Unit 2 Natural disasters 动词不定式作定语和结果状语（单元核心语法精练）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 2 Natural disasters 核心语法精练（动词不定式作定语和结果状语） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空 2 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 3 三、根据所给的汉语提示，补全下列句子。 4 四、语法填空 4 五、用不定式改下以下句子。 5 六、翻译句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 6 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 7 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 (一)不定式作定语 1．不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作，其被动式为to be done。 The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 2．如果是不及物动词，其不定式后面需有相应的介词。 The Greens have a comfortable house to live in.格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3．有时，尽管是及物动词并且还带了宾语，如不定式所修饰的名词/代词是不定式动作发生的地点或动作发生所使用的工具等，该不定式后仍需有适当的介词。 Let's first find a room to put our things in.咱们先找个房间放东西。 4．中心词是序数词或被序数词(the first，the second)、最高级、the last，the only等修饰时，用不定式作定语。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 5．way，promise，plan，offer，decision，ability，warning等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语。 She said she had no plans to go there.她说她没有去那里的打算。 (二)不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语时表示谓语动作的结果。往往表示“令人意想不到的”意思，其前面加上only时以加强语气。 What have I said to make you so excited?我说了什么使你这么激动？ [点津]下列结构的不定式可构成结果状语：too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to，only/just to do。 I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home.我到了商店，结果发现我把钱落在了家里。 The boy is old enough to go to school.那个小男孩足够大可以上学了。 He is too weak to do the work.他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。 一、单句语法填空 1.Do you have anything 　　　　　(say) about the question?  2.(2025新课标Ⅱ)These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years 　　　　　(come).  3.(2025新课标Ⅱ)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 　　　　　(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine.  4.If you're lucky enough 　　　　　(have) someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them whether you can join in when it's possible.  5.(2025河北衡水期中)She realized that one of the great benefits of the phones was its ability 　　　　　(remove) the distance that usually exists between people.  6.(2025新课标Ⅱ)People often feel they are too busy 　　　　　(volunteer).  7.(2025重庆西大附中月考)They went to the store to buy the new phone, only 　　　　　(inform) that it was sold out.  8.Ne Zha 2: Demon Child Conquers the Sea has earned more than 15 billion at the box office, becoming the first Chinese film 　　　(achieve) the milestone.  9.My English teacher is so humorous as 　　　　　(make) every student burst into laughter.  10.The problem 　　　　　(refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution.  11.Our school's effort 　　　　　(meet) the demands of students for activities after class paid off.  12.If the building project 　　　　　(complete) by the end of next month is delayed, the construction company will make a loss.  二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. Dinosaurs have completely died out on the Earth, never__________( see) again. 2. The next train__________( arrive) is from Washington. 3. Would you be so kind as__________(do) me a favour? 4. He hurried to the booking office only________( tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. 5. He would be the last__________(agree) to the plan. 6. The boy is old enough__________( take) care of himself. 7. You were lucky__________( kill) in the accident, 8.I have a dream__________( come) back to Afghanistan( 阿富汗) and teach and serve people. 9. He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as_____________( build) a house. 10. The case was too heavy__________(carry)by a child. 三、根据所给的汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. He is not the kind of man____________________________(做这些事). 2.She can find no one to____________________________.(交朋友) 3.--The last one ____________________________(最后一个到的)pays for the meal. --Agreed. 4. The boy is old enough____________________________(照顾自己). 5. The meeting ____________________________(下周举行的) is of great significance to us all. 6. The little boy is too young____________________________( 而不能自己穿衣服) 四、语法填空 1.To tell the truth, everyone thought she was the most suitable woman ________(take) the job. 2.Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability ___________( focus), plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 3.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one __________( repair) first is the library. 4.He hurried to the booking office, only______________ ( tell) that the tickets had been sold out. 5.You may have chances _____________( meet) new people who'll become your lifelong friends. 6.--Who are you waiting for? --The professor________________( give) us a lecture in half an hour. 7. A housewarming party is a special party______________ ( hold) when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. 8.There are no more continents and no more moons ___________( search) for, little left to discover. 9.That is the only way we can imagine ________________( reduce) the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. 10.The lecture is coning to an end. Do you have anything________________(ask)? 五、用不定式改下以下句子。 1. He is so young that he can't tell right from wrong. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. The medical team that will be sent to this place will start off next week. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. You are the only person in this group of trainees who is admitted into our company. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The man who will hold the meeting hasn't been decided. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. You are so intelligent that you can solve the problem all by yourself. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. She is the first blind student that will study in this university. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, but found it didn't fit. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. He is not such a man as leaves his work half done. _____________________________________________________________________ 六、翻译句子 1.The lab _______________________(明年要建的)is still under discussion. 2.I went to ask him for help, only _______________________ (发现他很忙). 3.Who was _______________________（第一个到达）the top of the hill yesterday? 4.Practice is the only way _______________________(学好一门语言)， 5.I am terribly sorry. I _______________________ (无话可说)on this question. C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） A 　　On 17 March, Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, 　1　(teach) when the floor began to shake. Happily, all the students reacted 　2　(proper)—they moved under their desks and held on to the legs of the desks. When the shaking stopped, it was the best time for the class 　3　 (make) their escape. Miss Brown let her students exit the classroom in 　4　 orderly line with their hands on their heads. Soon, the whole class went to the playground with none of them 　5　 (injure). It was the practice of earthquake 　6　(safe) procedures that helped the students protect 　7　(they) during the earthquake.  On 20 December, the day began as usual on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on it. However, a 10-year-old girl noticed that something odd happened to the water, 　8　 was signs of a 　9　(come) tsunami. Although her parents just thought she was joking, she kept asking them to talk to a safety officer about the signs. 　10　 her relief, the officer rapidly cleared the beach of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. Thanks to the girl, around 100 people were saved.  B 　　Pompeii, a typical Roman city, was seen as a model of the whole Roman Empire. The glassy water of the port was 　1　(crowd) with trading ships, golden pleasure boats for the rich and the boats of the fishermen. Above all, Mount Vesuvius's ashy rocks, now dark, now light, might have warned the city 　2　 would happen.  At dawn the crowd looked upwards and saw a huge cloud 　3　(shoot) from the top of the volcano. Women started to cry, while men looked at each other silently. Then the earth began to shake, and beyond in 　4　 distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed 　5　(roll) towards them, throwing out ashes and huge pieces of burning stone. Each hurried 　6　(blind) and fearfully on, with family members separated from each other. The earthquake came 　7　 life in Pompeii ended.  　　Nearly seventeen centuries 　8　(pass) before the city of Pompeii was dug out. 　9　(it) walls were fresh as if painted yesterday. The remains survive to remind us that human 　10　(life) burn bright and short.  题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2026·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When was the last time you used cash? For many of us, it feels like ages. Have you ever looked 1 (care) at RMB notes? Today, we pay for bubble tea or meals with just a QR code or a tap of the phone. Banknotes seem to have disappeared. But they are a lot more than just money. Instead, they offer 2 (value) windows into Chinese culture. Take the ¥100 note, for example. Its background pattern looks very similar 3 a phoenix (凤凰) design on a piece of Warring States-period lacquerware (漆器)! In fact, China was one of the first 4 (country) in the world to use paper money. During the Song dynasty, people began to use notes 5 (call) jiaozi (交子). They had detailed designs, including dragons and phoenixes. Besides being beautiful, this made it hard to make fake money. Today, each RMB note features a flower that plays 6 important role in Chinese culture. For instance, the ¥50 note bears the chrysanthemum (菊花). This flower often carries the meaning of the hermit (隐士), especially because of Tao Yuanming, the poet 7 wrote the famous line “Plucking chrysanthemums by the eastern fence.” Another great example is the plum blossom (梅花) on the ¥100 note. This flower blooms in the cold of winter, 8 it often stands for strength, hope, and courage. It’s probably the most celebrated flower in our culture and 9 (appear) in countless poems since ancient times. RMB notes carry a cultural weight much 10 (heavy) than the numbers printed on them! B （2024·上海嘉定·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Day I Survived It had been raining buckets that week, and authorities had issued a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I had placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door just in case. As I was drifting off to sleep, I suddenly heard the sound of rushing water, 1 I were lying beside a waterfall instead of in my bedroom. When I 2 (swing) my legs off the bed, I was shocked by the sensation of cold water lapping against my knees and rising fast. 3 (feel) my way in the darkness, I grabbed my phone and turned on the flashlight. As I stepped out of my bedroom, water was shooting through the gaps of the garden door. The water 4 have gone over the sandbags, I thought. All around me, my things began to float: chairs, bookshelves, and pieces of my drum set. I heard the garden door starting to break down 5 the pressure of the flood, and the water was now up to my waist. I began to panic. In bare feet and with my shorts 6 (glue) to my body, I started to walk to my only escape: the door that leads upstairs. I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom 7 was floating behind me. Using it to pry (撬) open the door, I managed to make a gap of about a foot, just wide enough 8 (force) myself through. Finally, I made it outside. If I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned. The entire neighborhood was destroyed by the flood. Later, we 9 (assure) that something like this happens only once every 100 years. I hope so. It pains me to see 10 was once a lovely, cozy street now turns into a waterscape. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Natural disasters 核心语法精练（动词不定式作定语和结果状语） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空 2 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 3 三、根据所给的汉语提示，补全下列句子。 4 四、语法填空 4 五、用不定式改下以下句子。 5 六、翻译句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 6 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 7 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 (一)不定式作定语 1．不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作，其被动式为to be done。 The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 2．如果是不及物动词，其不定式后面需有相应的介词。 The Greens have a comfortable house to live in.格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3．有时，尽管是及物动词并且还带了宾语，如不定式所修饰的名词/代词是不定式动作发生的地点或动作发生所使用的工具等，该不定式后仍需有适当的介词。 Let's first find a room to put our things in.咱们先找个房间放东西。 4．中心词是序数词或被序数词(the first，the second)、最高级、the last，the only等修饰时，用不定式作定语。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 5．way，promise，plan，offer，decision，ability，warning等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语。 She said she had no plans to go there.她说她没有去那里的打算。 (二)不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语时表示谓语动作的结果。往往表示“令人意想不到的”意思，其前面加上only时以加强语气。 What have I said to make you so excited?我说了什么使你这么激动？ [点津]下列结构的不定式可构成结果状语：too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to，only/just to do。 I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home.我到了商店，结果发现我把钱落在了家里。 The boy is old enough to go to school.那个小男孩足够大可以上学了。 He is too weak to do the work.他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。 一、单句语法填空 1.Do you have anything 　　　　　(say) about the question?  2.(2025新课标Ⅱ)These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years 　　　　　(come).  3.(2025新课标Ⅱ)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 　　　　　(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine.  4.If you're lucky enough 　　　　　(have) someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them whether you can join in when it's possible.  5.(2025河北衡水期中)She realized that one of the great benefits of the phones was its ability 　　　　　(remove) the distance that usually exists between people.  6.(2025新课标Ⅱ)People often feel they are too busy 　　　　　(volunteer).  7.(2025重庆西大附中月考)They went to the store to buy the new phone, only 　　　　　(inform) that it was sold out.  8.Ne Zha 2: Demon Child Conquers the Sea has earned more than 15 billion at the box office, becoming the first Chinese film 　　　(achieve) the milestone.  9.My English teacher is so humorous as 　　　　　(make) every student burst into laughter.  10.The problem 　　　　　(refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution.  11.Our school's effort 　　　　　(meet) the demands of students for activities after class paid off.  12.If the building project 　　　　　(complete) by the end of next month is delayed, the construction company will make a loss.  1.to say　考查动词不定式作定语。不定代词anything后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to say。句意:你对这个问题有什么想说的吗? 2.to come　考查动词不定式作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰years,此处表示未发生的动作,应用动词不定式,故填to come。句意:这些影响并非只是短期的,而是已经得到证实会在接下来的许多年里对青少年的身心健康有影响。 3.to discover　考查动词不定式作定语。“the chance to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“做某事的机会”,动词不定式作后置定语,故填to discover。 4.to have　考查动词不定式作状语。此处为“...enough to...”结构,不定式作结果状语。故填to have。句意:如果你足够幸运,身边有喜欢烹饪的人,问他们你是否可以在可能的时候参与。 5.to remove　考查动词不定式作定语。ability后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to remove。句意:她意识到手机最大的好处之一是它能够消除人与人之间通常存在的距离。 6.to volunteer　考查动词不定式作状语。此处构成“too...to...”结构,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to volunteer。句意:人们常常觉得自己太忙而没有时间做志愿者。 7.to be informed　考查动词不定式作状语。“only to do...”表示意料之外的结果,inform与逻辑主语They之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be informed。句意:他们去商店买新手机,却被告知手机已经卖完了。 8.to achieve　考查动词不定式作定语。名词film前有序数词修饰,所以用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to achieve。句意:《哪吒2:魔童闹海》的票房已超过150亿,成为第一部达到这一里程碑的中国电影。 9.to make　考查动词不定式作状语。“so...as to...”意为“如此……以至于……”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to make。句意:我的英语老师很幽默,使每个学生都大笑起来。 10.to be referred　考查动词不定式作定语。句中已有谓语动词is,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,根据tomorrow可知,应用动词不定式表示动作将要发生;refer to与The problem之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be referred。句意:明天会议要谈及的问题是关于环境污染的。 11.to meet　考查动词不定式作定语。effort后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to meet。句意:我们学校满足学生对课外活动的需求的努力成功了。 12.to be completed　考查动词不定式作定语。根据“by the end of next month”可知,应用动词不定式作后置定语,表示动作将要发生;动词complete与the building project之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。句意:如果下个月底前要完工的建筑工程被推迟,建筑公司将亏损。 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. Dinosaurs have completely died out on the Earth, never__________( see) again. 2. The next train__________( arrive) is from Washington. 3. Would you be so kind as__________(do) me a favour? 4. He hurried to the booking office only________( tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. 5. He would be the last__________(agree) to the plan. 6. The boy is old enough__________( take) care of himself. 7. You were lucky__________( kill) in the accident, 8.I have a dream__________( come) back to Afghanistan( 阿富汗) and teach and serve people. 9. He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as_____________( build) a house. 10. The case was too heavy__________(carry)by a child. 【答案】1.to be seen 2.to arrive 3.to do 4.to be told 5.to agree 6.to take 7.not to be killed 8.to come 9.to build 10.to be carried. 三、根据所给的汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. He is not the kind of man____________________________(做这些事). 2.She can find no one to____________________________.(交朋友) 3.--The last one ____________________________(最后一个到的)pays for the meal. --Agreed. 4. The boy is old enough____________________________(照顾自己). 5. The meeting ____________________________(下周举行的) is of great significance to us all. 6. The little boy is too young____________________________( 而不能自己穿衣服) 【答案】1.to do these things 2 .make friends with 3.to arrive4. to take care of himself5.to be held next week6.to dress himself 四、语法填空 1.To tell the truth, everyone thought she was the most suitable woman ________(take) the job. 2.Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability ___________( focus), plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 3.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one __________( repair) first is the library. 4.He hurried to the booking office, only______________ ( tell) that the tickets had been sold out. 5.You may have chances _____________( meet) new people who'll become your lifelong friends. 6.--Who are you waiting for? --The professor________________( give) us a lecture in half an hour. 7. A housewarming party is a special party______________ ( hold) when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. 8.There are no more continents and no more moons ___________( search) for, little left to discover. 9.That is the only way we can imagine ________________( reduce) the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. 10.The lecture is coning to an end. Do you have anything________________(ask)? 【答案】1.to take 2.to focus 3.to be repaired 4.to be told 5.to meet 6.to give 7.to be held 8.to search/to be searched 9. to reduce 10.to ask 五、用不定式改下以下句子。 1. He is so young that he can't tell right from wrong. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. The medical team that will be sent to this place will start off next week. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. You are the only person in this group of trainees who is admitted into our company. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The man who will hold the meeting hasn't been decided. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. You are so intelligent that you can solve the problem all by yourself. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. She is the first blind student that will study in this university. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, but found it didn't fit. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. He is not such a man as leaves his work half done. _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.He is too young to tell right from wrong. 2.The medical team to be sent to this place will start off next week. 3. You are the only person to be admitted into our company in this group of trainees. 4. The man to hold the meeting hasn't been decided. 5. You are intelligent enough to solve the problem all by yourself. 6. She is the first blind student to study in this university. 7.She took the dress off out of the closet and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. 8.He is not such a man as to leave his work half done. 六、翻译句子 1.The lab _______________________(明年要建的)is still under discussion. 2.I went to ask him for help, only _______________________ (发现他很忙). 3.Who was _______________________（第一个到达）the top of the hill yesterday? 4.Practice is the only way _______________________(学好一门语言)， 5.I am terribly sorry. I _______________________ (无话可说)on this question. 【答案】1.to be built next year2.to find him very busy3. the first one to get to 4.to learn a language5.have nothing to say C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） A 　　On 17 March, Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, 　1　(teach) when the floor began to shake. Happily, all the students reacted 　2　(proper)—they moved under their desks and held on to the legs of the desks. When the shaking stopped, it was the best time for the class 　3　 (make) their escape. Miss Brown let her students exit the classroom in 　4　 orderly line with their hands on their heads. Soon, the whole class went to the playground with none of them 　5　 (injure). It was the practice of earthquake 　6　(safe) procedures that helped the students protect 　7　(they) during the earthquake.  On 20 December, the day began as usual on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on it. However, a 10-year-old girl noticed that something odd happened to the water, 　8　 was signs of a 　9　(come) tsunami. Although her parents just thought she was joking, she kept asking them to talk to a safety officer about the signs. 　10　 her relief, the officer rapidly cleared the beach of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. Thanks to the girl, around 100 people were saved.  1.was teaching　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,此处是“was/were doing sth. when...”句型,表示“正在做某事,这时……”,主语是Alice Brown,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填was teaching。 2.properly　考查副词。此处修饰动词reacted,应用副词,故填properly。 3.to make　考查动词不定式。设空处在句中作定语,修饰time,根据前面的最高级the best可知此处应用动词不定式。故填 to make。 4.an　考查冠词。line是可数名词单数形式,此处表示泛指,应填不定冠词,又因为orderly的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。 5.injured　考查过去分词。“with none of them 　5　”是with的复合结构,设空处作宾补,none of them与动词injure之间是被动关系,故用过去分词injured。  6.safety　考查名词。设空处作定语,与earthquake一起修饰procedures,表示“地震安全程序”,说明被修饰词的类别,故用名词形式。句意:正是地震安全程序的训练帮助学生们在地震中保护了自己。 7.themselves　考查反身代词。设空处作protect的宾语,指代the students,表示“保护他们自己”,应用反身代词。 8.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前为逗号,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为something,故填which。 9.coming　考查现在分词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的名词tsunami可知,设空处作定语,修饰tsunami,且动词come与tsunami之间是主动关系,故用现在分词coming,表示“即将到来的”。 10.To　考查介词。to one's relief表示“让某人宽慰的是”,是固定搭配,注意首字母大写。 B 　　Pompeii, a typical Roman city, was seen as a model of the whole Roman Empire. The glassy water of the port was 　1　(crowd) with trading ships, golden pleasure boats for the rich and the boats of the fishermen. Above all, Mount Vesuvius's ashy rocks, now dark, now light, might have warned the city 　2　 would happen.  At dawn the crowd looked upwards and saw a huge cloud 　3　(shoot) from the top of the volcano. Women started to cry, while men looked at each other silently. Then the earth began to shake, and beyond in 　4　 distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed 　5　(roll) towards them, throwing out ashes and huge pieces of burning stone. Each hurried 　6　(blind) and fearfully on, with family members separated from each other. The earthquake came 　7　 life in Pompeii ended.  　　Nearly seventeen centuries 　8　(pass) before the city of Pompeii was dug out. 　9　(it) walls were fresh as if painted yesterday. The remains survive to remind us that human 　10　(life) burn bright and short.  1.crowded　考查形容词。设空处作表语,应用形容词crowded。be crowded with...挤满……。 2.what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,作warned的宾语,从句中缺主语,表示“……的事情”,所以用what。 3.shooting　考查现在分词。此处为“see+宾语+宾补”结构,此处表示看到某事正在发生,所以宾语补足语用动词-ing形式。故填shooting。 4.the　考查冠词。in the distance在远处。故填the。 5.to roll　考查动词不定式。seem to do sth.表示“似乎做某事”。故填to roll。 6.blindly　考查副词。设空处与后面的fearfully一起修饰动词hurried,所以用副词。故填blindly。 7.and　考查连词。设空处前后句子结构完整,在逻辑上是顺承关系,应用并列连词and。 8.had passed　考查动词的时态。before引导时间状语从句,根据语境可知,主句的动作发生在从句之前,从句使用一般过去时,主句应用过去完成时,故填had passed。 9.Its　考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语,修饰空后的名词walls,应用形容词性物主代词,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Its。 10.lives　考查名词复数。根据从句谓语动词burn的形式可知,从句主语应为复数形式,故填lives。 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2026·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When was the last time you used cash? For many of us, it feels like ages. Have you ever looked 1 (care) at RMB notes? Today, we pay for bubble tea or meals with just a QR code or a tap of the phone. Banknotes seem to have disappeared. But they are a lot more than just money. Instead, they offer 2 (value) windows into Chinese culture. Take the ¥100 note, for example. Its background pattern looks very similar 3 a phoenix (凤凰) design on a piece of Warring States-period lacquerware (漆器)! In fact, China was one of the first 4 (country) in the world to use paper money. During the Song dynasty, people began to use notes 5 (call) jiaozi (交子). They had detailed designs, including dragons and phoenixes. Besides being beautiful, this made it hard to make fake money. Today, each RMB note features a flower that plays 6 important role in Chinese culture. For instance, the ¥50 note bears the chrysanthemum (菊花). This flower often carries the meaning of the hermit (隐士), especially because of Tao Yuanming, the poet 7 wrote the famous line “Plucking chrysanthemums by the eastern fence.” Another great example is the plum blossom (梅花) on the ¥100 note. This flower blooms in the cold of winter, 8 it often stands for strength, hope, and courage. It’s probably the most celebrated flower in our culture and 9 (appear) in countless poems since ancient times. RMB notes carry a cultural weight much 10 (heavy) than the numbers printed on them! 【答案】1．carefully 2．valuable 3．to 4．countries 5．called 6．an 7．who/that 8．and/so 9．has appeared 10．heavier 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人民币纸币不仅是货币，还承载着丰富的中国文化元素。 1．考查副词。句意：你有没有仔细看过人民币纸币？本空修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词carefully“仔细地”。故填carefully。 2．考查形容词。句意：相反，它们提供了了解中国文化的宝贵窗口。本空修饰名词windows，作定语，用形容词valuable“宝贵的”。故填valuable。 3．考查介词。句意：以100元纸币为例，它的背景图案与战国时期漆器上的凤凰图案非常相似。be similar to为固定短语，意为“与……相似”。故填to。 4．考查名词。句意：事实上，中国是世界上最早使用纸币的国家之一。one of+可数名词复数形式，表示“……之一”，故此处用名词复数countries“国家”。故填countries。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：宋朝时期，人们开始使用一种叫做“交子”的纸币。本句已有谓语动词began，空处需填非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰名词notes，call“称呼”和notes为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填called。 6．考查冠词。句意：今天，每一张人民币纸币上都印有一种在中国文化中扮演重要角色的花。play a... role in为固定短语，意为“在……中扮演角色”，important是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这种花往往带有隐士的含义，尤其是陶渊明，他写下了著名的诗句“采菊东篱下”。空处引导定语从句，先行词the poet，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 8．考查连词。句意：这种花在寒冷的冬天绽放，并且/因此它常常象征着力量、希望和勇气。空格前后为两个完整的句子，需要用连词连接；前后文是顺承关系，用and“并且”连接。也可以理解为前后文是因果关系，用so“因此，所以”连接。故填and/so。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它可能是我们文化中最受赞誉的花，自古以来就出现在无数的诗歌中。appear“出现”。根据时间状语since ancient times可知，用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has。故填has appeared。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：人民币纸币承载的文化分量比印在上面的数字要重得多！much用于修饰比较级，加强程度，根据much和than可知，此处用形容词比较级heavier“更重的”，作表语。故填heavier。 B （2024·上海嘉定·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Day I Survived It had been raining buckets that week, and authorities had issued a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I had placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door just in case. As I was drifting off to sleep, I suddenly heard the sound of rushing water, 1 I were lying beside a waterfall instead of in my bedroom. When I 2 (swing) my legs off the bed, I was shocked by the sensation of cold water lapping against my knees and rising fast. 3 (feel) my way in the darkness, I grabbed my phone and turned on the flashlight. As I stepped out of my bedroom, water was shooting through the gaps of the garden door. The water 4 have gone over the sandbags, I thought. All around me, my things began to float: chairs, bookshelves, and pieces of my drum set. I heard the garden door starting to break down 5 the pressure of the flood, and the water was now up to my waist. I began to panic. In bare feet and with my shorts 6 (glue) to my body, I started to walk to my only escape: the door that leads upstairs. I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom 7 was floating behind me. Using it to pry (撬) open the door, I managed to make a gap of about a foot, just wide enough 8 (force) myself through. Finally, I made it outside. If I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned. The entire neighborhood was destroyed by the flood. Later, we 9 (assure) that something like this happens only once every 100 years. I hope so. It pains me to see 10 was once a lovely, cozy street now turns into a waterscape. 【答案】1．as if 2．swung 3．Feeling 4．must 5．under 6．glued 7．that/which 8．to force 9．have been assured/are assured 10．what 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者经历洪水成功逃生的经历。 1．考查状语从句。句意：我正迷迷糊糊地睡着，突然听到哗哗的水声，仿佛我不是躺在卧室里，而是躺在瀑布旁边。引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as if，从句用虚拟语气。故填as if。 2．考查时态。句意：当我把腿从床上甩下来时，我被冷水拍打着我的膝盖并迅速上升的感觉所震惊。根据后文was可知应用一般过去时。故填swung。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在黑暗中摸索着前进，我抓起手机，打开手电筒。此处feel与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Feeling。 4．考查情态动词。句意：我想，水一定淹过了沙袋。此处表示对过去的肯定猜测，用must have done。故填must。 5．考查介词。句意：我听到花园的门在洪水的压力下开始破裂，现在水已经到我的腰了。我开始恐慌起来。结合句意“在……的压力下”可知短语为under the pressure of。故填under。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：光着脚，短裤粘在身上，我开始走向唯一的逃生之路：通往楼上的门。此处shorts与glue为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填glued。 7．考查定语从句。句意：我环顾四周，抓住了漂浮在我身后的一把扫帚。定语从句修饰先行词broom，在从句作主语，指物。故填that/which。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：我用它撬开了门，设法开了一个大约一英尺的缺口，刚好能勉强自己通过。此处为短语enough to do sth.表示“足以做某事”。故填to force。 9．考查时态语态。句意：后来，我们确信这样的事情每100年才会发生一次。此处主语we与谓语构成被动关系，可用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have，谓语用复数。故填have been assured / are assured。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：看到曾经可爱舒适的街道现在变成了汪洋一片，我感到很痛苦。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what。故填what。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $