caused unemployment and inflation. Austen was aware of the problem. While revising “Sense and Sensibility” in 1811, she noted that “the incomes remain as they were, but I will get them ___48___ if I can.” It can make a big difference whether her numbers reflect the characters’ times or the year of publication. Some scholars, for example, argue that “Pride and Prejudice” is set around 1793-4 when militias were mobilised to protect Britain from possible invasion by France (“a whole campful of soldiers” thrills Lydia, the youngest and most feckless Bennet sister). “Mansfield Park”, on the other hand, is believed to start in 1808 or 1812. Between 1793 and 1808, the cost of living rose by over half, according to Charles Feinstein, an economic historian. That means the £12,000 flowing to Mr Rushworth in “Mansfield Park” did not ___49___ as far as the pounds accruing to Mr Darcy roughly 15 years earlier. Indeed, Mr Rushworth’s fortune was worth less than £7,900 at the prices prevailing in 1793. By that logic, he is not in fact the richest of Austen’s characters. Mr Darcy is a better ____50____. (B) Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. Urban Jungle Explorers A．roast B．manner C．biologically D．open E．loathe F．indifference G．rewilding H．ecologically I．literature J．tolerant K．crack Thousands of kilometres of creepy catacombs under the city of Odessa, Ukraine; derelict strips of brambles along railway lines in Amsterdam in the Netherlands; stacks of dead leaves piled around street-side trees in Baltimore, Maryland; vacant lots in inner-city Beijing; slimy greenish-grey films in a Parisian gutter; a lawn of astroturf in front of a Melbourne office building… City dwellers pass places like these on a daily basis — and look away in disgust or ____51____. When talking about urban nature, such unsightly spots aren’t what comes to mind — we think instead of pleasant city parks or grandiose urban ____52____ projects. And yet, real ecosystems are everywhere in the city, from the gutters to the rooftops and right under our feet. They are uniquely urban, with a yet-uncharted natural history, begging to be studied by a new band of community scientists. Cities are where all ____53____ of human environmental effects coalesce. Pollution from chemicals, plastic waste, noise and artificial light; roads and roadkill; the urban heat island; impervious surfaces made of concrete, glass, and brick; trade that brings in exotic species — all conspire to create urban landscapes that are, ____54____, completely different from natural habitats. But all these novel urban environments are real biotopes in their own right, ____55____ as exciting as rainforests, mountaintops and oceanic islands, with unprecedented ecological communities biologists are only just starting to uncover. Algae and microorganisms in street gutters are unique mixes of species ____56____ of heat and pollution. In the sewers and catacombs under cities live invertebrates (无脊椎动物) similar to cave organisms. Forgotten, isolated patches of inner-city vegetation may hide species driven to extinction elsewhere. And artificial lawns turn out to be ideal places for wildflower seedlings to sprout and live together. There is also brand-new animal behaviour to be observed. In Japan, Carrion crows use traffic to ____57____ walnuts on pedestrian crossings. In the Netherlands, lesser black-backed gulls ____58____ invasive crayfish on hot tin roofs. Sulfur-crested cockatoos in Sydney have figured out how to open garbage bins. And there is real, rapid evolution, from city snails evolving paler shells in which their bodies stay cooler-thus resisting the urban heat island-to lizards that evolve feet with better grip on slippery human-made surfaces. Even completely new species can be found in cities. In Salt Lake City, Utah, incessant gardening created a new biotope for a previously unknown ant species. And in the catacombs of Odessa, urban spelunkers discovered a new species of underground shrimp. The city is thus the next frontier for biological exploration. It is a completely new ecosystem, rapidly expanding all over the world, and created by the actions of a single species, Homo sapiens, a biological phenomenon unprecedented in the history of life on Earth. And city dwellers are watching it all happen. The time is right: the ____59____ science revolution has made scientific ____60____, software and data accessible to all. Universities offer MOOCs for anyone to obtain academic-level biology and ecology training. Community labs and nature clubs give their members access to kitchen-counter DNA kits and microscopes. Everything is in place for community scientists to discover the new, unstudied biological phenomena all around them in the cities where they live. It may be a way out for all those urbanites who feel they have become disconnected from nature. By opening their eyes to the uncharted habitats in their own street, living in the city can become a delight again. Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (1*25+2*15=55分) Section A (1*25=25分) Directions: For each blank in the following two passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) An understandable ethics outcry greeted the June announcement of a software platform that offers aspiring parents “genetic optimization” of their embryos (胚胎). ____61____ by Nucleus Genomics’ CEO Kian Sadeghi, the $5,999 service, named “Nucleus Embryo,” promised optimization of traits like heart disease and cancer resistance, as well as intelligence, longevity, baldness, eye color, and left-handedness. It also promised to ____62____ what makes someone an alcoholic. That left some commentators feeling “nauseous.” Critics ____63____ that it “treats children as marketable goods.” As professional bioethicists, we would have those same concerns — if Nucleus Embryo actually did what it claims. But it doesn’t. Sadeghi’s Nucleus Embryo starts from existing technology, and uses that reliable foundation to then ____64____ the realm of fantastic claims that may persuade venture capitalists and wealthy but naive customers but don’t hold up to scrutiny when you start seriously poking around. Parents have long used preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to avoid serious hereditary diseases or major chromosomal (染色体) problems. PGD is very expensive, and there are legitimate ethical concerns about who is able to ____65____ the technology and who is not. But there is little moral concern when parents use the technology to prevent passing on a serious disease. Now, some parents want more than health — they seek traits like intelligence, slimness, or longevity. Nucleus Embryo claims to screen hundreds of traits in up to 20 embryos for “genetic optimization” ____66____, there are no major genetic markers for many cancers or a truly definite set for heart disease, let alone for intelligence, acne, or longevity. Geneticists have known this for decades. Granted, there are hundreds of locations across the human genome where genetic variants have ever-so-slight positive or negative ____67____ with those traits, and information about what’s at each of those locations can be combined into one big measurement called a “polygenic risk score,” which many geneticists use for research purposes. But the clinical value of polygenic risk scores for even straightforward medical conditions like stroke remains highly dubious. Most of the research so far has been done almost ____68____ on people with Western European ancestry, so there’s little guarantee that the predictions work for people with family trees that trace to different parts of the globe. Even if Nucleus Embryo really let you optimize your potential child’s intelligence or steer clear of the dreaded left-handedness, then there would be some deep ethical questions to ask about designer babies, the ____69____ of genetics (优生学) and the marketization of children. But you can rest ____70____. There’s no danger of the genetically perfect ruling over the imperfect. The real danger is that a bunch of wealthy parents-to-be who are too eager to control their children’s biological future will spend $5,999 for a product that offers no such control, possibly avoiding perfectly healthy embryos out of fear they aren’t “optimized enough.” 61. A. Advertised B. Invented C. Proved D. Supported 62. A. pick out B. filter in C. weed out D. check on 63. A. protested B. rejected C. worried D. reported 64. A. dive into B. head for C. embark on D. leap into 65 A. realize B. obtain C. acquire D. access 66. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Moreover 67. A. relationships B. associations C. interactions D. affiliations 68. A. exclusively B. primarily C. partially D. unfairly 69. A. history B. legacy C. effect D. result 70. A. cozy B. ready C. easy D. confident (B) On September 10, 2025, NASA revealed what may be the most compelling evidence of past Martian life to date. The Perseverance rover discovered a rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls” while exploring a (n) ____71____ riverbed that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago. This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings that scientists have ____72____ to explain through non-biological processes alone. The most striking features of the rock are its “poppy seeds” and “leopard spots.” These are tiny dark dots and larger light-colored splotches surrounded by dark rims. On Earth, these types of ____73____ are frequently created by microbial activity in sedimentary rocks. Long before Perseverance even launched, researchers predicted that if life had ever existed on the Red Planet, it might leave behind ____74____ these kinds of distinct, easily ____75____ chemical signatures in the Martian terrain. The presence of these spots likely points to a process of biological ____76____. To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron. In Cheyava Falls, the dark rims and “poppy seeds” are ____77____ vivianite, a mineral that forms when iron receives these electrons. Furthermore, the pale centers of the spots contain greigite, suggesting that after exhausting the available iron, microbes may have switched to consuming sulfate. This logical chain of two different energy-harvesting reactions strongly ____78____ how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet. ____79____ NASA has considered non-biological explanations, such as volcanic activity or high-temperature chemical reactions, none of them perfectly fit the evidence. For instance, the specific reactions needed to create these minerals without life typically require temperatures exceeding 150℃, yet there is no evidence the rock was ever that hot. Additionally, minerals _____80_____ by groundwater or nearby volcanoes would likely result in messy splotches rather than the _____81_____ spots observed by the rover’s high-resolution cameras. Despite this excitement, scientists remain _____82_____ because a definitive “slam dunk” requires more advanced tools than a rover can carry. The final answer _____83_____ the Mars Sample Return mission, a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency designed to bring these specific tubes back to Earth. Although budget _____84_____ place the timeline in doubt, Cheyava Falls remains the most “_____85_____” prize in the history of space exploration. 71. A. giant B. ancient C. mysterious D. remote 72. A. failed B. managed C. struggled D. hesitated 73. A. materials B. patterns C. colors D. landscapes 74. A. nearly B. roughly C. perhaps D. exactly 75. A. identifiable B. visible C. memorable D. adaptable 76. A. construction B. evolution C. circulation D. digestion 77. A. named after B. composed of C. centered on D. attracted to 78. A. reflects B. copies C. mirrors D. simplifies 79. A. While B. As C. Since D. If 80. A. created B. heated C. processed D. introduced 81. A. chaotic B. regulated C. organized D. colorful 82. A. pessimistic B. cautious C. disappointed D. calm 83. A. comes from B. lies in C. points to D. focuses on 84. A. cuts B. grants C. applications D. extensions 85. A. revolutionary B. innovative C. valuable D. promising Section B (2*11=22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dr. Jane Goodall tells her changemaker story Most people ask when my love of nature began. I find the question difficult to answer, because for as long as I can remember, nature has simply been part of who I am. As a child, I spent hours observing animals, quietly watching birds until they no longer feared my presence. I was fortunate to grow up with a supportive mother, access to books, and constant contact with the natural world. Books first introduced me to Africa. By the age of ten, I announced that I would one day live among wild animals there and write about them. At the time, this ambition seemed absurd. Scientific careers were not considered appropriate for girls, and field studies of animals in the wild were almost unheard of. The idea was dismissed as unrealistic, dangerous, and financially impossible. Yet my mother offered me simple advice: if I truly wanted something, I would have to work extraordinarily hard, seize every opportunity, and refuse to give up. I followed that advice. Although I performed well at school, my family could not afford university, so I took a secretarial course and worked in London. Years later, that practical training proved unexpectedly useful. When a friend invited me to Kenya, I saved enough money to go, working various jobs along the way. There, by a stroke of chance, I met the paleontologist Louis Leakey, who was seeking a new secretary. My preparation, persistence, and long-standing passion for African wildlife earned me not only the position, but an opportunity to study chimpanzees in the wild. The work was far from easy. In the early months, the chimpanzees fled at the sight of me. Then one individual, later named David Graybeard, gradually lost his fear. Through him, I witnessed something that challenged established scientific beliefs: he used modified grass stems as tools. At the time, tool-making was considered a uniquely human trait. This observation drew international attention and allowed further research to continue. As I came to know the chimpanzees as individuals, I was struck by the similarities between their behavior and our own — kissing, embracing, holding hands, swaggering, males competing for dominance. Good mothers and bad mothers. They’re capable of violence and brutality, but also love and altruism. After two years, Dr. Leakey said he’d got me a place in Cambridge University, and it was at Cambridge that my first real task of making change happened. To my horror and dismay, scientists there told me I’d done everything wrong. I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names; they should have had numbers. I couldn’t talk about their personalities or minds or emotions because those were unique to us. But growing up, I’d been taught by my dog, Rusty, that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. My mother taught me if you think differently than someone, first listen because maybe they know things you don’t. If you still believe you are righter than they are, have the courage of your convictions. I stood up for my belief that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. And because of the evidence that chimpanzees are so like us biologically — we share 98.6% of their DNA — and the material I wrote about their behavior, the scientists simply had to move away from the reductionist way of thinking that we humans are the only sentient beings. 86. What was the possible reason for the author’s going to Africa? A. A lifelong academic ambition shaped by formal scientific training. B. A childhood fascination supported by books, family, and passion. C. A desire to escape social expectations placed on women at the time. D. A practical plan encouraged by clear career opportunities abroad. 87. Which of the following best explains why the author took a secretarial course? A. It was a deliberate step toward becoming a professional scientist. B. It was required by British authorities for overseas research work. C. It was a practical choice made in the absence of better options. D. It was strongly recommended by Dr. Leakey as essential preparation. 88. What was the scientific significance of David Graybeard’s behavior described in the passage? A. It provided evidence against the belief that only humans make tools. B. It confirmed that chimpanzees could be trained through human contact. C. It revealed how chimpanzees adapt to life in remote environments. D. It demonstrated the importance of long-term observation methods. 89. What can be inferred from the author’s experience at Cambridge University? A. Scientific traditions can be easily changed once new data is presented. B. Emotional attachment clouds objective understanding of animals. C. Academic recognition depends largely on formal qualifications. D. Challenging established views often requires both evidence and resolve. (B) TOP HIKING TRAILS IN THE WORLD Posted on 04-15-25 Share From ancient stone paths to high mountain passes these five hiking trails offer unforgettable journeys for adventurers around the globe. Before setting off, hikers should pay close attention to scenery highlights, access seasons, and reservation requirements. The Great Wall Trek — China Stretching across northern China, the Great Wall offers several trekking-friendly sections such as Jinshanling and Simatai. These routes combine dramatic mountain views with historic watchtowers. ●Best season: April — September ●Reservation: Ticket booking required for restored sections ●Facilities: Shops and rest areas near major entrances ●Note: Some parts are steep and uneven The John Muir Trail — USA Located in California’s Sierra Nevada, the 211-mile John Muir Trail (JMT) passes through Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Sequoia National Parks. ●Best season: July — September ●Reservation: Wilderness permits required months in advance ●Facilities: Limited resupply points along the route ●Note: High altitude and long distances demand strong fitness The Camino de Santiago — Spain Known as a spiritual pilgrimage, the Camino de Santiago is a network of routes leading to Santiago de Compostela. The Camino Francés, the most popular route, spans about 500 miles. ●Best season: May — October ●Reservation: Required for commercial filming and organized groups ●Facilities: Frequent hostels, cafés, and medical stations ●Note: Suitable for beginners and cultural travelers The augavegur Trail — Iceland This 55-kilometer trail connects Landmannalaugar to Þórsmörk, passing glaciers, hot springs, and volcanic deserts. ●Best season: June — August ●Reservation: Required for mountain huts ●Facilities: Huts and emergency shelters available ●Note: Weather changes rapidly The Inca Trail —Peru Leading to the ancient city of Machu Picchu, the Inca Trail combines archaeological ruins with Andean scenery. ●Best season: May — September ●Reservation: Mandatory booking via licensed tour operators ●Facilities: Guided camps and porters provided ●Note: Daily hiker numbers are strictly limited 90. Which of the following trails allows independent hiking without compulsory permits? A. The Great Wall Trek in China. B. The Camino de Santiago in Spain. C. The John Muir Trail in the United States. D. The Inca Trail in Peru. 91. Which of the following travel plans is NOT appropriate according to the information provided? A. Choosing the Camino de Santiago for a family interested in cultural experiences. B. Planning to hike the Laugavegur Trail during the summer vacation as an extreme-sports enthusiast seeking challenging natural landscapes. C. Selecting the John Muir Trail for beginner hikers who prefer making spontaneous travel plans. D. Walking along the Great Wall Trek for travelers who enjoy historical sightseeing. 92. Which of the following can best be inferred from the information provided in the passage? A. Trails with strict permit systems tend to offer fewer natural attractions. B. Long-distance trails generally require higher physical fitness than short routes. C. Access regulations for trails are influenced by environmental and safety concerns. D. Independent hiking is discouraged on most famous trails worldwide. (C) Should Teenagers Be Banned from Social Media? Debates over restricting teenagers’ access to social media often begin with an apparent contradiction. On the one hand, young people possess free-speech rights, and social media has become the most visible arena for public expression. On the other, there is growing consensus that social media causes real harm, particularly to children. The unresolved question, then, is not whether social media is damaging, but how far a society committed to free expression should go in limiting access to it in the name of protection. Earlier attempts to resolve this tension, such as Utah’s proposed age-verification law, revealed the difficulty of translating parental concern into policy without overreaching. Requiring government identification to access social platforms risked excluding not only minors but also adults lacking official documents, effectively narrowing participation in the digital public square. Civil-libertarian objections framed such measures as unacceptable intrusions on free expression, and for a time, that argument appeared decisive. Australia’s recent Online Safety Amendment Act represents a more forceful intervention. To participate in digital life, Australian citizens may now have to submit a fairly onerous series of age verifications. By effectively banning children under sixteen from major social-media platforms and imposing staggering fines on noncompliant companies, the law shifts responsibility from families to the state. Yet public reaction to the law reveals a paradox. Although a large majority of adults support the ban, many doubt its effectiveness, and even fewer parents intend to enforce it strictly at home. Early reports suggest that children are already finding ways to circumvent age-verification systems, highlighting the limits of technological enforcement. What seems most likely is not total compliance but a partial cultural shift. The law may function less as an airtight prohibition than as a signal of changing norms. We are currently witnessing a “politics of attention” where society can no longer remain neutral on what it means to live a digital life well. Increasingly, technology is seen as a powerful force that shapes attention, behavior, and values, often in ways misaligned with human well-being. This development is also reflected in what might be called a “quiet revolution” — not simply a change in policy, but a deeper moral realignment. This quiet revolution is already visible in school districts across the U.S. that have banned smartphones from classrooms. The growing suspicion toward smartphones and social platforms thus signals the emergence of a new national morality, one that questions whether constant connectivity truly serves a good life. Crucially, this moral shift is not limited to concerns about children. Anxiety over teenagers’ phone use masks a broader unease with adult lives that have become fragmented, relentlessly scheduled, and dominated by digital demands. A truly flourishing digital life requires a shift in norms for adults as well as children. If society cannot move away from private technology companies that incentivize cheap engagement, any rules dictated for the next generation will remain compromised. The challenge lies in rediscovering what to do with our newfound, offline time. 93. According to the passage, what was a major concern regarding Utah’s proposed age-verification law? A. It would have failed to reduce teenagers’ use of social media in practice. B. It risked restricting access to online expression for adults as well as minors. C. It placed excessive financial pressure on social-media companies. D. It conflicted with parental authority by transferring decision-making power to the state. 94. What paradox surrounding Australia’s Online Safety Amendment Act does the author highlight? A. The law enjoys political support but faces opposition from technology companies. B. Public approval of the law exists alongside doubts about its real-world enforcement. C. Parents support the law in principle but find it hard to enforce it at home. D. The law’s strict design contrasts with the ease of bypassing them by minors. 95. Which of the following best explains what the author means by the “quiet revolution” in the fourth paragraph? A. A gradual tightening of government regulations that aims to strictly control teenagers’ access to digital technology. B. A temporary reaction to smartphone overuse that will fade with the adaptation to new digital norms. C. A public backlash driven mainly by schools and parents against the economic power of tech companies. D. A widespread shift in social values that redefines how technology should be used in everyday life. 96. What position is the author most likely to take on current efforts to restrict teenagers’ access to social media? A. They are meaningful mainly as part of a broader shift in social norms, especially when accompanied by changes in adult behavior. B. They function primarily as policy instruments intended to weaken the commercial dominance of technology companies over public attention. C. They largely reflect short-term public concern and moral unease, with limited potential to reshape long-term social values. D. They are best understood as measures that should rely more on parental guidance and household rules than on institutional intervention. Section C (2*4=8分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Talking to Chatbots: What Teens Should Know How often do you talk to a chatbot like ChatGPT? A few times a week? Every day? Surveys suggest that more than 70% of American teenagers have interacted with one. These tools can feel like friendly listeners — always available, never impatient. Yet chatbots were not designed specifically for young people, and their risks are often misunderstood. Public attention is usually drawn to extreme tragedies. In 2025, a teenager named Adam Raine died by suicide, and his family claimed that his conversations with a chatbot contributed to the crisis. Such cases are shocking, but experts caution against focusing only on the most dramatic outcomes. ____97____ One illustration comes from Amanda Guinzburg, a professional writer who once asked ChatGPT to help polish a letter and assess samples of her work. The chatbot responded with enthusiastic praise, but something felt off. When Guinzburg pressed the bot, it admitted that it had not actually read her essays. From this experience, Guinzburg realized that chatbots are often designed less to provide accurate help than to keep users engaged and satisfied. ____98____ So here are a few things to keep in mind when you talk to any AI-powered tool. First, remember that your voice matters. Chatbots may sound thoughtful or empathetic, but this impression is an illusion. They do not have emotions, lived experience, or real understanding. Instead, they predict language based on patterns in massive amounts of text. ____99____ However, as English teacher Brett Vogelsinger explains, students should see chatbots as tools for learning techniques — not as standards they must compete with. Original human expression, even when imperfect, still matters more. Second, turn to real people for important advice. Chatbots do not judge and are always available, which makes them appealing. Some studies even suggest they can reduce loneliness. ____100____ Research has shown that they provide inappropriate mental-health support in about one-fifth of crisis-related cases. Third, be cautious of flattery. Chatbots are trained to agree and encourage, because people tend to prefer supportive responses. While encouragement can boost confidence, constant affirmation may prevent users from recognizing mistakes and learning from them. Chatbots can be useful and fun, but they should be treated with caution. As one expert advises, enjoy them as tools or toys—but never stop thinking for yourself. A. However, psychologists warn that this convenience can come at a serious cost in high-risk situations. B. Although chatbot companies promise improvements — such as upgraded systems and better crisis alerts — the basic way these tools operate, and how they may fail — remain the same. C. Tragedies like this should be viewed at least partly as failures of individual responsibility rather than primarily technology. D. Many of these risks emerge not from dramatic events but from everyday interactions that build quiet trust. E. This illusion can blur the boundary between simulated empathy and genuine human understanding. F. As a result, users may wrongly assume that chatbots can reason, feel, or judge like humans. Ⅵ．Sentence Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 101. 面对持续失败，他不再努力，最终自暴自弃了。（abandon）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 102. 景区里络绎不绝的游客所产生的噪音，其实等同于一场小型施工带来的影响，使周边居民抱怨无法睡得香甜（equivalent）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 103. 不少年轻人迫切想要做出改变以带来积极的社会变革，保守派却对他们吹毛求疵，认为他们太过稚嫩、缺乏规划。（desperate）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 104. 随着数码信息的爆炸，人们可以轻易获取过量的廉价、简单、使人上瘾的网上信息供自己随意浏览。难怪人们很容易形成一种习惯，即在网上连续数小时不用脑子地从一份美味零食吃到另一份美味零食。(No wonder) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Guided Writing (20分) 105. Directions: Write an English composition of about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 人工智能技术辅助个体学习已经成为未来的教育趋势，目前很多学生借助其丰富的信息资源完成作业。你校校报正在开展以“学生是否应借助人工智能完成作业”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华，请你据此撰文，阐述个人观点与理由，并就中学生未来如何合理利用人工智能技术赋能学习提出具体建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科期末考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分） 2026年1月20日 Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions (1*30=30分) 1. Prior to his Antarctica expedition, Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement seeking men for a ______ journey, offering little but small wages, ______ cold, months of darkness, ______ danger, and the prospect of a (n) ______ safe return. A. rough, piercing, constant, doubtful B. perilous, bitter, frequent, erratic C. bumpy, frozen, frequent, uncertain D. hazardous, freezing, constant, unreliable 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在南极探险之前，欧内斯特・沙克尔顿刊登广告招募人员参与一场危险的旅程，所提供的只有微薄的薪水、刺骨的严寒、数月的黑暗、持续的危险，以及能否安全返回的不确定前景。A. rough粗糙的 / 艰难的，piercing刺骨的，constant持续的，doubtful可疑的 / 不确定的；B. perilous危险的，bitter刺骨的，frequent频繁的，erratic不稳定的；C. bumpy颠簸的，frozen冰冻的，frequent频繁的，uncertain不确定的；D. hazardous危险的，freezing极冷的，constant持续的，unreliable不可靠的。第一空，修饰journey，结合南极探险背景，需体现“危险的”核心含义，perilous、hazardous均符合；第二空，修饰cold，bitter、piercing均贴合“寒冷的感受”；第三空，结合南极探险的持续性风险，constant danger更能体现危险时刻存在的特质；第四空，修饰safe return，需体现“不确定”，doubtful、uncertain符合语境。综上，rough、piercing、constant、doubtful 搭配最贴合上下文语义及南极探险的语境。故选A。 2. While many of her peers cram for deadlines, she, as a (n) ______ student, remains composed because she manages her time ______ well, always completing tasks ahead of schedule with precision. A. distinguished, typically B. ordinary, unusually C. outstanding, normally D. exceptional, exceptionally 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：当她的许多同龄人都在为最后期限赶工的时候，作为一名优秀的学生，她却保持镇定，因为她把时间管理得极其出色，总是提前精准地完成任务。A. distinguished杰出的，typically典型地；B. ordinary普通的，unusually不同寻常地；C. outstanding杰出的，normally正常地；D. exceptional优秀的、非凡的，exceptionally极其、异常地。根据 “remains composed”、“manages her time well”、“completing tasks ahead of schedule with precision”可知，她和赶工的同龄人形成对比，是一名优秀的学生，distinguished、outstanding、exceptional 均有“优秀的”含义；第二空修饰副词well，需用副词，结合“always completing tasks ahead of schedule”可知，她的时间管理能力远超常人，exceptionally贴合语境。故选D。 3. The polar expedition tested both the physical ______ and the mental ______ of the crew to the point of ______. A. endurance, resolve, exhaustion B. strength, resolve, exhaust C. endurance, resolution, exhausts D. strength, resolution, exhaustions 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次极地探险考验了船员的身体耐力与精神意志，直至他们精疲力竭。endurance耐力；strength体力，意志力。resolve决心，决意；resolution决定，决议。exhaustion精疲力竭，耗尽，是不可数名词；exhaust排气管（可数名词），废气（不可数名词）。结合“The polar expedition tested”可知，第三空应用exhaustion“精疲力竭，耗尽”，表示“达到精疲力竭的程度”；endurance“耐力”与极地探险中考验的身体承受力匹配；resolve“决心，决意”契合在极端环境下保持意志力的品质。故选A。 4. The exploration team ______ deep into the ruins, only to be completely lost due to a compass malfunction. As supplies ran out and they were on the verge of ______, the distress signal sent with their last bit of battery power finally brought a ______ helicopter. A. marched, disasters, saving B. ventured, collapse, guarding C. trudged, starvation, medevac D. pushed, malnutrition, rescue 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词词义辨析。句意：探险队艰难跋涉深入废墟，却因指南针故障彻底迷路了。随着补给耗尽，他们濒临饥饿，用最后一点电池电量发出的求救信号最终迎来了一架医疗救援直升机。A. marched行进，disasters灾难，saving拯救；B. ventured冒险，collapse崩溃，guarding守卫的；C. trudged艰难跋涉，starvation饥饿，medevac医疗救援；D. pushed推进，malnutrition营养不良，rescue救援。第一空，结合“deep into the ruins”和“completely lost”可知，探险队深入废墟的过程是艰难的，trudged更贴合语境；第二空，“supplies ran out”直接指向食物短缺，starvation符合语义；第三空，结合“distress signal”可知，指迎来了医疗救援直升机，medevac符合题意。故选C。 5. The renowned explorer Shackleton and his crew had to abandon their original plan to ______ the South Pole when their ship got stuck in ice; instead, they were forced to ______ to the nearest safe harbor, but after months of survival in harsh conditions, they finally decided to ______ -though first, they had to carefully ______ a remote whaling station to send for rescue. A. head towards, head off, head home, head for B. head for, head back, head home, head towards C. head for, head offshore, head back, head into D. head towards, head northwest, head back, head out of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：著名的探险家沙克尔顿和他的船员们不得不放弃他们最初向南极进发的计划，因为他们的船被困在了冰里；相反，他们被迫返回最近的安全港，但在恶劣的环境中生存了几个月后，他们最终决定回家——尽管首先他们必须小心地前往一个偏远的捕鲸站寻求救援。A. head towards朝……方向前进；head off阻止；head home回家；head for前往；B. head for前往；head back返回；head home回家；head towards朝……方向前进；C. head for前往；head offshore向海面移动；head back返回；head into朝……方向前进；D. head towards朝……方向前进；head northwest向西北方向前进；head back返回；head out of从……出去。根据“their original plan(最初的计划)”以及“the South Pole(南极)”可知，这里指他们最初前往南极的计划，因此第一空使用head for最为恰当；根据“to the nearest safe harbor(最近的安全港)”可知，这里指他们被迫返回最近的安全港，因此第二空使用head back最为恰当；根据“after months of survival in harsh conditions(在恶劣的环境中生存了几个月后)”可知，这里指在恶劣的环境中生存了几个月后，他们最终决定回家，因此第三空使用head home最为恰当；根据“a remote whaling station to send for rescue(一个偏远的捕鲸站寻求救援)”可知，这里指他们必须小心地前往一个偏远的捕鲸站寻求救援，因此第四空使用head towards最为恰当。故选B项。 6. Seeing the gaping hole in his canoe’s hull, forced to ______ his damaged canoe before the faithful vessel — his companion on countless coastal explorations — could ______, Robinson clung to a barrel, trusting it would ______ him toward the distant shore. A. desert, float, support B. leave, sink, push C. discard, float, drift D. abandon, sink, float 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到独木舟船体上裂开的大洞，鲁滨逊被迫在这艘忠实的、陪伴他无数次海岸探险的船沉没前弃船，他紧紧抓住一只木桶，相信它能载着他漂向遥远的岸边。第一空abandon：强调因危险、困境等被迫、彻底放弃某物，尤指交通工具、家园等，完全契合鲁滨逊面对破船的无奈处境；desert：常指擅自离开岗位、背弃某人，不用于描述放弃船只；leave：表意宽泛，无“被迫、不舍”的情感，无法体现船对鲁滨逊的重要性；discard：侧重主动丢弃无用、废旧的物品，和“被迫放弃”的语境相悖。第二空sink：意为下沉、沉没，符合破损船只的结局，是唯一合理选项；float：意为漂浮，和船身破损的语境完全矛盾，直接排除 A、C。第三空木桶的功能是让人借助浮力漂浮，应用float，support支持，push推动；drift漂泊，不符合语境。故选D。 7. After realizing his phone addiction, he ________ on a 30-day digital detox challenge. A. set out B. left off C. ended up D. started up 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在意识到自己对手机的依赖之后，他开始了为期30天的“数字排毒”挑战。A. set out出发，开始；B. left off停止，中断；C. ended up最终处于，以……告终；D. started up创办，开动（机器等），不与on搭配。根据“After realizing his phone addiction”可知，意识到自己对手机的依赖，开始进行为期30天的数字排毒挑战。故选A。 8. As the last drop of water evaporated from his canteen, a (n) ______ silence began to ______ him across the endless dunes — a silence more terrifying than any sandstorm. A. isolated, drive B. distressing, bully C. desperate, accompany D. loathing, spur 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：当他水壶里的最后一滴水蒸发殆尽时，一种绝望的寂静开始在无边的沙丘上笼罩着他 —— 这种寂静比任何沙尘暴都更令人恐惧。A. isolated孤立的，drive驱使；B. distressing令人苦恼的，bully欺凌；C. desperate绝望的，accompany陪伴；D. loathing厌恶，spur激励。根据“the last drop of water evaporated”和“silence more terrifying than any sandstorm”可知，水耗尽后身处无边沙丘的寂静是令人绝望的，且寂静会一直伴随、笼罩着他，desperate和accompany符合语境。故选C。 9. ______ steeled herself, and her unwavering ______ — to spend the next year entirely screen-free — quietly began to reshape her days, turning fragmented attention into focused presence and digital noise into meaningful silence. A. Resolve, mindset B. Resolution, spirits C. Resolve, resolution D. Determination, urge 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：罗西尔坚定了自己的决心，她那坚定不移的决心——要在接下来的一年里完全远离屏幕——悄然开始改变着她的生活，将分散的注意力转化为专注的投入，将数字噪音转化为有意义的宁静。第一个空需要一个动词，resolve作动词时，有“决心，决定”之意。resolve oneself表示“下定决心”，符合语境。determination是名词，不符合此处语法要求；mindset心态；spirits精神；情绪；resolution决心，决定；urge强烈的欲望；冲动。第二个空需要一个名词，与前文“resolved herself”相呼应，这里指她坚定的决心要在接下来的一年完全不使用电子设备，所以用名词resolution。故选C。 10. Faced with the complexity of generative AI, engineers must not only ensure that the model’s decision-making logic is ______, but also explain its limitations to the public in ______ language to prevent technological misuse. A. inclusive, simple B. clear, professional C. sound, technical D. valid, plain 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：面对生成式人工智能的复杂性，工程师不仅必须确保模型的决策逻辑有效合理，还必须用通俗易懂的语言向公众解释其局限性，以防止技术滥用。A. inclusive包容的，simple简单的；B. clear清晰的，professional专业的；C. sound合理的，technical专业的；D. valid有效的、合理的，plain通俗易懂的。根据“prevent technological misuse” 可知，模型决策逻辑需有效合理，且向公众解释局限性需用普通人能理解的语言，plain language 为固定搭配，指“通俗易懂的语言”。故选 D。 11. I ______ with all these stories I’d gathered from my time on the road, and I just, I couldn’t sell them anywhere. I was about to give up when I had this realization that nobody was gonna give me this job. I had to go create it. A. wound down B. wound up C. wound forward D. wound through 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我最终攒下了自己奔波途中收集的所有故事，却到处都卖不出去。我正要放弃的时候，突然意识到没人会给我这份工作，我必须自己去创造这份工作。A. wound down逐步结束；慢慢放松；B. wound up最终处于（某种状态）；C. wound forward（将录音、录像等）快进 ；D. wound through蜿蜒穿过。根据后文with all these stories I’d gathered from my time on the road可知，“最终处于某种状态”符合句子“我最终攒下了这些旅途中收集的故事，却无处可售”的语境。故选B项。 12. We pulled together ten incredible stories, ten incredible feats from people who live life on their own terms. I think it’d be easier to ______ these people up ______. They think of them as heroes, almost superhuman. A. put, on a pedestal B. push, on their way C. put, on a podium D. push, on their altar 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们汇集了十个精彩的故事，十个由那些按自己的方式生活的人创造的非凡功绩。我觉得人们很容易把这些人奉若神明。他们将这些人视作英雄，近乎超人一般。 A. put, on a pedestal把……奉若神明；过分推崇 ；B. push, on their way推搡着让某人前行；催促某人离开； C. put, on a podium把……送上领奖台 D. push, on their altar 无此固定搭配。根据后文“They think of them as heroes, almost superhuman.”可知，人们很容易把这些人奉若神明。故选A项。 13. A truly smart home prioritizes both ________ and ________ automation — the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort. A. secure, domestic B. stable, secret C. security, discreet D. stability, prudent 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一个真正智能的家居应优先考虑安全且不显眼的自动化——摄像头能探测威胁，同时又不会让住户感到被监视，通过尊重个人空间和心理舒适的适度设计来实现保护。A. secure形容词，安全的，domestic形容词，国内的，家庭的；B. stable形容词，稳定的，secret形容词/名词，秘密的，秘密；C. security名词，安全，discreet形容词，不引人注意的；D. stability名词，稳定，prudent形容词，谨慎的。后半句的解释“the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort (摄像头能探测威胁，同时又不会让住户感到被监视，通过尊重个人空间和心理舒适的适度设计来实现保护)”指出了智能家居自动化应具有安全的功能，同时提供不打扰的体验，security automation指提供安全保障的自动化功能，与“探测威胁”呼应，discreet automation指运行方式隐蔽、不侵犯隐私的自动化，与“不会让住户感到被监视”和“适度设计”呼应。故选C。 14. This jacket’s interface looks ________ with its haptic touch panels but it’s thoroughly ________ — designed to function flawlessly even in pouring rain or while wearing gloves. A. futuristic, water-proof B. fancy, fool-proof C. flashy, bullet-proof D. elegant, error-proof 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：这件夹克的交互界面配有触感触控面板，看起来极具未来感，但它又完全防水——即便是在瓢泼大雨中，或是戴着手套时，都能完美运行。A. futuristic极具未来感的；water-proof防水的；B. fancy精致的；fool-proof简单易用的；C. flashy花哨俗气的；bullet-proof防弹的；D. elegant优雅的；error-proof防错的。根据后文with its haptic touch panels可知，夹克看起来极具未来感。根据后文designed to function flawlessly even in pouring rain or while wearing gloves可知，夹克完全防水。故选A项。 15. This smart fridge features a (n) ________ power monitor that displays energy usage in ________ terms, like “current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day.” A. cutting-edge, equivalent B. integrated, identical C. amazing, digital D. advanced, figurative 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个智能冰箱配备了一个尖端的电源监视器，它以等效术语显示能源使用情况，比如“当前耗电量相当于让3个LED灯泡开一天。”A. cutting-edge尖端的，前沿的，equivalent相等的、等效的；B. integrated集成的，identical相同的；C. amazing令人惊叹的，digital数字的；D. advanced先进的，figurative比喻性的。根据“smart fridge”可知，电量监测器应是“先进的，前沿的”，cutting-edge和advanced均符合；结合后文举例“current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day”可知，此处是用等效属于描述能源使用情况，equivalent符合语境。故选A。 16. In the next-generation immersive theater, your virtual assistant won’t just follow orders — it will ______ your preferences and moods, learning until it can intuitively ______ the curation of your entire sensory experience. A. echo, optimize B. echo, take over C. resonate with, hand over D. resonate with, control 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义和动词短语辨析。句意：在下一代沉浸式剧院中，你的虚拟助手不会只是听从命令——它会回应你的偏好和情绪，不断学习，直到它能直观地优化你对整个感官体验的策展。A. echo, optimize回应，优化；B. echo, take over回应，接管；C. resonate with, hand over引起共鸣，移交；D. resonate with, control引起共鸣，控制。根据your preferences and moods可知，此处指虚拟助手回应你的偏好和情绪，echo符合语境；再根据the curation of your entire sensory experience可知，此处指优化你的整个感官体验，optimize符合语境。故选A。 17. The true value of a smart home lies not in its ______ voice assistants, but in the ______ improvement to daily convenience, security, and efficiency that a fully integrated system provides. A. artificial, reliable B. synthetic, reliable C. artificial, substantial D. synthetic, substantial 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：智能家居的真正价值不在于其人工语音助手，而在于全集成系统所带来的、对日常便利性、安全性和效率的显著提升。A. artificial人工的，reliable可靠的；B. synthetic合成的，reliable可靠的；C. artificial人工的，substantial显著的、重大的；D. synthetic合成的，substantial显著的、重大的。第一空，修饰voice assistants，artificial侧重“人工的、人造的”，符合“人工语音助手”的固定表达；第二空，修饰improvement，结合true value可知，此处需体现提升的“显著度”，substantial贴合语境，强调全集成系统带来的提升是有分量、有实际意义的。故选C。 18. To capture the elusive aurora, the team had to first ______ their limited resources wisely in order to ______ their observation stations at the most strategically viable points on the ice sheet. A. stretch, locate B. exploit, nestle C. command, position D. pull, spot 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了捕捉难以捉摸的极光，该团队必须首先明智地充分利用其有限的资源，以便将观测站部署在冰盖上战略上最可行的位置。A. stretch充分利用、伸展，locate定位、找到；B. exploit开发、利用（含贬义，侧重过度利用），nestle依偎、安身；C. command指挥、掌控，position部署、安置；D. pull拉、拖，spot发现、认出。根据“limited resources wisely”可知，此处指充分利用有限资源，stretch符合语境；结合“observation stations at the most strategically viable points”可知，locate符合题意，强调找到并定位，符合“部署观测站”的语义。故选A。 19. The hundreds of plant species cataloged by Zhong Yang and his team on the Tibetan Plateau are merely __________; genetic analysis suggests that thousands more, along with their untapped potential for medicine and climate adaptation, remain undiscovered. A. a drop in the ocean B. a canary in the coal mine C. the first domino to fall D. the tip of the iceberg 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：钟阳及其团队在青藏高原所记录的数百种植物种类，仅仅是冰山一角；基因分析表明，还有数千种植物以及它们在医药和气候适应方面的未被开发的潜力尚未被发现。A. a drop in the ocean杯水车薪，沧海一粟，比喻数量极少，相对于整体微不足道。B. a canary in the coal mine矿中的金丝雀，比喻早期预警信号或危险征兆。C. the first domino to fall第一块倒下的多米诺骨牌，比喻引发连锁反应的开端。D. the tip of the iceberg冰山一角，比喻已知的部分只是整体中很小的一部分，还有大量未知内容。根据下文“genetic analysis suggests that thousands more, along with their untapped potential for medicine and climate adaptation, remain undiscovered.”可知，此处表示研究记录的百种植物种类只是数量庞大中的一点点，D符合题意。故选D。 20. For the botanist with a severe pollen ______, conducting fieldwork in the rainforest was an extreme ______, yet it was the only way to collect rare specimens. A. pathogen, challenge B. allergy, hardship C. pathogen, trial D. allergy, suffering 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这位对花粉极度敏感的植物学家来说，在雨林中进行野外考察是一项极其艰难的处境，但这是获取稀有标本的唯一途径。第一空pollen allergy 是固定搭配，意为花粉过敏，pathogen 指病原体、致病菌，“花粉病原体” 不符合医学和日常表达逻辑，排除 A、C；第二空hardship 意为艰难、困苦、困境，侧重客观上的艰难处境、磨难，extreme hardship（极大的困苦）是常用搭配，用来描述在雨林进行野外工作的艰难，精准贴合语境。suffering侧重（身体或精神上的）痛苦、苦难，更强调主观的感受，故选B。 21. Last year, Paul Miller ______ online when The Verge published his article ______ a unique personal experiment: going one full year with absolutely no internet. A. made something, explaining B. made names, detailing C. made waves, elaborating D. made an issue, listing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语及动词词义辨析。句意：去年，保罗·米勒在网上引起了巨大轰动，当时《The Verge》发表了他的一篇文章，详细阐述了一项独特的个人实验：整整一年完全不上网。A. made something制作某物，explaining解释；B. made names无此表达, detailing详述；C. made waves引起轰动，elaborating详细阐述；D. made an issue挑起争端，listing列举。结合后面的“going one full year with absolutely no internet”可知，Paul Miller进行了一项“整整一年完全不上网”的实验，这是一个引人注目、可能引发讨论的行为，第一空应用made waves“引起轰动”；结合空前的“his article”可知，《The Verge》发表的文章需要向读者清楚解释这个实验的来龙去脉、细节和想法，elaborating“详细阐述”符合语境，detailing意思与之接近。故选C。 22. Instead of yelling at smart phones, I should be marveling at the fact that, because they remember everything, I don’t have to ______ my brain with things like contact numbers and birthdays. I can turn my thoughts to more ______ things. A. crowd, delicious B. pack, effective C. cram, tasty D. squeeze, savory 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和形容词的词义辨析。 句意：我不该对着智能手机大喊大叫，而是应该惊叹于这样一个事实：因为它们能记住一切，我不必再用诸如联系人号码和生日之类的事情塞满我的大脑。我可以把思绪转向更有意思的事情。A. crowd挤满；塞满, delicious美味的；B. pack装满；塞满, effective有效的；C. cram装满；塞满, tasty 美味的，有趣的；D. squeeze挤压；榨取, savory美味可口的。cram：动词，意为 “填塞；塞满”，尤指为了学习或应对某事，把大量信息强行塞入大脑，带有一种紧迫性或过度填充的感觉。“cram my brain with...” 非常贴合本句语境，即因手机能记忆，无需强行往大脑填充琐碎信息。tasty：除了形容食物“美味的”，在口语中还可以表示“有趣的、有吸引力的”，可以用来修饰things。故选C项。 23. So let’s strike a deal: You, Mr. Smartphone, keep doing the great job you do; For my part, I will look up. I will take notice. I will stop. I’m going to breathe, savor, touch, feel and live without you for several stretches a day. If I love ______, I will let ______ go. A. you, you B. me, myself C. me, you D. it, it 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：所以，咱们来做个约定：你呢，智能手机先生，继续做好你擅长的事；至于我，我会抬起头来，我会留心周围，我会停下手中（与手机相关的事）。我打算每天抽出几段时间，去呼吸、品味、触摸、感受，在没有你的情况下生活。如果我爱自己，我会放你走。第一个空 me作 love的宾语，表示说话者自己；第二个空 you作 let的宾语，代指智能手机。故选C项。 24. I suppose the Almighty too grew weary, ______ scripture says He rested ______ the seventh day after creation, thus setting ______ humanity an eternal rhythm of labor and rest. A. as, in, / B. because, on, on C. for, on, for D. since, for, for 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查连词和介词。句意：我想造物主也会疲倦，因为圣经记载，祂在创世后的第七天歇息了，从而为人类确立了劳作与休息的永恒节律。as：作 “因为” 讲时，引导原因状语从句，语气比 because 稍弱；because：表示直接原因，语气最强，用来回答 why 的问题；since：表示 “既然”，引导原因状语从句，通常是对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成事实的理由。for：作 “因为”讲时，是并列连词，不用于句首，对前面的内容进行补充说明，符合语境。在具体的某一天前用介词on，on the seventh day 表示 “在第七天”。set for sb. 表示“为某人设定”。故选C项。 25. ________ Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated, set off by the smallest things, ________ it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle coming ________ flower — phenomena that once brought comfort now seemed to grate ________ her frayed nerves. A. As, when, to, on B. When, if, into, in C. When, whether, to, in D. As, whether, into, on 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词、介词、固定短语。句意：随着简年纪越来越大，她变得越来越焦躁，一点小事就会让她心烦意乱，无论是邮件送到、西风吹起，甚至是库塔芒德拉金合欢花盛开的悦目景象 —— 这些曾经能带来慰藉的事物，如今似乎都刺激着她脆弱的神经。As 随着；when 当……时；whether无论，不管；if 如果，是否。to 到，向；into 进入……状态；on （固定搭配中）对……产生影响；in在……方面。根据“Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated (随着简年纪越来越大，她变得越来越焦躁)”可知，第一空用As表伴随的状态变化；根据“it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle(是邮件送到、西风吹起，甚至是库塔芒德拉金合欢花盛开的悦目景象)”可知，第二空用whether与or搭配构成“whether...or...”的固定结构，表示“无论…… 还是……”；第三空“come into flower”为固定短语，意为“开花”；第四空“grate on”为固定短语，意为“刺激，使烦躁”。这四个空的词汇搭配均为英语中的固定用法，因此 As, whether, into, on 为最恰当的选择。故选D项。 26. Which of the following sentences is Correct? A. Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. B. Don’t trust such men as praises you to your face. C. They talked in such simple English that children could understand. D. He shut the window with such great force as the glass broke. 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和结果状语从句。句意：以下哪句是正确的？A. 凡是他所提到的人，都是诚实的。as引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，as代替先行词在从句中作主语，谓语were mentioned用法正确。B. 不要轻信那些当面夸赞你的人。as引导的限制性定语从句的先行词为men，为复数，as代替先行词在从句中作主语，从句谓语应为praise，而非praises。C. 他们用如此简单的英语交谈，以至于孩子们都能听懂。such… that…引导结果状语从句，从句应完整，其中understand是及物动词，后面缺少宾语。D. 他用力关上窗户，结果玻璃碎了。“the glass broke (玻璃碎了)”是前面行为的结果，应用such… that…引导结果状语从句。故选A。 27. Some movies depict futuristic technologies ________ are so reasonable and practical ________ they go on to inspire real-world invention and innovation, such as the iconic self-opening doors introduced by Star Trek. A. that, that B. which, as C. that, whose D. as, that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和结果状语从句。句意：一些电影描绘的未来技术是如此合理和实用，以至于它们激发了现实世界的发明和创新，比如《星际迷航》中标志性的自动开门装置。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词futuristic technologies，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，此从句用关系代词that/which引导；第二个空引导结果状语从句，为固定句型so... that...表示“如此……以至于……”。故选A项。 28. I appreciated ______ a cup of coffee in the sofa in the cozy room with sunlight ______ the blind — watching light dance on the pages of my book and the rim of the cup, letting the aroma and warmth seep into the moment, as if time itself ______ into something rich and lingering. A. having, coming to shine, was brewing B. to have, come to shine, had been brewed C. having, coming shining, had been brewed D. to have, to come shining, was brewing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在温馨的房间里，我享受着坐在沙发上喝一杯咖啡的时光，阳光透过百叶窗洒进来，光影在书页和杯沿上跳动，香气与暖意融入此刻，仿佛时光本身，都被酿成了醇厚而绵长的模样。第一空动词 appreciate 后接动词时，必须使用动名词形式，appreciate doing sth.，表示“感激/享受做某事”，因此排除接不定式的B、D选项。第二空为with 的复合结构：with +宾语+宾语补足语，sunlight与come为主动关系，用现在分词形式，同时come doing表示一种两个动作同时发生的状态，A选项的 coming to shine（表目的，来照耀）不符合此处描绘场景的用法；第三空as if引导方式状语从句，此处用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实不符的假设，仿佛时间被酿成醇厚绵长的东西，用过去完成时的被动语态had been brewed，故选C。 29. I ______ the first draft of my final essay today, a reasonable goal, carefully penciled ______ my planner at the start of the week; yet here I am, with the document still glaringly blank, all because I let the hours slip away, one after another, ______ an AI cabin project. A. intended to finish to write, on, building B. intended to finish writing, into, to build C. was about to finish to write, on, to build D. was to have finished writing, into, building 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词用法、介词辨析及非谓语动词。句意：我本打算今天完成期末论文的初稿，这个合理的目标，是我在本周初仔细写在计划表上的；然而现在我却在这里，文档依然一片空白，这一切都是因为我任由时间一小时又一小时地溜走，都花在了一个人工智能小屋项目上。根据“yet here I am, with the document still glaringly blank”可知，“完成初稿”的目标未实现，was to have finished doing sth. 强调“本打算做却未做”贴合“未实现”的语义；finish后需接动名词writing；pencil into the planner为固定搭配，指“把……写进计划表”；最后一空强调“时间溜走的原因是花在做项目上”，用现在分词building表伴随的动作，符合语境。综上，故选D。 30. Building a modern AI system requires a step called “post-training”, or reinforcement learning. The AI model ______ a set of challenges in tasks such as coding, ______ it is possible to easily and automatically check success. ______ it writes good computer code, the system ______. In time, the model learns to write better code. A. has given, where, If, is rewarded B. is given, when, If, rewards C. has given, as, When, rewards D. is given, where, When, is rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态、定语从句引导词、状语从句及主谓关系 句意：构建现代人工智能系统需要一个名为 “后训练”（即强化学习）的步骤。人工智能模型会被赋予一系列诸如编程这类任务的挑战，在这些任务中，成功与否可以轻松且自动地核验。当模型写出优质的计算机代码时，该系统就会得到奖励。久而久之，模型就学会了编写更好的代码。主语 The AI model（人工智能模型）与 give（赋予）之间是被动关系（模型是“被赋予挑战” 的对象），需用被动语态 is given。第二个空是定语从句，修饰先行词 tasks（任务），表示 “在这些任务中”，需用关系副词where。根据句意可知，第三个空是when引导的时间状语从句。第四个空：主语 the system（系统）与 reward（奖励）之间是被动关系（系统是 “被奖励” 的对象），需用被动语态 is rewarded。故选D项。 Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (1*30=30分) Section A (1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Toyota opens $10B “Woven City” in Japan to Test Life with Robots and AI Toyota has formally launched the first phase of ____31____ Woven City, a $10 billion “test course for mobility” built at the foot of Mt. Fuji. Intent & Function: A Living Lab for Future Tech Toyota positions Woven City not as a typical smart city, but as a living laboratory to test ____32____ (integrate) systems of mobility, infrastructure, energy, computation, and daily life. The aim is to gather real-world data and evidence to validate technologies before ____33____ (broad) deployment. Technologies under active testing include autonomous vehicles, robotics, indoor air systems that minimize pollen, and an autonomous robot capable of transporting vehicles between designated spots using lidar and camera systems. Scale, Timeline & Partners The Woven City site occupies part of a former Toyota vehicle manufacturing plant. ____34____ fully complete, the city aims to host up to 2,000 residents. A total of 12 Toyota Group companies, along with seven external firms and a musician, are part of the co-creation ecosystem. In addition to mobility and software firms, collaborators span sectors ____35____air conditioning, food & beverage, and electronics. Challenges & Forward Path Though heralded as a pioneering step, Woven City faces significant challenges: Scale vs. realism: The first phase is small in population, and technologies tested ____36____ prove reliability in more complex, larger-scale settings. Technology risk: Systems like autonomous transport, air purification, and smart infrastructure must pass rigorous safety and usability thresholds ____37____ technology transfer. Integration into broader society: Bridging from controlled test environments to real cities with existing infrastructure ____38____ (be) a steep transition. Going forward, Toyota intends to expand the co-creation network, scale infrastructure, increase the resident base, and gradually introduce public access. Toyota’s move to bring Woven City alive is a tangible marker in the ____39____ (evolve) landscape of mobility, infrastructure, and urban living. Whether it succeeds as a scalable blueprint for future cities will rest on ____40____ these experiments translate into everyday systems and whether the lessons learned here can be exported beyond their controlled environment. 【答案】31. its 32. integrated 33. broader 34. When 35. such as 36. must 37. before 38. will be 39. evolving 40. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了丰田公司在日本富士山脚下启动的“编织之城”第一阶段项目，包括项目定位、测试技术、规模合作、面临挑战及未来规划等内容。 【31题详解】 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：丰田公司已正式启动其“编织之城”的第一阶段，这是一个耗资100亿美元、建在富士山脚下的“移动测试场”。空格后Woven City为专有名词，指代丰田旗下的项目，需用形容词性物主代词体现从属关系，结合主语Toyota，此处用its表示“它的”。故填its。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：丰田将“编织之城”定位为并非典型的智慧城市，而是一个生活实验室，用于测试交通、基础设施、能源、计算和日常生活的综合系统。空格后为名词systems，需用形容词作定语修饰，integrate的形容词形式为integrated，意为“综合的、集成的”，贴合“多领域系统”的语境。故填integrated。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：其目的是收集真实世界的数据和证据，以便在更广泛部署前验证技术的有效性。空格后为名词deployment（部署），需用形容词作定语，结合before可知，此处指在更广泛的部署之前，broad的比较级broader符合题意。故填broader。 【34题详解】 考查连词。句意：当这座城市完全建成后，预计将容纳多达2000名居民。分析句子结构，fully complete为形容词短语，逻辑主语为the city，此处需用连词引导时间状语从句（省略主语和be动词），when表示“当……时”，能够顺畅衔接“建成”与“容纳居民”的时间关系。故填When。 【35题详解】 考查介词。句意：除了交通和软件公司外，合作方还涵盖空调、食品饮料和电子等行业。空格后列举了多个行业领域，此处需用介词表示“例如”，介词短语such as符合题意。故填such as。 【36题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：规模与现实的平衡：第一阶段的人口规模较小，所测试的技术必须在更复杂、更大规模的环境中证明其可靠性。结合前文“第一阶段规模有限”的背景，此处强调技术在更复杂场景中证明可靠性的必要性，must“必须”能够体现这种强制性要求，符合挑战分析的语境。故填must。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：技术风险：自动驾驶、空气净化和智能基础设施等系统在技术转让前，必须通过严格的安全和可用性门槛。根据逻辑，“通过安全和可用性测试”是“技术转让”的前提条件，before表示“在……之前”，能够准确衔接两个动作的先后顺序。故填before。 【38题详解】 考查时态。句意：与更广泛社会的融合：从受控测试环境过渡到拥有现有基础设施的真实城市，将是一个艰巨的转变。句子主语为动名词短语Bridging from...to...，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，结合语境可知，“转变”还未发生，应用一般将来时。故填will be。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：丰田让“编织之城”落地的举措，是交通、基础设施和城市生活不断演变格局中的一个切实标志。空格后为名词landscape（格局、形势），需用形容词作定语修饰，evolve的形容词形式为evolving，意为“不断演变的”，贴合“城市发展格局持续变化”的语境。故填evolving。 【40题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：它能否成为未来城市可推广的蓝图，将取决于这些实验如何转化为日常系统，以及在这里学到的经验教训能否推广到其受控环境之外。空格引导宾语从句，作rest on（取决于）的宾语，从句中translate为不及物动词，结合语义“实验转化为日常系统的方式”，how表示“如何、怎样”，能够准确体现“转化方式”这一核心含义，与后文whether从句并列。故填how。 Section B (1*20=20分) (A) Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. Was Mr Darcy the richest of all Jane Austen’s characters? A．secure B．conversely C．strange D．consequently E．background F．altered G．settled H．catch I．counting J．steady K．stretch Mr Darcy is handsome, smouldering and rich. According to the 1995 television adaptation of “Pride and Prejudice”, he is also an excellent swimmer. But in Austen’s next novel, “Mansfield Park”, she introduces a man in possession of even more money: Mr Rushworth. He is a clod, a “king” who appears “best in the ___41___”. But he is blessed with an estate spanning 700 acres (not ___42___ the water meadows), one of the best houses on London’s Wimpole Street and £12,000 a year to Darcy’s mere £10,000. It is fun to compare characters’ fortunes across novels. Doing so reveals “fiscal twins”, as Marilyn Francus of West Virginia University calls them. For example, Mr Bennet’s income in “Pride and Prejudice” (£2,000) is as large as Colonel Brandon’s in “Sense and Sensibility”: ___43___, then, that Mr Bennet has done so little to ___44___ his daughters’ futures. In “Northanger Abbey” James Morland can offer Isabella Thorpe only £400 a year. If she had ___45___ for that, she would have become the fiscal twin of Mrs Price, the poorest sister in “Mansfield Park”, who lived a life of clatter and chaos on what is reckoned to be a similar amount. The problem with these comparisons, however, is that the pound’s purchasing power was not ___46___ in the years between Austen novels. Harvest failures and recurring wars with France contributed to rapid inflation. ___47___, the demobilisation of soldiers in brief interludes of peace caused unemployment and inflation. Austen was aware of the problem. While revising “Sense and Sensibility” in 1811, she noted that “the incomes remain as they were, but I will get them ___48___ if I can.” It can make a big difference whether her numbers reflect the characters’ times or the year of publication. Some scholars, for example, argue that “Pride and Prejudice” is set around 1793-4 when militias were mobilised to protect Britain from possible invasion by France (“a whole campful of soldiers” thrills Lydia, the youngest and most feckless Bennet sister). “Mansfield Park”, on the other hand, is believed to start in 1808 or 1812. Between 1793 and 1808, the cost of living rose by over half, according to Charles Feinstein, an economic historian. That means the £12,000 flowing to Mr Rushworth in “Mansfield Park” did not ___49___ as far as the pounds accruing to Mr Darcy roughly 15 years earlier. Indeed, Mr Rushworth’s fortune was worth less than £7,900 at the prices prevailing in 1793. By that logic, he is not in fact the richest of Austen’s characters. Mr Darcy is a better ____50____. 【答案】41. E 42. I 43. C 44. A 45. G 46. J 47. D 48. F 49. K 50. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕简·奥斯汀小说中人物财富展开探讨，通过对比不同小说里人物的收入，指出因英镑购买力变化及小说设定时间差异，判断谁是最富角色存在复杂性。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：他是个呆子，一个在背景衬托下看起来才最好的“国王”。分析句子结构，“in the +名词”，此处需填名词，结合语境，表明他自身无亮点，需借助背景衬托才显得好，background意思是“背景”符合语境。故填E。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但他有幸拥有一座占地700英亩的庄园（不算水草丰美的牧场），伦敦温波尔街最好的房子之一，以及每年12000英镑的收入，而达西只有10000英镑。“count”有“计算在内”之意，这里用现在分词“counting”作伴随状语。符合语境。故填I。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，《傲慢与偏见》中班纳特先生的年收入（2000英镑）与《理智与情感》中布兰登上校的年收入一样多：那么，班纳特先生为保障女儿们的未来做得如此之少就很奇怪了。分析句子，it is (省略)作形式主语，真正主语是“that”引导的从句，此句需形容词作表语，结合语境，收入相当却没为女儿未来多做努力，让人感觉奇怪，“strange”意为“奇怪的”符合语境。故填C。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，《傲慢与偏见》中班纳特先生的年收入（2000英镑）与《理智与情感》中布兰登上校的年收入一样多：那么，班纳特先生为保障女儿们的未来做得如此之少就很奇怪了。分析句子，“to +动词原形”构成不定式表目的，“secure his daughters’ futures”表示保障女儿们的未来，secure有“保障；使安全”的意思。符合语境。故填A。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果她满足于此，她就会成为《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中最贫穷的姐妹普莱斯夫人的财富双胞胎，普莱斯夫人靠类似的收入过着嘈杂混乱的生活。“settle for”是固定短语，意为“满足于”，此处用其过去分词形式“settled”构成虚拟语气的条件句。分析句子，if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，用“had +过去分词”，“settled for”符合语境，指满足于每年400英镑的收入。故填G。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，这些比较的问题在于，在奥斯汀创作小说的那些年里，英镑的购买力并不稳定。“steady”意为“稳定的”。分析句子，“was not +形容词”构成系表结构，根据后文提到的各种因素导致通货膨胀，可知英镑购买力不稳定，steady意为“稳定的”符合语境。故填J。 【47题详解】 考查副词。句意：结果，在短暂的和平时期，士兵复员导致了失业和通货膨胀。分析句子，前文阐述丰收失败和战争致通货膨胀，此句说明结果，consequently意为“结果”，符合语境。故填D。 48题详解】 考查动词。句意：1811年修订《理智与情感》时，她指出“收入维持原样，但如果可以，我会改变它们”。“alter”意为“改变”，此处用过去分词“altered”，“get sth. done”表示“使某事被做”。“altered”符合语境。故填F。 【49题详解】 考查动词。句意：这意味着《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中流入拉什沃思先生手中的12000英镑，不像大约15年前达西先生获得的英镑那样值钱。分析句子，在该语境中，“not stretch as far as”表示在购买力上不如以前，“stretch”有“（使）延伸；足够买” 的意思，符合语境。故填K。 【50题详解】 考查名词。句意：按照这个逻辑，他实际上并不是奥斯汀笔下最富有的人物。达西先生是更好的选择。“catch”在这里可理解为“值得追求或争取的人或事物”。分析句子，前文讨论谁是最富角色，这里说达西先生是更好的选择，“catch”符合语境。作表语。故填H。 (B) Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. Urban Jungle Explorers A．roast B．manner C．biologically D．open E．loathe F．indifference G．rewilding H．ecologically I．literature J．tolerant K．crack Thousands of kilometres of creepy catacombs under the city of Odessa, Ukraine; derelict strips of brambles along railway lines in Amsterdam in the Netherlands; stacks of dead leaves piled around street-side trees in Baltimore, Maryland; vacant lots in inner-city Beijing; slimy greenish-grey films in a Parisian gutter; a lawn of astroturf in front of a Melbourne office building… City dwellers pass places like these on a daily basis — and look away in disgust or ____51____. When talking about urban nature, such unsightly spots aren’t what comes to mind — we think instead of pleasant city parks or grandiose urban ____52____ projects. And yet, real ecosystems are everywhere in the city, from the gutters to the rooftops and right under our feet. They are uniquely urban, with a yet-uncharted natural history, begging to be studied by a new band of community scientists. Cities are where all ____53____ of human environmental effects coalesce. Pollution from chemicals, plastic waste, noise and artificial light; roads and roadkill; the urban heat island; impervious surfaces made of concrete, glass, and brick; trade that brings in exotic species — all conspire to create urban landscapes that are, ____54____, completely different from natural habitats. But all these novel urban environments are real biotopes in their own right, ____55____ as exciting as rainforests, mountaintops and oceanic islands, with unprecedented ecological communities biologists are only just starting to uncover. Algae and microorganisms in street gutters are unique mixes of species ____56____ of heat and pollution. In the sewers and catacombs under cities live invertebrates (无脊椎动物) similar to cave organisms. Forgotten, isolated patches of inner-city vegetation may hide species driven to extinction elsewhere. And artificial lawns turn out to be ideal places for wildflower seedlings to sprout and live together. There is also brand-new animal behaviour to be observed. In Japan, Carrion crows use traffic to ____57____ walnuts on pedestrian crossings. In the Netherlands, lesser black-backed gulls ____58____ invasive crayfish on hot tin roofs. Sulfur-crested cockatoos in Sydney have figured out how to open garbage bins. And there is real, rapid evolution, from city snails evolving paler shells in which their bodies stay cooler-thus resisting the urban heat island-to lizards that evolve feet with better grip on slippery human-made surfaces. Even completely new species can be found in cities. In Salt Lake City, Utah, incessant gardening created a new biotope for a previously unknown ant species. And in the catacombs of Odessa, urban spelunkers discovered a new species of underground shrimp. The city is thus the next frontier for biological exploration. It is a completely new ecosystem, rapidly expanding all over the world, and created by the actions of a single species, Homo sapiens, a biological phenomenon unprecedented in the history of life on Earth. And city dwellers are watching it all happen. The time is right: the ____59____ science revolution has made scientific ____60____, software and data accessible to all. Universities offer MOOCs for anyone to obtain academic-level biology and ecology training. Community labs and nature clubs give their members access to kitchen-counter DNA kits and microscopes. Everything is in place for community scientists to discover the new, unstudied biological phenomena all around them in the cities where they live. It may be a way out for all those urbanites who feel they have become disconnected from nature. By opening their eyes to the uncharted habitats in their own street, living in the city can become a delight again. 【答案】51. F 52. G 53. B 54. H 55. C 56. J 57. K 58. A 59. D 60. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕城市生态展开讨论，阐述了城市中存在的独特生态系统、可探索的生物现象，以及社区科学家参与城市生物探索的可行性与意义。 【51题详解】 考查名词。句意：城市居民每天都会经过这样的地方，然后厌恶地或冷漠地移开目光。空处与disgust并列，作介词in的宾语，需填名词；结合“look away”的动作，可知此处体现对这类地方的负面态度，名词indifference“冷漠；漠不关心”符合题意。故选F。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：当谈论城市自然时，这些难看的地方并不会浮现在脑海中——相反，我们想到的是宜人的城市公园或宏伟的城市再野化项目。空处修饰projects，需填名词作定语；结合“pleasant city parks”可知，此处指与城市自然相关的项目，名词rewilding“再野化”符合题意。故选G。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：城市是人类所有环境影响的集中之地。空处前有all修饰，需填名词复数；结合后文列举的污染、道路、外来物种等影响，名词manner“方式；类型”符合题意，all manner of意为“各种各样的”。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查副词。句意：化学污染、塑料垃圾、噪音和人造光污染；道路和路杀；城市热岛效应；混凝土、玻璃和砖块制成的不透水表面；带来外来物种的贸易——所有这些共同造就了城市景观，从生态角度来说，与自然栖息地完全不同。空处修饰整个从句，需填副词；结合“completely different from natural habitats”，可知此处从生态层面进行评价，副词ecologically“生态上；从生态角度”符合题意。故选H。 【55题详解】 考查副词。句意：但所有这些全新的城市环境本身都是真实的生物群落，在生物学上和热带雨林、山顶及海洋岛屿一样令人兴奋，生物学家才刚刚开始发现其中前所未有的生态群落。空处修饰形容词exciting，需填副词；结合后文介绍的城市中的物种、生物行为等，可知此处从生物学角度强调其价值，副词biologically“生物学上”符合题意。故选C。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：街道排水沟中的藻类和微生物是耐受高温和污染的独特物种组合。空处作后置定语修饰species（物种），需填形容词；结合“heat and pollution”及藻类、微生物的生存特性，形容词tolerant“耐受的；能忍受的”符合题意，be tolerant of意为“耐受……”。故选J。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：在日本，渡鸦利用交通工具在人行横道上碾压核桃。空处前有不定式符号to，需填动词原形；结合“traffic”和“walnuts”，可知此处指利用车辆碾压核桃以便食用，动词crack“压碎；砸开”符合题意。故选K。 【58题详解】 考查动词。句意：在荷兰，小黑背鸥在滚烫的锡屋顶上烤入侵的小龙虾。空处作谓语，主语lesser black-backed gulls为复数，文章整体为一般现在时，需填动词原形；结合“hot tin roofs”可知此处指利用高温烤制食物，动词roast“烤；烘烤”符合题意。故选A。 【59题详解】 考查形容词。句意：时机已经成熟：开放科学革命使所有人都能获得科学文献、软件和数据。空处修饰science revolution，需填形容词；结合“accessible to all”可知此处指开放的科学革命，形容词open“开放的”符合题意。故选D。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：时机已经成熟：开放科学革命使所有人都能获得科学文献、软件和数据。空处与software（软件）、data（数据）并列，作obtain的宾语，需填名词；结合“academic-level biology and ecology training”可知此处指科学相关的文献资料，名词literature“文献；著作”符合题意。故选I。 Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (1*25+2*15=55分) Section A (1*25=25分) Directions: For each blank in the following two passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) An understandable ethics outcry greeted the June announcement of a software platform that offers aspiring parents “genetic optimization” of their embryos (胚胎). ____61____ by Nucleus Genomics’ CEO Kian Sadeghi, the $5,999 service, named “Nucleus Embryo,” promised optimization of traits like heart disease and cancer resistance, as well as intelligence, longevity, baldness, eye color, and left-handedness. It also promised to ____62____ what makes someone an alcoholic. That left some commentators feeling “nauseous.” Critics ____63____ that it “treats children as marketable goods.” As professional bioethicists, we would have those same concerns — if Nucleus Embryo actually did what it claims. But it doesn’t. Sadeghi’s Nucleus Embryo starts from existing technology, and uses that reliable foundation to then ____64____ the realm of fantastic claims that may persuade venture capitalists and wealthy but naive customers but don’t hold up to scrutiny when you start seriously poking around. Parents have long used preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to avoid serious hereditary diseases or major chromosomal (染色体的) problems. PGD is very expensive, and there are legitimate ethical concerns about who is able to ____65____ the technology and who is not. But there is little moral concern when parents use the technology to prevent passing on a serious disease. Now, some parents want more than health — they seek traits like intelligence, slimness, or longevity. Nucleus Embryo claims to screen hundreds of traits in up to 20 embryos for “genetic optimization” ____66____, there are no major genetic markers for many cancers or a truly definite set for heart disease, let alone for intelligence, acne, or longevity. Geneticists have known this for decades. Granted, there are hundreds of locations across the human genome where genetic variants have ever-so-slight positive or negative ____67____ with those traits, and information about what’s at each of those locations can be combined into one big measurement called a “polygenic risk score,” which many geneticists use for research purposes. But the clinical value of polygenic risk scores for even straightforward medical conditions like stroke remains highly dubious. Most of the research so far has been done almost ____68____ on people with Western European ancestry, so there’s little guarantee that the predictions work for people with family trees that trace to different parts of the globe. Even if Nucleus Embryo really let you optimize your potential child’s intelligence or steer clear of the dreaded left-handedness, then there would be some deep ethical questions to ask about designer babies, the ____69____ of genetics (优生学) and the marketization of children. But you can rest ____70____. There’s no danger of the genetically perfect ruling over the imperfect. The real danger is that a bunch of wealthy parents-to-be who are too eager to control their children’s biological future will spend $5,999 for a product that offers no such control, possibly avoiding perfectly healthy embryos out of fear they aren’t “optimized enough.” 61. A. Advertised B. Invented C. Proved D. Supported 62. A. pick out B. filter in C. weed out D. check on 63. A. protested B. rejected C. worried D. reported 64. A. dive into B. head for C. embark on D. leap into 65. A. realize B. obtain C. acquire D. access 66. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Moreover 67. A. relationships B. associations C. interactions D. affiliations 68. A. exclusively B. primarily C. partially D. unfairly 69. A. history B. legacy C. effect D. result 70. A. cozy B. ready C. easy D. confident 【答案】61. A 62. C 63. C 64. D 65. D 66. A 67. B 68. A 69. B 70. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕某公司“胚胎基因优化”服务展开讨论，分析其宣称功能、引发的伦理争议及实际并不具备所述效果的真相。 【61题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项售价5999美元、名为“Nucleus Embryo”的服务由核心基因组学公司首席执行官吉安・萨德吉推广，承诺优化诸如心脏病和癌症抵抗力等特质，以及智力、寿命、秃顶、眼睛颜色和左撇子等方面。A. Advertised推广，宣传；B. Invented发明；C. Proved证明；D. Supported支持。根据前文“a software platform that offers aspiring parents ‘genetic optimization’ of their embryos”及后文“promised optimization of traits”可知，此处指该服务被推广宣传。故选A。 【62题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它还承诺剔除导致某人酗酒的基因因素。A. pick out挑选出；B. filter in渗入；C. weed out剔除，清除；D. check on检查。结合前文“genetic optimization”及“what makes someone an alcoholic”可知此处指剔除不良因素。故选C。 【63题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：批评者担忧“将孩子视为可销售的商品”。A. protested抗议；B. rejected拒绝；C. worried担忧；D. reported报道。根据前文“That left some commentators feeling ‘nauseous.’”可知，这是批评者所担心的。故选C。 【64题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：萨德吉的“核心胚胎”服务以现有技术为基础，并利用这一可靠的基础，进而涉足那些荒诞的宣称领域 —— 这些宣称可能会说服风险投资家和富有但天真的客户，但当你开始认真深入研究时，却经不起推敲。A. dive into深入研究；B. head for前往；C. embark on着手，开始；D. leap into涉足，跳入。结合下文“the realm of fantastic claims”可知此处指该服务涉足这些不合理的宣称。故选D。 【65题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：植入前基因诊断（PGD）非常昂贵，关于谁能获得这项技术、谁不能获得这项技术，存在合理的伦理担忧。A. realize意识到；B. obtain获得（强调通过努力得到）；C. acquire习得，获得（强调逐步获得）；D. access使用，获取（强调有使用 / 获取的权利或途径）。结合下文“the technology and who is not”可知此处指获取、使用该技术的权利或途径。故选D。 【66题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于许多癌症来说，并没有主要的遗传标记，对于心脏病来说也没有真正明确的遗传标记组合，更不用说智力、痤疮或寿命了。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Besides此外；D. Moreover而且。前文提及该服务宣称能优化多种特质，后文指出很多特质没有明确遗传标记，前后为转折关系，However 符合语境。故选A。 【67题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诚然，在人类基因组中，有数百个位点的遗传变异与这些特质有着极其轻微的正向或负向关联，每个位点的信息可以组合成一个称为“多基因风险评分”的综合指标，许多遗传学家将其用于研究目的。A. relationships关系（侧重人际或事物间的联系）；B. associations关联，联系（侧重数据或因素间的关联）；C. interactions互动；D. affiliations隶属关系。结合上文“genetic variants”和下文“those traits”可知此处指两者间的关联。故选B。 【68题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，大多数研究几乎都是针对西欧血统的人进行的，因此很难保证这些预测对家族谱系追溯到全球不同地区的人有效。A. exclusively专门地，唯一地；B. primarily主要地；C. partially部分地；D. unfairly不公平地。结合下文“little guarantee that the predictions work for people with family trees that trace to different parts of the globe”可知研究是针对西欧血统的人。故选A。 【69题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使“核心胚胎”服务真的能让你优化未来孩子的智力，或者避免令人讨厌的左撇子，那么关于定制婴儿、优生学遗产以及儿童市场化，也会有一些深刻的伦理问题需要探讨。A. history历史；B. legacy遗产，遗留问题；C. effect影响；D. result结果。结合下文“eugenics (优生学)” 及伦理问题可知，此处指优生学带来的遗留问题或影响。故选B。 【70题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但你可以放心。A. cozy舒适的；B. ready准备好的；C. easy安心的，放松的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“There’s no danger of the genetically perfect ruling over the imperfect.”可知此处指可以放心，rest easy为固定搭配，意为“放心，安心”。故选C。 (B) On September 10, 2025, NASA revealed what may be the most compelling evidence of past Martian life to date. The Perseverance rover discovered a rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls” while exploring a (n) ____71____ riverbed that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago. This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings that scientists have ____72____ to explain through non-biological processes alone. The most striking features of the rock are its “poppy seeds” and “leopard spots.” These are tiny dark dots and larger light-colored splotches surrounded by dark rims. On Earth, these types of ____73____ are frequently created by microbial activity in sedimentary rocks. Long before Perseverance even launched, researchers predicted that if life had ever existed on the Red Planet, it might leave behind ____74____ these kinds of distinct, easily ____75____ chemical signatures in the Martian terrain. The presence of these spots likely points to a process of biological ____76____. To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron. In Cheyava Falls, the dark rims and “poppy seeds” are ____77____ vivianite, a mineral that forms when iron receives these electrons. Furthermore, the pale centers of the spots contain greigite, suggesting that after exhausting the available iron, microbes may have switched to consuming sulfate. This logical chain of two different energy-harvesting reactions strongly ____78____ how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet. ____79____ NASA has considered non-biological explanations, such as volcanic activity or high-temperature chemical reactions, none of them perfectly fit the evidence. For instance, the specific reactions needed to create these minerals without life typically require temperatures exceeding 150℃, yet there is no evidence the rock was ever that hot. Additionally, minerals _____80_____ by groundwater or nearby volcanoes would likely result in messy splotches rather than the _____81_____ spots observed by the rover’s high-resolution cameras. Despite this excitement, scientists remain _____82_____ because a definitive “slam dunk” requires more advanced tools than a rover can carry. The final answer _____83_____ the Mars Sample Return mission, a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency designed to bring these specific tubes back to Earth. Although budget _____84_____ place the timeline in doubt, Cheyava Falls remains the most “_____85_____” prize in the history of space exploration. 71. A. giant B. ancient C. mysterious D. remote 72. A. failed B. managed C. struggled D. hesitated 73. A. materials B. patterns C. colors D. landscapes 74. A. nearly B. roughly C. perhaps D. exactly 75. A. identifiable B. visible C. memorable D. adaptable 76. A. construction B. evolution C. circulation D. digestion 77. A. named after B. composed of C. centered on D. attracted to 78. A. reflects B. copies C. mirrors D. simplifies 79. A. While B. As C. Since D. If 80. A. created B. heated C. processed D. introduced 81. A. chaotic B. regulated C. organized D. colorful 82. A. pessimistic B. cautious C. disappointed D. calm 83. A. comes from B. lies in C. points to D. focuses on 84. A. cuts B. grants C. applications D. extensions 85 A. revolutionary B. innovative C. valuable D. promising 【答案】71. B 72. A 73. B 74. D 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. C 79. A 80. A 81. C 82. B 83. B 84. A 85. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2025年9月10日NASA公布“毅力号”在火星发现可能证明火星曾有生命的岩石样本及相关研究分析。 【71题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“毅力号”探测器在探索一条数十亿年前曾流入湖泊的古老河床时，发现了一块绰号为“Cheyava Falls”的岩石。A. giant巨大的；B. ancient古老的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. remote遥远的。根据原文“that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago”可知，这条河床存在于数十亿年前，所以应是古老的，故选B。 【72题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个特定的样本意义重大，因为它有独特的物理标记，科学家们仅通过非生物过程无法解释。A. failed失败；B. managed设法；C. struggled挣扎；D. hesitated犹豫。从文中“This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings”可知，这些独特标记仅靠非生物过程难以解释，即科学家在仅用非生物过程解释方面失败了，故选A项。 【73题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上，这类图案经常是由沉积岩中的微生物活动形成的。A. materials材料；B. patterns图案；C. colors颜色；D. landscapes风景。上文提到岩石上“poppy seeds”（罂粟籽，指小点）和“leopard spots”（豹斑，指大斑点）这些特征，所以这里指这类图案，答案为B。 【74题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：早在“毅力号”发射之前，研究人员就预测，如果这颗红色星球上曾经存在过生命，它可能会在火星地形中留下恰恰是这类独特的、容易识别的化学特征。A. nearly几乎；B. roughly粗略地；C. perhaps也许；D. exactly恰恰，确切地。结合语境，研究人员预测生命留下的就是这类化学特征，exactly强调正是、恰恰，符合语境，答案选D。 【75题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早在“毅力号”发射之前，研究人员就预测，如果这颗红色星球上曾经存在过生命，它可能会在火星地形中留下恰恰是这类独特的、容易识别的化学特征。A. identifiable可识别的；B. visible可见的；C. memorable难忘的；D. adaptable可适应的。根据后文“chemical signatures in the Martian terrain”可知，这里强调这种化学特征是容易被识别出来的。故选A。 【76题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些斑点的存在很可能指向一个生物消化过程。A. construction建设；B. evolution进化；C. circulation循环；D. digestion消化。根据后文“To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron.”可知，微生物通过从有机化合物向铁等矿物质转移电子来获取能量，这属于生物消化获取能量的过程，故选D。 【77题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在Cheyava Falls岩石中，黑点边缘和“罂粟籽”是由蓝铁矿组成，当铁接收这些电子时就会形成这种矿物。A. named after以……命名；B. composed of由……组成；C. centered on以……为中心；D. attracted to被……吸引。根据后文“vivianite, a mineral”可知，此句描述黑点边缘和“罂粟籽”的构成，是由蓝铁矿组成，答案为B。 【78题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一关于两种不同能量获取反应的逻辑链条，强烈反映了在我们地球上类似环境中微生物群落的运作方式。A. reflects反映、反思；B. copies复制；C. mirrors反映，像镜子一样映照；D. simplifies简化。根据后文“how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet.”可知，这里指火星上微生物能量获取反应链条和地球上类似环境中微生物群落运作方式相似，mirrors更形象地表达出二者相似如同映照一般，答案选C。 【79题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然美国国家航空航天局已经考虑了非生物的解释，如火山活动或高温化学反应，但没有一种能完美地符合证据。A. While虽然；B. As因为；C. Since既然；D. If如果。前后句是让步转折关系，While引导让步状语从句，符合语境，答案为A。 【80题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由地下水或附近火山产生的矿物质可能会导致出现杂乱的斑点，而不是探测器高分辨率相机所观察到的有规律的斑点。A. created产生；B. heated加热；C. processed加工；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“by groundwater or nearby volcanoes”可知，这里说矿物质是由地下水或火山产生的，created符合语境，答案选A。 【81题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，由地下水或附近火山产生的矿物质可能会导致出现杂乱的斑点，而不是探测器高分辨率相机所观察到的有规律的斑点。A. chaotic混乱的；B. regulated受管制的；C. organized有规律的，有条理的；D. colorful多彩的。前文提到“messy splotches”（杂乱的斑点），与之对比，这里应是有规律的，答案选C。 【82题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管令人兴奋，但科学家们仍然持谨慎态度，因为要得出确凿的结论需要比探测器所能携带的更先进的工具。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. disappointed失望的；D. calm平静的。从后文“a definitive “slam dunk” requires more advanced tools than a rover can carry”可知，得出确凿结论还需更先进工具，所以科学家持谨慎态度，答案为B。 【83题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终答案在于火星样本返回任务，这是美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局的一个联合项目，旨在将这些特定的样本带回地球。A. comes from来自；B. lies in在于；C. points to指向；D. focuses on专注于。根据后文“the Mars Sample Return mission”可知，此处表示最终答案取决于火星样本返回任务，lies in符合语境，答案选B。 【84题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管预算削减使时间安排存在疑问，但Cheyava Falls仍然是太空探索历史上最有前景的发现。A. cuts削减；B. grants拨款；C. applications申请；D. extensions延长。从“place the timeline in doubt”可知，预算方面出现问题导致时间存疑，cuts符合语境，答案为A。 【85题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管预算削减使时间安排存在疑问，但Cheyava Falls仍然是太空探索历史上最有前景的发现。A. revolutionary革命性的；B. innovative创新的；C. valuable有价值的；D. promising有前景的。结合全文，虽然还不能确定火星曾有生命，但这个发现很有潜力，promising符合语境，答案选D。 Section B (2*11=22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dr. Jane Goodall tells her changemaker story Most people ask when my love of nature began. I find the question difficult to answer, because for as long as I can remember, nature has simply been part of who I am. As a child, I spent hours observing animals, quietly watching birds until they no longer feared my presence. I was fortunate to grow up with a supportive mother, access to books, and constant contact with the natural world. Books first introduced me to Africa. By the age of ten, I announced that I would one day live among wild animals there and write about them. At the time, this ambition seemed absurd. Scientific careers were not considered appropriate for girls, and field studies of animals in the wild were almost unheard of. The idea was dismissed as unrealistic, dangerous, and financially impossible. Yet my mother offered me simple advice: if I truly wanted something, I would have to work extraordinarily hard, seize every opportunity, and refuse to give up. I followed that advice. Although I performed well at school, my family could not afford university, so I took a secretarial course and worked in London. Years later, that practical training proved unexpectedly useful. When a friend invited me to Kenya, I saved enough money to go, working various jobs along the way. There, by a stroke of chance, I met the paleontologist Louis Leakey, who was seeking a new secretary. My preparation, persistence, and long-standing passion for African wildlife earned me not only the position, but an opportunity to study chimpanzees in the wild. The work was far from easy. In the early months, the chimpanzees fled at the sight of me. Then one individual, later named David Graybeard, gradually lost his fear. Through him, I witnessed something that challenged established scientific beliefs: he used modified grass stems as tools. At the time, tool-making was considered a uniquely human trait. This observation drew international attention and allowed further research to continue. As I came to know the chimpanzees as individuals, I was struck by the similarities between their behavior and our own — kissing, embracing, holding hands, swaggering, males competing for dominance. Good mothers and bad mothers. They’re capable of violence and brutality, but also love and altruism. After two years, Dr. Leakey said he’d got me a place in Cambridge University, and it was at Cambridge that my first real task of making change happened. To my horror and dismay, scientists there told me I’d done everything wrong. I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names; they should have had numbers. I couldn’t talk about their personalities or minds or emotions because those were unique to us. But growing up, I’d been taught by my dog, Rusty, that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. My mother taught me if you think differently than someone, first listen because maybe they know things you don’t. If you still believe you are righter than they are, have the courage of your convictions. I stood up for my belief that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. And because of the evidence that chimpanzees are so like us biologically — we share 98.6% of their DNA — and the material I wrote about their behavior, the scientists simply had to move away from the reductionist way of thinking that we humans are the only sentient beings. 86. What was the possible reason for the author’s going to Africa? A. A lifelong academic ambition shaped by formal scientific training. B. A childhood fascination supported by books, family, and passion. C. A desire to escape social expectations placed on women at the time. D. A practical plan encouraged by clear career opportunities abroad. 87. Which of the following best explains why the author took a secretarial course? A. It was a deliberate step toward becoming a professional scientist. B. It was required by British authorities for overseas research work. C. It was a practical choice made in the absence of better options. D. It was strongly recommended by Dr. Leakey as essential preparation. 88. What was the scientific significance of David Graybeard’s behavior described in the passage? A. It provided evidence against the belief that only humans make tools. B. It confirmed that chimpanzees could be trained through human contact. C. It revealed how chimpanzees adapt to life in remote environments. D. It demonstrated the importance of long-term observation methods. 89. What can be inferred from the author’s experience at Cambridge University? A. Scientific traditions can be easily changed once new data is presented. B. Emotional attachment clouds objective understanding of animals. C. Academic recognition depends largely on formal qualifications. D. Challenging established views often requires both evidence and resolve. 【答案】86. B 87. C 88. A 89. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者珍妮讲述了自己自幼热爱自然，在母亲支持下坚持梦想，远赴非洲研究黑猩猩，推翻了“只有人类会制造工具”的定论，面对权威质疑时坚守信念，改变了学界对动物的认知。 【86题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was fortunate to grow up with a supportive mother, access to books, and constant contact with the natural world.(我很幸运，在成长过程中有一位支持我的母亲，能接触到书籍，并且能经常与大自然接触)”以及第二段“Books first introduced me to Africa. By the age of ten, I announced that I would one day live among wild animals there and write about them.(是书籍让我初次接触到了非洲。在十岁那年，我就宣称自己将来会去那里与野生动物为伴，并撰写关于它们的故事)”可知，作者前往非洲的可能原因是是童年时期对非洲的向往，这种向往受到了书籍、家庭以及个人热情的影响。故选B。 【87题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Although I performed well at school, my family could not afford university, so I took a secretarial course and worked in London.(虽然我在学校表现不错，但我的家庭无法承担大学费用，所以我参加了秘书课程，并在伦敦找到了一份工作)”可知，作者成绩优异但家境贫寒，无力承担大学费用，才选择学习文秘课程，这是无奈之下的务实选择，故选C。 【88题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Through him, I witnessed something that challenged established scientific beliefs: he used modified grass stems as tools. At the time, tool-making was considered a uniquely human trait.(通过他，我目睹了一件挑战现有科学认知的事情：他用经过改良的草茎作为工具。当时，制造工具这一行为被认为是人类独有的特质)”可知，大卫・格雷比尔使用改造草茎作工具，而当时学界认为制造工具是人类独有特性，这一发现推翻了该观点，故选A。 【89题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I stood up for my belief that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. And because of the evidence that chimpanzees are so like us biologically — we share 98.6% of their DNA — and the material I wrote about their behavior, the scientists simply had to move away from the reductionist way of thinking that we humans are the only sentient beings.(我坚持自己的观点，即动物也有自己的个性、思维和情感。而且由于有证据表明黑猩猩在生物学上与我们极为相似——我们与它们的基因有 98.6%的相同之处——再加上我所撰写的关于它们行为的材料，科学家们不得不摒弃那种认为人类是唯一有感知能力的生物的简化思维模式)”可知，作者在剑桥遭到学界质疑，但她凭借证据和坚定信念，挑战了固有观点，推动了科研观念的改变，说明挑战既定观点需要证据和决心，故选D。 (B) TOP HIKING TRAILS IN THE WORLD Posted on 04-15-25 Share From ancient stone paths to high mountain passes, these five hiking trails offer unforgettable journeys for adventurers around the globe. Before setting off, hikers should pay close attention to scenery highlights, access seasons, and reservation requirements. The Great Wall Trek — China Stretching across northern China, the Great Wall offers several trekking-friendly sections such as Jinshanling and Simatai. These routes combine dramatic mountain views with historic watchtowers. ●Best season: April — September ●Reservation: Ticket booking required for restored sections ●Facilities: Shops and rest areas near major entrances ●Note: Some parts are steep and uneven The John Muir Trail — USA Located in California’s Sierra Nevada, the 211-mile John Muir Trail (JMT) passes through Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Sequoia National Parks. ●Best season: July — September ●Reservation: Wilderness permits required months in advance ●Facilities: Limited resupply points along the route ●Note: High altitude and long distances demand strong fitness The Camino de Santiago — Spain Known as a spiritual pilgrimage, the Camino de Santiago is a network of routes leading to Santiago de Compostela. The Camino Francés, the most popular route, spans about 500 miles. ●Best season: May — October ●Reservation: Required for commercial filming and organized groups ●Facilities: Frequent hostels, cafés, and medical stations ●Note: Suitable for beginners and cultural travelers The augavegur Trail — Iceland This 55-kilometer trail connects Landmannalaugar to Þórsmörk, passing glaciers, hot springs, and volcanic deserts. ●Best season: June — August ●Reservation: Required for mountain huts ●Facilities: Huts and emergency shelters available ●Note: Weather changes rapidly The Inca Trail —Peru Leading to the ancient city of Machu Picchu, the Inca Trail combines archaeological ruins with Andean scenery. ●Best season: May — September ●Reservation: Mandatory booking via licensed tour operators ●Facilities: Guided camps and porters provided ●Note: Daily hiker numbers are strictly limited 90. Which of the following trails allows independent hiking without compulsory permits? A. The Great Wall Trek in China. B. The Camino de Santiago in Spain. C. The John Muir Trail in the United States. D. The Inca Trail in Peru. 91. Which of the following travel plans is NOT appropriate according to the information provided? A. Choosing the Camino de Santiago for a family interested in cultural experiences. B. Planning to hike the Laugavegur Trail during the summer vacation as an extreme-sports enthusiast seeking challenging natural landscapes. C. Selecting the John Muir Trail for beginner hikers who prefer making spontaneous travel plans. D. Walking along the Great Wall Trek for travelers who enjoy historical sightseeing. 92. Which of the following can best be inferred from the information provided in the passage? A. Trails with strict permit systems tend to offer fewer natural attractions. B. Long-distance trails generally require higher physical fitness than short routes. C. Access regulations for trails are influenced by environmental and safety concerns. D. Independent hiking is discouraged on most famous trails worldwide. 【答案】90. B 91. C 92. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了全球五条顶级徒步路线，分别说明其景观、最佳季节、预订要求、设施及注意事项，为徒步爱好者提供出行参考。 【90题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Great Wall Trek部分“Reservation: Ticket booking required for restored sections(预订须知：恢复运营的线路部分需提前预订门票)”；The John Muir Trail — USA部分“Reservation: Wilderness permits required months in advance(预订须知：野外活动许可证需提前数月申请)”；The Camino de Santiago — Spain部分“Reservation: Required for commercial filming and organized groups(预订须知：商业拍摄及团体组织活动需提前预订)”；The augavegur Trail — Iceland部分“Reservation: Required for mountain huts(预订须知：登山小屋需提前预订)”以及The Inca Trail —Peru部分“Reservation: Mandatory booking via licensed tour operators(预订须知：必须通过有资质的旅游运营商进行预订)”可知，The Great Wall Trek — China：仅修复段需要订票，无强制徒步许可要求。The Camino de Santiago — Spain：仅商业拍摄和有组织团队需要预约，个人独立徒步无强制许可。The John Muir Trail — USA：需要提前数月申请荒野许可，强制且必须。The Inca Trail — Peru：必须通过授权旅行社预订，强制许可，不允许独立无许可徒步。故，西班牙的圣地亚哥之路允许人们自由徒步，无需强制性许可证。故选B。 【91题详解】 细节理解题。根据The John Muir Trail部分“Note: High altitude and long distances demand strong fitness(注意：高海拔环境和长距离行程需要良好的体能状态)”可知，选择约翰·缪尔步道，适合那些喜欢随意制定旅行计划的初学者是不合适。故选C。 【92题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一部分“Reservation: Ticket booking required for restored sections；Note: Some parts are steep and uneven (预订须知：恢复后的区域需提前预订门票；注意：部分路段坡度较大且地面不平)”；第二部分“Reservation: Wilderness permits required months in advance；Facilities: Limited resupply points along the route；Note: High altitude and long distances demand strong fitness(预订须知：野外通行证需提前数月预订；设施情况：沿途仅有少量补给点；注意：高海拔和长距离行程要求具备良好的体能)”；第三部分“Reservation: Required for commercial filming and organized groups(预订须知：商业拍摄及团体组织活动需提前预订)”；第四部分“Reservation: Required for mountain huts；Facilities: Huts and emergency shelters available；Note: Weather changes rapidly(预订须知：登山小屋需提前预订；设施：提供小屋及应急避难所；注意：天气变化迅速)”以及第五部分“Reservation: Mandatory booking via licensed tour operators；Facilities: Guided camps and porters provided；Note: Daily hiker numbers are strictly limited(预订须知：必须通过有资质的旅行社进行预订；设施：提供导游服务和挑夫；注意：每日徒步人数严格限制)”可知，多条步道设许可、人数限制，部分标注天气多变、地形陡峭，这些管控规定受环境与安全因素影响。故选C。 (C) Should Teenagers Be Banned from Social Media? Debates over restricting teenagers’ access to social media often begin with an apparent contradiction. On the one hand, young people possess free-speech rights, and social media has become the most visible arena for public expression. On the other, there is growing consensus that social media causes real harm, particularly to children. The unresolved question, then, is not whether social media is damaging, but how far a society committed to free expression should go in limiting access to it in the name of protection. Earlier attempts to resolve this tension, such as Utah’s proposed age-verification law, revealed the difficulty of translating parental concern into policy without overreaching. Requiring government identification to access social platforms risked excluding not only minors but also adults lacking official documents, effectively narrowing participation in the digital public square. Civil-libertarian objections framed such measures as unacceptable intrusions on free expression, and for a time, that argument appeared decisive. Australia’s recent Online Safety Amendment Act represents a more forceful intervention. To participate in digital life, Australian citizens may now have to submit a fairly onerous series of age verifications. By effectively banning children under sixteen from major social-media platforms and imposing staggering fines on noncompliant companies, the law shifts responsibility from families to the state. Yet public reaction to the law reveals a paradox. Although a large majority of adults support the ban, many doubt its effectiveness, and even fewer parents intend to enforce it strictly at home. Early reports suggest that children are already finding ways to circumvent age-verification systems, highlighting the limits of technological enforcement. What seems most likely is not total compliance but a partial cultural shift. The law may function less as an airtight prohibition than as a signal of changing norms. We are currently witnessing a “politics of attention” where society can no longer remain neutral on what it means to live a digital life well. Increasingly, technology is seen as a powerful force that shapes attention, behavior, and values, often in ways misaligned with human well-being. This development is also reflected in what might be called a “quiet revolution” — not simply a change in policy, but a deeper moral realignment. This quiet revolution is already visible in school districts across the U.S. that have banned smartphones from classrooms. The growing suspicion toward smartphones and social platforms thus signals the emergence of a new national morality, one that questions whether constant connectivity truly serves a good life. Crucially, this moral shift is not limited to concerns about children. Anxiety over teenagers’ phone use masks a broader unease with adult lives that have become fragmented, relentlessly scheduled, and dominated by digital demands. A truly flourishing digital life requires a shift in norms for adults as well as children. If society cannot move away from private technology companies that incentivize cheap engagement, any rules dictated for the next generation will remain compromised. The challenge lies in rediscovering what to do with our newfound, offline time. 93. According to the passage, what was a major concern regarding Utah’s proposed age-verification law? A. It would have failed to reduce teenagers’ use of social media in practice. B. It risked restricting access to online expression for adults as well as minors. C. It placed excessive financial pressure on social-media companies. D. It conflicted with parental authority by transferring decision-making power to the state. 94. What paradox surrounding Australia’s Online Safety Amendment Act does the author highlight? A. The law enjoys political support but faces opposition from technology companies. B. Public approval of the law exists alongside doubts about its real-world enforcement. C. Parents support the law in principle but find it hard to enforce it at home. D. The law’s strict design contrasts with the ease of bypassing them by minors. 95. Which of the following best explains what the author means by the “quiet revolution” in the fourth paragraph? A. A gradual tightening of government regulations that aims to strictly control teenagers’ access to digital technology. B. A temporary reaction to smartphone overuse that will fade with the adaptation to new digital norms. C. A public backlash driven mainly by schools and parents against the economic power of tech companies. D. A widespread shift in social values that redefines how technology should be used in everyday life. 96. What position is the author most likely to take on current efforts to restrict teenagers’ access to social media? A. They are meaningful mainly as part of a broader shift in social norms, especially when accompanied by changes in adult behavior. B. They function primarily as policy instruments intended to weaken the commercial dominance of technology companies over public attention. C. They largely reflect short-term public concern and moral unease, with limited potential to reshape long-term social values. D. They are best understood as measures that should rely more on parental guidance and household rules than on institutional intervention. 【答案】93. B 94. B 95. D 96. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨青少年是否应被禁止使用社交媒体这一话题，分析了犹他州和澳大利亚相关法律的情况，提出当前存在一种 “安静革命”，即社会价值观的转变，且这种对社交媒体的态度转变不仅关乎青少年，对成年人也有要求，限制青少年使用社交媒体应放在社会规范转变的大背景下考量。 【93题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Requiring government identification to access social platforms risked excluding not only minors but also adults lacking official documents, effectively narrowing participation in the digital public square.(要求使用政府身份证明来访问社交平台，不仅可能将未成年人排除在外，还可能排除那些没有官方文件的成年人，从而实际上缩小了数字公共领域的参与范围)”可知，犹他州提议的年龄验证法主要问题在于它可能会限制成年人以及未成年人的在线表达机会。故选B项。 【94题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet public reaction to the law reveals a paradox. Although a large majority of adults support the ban, many doubt its effectiveness, and even fewer parents intend to enforce it strictly at home.(然而，公众对该法律的反应揭示了一个矛盾。尽管绝大多数成年人支持这项禁令，但许多人怀疑其有效性，打算在家中严格执行的父母更是少之又少)”可知，澳大利亚《在线安全修正案》的矛盾之处在于公众对该法律存在支持，但同时又对其在现实中的执行存在怀疑。故选B项。 【95题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“This development is also reflected in what might be called a “quiet revolution”— not simply a change in policy, but a deeper moral realignment. This quiet revolution is already visible in school districts across the U.S. that have banned smartphones from classrooms. The growing suspicion toward smartphones and social platforms thus signals the emergence of a new national morality, one that questions whether constant connectivity truly serves a good life.(这种发展也体现在一种所谓的“安静革命”中——这不仅仅是政策的改变，更是一种更深层次的道德调整。这种“安静革命”已经在美国各地禁止智能手机进入教室的学区中显现出来。对智能手机和社交平台日益增长的怀疑表明一种新的国民道德正在出现，这种道德质疑持续连接是否真的有助于过上美好生活)”可知，“安静革命”指的是一种广泛的社会价值观转变，重新定义了日常生活中应如何使用技术。故选D项。 【96题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A truly flourishing digital life requires a shift in norms for adults as well as children.(真正丰富多彩的数字生活，既需要儿童，也需要成年人转变行为规范。)”以及第四段“What seems most likely is not total compliance but a partial cultural shift. The law may function less as an airtight prohibition than as a signal of changing norms. We are currently witnessing a “politics of attention” where society can no longer remain neutral on what it means to live a digital life well. Increasingly, technology is seen as a powerful force that shapes attention, behavior, and values, often in ways misaligned with human well-being.(最有可能出现的并非完全的遵守，而是一种部分的文化转变。法律的作用与其说是一种无懈可击的禁令，不如说是规范变化的一个信号。我们目前正目睹一场“注意力政治”，在如何才能过上良好的数字生活这一问题上，社会已无法再保持中立。人们越来越将科技视为一种强大的力量，它塑造着注意力、行为和价值观，而其塑造方式往往与人类福祉相悖)”提到的社会规范的转变可知，作者认为限制青少年使用社交媒体的努力主要作为社会规范更广泛转变的一部分才有意义，尤其是伴随着成年人行为的改变。故选A项。 Section C (2*4=8分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Talking to Chatbots: What Teens Should Know How often do you talk to a chatbot like ChatGPT? A few times a week? Every day? Surveys suggest that more than 70% of American teenagers have interacted with one. These tools can feel like friendly listeners — always available, never impatient. Yet chatbots were not designed specifically for young people, and their risks are often misunderstood. Public attention is usually drawn to extreme tragedies. In 2025, a teenager named Adam Raine died by suicide, and his family claimed that his conversations with a chatbot contributed to the crisis. Such cases are shocking, but experts caution against focusing only on the most dramatic outcomes. ____97____ One illustration comes from Amanda Guinzburg, a professional writer who once asked ChatGPT to help polish a letter and assess samples of her work. The chatbot responded with enthusiastic praise, but something felt off. When Guinzburg pressed the bot, it admitted that it had not actually read her essays. From this experience, Guinzburg realized that chatbots are often designed less to provide accurate help than to keep users engaged and satisfied. ____98____ So here are a few things to keep in mind when you talk to any AI-powered tool. First, remember that your voice matters. Chatbots may sound thoughtful or empathetic, but this impression is an illusion. They do not have emotions, lived experience, or real understanding. Instead, they predict language based on patterns in massive amounts of text. ____99____ However, as English teacher Brett Vogelsinger explains, students should see chatbots as tools for learning techniques — not as standards they must compete with. Original human expression, even when imperfect, still matters more. Second, turn to real people for important advice. Chatbots do not judge and are always available, which makes them appealing. Some studies even suggest they can reduce loneliness. ____100____ Research has shown that they provide inappropriate mental-health support in about one-fifth of crisis-related cases. Third, be cautious of flattery. Chatbots are trained to agree and encourage, because people tend to prefer supportive responses. While encouragement can boost confidence, constant affirmation may prevent users from recognizing mistakes and learning from them. Chatbots can be useful and fun, but they should be treated with caution. As one expert advises, enjoy them as tools or toys—but never stop thinking for yourself. A. However, psychologists warn that this convenience can come at a serious cost in high-risk situations. B. Although chatbot companies promise improvements — such as upgraded systems and better crisis alerts — the basic way these tools operate, and how they may fail — remain the same. C. Tragedies like this should be viewed at least partly as failures of individual responsibility rather than primarily technology. D. Many of these risks emerge not from dramatic events but from everyday interactions that build quiet trust. E. This illusion can blur the boundary between simulated empathy and genuine human understanding. F. As a result, users may wrongly assume that chatbots can reason, feel, or judge like humans. 【答案】97. D 98. B 99. E 100. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍青少年与聊天机器人交流时存在的潜在风险，并给出三点注意事项，提醒青少年理性对待聊天机器人。 【97题详解】 根据上文“Such cases are shocking, but experts caution against focusing only on the most dramatic outcomes.(这样的案例令人震惊，但专家警告不要只关注最极端的结果)”可知，此处应衔接上文，说明风险并非仅来自极端事件，D选项“Many of these risks emerge not from dramatic events but from everyday interactions that build quiet trust.(这些风险中的许多并非来自极端事件，而是来自建立起无声信任的日常互动)”中的not from dramatic events与上文focusing only on the most dramatic outcomes相呼应，引出下文日常互动中的风险案例，符合语境。故选D项。 【98题详解】 根据上文介绍Amanda Guinzburg与聊天机器人互动的经历，以及下文“So here are a few things to keep in mind when you talk to any AI-powered tool.(因此，当你与任何人工智能工具交流时，有几件事需要记住)”可知，此处应体现日常互动中的风险引出后续注意事项，B选项“Although chatbot companies promise improvements — such as upgraded systems and better crisis alerts — the basic way these tools operate, and how they may fail — remain the same.(尽管聊天机器人公司承诺会进行改进——比如升级系统和更好的危机警报——但这些工具的基本运作方式，以及它们可能出现故障的方式——仍然没有改变)”既承接上文的风险问题，又为下文给出注意事项做铺垫，符合语境。故选B项。 【99题详解】 根据上文“Chatbots may sound thoughtful or empathetic, but this impression is an illusion. They do not have emotions, lived experience, or real understanding. Instead, they predict language based on patterns in massive amounts of text.(聊天机器人可能听起来深思熟虑或富有同理心，但这种印象是一种错觉。它们没有情感、生活经验或真正的理解力。相反，它们基于大量文本中的模式来预测语言)”以及下文“However, as English teacher Brett Vogelsinger explains, students should see chatbots as tools for learning techniques — not as standards they must compete with.(然而，正如英语老师布雷特·沃格尔辛格所解释的，学生应该将聊天机器人视为学习技巧的工具——而不是他们必须与之竞争的标准)”可知，此处应体现这种错觉带来的影响，E选项“This illusion can blur the boundary between simulated empathy and genuine human understanding.(这种错觉会模糊模拟共情与真正的人类理解之间的界限。)”中的This illusion指代上文的impression is an illusion，且衔接下文的转折内容，符合语境。故选E项。 【100题详解】 根据上文“Chatbots do not judge and are always available, which makes them appealing. Some studies even suggest they can reduce loneliness.(聊天机器人不做评判，而且随时可用，这使它们很有吸引力。一些研究甚至表明它们可以减少孤独感)”以及下文“Research has shown that they provide inappropriate mental-health support in about one-fifth of crisis-related cases.(研究表明，在大约五分之一的危机相关案例中，它们提供了不合适的心理健康支持)”可知，此处应体现转折，说明这种便利性在高风险情况下有代价，A选项“However, psychologists warn that this convenience can come at a serious cost in high-risk situations.(然而，心理学家警告说，在高风险情况下，这种便利性可能会付出沉重的代价)”中的However体现转折关系，convenience指代上文的do not judge and are always available，serious cost与下文的inappropriate mental-health support相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 Ⅵ．Sentence Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 101. 面对持续的失败，他不再努力，最终自暴自弃了。（abandon）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When faced with constant failures, he no longer made efforts and finally abandoned himself. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和固定句型。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；“面对持续的失败”可表达为when faced with constant failures，为状语从句的省略形式；表示“努力”用make efforts，“不再”用no longer；表示“最终”用finally；表示“自暴自弃”结合提示词用abandon himself。make efforts和abandon himself是并列的谓语，用and连接，故翻译为When faced with constant failures, he no longer made efforts and finally abandoned himself. 102. 景区里络绎不绝的游客所产生的噪音，其实等同于一场小型施工带来的影响，使周边居民抱怨无法睡得香甜（equivalent）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The noise generated by the continuous stream of tourists in the scenic area is actually equivalent to the impact of a small - scale construction, making the surrounding residents complain that they can't sleep soundly. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。“噪音”用The noise”，“产生”用过去分词generated作后置定语表被动，修饰noise，“络绎不绝的游客”表达为the continuous stream of tourists，“在景区里”是in the scenic area”。“等同于”表达为be equivalent to ，因陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，be变为is。“小型施工”表达为a small - scale construction ，“带来的影响”即the impact of...”。“使周边居民抱怨……”用现在分词短语making the surrounding residents complain...作结果状语，surrounding意为“周边的”，complain后接宾语从句that they can't sleep soundly，“soundly”表示“香甜地”。故译为The noise generated by the continuous stream of tourists in the scenic area is actually equivalent to the impact of a small - scale construction, making the surrounding residents complain that they can't sleep soundly. 103. 不少年轻人迫切想要做出改变以带来积极的社会变革，保守派却对他们吹毛求疵，认为他们太过稚嫩、缺乏规划。（desperate）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many young people are desperate to make changes to bring about positive social change, while conservatives are nitpicking at them, believing that they are too naive and lack planning. 【解析】 【详解】考查一般现在时和连词。不少年轻人”表达为Many young people，是句子的主语。 “迫切想要做某事”，使用固定表达be desperate to do sth，此句描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，即are desperate to 。 “做出改变”，表达为make changes，是desperate to后接的动作 。“带来”用bring about，“积极的社会变革”是positive social change， “却”表对比，用while连接两个对比的情况 。 “保守派”表达为conservatives 。 “对……吹毛求疵”，固定表达为nitpick at...，这里用现在进行时are nitpicking at，强调当下正在进行的动作 。 “认为”用现在分词believing作伴随状语，体现与“吹毛求疵”同时发生，“太过稚嫩”是too naive，“缺乏规划”表达为lack planning 。 故译为Many young people are desperate to make changes to bring about positive social change, while conservatives are nitpicking at them, believing that they are too naive and lack planning. 104. 随着数码信息的爆炸，人们可以轻易获取过量的廉价、简单、使人上瘾的网上信息供自己随意浏览。难怪人们很容易形成一种习惯，即在网上连续数小时不用脑子地从一份美味零食吃到另一份美味零食。(No wonder) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the explosion of digital information, people can easily access an overabundance of cheap, simple, and addictive online information for their casual browsing. No wonder it is easy for people to form a habit of mindlessly grazing from one delicious snack to another online for hours on end. 【解析】 【详解】考查一般现在时、介词及固定短语。“随着”用with引导伴随状语，“数码信息的爆炸”表达为the explosion of digital information。“获取”表达为access，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，所以“人们可以轻易获取”是people can easily access；“过量的”用an overabundance of，“廉价、简单、使人上瘾的网上信息”整合为cheap, simple, and addictive online information，“供自己随意浏览”表达为for their casual browsing。“难怪”用No wonder；“对某人来说做某事是容易的”为it is easy for people to...；“形成一种习惯”是固定短语form a habit of；“不用脑子地”表达为mindlessly；“在网上连续数小时不用脑子地从一份美味零食吃到另一份美味零食”形象描绘人们网上浏览行为，用graze from one delicious snack to another，“连续数小时”是for hours on end，“在网上”是online，即form a habit of mindlessly grazing from one delicious snack to another online for hours on end。 故译为With the explosion of digital information, people can easily access an overabundance of cheap, simple, and addictive online information for their casual browsing. No wonder it is easy for people to form a habit of mindlessly grazing from one delicious snack to another online for hours on end. Ⅴ．Guided Writing (20分) 105. Directions: Write an English composition of about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 人工智能技术辅助个体学习已经成为未来的教育趋势，目前很多学生借助其丰富的信息资源完成作业。你校校报正在开展以“学生是否应借助人工智能完成作业”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华，请你据此撰文，阐述个人观点与理由，并就中学生未来如何合理利用人工智能技术赋能学习提出具体建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Whether Students Should Use Artificial Intelligence to Complete Their Homework? In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), an increasing number of students are turning to it for homework assistance. However, whether students should use AI to complete their homework is a controversial issue. In my opinion, while AI can offer valuable resources, relying solely on it for homework is not advisable. AI-assisted learning has its merits. It provides vast amounts of information, helping students broaden their knowledge and gain different perspectives. Nevertheless, over-dependence on AI undermines the purpose of homework. Homework is designed to enhance students' independent thinking and problem-solving abilities. If students merely copy AI-generated answers, they miss the opportunity to develop these essential skills. To make rational use of AI in learning, students should first use it as a supplementary tool. Additionally, students should verify the information obtained from AI to ensure its accuracy. Finally, they should use AI to set up personalized learning plans based on their own learning progress and weaknesses. By doing so, AI can truly empower students' learning. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生所在校校报正在开展以“学生是否应借助人工智能完成作业”为主题的征文活动。请考生据此撰文，阐述个人观点与理由，并就中学生未来如何合理利用人工智能技术赋能学习提出具体建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 有争议的：controversial→debatable 确保：ensure→make sure 破坏；削弱：undermine→weaken 补充：supplementary→complementary 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：AI-assisted learning has its merits. It provides vast amounts of information, helping students broaden their knowledge and gain different perspectives. 拓展句：AI-assisted learning has its merits, which provides vast amounts of information, helping students broaden their knowledge and gain different perspectives. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】In my opinion, while AI can offer valuable resources, relying solely on it for homework is not advisable.(运用了while引导的让步状语从句) 【高分句型 2】For instance, when encountering difficult concepts, they can consult AI for explanations, but then they should think independently to fully understand and master the knowledge.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $