Unit 2 Natural disasters 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 2 Natural disasters 教材考点精练 单元重点单词短语句型语法 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 重点词汇 1．disaster n．灾难，灾害；彻底失败 2．crash n．碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 3．signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 4．exit vi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n．出口，通道；离开 5．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 6．hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 7．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 8．odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 9．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 10．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 11．staff n．全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 12．flood n．洪水，水灾；大量 vt.&vi.(被)淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 13．otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此之外 14．unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 15．destination n．目的地，终点 16．beyond adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 17．pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 18．rescue n．&vt.救援，营救，抢救 19．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(建造于) 词汇拓展 20．injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n．伤害→injured adj.受伤的 21．reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.反应 22．orderly adj.守秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→order n．顺序 23．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.减轻 24．destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭性)的→destruct v．破坏→destruction n．破坏 25．inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉→information n．信息 26．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 27．scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 28．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→powerful adj.强大的 29．donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠 30．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n．好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 31．erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．爆发 32．import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口；输出 33．unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的→bear vt.忍受 34．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的 35．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；锋利地→sharpen vt.使锋利 重点词组 1．at large 整个，全部2．safe and sound安然无恙的3．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 4．keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静5．hold on to紧紧抓住6．at the same time同时 7．to one’s relief让某人宽慰的是8．blow away吹走9．inform sb.of...通知某人…… 10．in the face of面临……11．run out of 用完；耗尽12．take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式13．break out突然开始；爆发14．far and wide到处，各处15．in detail详细地16．flood in涌入17．along with和……一起18．in all directions朝着四面八方 19．above all最重要的是20．in the distance在远处 重点句型 1．地板开始摇晃时，艾丽斯·布朗，弗尔蒙特小学的班主任，正在上课。 Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 2．同时，布朗老师迅速打开教室门，以防门在摇晃期间被破坏，打不开了。 At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 3．摇晃刚一停止，布朗老师就觉察到这是全班学生逃离的最佳时刻。 The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 4．点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊， 互相拥抱着。 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 5．正如你能想象的，有点令人震惊。 As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock. 6．爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，妈妈正在把重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 7．火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 8．然后地震来了……庞贝城的生命结束了。 So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii. 9．它的墙好像昨天刚刚粉刷过；富丽堂皇的地板上没有一点颜色变化。 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 语法 动词不定式 一．根据汉语与首字母提示填写单词（20分） 1．The soldiers r (拯救) the man from the flood. 2．The Red Cross Society of China is s (提供) the area with doctors and medical supplies. 3．The plane appeared to have (碰撞) because of a mechanical problem. 4．The activity will take place in the c (会议) hall of our school library at 7:00 pm next Friday. 5．He only has a loyal dog to (陪伴) and drive away his loneliness. 6．Sending people to other planets or even (在更远处) the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 7．We should try our best to （减少）waste and protect the environment in daily life. 8．There is some confusion about what the correct (步骤) should be. 9．He handed me the (文件) without comment. 10．The black box showed why the plane had (坠毁). 11．Be certain to eat slowly and chew your food extremely well in order to d it better. 12．It was confirmed that a mild earthquake o at 6:37 p.m. on Saturday evening in Hebei Province, causing no damage. 13．After a long and tiring journey, we finally reached the d as the sun set. 14．The earthquake is one of the worst natural d in the area. 15．The d between the two cities is about 500 kilometers, which can be covered by high-speed train in 2 hours. 16．The team will c whether the new drug is effective for the disease. 17．They developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to m relationships. 18．I am c about everything and I want to know more about them. 19．The soldiers r the man from the flood. 20．Hearing the news that all the villagers were killed in the flood, we were all in s . 二．单句语法填空（15） 1．Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the chance our friendship. (promote) 2．To her great (relieve), the final exam turned out to be much easier than she had expected. 3．Everyone (shock) by the news of his victory, the whole school celebrated wildly. 4． (maintain) a healthy social life, I’d like to see people in person instead of on social media. 5．Because of the height and the location of the bridge, many special steps had to be taken (make) sure it would be safe. 6．The program was launched to invite participants (explore) the essence of beauty and Eastern philosophical outlooks shown in art. 7．China is recognized as the first country in the world (raise) silkworms (蚕). 8．At the local level, 18 provinces have introduced policies (support) and manage these workshops, offering funding, marketing assistance, and resource management. 9．Yet, I believe I will always miss China when the time comes for me (leave) the country. 10．She sees her “relic makeup” as the perfect way (integrate) her artistic skills with her passion for culture. 11．Dr. Goodall was the first scientist (explain) to the world that chimpanzee mothers are capable of giving birth only once every four and a half to six years. 12．Unlike the dopamine (多巴胺) dressing trend of 2023, where people dressed themselves in bright and vivid colors (express) joy, Tyndall represents a much more complicated approach to matching outfits. 13．Goodall established her own institute in 1977, working closely with Gombe National Park’s surrounding communities (advance) human prospects and guard natural treasures. 14．This motivated him to rush between photo spots (make) the most of the conditions. 15．The spokesperson expects the bridge (become) a sightseeing spot and attract more than a million visitors a year. 三．根据所给的中文完成句子（15分） 1．It suddenly    (想到，出现在脑海中) me that I had left my keys in the classroom. 2． (配备, 使有能力) its medical students with hands-on surgical experience, the university built a state-of-the-art laboratory. 3．He has to work twice as hard as the other children to (弥补，补偿) his lack of natural ability. 4．You need to (不断努力) train your mind and develop your character. 5．The (破坏性的) tornado swept through the small town, leaving a trail of damaged houses and broken trees. 6． , the officer immediately realized the coming danger.(使她大为宽慰的是) 7．His anger seemed   icy silence. (呈现……的形式) 8．With the deadline approaching, (突然想起) her that she had forgotten to include the most important data in her report. 9． (令我宽慰的是), my father recovered from the heart attack. 10．The news of their victory spread (各处), bringing joy to everyone who heard it. 11．The children were lost for hours, but thankfully, they returned (安然无恙). 12．Many people walked to the streets (抗议) the war, holding signs and shouting slogans. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 13． (我从未想过) you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 14． (已证实) the mammals were dead before they landed on the beach. 15．They turned up (平安无事). 四.完成句子（16分） 1．He was standing by the window when he saw a plane the building. 他正站在窗边，这时看到一架飞机撞向了那座大楼。 2．You’d better not borrow her money now. 你最好不要借她的钱，万一她现在很穷呢。 3．All the students ran out of the classroom the earthquake occurred. 地震一发生，所有学生都跑出了教室。 4． she could tell her mother about her former boyfriend. 她突然想到，可以告诉妈妈关于前男友的事情。 5．The villager looked so shocked and he . 这个村民看上去那么震惊，他或许已经知道了全部的事情。 6．The old temple is well preserved . 那座古庙保存得很好，而那口古井却破败不堪。 7．The woman looked so scared . 那个女人看上去那么害怕，好像她见鬼了似的。 8．The travellers ，so they had to give up their trip. 那些旅行者的食物快用完了，所以他们只好放弃旅行。 五．语法训练（16分） A.单句语法填空 1．Attention，please! I have something important (tell) you. 2．The old man fetched a hard bench for us sit) on. 3．The guide told us that the village (visit) the next day was very old. 4．The fans ran to the station，only (tell) that the star had left. 5．The player was excellent enough (win) the prize. B.完成句子 6．The firefighter cut off the wire， . 这名消防员剪断了电线，阻止了另一场大火的发生。 7．I’d like to，but I have some emails . 我愿意去，但是今晚我有一些电子邮件需要回复。 8．She realized that he had something . 她意识到他有些事情要和她分享。 9．In fact，he was clever enough . 事实上，他很聪明，能算出那道题。 10．The children hurried to the school， . 孩子们匆忙赶到学校，却发现大门锁着。 C.阅读下面短文，写出画线部分所作的句子成分 My father was born in a small village and he was the first student 11.to be admitted into a key university in his village.When he was in university，he worked hard enough 12.to win the first prize many times.His teachers and his classmates thought highly of him，for he always tried his best 13.to help others when they were in trouble.One of his teachers got him 14.to help his deskmate with his English and he was always patient.His deskmate made great progress in his English，so he was very grateful.He decided 15.to treat my father to a big dinner.However，when they got to their favorite restaurant，only 16.to be told that the restaurant had been closed.They had to go to the cinema instead in the end. 六．语法填空（20分） A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Floods are common and 1 (frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods — usually heavy rainfall or melting snow — are 2 (avoidable), knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference. Before a flood occurs, we must work 3 (reduce) the risk to people and their valuables. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies 4 melded a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the 5 (up) levels of your house. During a flood, it’s important to leave 6 you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger you’ll be in. Be sure to move to 7 (high) ground. If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Don’t walk 8 drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down. and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away. 9 a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible dangers. The flood may have damaged roads and power lines. Keep away from the floodwater, because it may 10 (pollute) and unsafe to touch. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A fire burned up a large part of a forest in the north of Italy on Saturday. Thousands of trees were burned in one of the 1 (bad) forest fires in the country’s history. The fire started early 2 Saturday afternoon after a long period of drought. The fire very quickly burned vast areas of forest due to high winds. Firefighters battled on foot and from the air for several hours, 3 (try) to bring the fire under control. By the time this was achieved, however, a large part of the forest 4 (destroy) totally. The smoke from the fire formed such a large dark cloud that it was said 5 (turn) day into night. Several people sustained an injury in the fire, but 6 (fortunate) no one was killed. Rescue workers have picked up 7 (injure) people by helicopter and taken them to the nearest hospitals. People are also worried that many animals have lost their homes 8 were killed in the fire. 9 project will be set up to clear the area in order that the local government can begin planting trees as soon as possible. “It’s a 10 (shock) disaster,” a firefighter said. It will take years for the forest to grow back again. 1 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Natural disasters 教材考点精练 单元重点单词短语句型语法 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 重点词汇 1．disaster n．灾难，灾害；彻底失败 2．crash n．碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 3．signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 4．exit vi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n．出口，通道；离开 5．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 6．hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 7．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 8．odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 9．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 10．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 11．staff n．全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 12．flood n．洪水，水灾；大量 vt.&vi.(被)淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 13．otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此之外 14．unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 15．destination n．目的地，终点 16．beyond adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 17．pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 18．rescue n．&vt.救援，营救，抢救 19．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(建造于) 词汇拓展 20．injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n．伤害→injured adj.受伤的 21．reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.反应 22．orderly adj.守秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→order n．顺序 23．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.减轻 24．destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭性)的→destruct v．破坏→destruction n．破坏 25．inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉→information n．信息 26．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 27．scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 28．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→powerful adj.强大的 29．donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠 30．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n．好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 31．erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．爆发 32．import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口；输出 33．unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的→bear vt.忍受 34．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的 35．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；锋利地→sharpen vt.使锋利 重点词组 1．at large 整个，全部2．safe and sound安然无恙的3．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 4．keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静5．hold on to紧紧抓住6．at the same time同时 7．to one’s relief让某人宽慰的是8．blow away吹走9．inform sb.of...通知某人…… 10．in the face of面临……11．run out of 用完；耗尽12．take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式13．break out突然开始；爆发14．far and wide到处，各处15．in detail详细地16．flood in涌入17．along with和……一起18．in all directions朝着四面八方 19．above all最重要的是20．in the distance在远处 重点句型 1．地板开始摇晃时，艾丽斯·布朗，弗尔蒙特小学的班主任，正在上课。 Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 2．同时，布朗老师迅速打开教室门，以防门在摇晃期间被破坏，打不开了。 At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 3．摇晃刚一停止，布朗老师就觉察到这是全班学生逃离的最佳时刻。 The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 4．点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊， 互相拥抱着。 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 5．正如你能想象的，有点令人震惊。 As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock. 6．爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，妈妈正在把重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 7．火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 8．然后地震来了……庞贝城的生命结束了。 So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii. 9．它的墙好像昨天刚刚粉刷过；富丽堂皇的地板上没有一点颜色变化。 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 语法 动词不定式 一．根据汉语与首字母提示填写单词（20分） 1．The soldiers r (拯救) the man from the flood. 【答案】rescued/escued 【详解】考查动词。句意：士兵们从洪水中救出了那个人。根据所给中英文提示可知，此处应用动词“rescue营救”在句中作谓语动词，主语为The soldiers，与rescue之间为主动关系，且此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故填rescued。 2．The Red Cross Society of China is s (提供) the area with doctors and medical supplies. 【答案】supplying/upplying 【详解】考查动词。句意：中国红十字会正在向该地区提供医生和医疗物资。根据中英文提示可知用动词supply，根据上文is可知为现在进行时。故填supplying。 3．The plane appeared to have (碰撞) because of a mechanical problem. 【答案】crashed 【详解】考查动词。句意：飞机似乎因机械故障坠毁了。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用动词crash，且根据空前的have可知，此处为完成时have done结构，故填crashed。 4．The activity will take place in the c (会议) hall of our school library at 7:00 pm next Friday. 【答案】conference/onference 【详解】考查名词。句意：活动将于下周五晚上7点在我校图书馆的会议厅举行。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词hall，需填名词作定语；根据首字母“c”、汉语提示“会议”及句意可知，此处为名词conference意为“会议”。故填conference。 5．He only has a loyal dog to (陪伴) and drive away his loneliness. 【答案】accompany 【详解】考查动词。句意：他身边只有一只忠心的狗相伴，为他驱散孤独。表示“陪伴”应用动词accompany，位于不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填accompany。 6．Sending people to other planets or even (在更远处) the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：将人类送往其他星球，甚至前往太阳系之外的其他星系，这并非一个容易实现的目标。根据汉语提示可知用介词beyond，后跟名词作宾语。故填beyond。 7．We should try our best to （减少）waste and protect the environment in daily life. 【答案】reduce/decrease 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在日常生活中应尽最大努力减少浪费并保护环境。根据句意和汉语提示，应填reduce或者decrease，表示“减少”，try one's best to do sth.“尽力做某事”，接不定式作目的状语，故填reduce/decrease。 8．There is some confusion about what the correct (步骤) should be. 【答案】procedure 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于正确的步骤应该是什么，存在一些困惑。根据汉语提示“步骤”以及前面的定冠词the，此处为名词procedure作主语。故填procedure。 9．He handed me the (文件) without comment. 【答案】document 【详解】考查名词。句意：他默默地把那份文件递给了我。此处表示“文件”应用名词document，此处特指“那份文件”，用单数名词作宾语。故填document。 10．The black box showed why the plane had (坠毁). 【答案】crashed 【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：黑匣子显示了这架飞机失事的原因。该空需要一个动词在why引导的宾语从句中作谓语，根据汉语提示，动词crash意为“坠毁；撞击”，符合题意；根据语境，该动作发生早于主句谓语动词showed，应使用过去完成时态，助动词had已给出，该空应填crash的过去分词形式。故填crashed。 11．Be certain to eat slowly and chew your food extremely well in order to d it better. 【答案】digest/igest 【详解】考查动词。句意：——一定要吃得慢，把食物嚼得很碎，以便能更好地消化食物。结合首字母及语境，此处为动词digest意为“消化”符合语境，位于不定式符号to之后，此处使用动词原形。故填digest。 12．It was confirmed that a mild earthquake o at 6:37 p.m. on Saturday evening in Hebei Province, causing no damage. 【答案】occurred/ccurred 【详解】考查动词。句意：经证实，河北省在周六晚上6点37分发生了一次轻微地震，没有造成任何破坏。根据句意“发生”和首字母可知，此处为动词occur，结合时间状语“at 6:37 p.m. on Saturday evening”可知，使用一般过去时。故填occurred。 13．After a long and tiring journey, we finally reached the d as the sun set. 【答案】destination/estination 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过漫长又疲惫的旅程，我们终于在日落时分抵达了目的地。根据首字母d及句意“目的地”，对应的英文名词是destination，作宾语。故填destination。 14．The earthquake is one of the worst natural d in the area. 【答案】disasters/isasters 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次地震是该地区最严重的自然灾害之一。根据首字母d可知，用名词disaster“灾难”，“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，本空用复数形式。故填disasters。 15．The d between the two cities is about 500 kilometers, which can be covered by high-speed train in 2 hours. 【答案】distance/istance 【详解】考查名词。句意：两座城市之间的距离约500公里，坐高铁2小时就能到达。设空处使用名词作主语，根据句意及首字母，表示“距离”用distance。填distance。 16．The team will c whether the new drug is effective for the disease. 【答案】confirm/onfirm 【详解】考查动词。句意：该团队将确认这种新药是否对这种疾病有效。根据语境和首字母提示，此处应使用动词“confirm(确认；证实)”，且will后接动词原形，故填confirm。 17．They developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to m relationships. 【答案】maintain/aintain 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们发展出成功沟通的能力，目的是为了维持关系。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处应用动词“maintain维持”，与空前的in order to在句中作目的状语，故填maintain。 18．I am c about everything and I want to know more about them. 【答案】curious /urious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我对所有事情都很好奇，并且想了解更多关于它们的信息。根据首字母提示及固定搭配“be curious about”意为“对……好奇”可知，空处需填形容词，curious 表示“好奇的”，符合句意。故填curious。 19．The soldiers r the man from the flood. 【答案】rescued/escued 【详解】考查动词。句意：士兵们从洪水中救出了那个人。根据空格后的the man from the flood可知，士兵们应该是从洪水中救出了那个人，结合首字母r，此处应该用动词rescue，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填rescued。 20．Hearing the news that all the villagers were killed in the flood, we were all in s . 【答案】shock/hock 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到所有村民都在洪水中丧生的消息，我们所有人都陷入了震惊之中。根据句意“震惊”和首字母可知，此处为名词shock，作宾语，in shock为固定搭配，意为“陷入震惊中”。故填shock。 二．单句语法填空（15） 1．Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the chance our friendship. (promote) 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查不定式。句意：在操场上进行同样的运动让我们有机会增进彼此的友谊。chance是机会，其后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to promote。 2．To her great (relieve), the final exam turned out to be much easier than she had expected. 【答案】relief 【详解】考查名词。句意：令她大为宽慰的是，最终考试比她预期的简单得多。“to one’s great + 名词”是固定结构，动词relieve对应的名词形式是relief，to her great relief意为“令她大为宽慰的是”，故填relief。 3．Everyone (shock) by the news of his victory, the whole school celebrated wildly. 【答案】shocked 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：每个人都对他获胜的消息感到震惊，全校都疯狂地庆祝。逗号后是主句，逗号前是独立主格结构作状语，Everyone和shock之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填shocked。 4． (maintain) a healthy social life, I’d like to see people in person instead of on social media. 【答案】To maintain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持健康的人际交往状态，我希望人们能面对面交流，而非通过社交媒体。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To maintain。 5．Because of the height and the location of the bridge, many special steps had to be taken (make) sure it would be safe. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于桥的高度和位置，必须采取许多特殊措施来确保其安全。此处使用固定短语take steps to do sth.“采取措施做某事”的被动语态，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 6．The program was launched to invite participants (explore) the essence of beauty and Eastern philosophical outlooks shown in art. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在邀请参与者探索艺术中展现的美之本质与东方哲学观。invite sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，此空应使用动词不定式形式to explore，作宾语补足语。故填to explore。 7．China is recognized as the first country in the world (raise) silkworms (蚕). 【答案】to raise 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：中国被认为是世界上最早养蚕的国家。country前有序数词the first，空格处用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to raise。 8．At the local level, 18 provinces have introduced policies (support) and manage these workshops, offering funding, marketing assistance, and resource management. 【答案】to support 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在地方层面，18个省出台了支持和管理这些工坊的政策，提供资金、营销援助和资源管理。句中已有谓语动词have introduced，空处应用非谓语动词，修饰名词policies，且指向未来的动作，应用不定式to support作后置定语。故填to support。 9．Yet, I believe I will always miss China when the time comes for me (leave) the country. 【答案】to leave 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我相信，当我要离开这个国家的时候，我仍会深深怀念中国。the time comes for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事的时候到了”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰time。故填to leave。 10．She sees her “relic makeup” as the perfect way (integrate) her artistic skills with her passion for culture. 【答案】to integrate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她认为自己的“文物妆”是将艺术技巧与对文化的热爱完美结合的方式。本空作way的后置定语，用动词integrate“整合，(使)合并，成为一体”的不定式形式。故填to integrate。 11．Dr. Goodall was the first scientist (explain) to the world that chimpanzee mothers are capable of giving birth only once every four and a half to six years. 【答案】to explain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：古道尔博士是首位向世界解释黑猩猩母亲每四年半到六年才能生育一次的科学家。名词scientist前有序数词the first修饰，后面用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to explain。 12．Unlike the dopamine (多巴胺) dressing trend of 2023, where people dressed themselves in bright and vivid colors (express) joy, Tyndall represents a much more complicated approach to matching outfits. 【答案】to express 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与2023年的多巴胺着装趋势不同，当时人们穿着明亮鲜艳的颜色来表达快乐，丁达尔风代表了一种更复杂的搭配方式。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，“穿着鲜艳颜色”的目的是“表达喜悦”，故空处用动词不定式形式to express。故填to express。 13．Goodall established her own institute in 1977, working closely with Gombe National Park’s surrounding communities (advance) human prospects and guard natural treasures. 【答案】to advance 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：古道尔于1977 年建立了自己的研究机构，她与贡贝国家公园周边的社区密切合作，致力于改善人类生活状况并保护自然遗产。结合语意可知，她与贡贝国家公园周边的社区密切合作是为了改善人类生活状况并保护自然遗产，所以此处使用动词的不定式形式作目的状语。故填to advance。 14．This motivated him to rush between photo spots (make) the most of the conditions. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这促使他在各个摄影点间奔走，只为充分利用当时的绝佳条件。空处作目的状语，应用make的不定式形式to make。故填to make。 15．The spokesperson expects the bridge (become) a sightseeing spot and attract more than a million visitors a year. 【答案】to become/will become 【详解】考查宾语从句/非谓语动词。句意：这位发言人预计这座桥将会成为一个观光景点，每年吸引超过一百万名游客前来参观。expect sb/sth to do sth为固定短语，表示“预计某人/某物做某事”，所以空处可用动词不定式形式；或者空处可作为expects之后省略that引导的宾语从句的谓语，从句描述将来的动作，使用一般将来时，即will become。故填to become/will become。 三．根据所给的中文完成句子（15分） 1．It suddenly    (想到，出现在脑海中) me that I had left my keys in the classroom. 【答案】 occurred to 【详解】考查固定句型及时态。句意：我突然想到我把钥匙落在教室了。根据汉语提示“想到，出现在脑海中”，此处用固定句型It occurs to sb. that...，表示“某人突然想到……”；由从句中的had left可知，主句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，occur的过去式为occurred。故填①occurred；②to。 2． (配备, 使有能力) its medical students with hands-on surgical experience, the university built a state-of-the-art laboratory. 【答案】To equip 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了让医学生能够获得实践手术经验，这所大学建造了一个最先进的实验室。动词equip表示“配备、使有能力”，动词短语equip sb with sth表示“使某人具备某物”，由句中谓语动词built可知，空处应用equip的非谓语动词形式，结合语意可知，此处表示目的，故应用其不定式形式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To equip。 3．He has to work twice as hard as the other children to (弥补，补偿) his lack of natural ability. 【答案】make up for/compensate for 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他必须比其他孩子加倍努力，以弥补自身天赋的不足。make up for与compensate for都有“弥补，补偿”之意。to后接动词原形构成动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填make up for/compensate for。 4．You need to (不断努力) train your mind and develop your character. 【答案】make continuous efforts to 【详解】考查固定短语及非谓语动词。句意：你需要不断努力训练思维、培养品格。根据汉语提示“不断努力”可知，核心短语为make efforts to do sth.，位于不定式符号to之后，所以make使用原形，表示“不断”为continuous，修饰名词effort。故填make continuous efforts to。 5．The (破坏性的) tornado swept through the small town, leaving a trail of damaged houses and broken trees. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这场破坏性的龙卷风席卷了小镇，留下一片房屋受损、树木折断的狼藉景象。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“破坏性的”可用destructive，为形容词，在本句中作定语。故填destructive。 6． , the officer immediately realized the coming danger.(使她大为宽慰的是) 【答案】To her great relief 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：令她大为宽慰的是，军官立刻意识到即将来临的危险。根据汉语提示可知短语为to one's great relief，首字母大写，代词用her。故填To her great relief。 7．His anger seemed   icy silence. (呈现……的形式) 【答案】to take the form of 【详解】考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：他的愤怒似乎表现为冷冰冰的沉默。空前为seemed，其后需接动词不定式作表语，构成固定短语seem to do结构。根据汉语提示 “呈现……的形式”，对应的动词短语为take the form of，因此空白处应填动词不定式形式to take the form of。故填to take the form of。 8．With the deadline approaching, (突然想起) her that she had forgotten to include the most important data in her report. 【答案】 it occurred to 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：随着截止日期的临近，她突然想起自己在报告中忘了纳入最重要的数据。表示“突然想起”应用occur to，固定句型it occurred to sb. that...，意思是“某人突然想起……”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填①it；②occurred；③to。 9． (令我宽慰的是), my father recovered from the heart attack. 【答案】To my relief 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：令我宽慰的是，我的父亲从心脏病发作中康复了。根据汉语提示“令我宽慰的是”可知，应用固定短语to my relief，在句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To my relief。 10．The news of their victory spread (各处), bringing joy to everyone who heard it. 【答案】 far and wide 【详解】考查短语。句意：他们胜利的消息传开了，每个听到的人都很高兴。far and wide是固定短语，意思是“各处；广泛地”，作状语修饰动词spread。故填far and wide。 11．The children were lost for hours, but thankfully, they returned (安然无恙). 【答案】 safe and sound 【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：孩子们迷失了几个小时，但谢天谢地，他们安然无恙地回来了。根据中文提示，表示“安然无恙”应用固定搭配safe and sound，符合题意。故答案是①safe②and③sound。 12．Many people walked to the streets (抗议) the war, holding signs and shouting slogans. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 to protest against 【详解】考查不定式。句意：许多人举着标语和口号走上街头抗议战争。“抗议”protest  against，空处为非谓语动词，应用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。故填①to ；②protest；③against。 13． (我从未想过) you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 【答案】It never occurred to me that 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：我从未想过你能成功说服他改变主意。根据汉语提示“我从未想过”，应使用固定句型“It occurs to sb. that...”，表示“某人想到……”，“我”用me，“从未”用 never，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，occur的过去式是occurred，故填It never occurred to me that。 14． (已证实) the mammals were dead before they landed on the beach. 【答案】It has been confirmed that 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：已证实这些哺乳动物在到达海滩之前就已经死亡。根据汉语提示“已证实”，句子需要使用现在完成时态，表示动作已经完成并对现在产生影响，且主语与谓语为被动关系。本句的主语为that从句，it作形式主语。“证实”为confirm。故填It has been confirmed that。 15．They turned up (平安无事). 【答案】 safe and sound 【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：他们安然无恙地出现了。“平安无事”应用形容词短语safe and sound，作状语。故填safe and sound。 四.完成句子（16分） 1．He was standing by the window when he saw a plane the building. 他正站在窗边，这时看到一架飞机撞向了那座大楼。 2．You’d better not borrow her money now. 你最好不要借她的钱，万一她现在很穷呢。 3．All the students ran out of the classroom the earthquake occurred. 地震一发生，所有学生都跑出了教室。 4． she could tell her mother about her former boyfriend. 她突然想到，可以告诉妈妈关于前男友的事情。 5．The villager looked so shocked and he . 这个村民看上去那么震惊，他或许已经知道了全部的事情。 6．The old temple is well preserved . 那座古庙保存得很好，而那口古井却破败不堪。 7．The woman looked so scared . 那个女人看上去那么害怕，好像她见鬼了似的。 8．The travellers ，so they had to give up their trip. 那些旅行者的食物快用完了，所以他们只好放弃旅行。 【答案】1.crashing into 2.in case she is in poverty 3.the moment/minute/instant/second 4.It occurred to her that 5.might have known the whole thing 6.while the old well is in bad condition 7. as if she had seen a ghost 8.were running out of their food 五．语法训练（16分） A.单句语法填空 1．Attention，please! I have something important (tell) you. 2．The old man fetched a hard bench for us sit) on. 3．The guide told us that the village (visit) the next day was very old. 4．The fans ran to the station，only (tell) that the star had left. 5．The player was excellent enough (win) the prize. 【答案】1.to tell2.to sit3.to be visited4.to be told5.to win B.完成句子 6．The firefighter cut off the wire， . 这名消防员剪断了电线，阻止了另一场大火的发生。 7．I’d like to，but I have some emails . 我愿意去，但是今晚我有一些电子邮件需要回复。 8．She realized that he had something . 她意识到他有些事情要和她分享。 9．In fact，he was clever enough . 事实上，他很聪明，能算出那道题。 10．The children hurried to the school， . 孩子们匆忙赶到学校，却发现大门锁着。 【答案】6.preventing another big fire7.to answer tonight8.to share with her9.to work out the question10.only to find the gate was locked C.阅读下面短文，写出画线部分所作的句子成分 My father was born in a small village and he was the first student 11.to be admitted into a key university in his village.When he was in university，he worked hard enough 12.to win the first prize many times.His teachers and his classmates thought highly of him，for he always tried his best 13.to help others when they were in trouble.One of his teachers got him 14.to help his deskmate with his English and he was always patient.His deskmate made great progress in his English，so he was very grateful.He decided 15.to treat my father to a big dinner.However，when they got to their favorite restaurant，only 16.to be told that the restaurant had been closed.They had to go to the cinema instead in the end. 【答案】11.定语　12.结果状语　13.目的状语　14.宾补　15.宾语　16.结果状语 六．语法填空（20分） A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Floods are common and 1 (frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods — usually heavy rainfall or melting snow — are 2 (avoidable), knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference. Before a flood occurs, we must work 3 (reduce) the risk to people and their valuables. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies 4 melded a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the 5 (up) levels of your house. During a flood, it’s important to leave 6 you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger you’ll be in. Be sure to move to 7 (high) ground. If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Don’t walk 8 drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down. and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away. 9 a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible dangers. The flood may have damaged roads and power lines. Keep away from the floodwater, because it may 10 (pollute) and unsafe to touch. 【答案】1．frequently 2．unavoidable 3．to reduce 4．which/that 5．upper 6．where 7．higher 8．or 9．After 10．be polluted 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人，本文介绍了洪水到来的时候的几个注意事项。 1．考查副词。句意：洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。空白处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词destructive，使用副词，故填frequently。 2．考查形容词。句意：尽管洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同。根据下文“knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.(但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同)”可知上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空白处应填avoidable的反义词，需在avoidable前面加上前缀un表示相反的含义，故填unavoidable。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力降低对人们及其贵重物品的风险。空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to reduce。 4．考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备灾难物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣物，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。设空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词disaster supplies在定语从句中作主语，先行词指物，用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填which/that。 5．考查形容词的比较级。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品放到你房子里高一点的位置。根据句意，此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应使用形容词的比较级，故填upper。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。设空处引导名词性从句作leave宾语，表示“你所在的地方”，使用连接副词where引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。故填where。 7．考查比较级。句意：一定要搬到地势较高的地方。根据句意以及下文“If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper floor.”可知，设空处表示 “较高的”，用比较级higher作定语。故填higher。 8．考查连词。句意：不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只有15厘米的流动水就足以将一名成年人撞倒，60厘米的水可以冲走大多数汽车。根据上文“Don’t walk(不要走路)”以及下文“drive(开车)”可知上下文为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词or，故填or。 9．考查介词。句意：洪水过后，听听官方新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。根据下文“find out when it’s safe to return to your home(看看什么时候可以安全回家)”可知，可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空白处应填表示“在……之后”的介词after，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。 10．考查被动语态。句意：远离洪水，因为它可能被污染，触摸不安全。空白处在从句中作谓语，且从句主语it与动词pollute之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因空白处前面已经有情态动词may，空白处填“be+过去分词”，故填be polluted。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A fire burned up a large part of a forest in the north of Italy on Saturday. Thousands of trees were burned in one of the 1 (bad) forest fires in the country’s history. The fire started early 2 Saturday afternoon after a long period of drought. The fire very quickly burned vast areas of forest due to high winds. Firefighters battled on foot and from the air for several hours, 3 (try) to bring the fire under control. By the time this was achieved, however, a large part of the forest 4 (destroy) totally. The smoke from the fire formed such a large dark cloud that it was said 5 (turn) day into night. Several people sustained an injury in the fire, but 6 (fortunate) no one was killed. Rescue workers have picked up 7 (injure) people by helicopter and taken them to the nearest hospitals. People are also worried that many animals have lost their homes 8 were killed in the fire. 9 project will be set up to clear the area in order that the local government can begin planting trees as soon as possible. “It’s a 10 (shock) disaster,” a firefighter said. It will take years for the forest to grow back again. 【答案】1．worst 2．on 3．trying 4．had been destroyed 5．to have turned 6．fortunately 7．injured 8．or 9．A 10．shocking 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一场大火烧毁了意大利北部一片森林，消防员在控制火势后，大部分森林已被完全破坏。有几人在大火中受伤，但幸运的是没有人丧生。政府将设立一个项目来清理该区域，以便地方当局可以尽快开始植树。被毁的森林需要数年时间才能重新长出来。 1．考查最高级。句意：数千棵树在该国历史上最严重的森林大火中被烧毁。空前有the，空格处用最高级，bad的最高级是worst。故填worst。 2．考查介词。句意：在经历了长时间的干旱之后，周六下午早些时候发生了火灾。Saturday afternoon是具体的某一天，前面用介词on，故填on。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：消防队员步行和空中作业战斗了几个小时，试图控制火势。句中谓语是battled，空格处用非谓语动词，Firefighters和try之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填trying。 4．考查时态语态。句意：然而，当这一目标实现时，大部分森林已被完全摧毁。by the time通常引导时间状语从句，表示“到……的时候为止”，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。 当从句用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时，句子主语承受destroy的动作，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态had been done，故填had been destroyed。 5．考查不定式的完成式。句意：从火中冒出的烟形成了一大片乌云，据说把白天变成了黑夜。sb./sth. was said to do是固定短语，意为“据说某人/某物做某事”，turn的动作发生在was said之前，因此空格处用不定式的完成式to have turned，故填to have turned。 6．考查副词。句意：有几人在火灾中受伤，但幸运的是没有人死亡。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，句子表示“幸运的是没有人死亡”，空格处意为“幸运的是”，副词是fortunately，故填fortunately。 7．考查形容词。句意：救援人员用直升机把受伤的人接走，并把他们送到最近的医院。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词people，injure的形容词是injured，意为“受伤的”，故填injured。 8．考查连词。句意：人们还担心许多动物失去了家园或在火灾中丧生。根据语境可知，句子表示“人们还担心许多动物失去了家园或在火灾中丧生”，空格处意为“或者”，用or，故填or。 9．考查冠词。句意：为了使当地政府能够尽快开始植树，将建立一个清理该地区的项目。project是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，project是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填A。 10．考查形容词。句意：这是一场令人震惊的灾难。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词disaster，disaster是灾难，用ing结尾的形容词shocking修饰，意为“令人震惊的”。故填shocking。 1 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $