第2部分 限时阅读4——词句猜测-【金版教程】2026年高考英语大二轮大考试题精选重组全书word

限时阅读4——词句猜测 阅读题中不认识的单词及不理解的句子：研读上句、下句和本句，三句话比对终可得出答案。 (2025·河北定州中学高三下二模)Self­confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It's usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs? For many years, Dr Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N．C., has studied the role of people's beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100，000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there's a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that's what scientists call “intellectual humility”—recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that? To find out more, Dr Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they'd change their study strategies to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got__a__subject__down__pat,__but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought. Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it's important to remember that questioning beliefs isn't always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps”． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明知识谦逊帮助人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。 1．Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger? A．To express his sorrow for the loss. B．To stress the high risk of space flights. C．To show the result of wrong operation. D．To give an example of overconfidence. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He found overconfidence is very common ... the explosion of the Challenger.”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此可推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难性决策的一个例子。故选D。 2．What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter's research? A．It urged students to gain recognition. B．It encouraged students to take exams. C．It helped students to adjust learning methods. D．It motivated students to memorize knowledge. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She found that ... and master the material for the next test.”可知，知识谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应地调整学习方法。故选C。 3．What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Fully mastered a subject. B．Put great effort into a subject. C．Really enjoyed a subject. D．Benefited a lot from a subject. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后文“but when asked ... as much as they had thought”可知，学生们在考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，got a subject down pat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A。 4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．Why questioning our belief is hard. B．Why intellectual humility is helpful. C．How to become a confident person. D．How to practice intellectual humility. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking ‘baby steps’．”可推知，下文很可能具体阐述实践方法，即如何练习做到“知识谦逊”。故选D。 词汇：①disastrous adj. 灾难性的　②conduct v. 开展　③master v. 掌握　④when it comes to 当谈及……　⑤seek out 找出 佳句：If you find it hard to question a belief， try taking “baby steps”. 如果你发现自己难以质疑某种信念，那就试着采取“循序渐进”的方式。 (2025·湖北省武汉市黄陂区第七高级中学高三下考前模拟训练)When 16­year­old Mei began volunteering at the migrant children's library, she felt like an outsider. The children, with their warm laughter and rapid rural dialect, formed a tight­knit circle that her textbook­perfect Mandarin couldn't penetrate. During storytelling sessions, little Wenjing would vanish behind towering bookshelves, her small frame swallowed by shadows. Mei's attempts to engage her with classic tales fell flat, the unfamiliar syllables (音节) bouncing off Wenjing's silence. The library supervisor explained that many migrant children, having left parents behind in villages, often retreated into solitary worlds—a coping mechanism Mei resolved to understand. One stormy afternoon, rain drummed against the windows as Mei found Wenjing hunched (弓背) in a dim corner, clutching a pencil. On a sheet of paper, stick figures danced—a round­faced woman, a tiny girl, and a lonely house. “Who's this？” Mei whispered in halting dialect, stringing together phrases she'd heard from her grandmother. Wenjing's pencil froze. For the first time, she met Mei's gaze. “Mama ... city ... far，” she breathed, tapping the stick woman. Mei noticed calluses (老茧) on Wenjing's fingertips—marks of long hours helping at her foster family's vegetable stall, where spoken words mattered less than quick hands. The next day, Mei arrived armed with wordless picture books. They built towers of giggles with finger puppets. staged silent dinosaur battles, and traced star signs on fogged windows. Language became unnecessary—a raised eyebrow, a shared grin, hands shaping imaginary worlds. Wenjing began leaving small drawings in Mei's bag: a flower after lunch, a star before leaving—each a silent thank you. At the farewell gathering, Wenjing pressed a paper into Mei's palm. Stained crayon strokes showed two girls, one tall and one small, their joined hands arching into a rainbow that swallowed storm clouds. No translations required. The rainbow's colors bled outside the lines, just as their friendship had transcended language barriers to paint something brighter. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁的志愿者Mei (梅)跨越语言障碍，与一名农民工孩子——文静建立深厚友谊的故事。 5．Why did Wenjing initially avoid Mei? A．She feared crowded spaces. B．Mei criticized her drawings. C．Mei's formal speech felt alien. D．She disliked Mei's strict rules. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The children ... her textbook－perfect Mandarin couldn't penetrate.(孩子们温暖的笑声和快速的乡村方言交织在一起，形成了一个紧密的圈子，梅那教科书般标准的普通话无法融入其中。)”可推知，文静最初避开Mei是因为Mei的正式语言对她来说显得陌生且难以接近。故选C。 6．The word “halting” in Paragraph 2 most likely means ________． A．loud and clear B．fluent and natural C．unique and traditional D．hesitant and broken 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“stringing together phrases she'd heard from her grandmother (拼凑着从祖母那里听到的短语)”可知，画线词描述的是Mei说方言时并不流利，而是临时拼凑的。由此可推知，画线词意为“犹豫且断断续续的”。故选D。 7．What key development followed the rainy­day interaction? A．Mei organized a dialect class. B．Wenjing stopped attending the library. C．They discovered shared artistic hobbies. D．Verbal language became their main tool. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The next day ... hands shaping imaginary worlds.”可知，雨天互动之后，Mei和文静通过艺术创作活动发现了共同的爱好，并建立了更深的情感连接。故选C。 8．What does the rainbow primarily symbolize? A．Hope for family reunions. B．Expression through colorful art. C．Bond beyond language barriers. D．Progress in communication skills. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The rainbow's colors ... had transcended language barriers to paint something brighter.”可知，彩虹主要象征着跨越语言障碍的情感纽带。故选C。 词汇：①engage v. 使参与；参加，从事　②round­faced adj. 圆脸的　③freeze v. 突然停止，呆住　④foster adj. 寄养的　v. 促进，培养,⑤leave behind遗弃，抛弃 佳句：The rainbow's colors bled outside the lines， just as their friendship had transcended language barriers to paint something brighter. 彩虹的色彩溢出边界，正如她们的友谊跨越语言障碍，绘就更绚烂的图景。 (2025·山东省齐鲁名校高三下第四次联考)For more than 50 years, music therapists (治疗师) have used a practice called the “iso principle” to help people transform their moods through music. The iso__principle meets people where they are with music that reflects their emotional state. Then, the therapist gradually introduces musical selections that gently encourage their client's mood. A music therapist might measure a client's heart rate and match a fast­paced piece of music to their beat. Subsequent music will gradually slow in rhythm, which will ease the client toward a lower heart rate and a calmer feeling. Researchers have identified 121 beats per minute as an ideal pace for productivity—that's the rhythm of Whitney Houston's 1987 song “I Wanna Dance with Somebody”． But at work, many of us are better served by listening to music without “narrative lyrics (歌词)”， or words that tell a story. Several studies have connected them such as pop songs with lower productivity because we just can't help focusing on their words, which distracts us from the task at hand. So how should you choose the right music to help you boost your productivity? If you are doing a repetitive task that doesn't require complex thinking but asks you to stay focused for a long time, more exciting music could keep you energized and engaged. If you are doing deep or creative thinking, you might like to choose music that is calm, and that gives your mind space to fill in the complex blanks. And then there's your mood. If you're feeling down, a slight increase in the energetic vibe (氛围) of your music can inch your mood up, perhaps enough to help you plug into your work with renewed energy. Just remember the “iso principle”， so you don't try to make a mood or productivity shift that's too shocking. Meet yourself where you are ... and let your day unfold from there. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐是如何改善情绪、提高工作效率的。 9．What does the underlined part “iso principle” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A practice to introduce musical selections gradually. B．A music therapy method to improve productivity. C．A temporary reflection of people's emotional state. D．A method of measuring heart rates with music. 答案：A 解析：指代判断题。根据第二段中的“The iso__principle meets people ... encourage their client's mood.”可知，iso principle是指先用符合当前情绪的音乐，再逐步引入其他音乐来引导情绪变化的渐进方法。故选A。 10．How should one choose the right music for boosting productivity? A．By selecting only fast­paced music. B．By focusing on the lyrics of the song. C．By avoiding music with narrative lyrics completely. D．By matching the nature of the task and one's mood. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“If you are doing a repetitive task ... that is calm”以及第七段中的“And then there's your mood.”可知，根据任务的性质和个人的情绪来选择合适的音乐可以提高工作效率。故选D。 11．What advice is given regarding the use of the “iso principle” at work? A．It should be used only when feeling down. B．It should always be applied with fast­paced music. C．It should increase the energetic vibe of the music. D．It should be used cautiously to avoid great changes. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Just remember the ... that's too shocking.”可推知，在工作中使用“iso principle”时应该谨慎，以避免巨大的变化。故选D。 12．What is the best title of the text? A．The Secret Behind Whitney Houston's Song B．The Power of Music in Boosting Productivity C．How Music Can Help You Achieve Your Daily Tasks Faster D．How the Iso Principle Transforms Client's Moods with Music 答案：B 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了音乐治疗中的“iso principle”以及如何通过选择合适的音乐来提高工作效率，B项(音乐在提高工作效率方面的力量)适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。 词汇：①emotional adj. 情感的，情绪的　②gently adv. 温和地，温柔地　③boost v. 使增长，推动　④engaged adj. 专注的，投入的；从事……的，忙于……的　⑤focus on 集中于 佳句：Meet yourself where you are ... and let your day unfold from there. 在你所处的当下，遇见真实的自己……然后让这一天从这一刻开始自然展开。 ( 2025·四川省阆中北大博雅骏臣学校高三下检测)It was an early blow to my self­confidence. I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. As a PhD student, I had achieved lots to be proud of. But all of those were in my home country of Brazil. Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn't know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don't know”． I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position. I applied for and received a Brazilian government fellowship to spend 18 months working abroad and got a position in a lab. It all seemed so easy—until I actually started. In a new country, I struggled. After the mortifying lab meeting incident, my confidence took another hit. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize. I used to be invited to give talks. Now, I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent. My confidence was destroyed. After months of self­doubt, I reminded myself that I had potential. I needed to do something to regain my confidence. I thought a change of environment might be what I needed. So I made the move. In another new lab, I still felt insecure. However, I was determined to make the most of the time I had. There were more opportunities to interact with others, which forced me to talk more. It was awful at first, but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English. I proposed new projects. I began to receive positive feedback on my presentations. My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman. She was a strong soldier in her homeland. When she left, she experienced obstacles and failures only to become even stronger than before. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者初到美国因语言障碍自信受挫，经历挫折后，通过自身努力重拾信心，最终找回自我的故事。 13．What was the author's reaction when asked about her previous achievements? A．She felt insecure. B．She kept silent. C．She was at a loss. D．She felt proud. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I froze.”以及“ Now I was in Washington ... So all I could say was ‘I don't know’．”可知，当作者被问到以前的成就时，她因不理解“accomplishment (成就)”这个词的意思而不知所措。故选C。 14．Why did the author go abroad? A．To apply for government fellowship. B．To get a doctor's degree. C．To build her own lab. D．To gain experience for a position. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I had decided to do a postdoc abroad ... secure a teaching position.”可知，作者决定去国外做一名博士后，因为她认为这种培训能帮助她获得一个教学职位。故选D。 15．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．I didn't give a proper response in a lab meeting. B．The paper I intended to publish did not materialize. C．I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent. D．I reminded myself that I had potential. 答案：A 解析：指代判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者作为博士后参加在实验室的第一次小组会议时被教授问到以前的成就，作者愣住了，十分困惑，不知所措。这件事让她的自信心受到了打击。因此，“It”指代的是作者在实验室会议上没有给出正确的回答这件事。故选A。 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．A lab meeting incident B．I found my inside Wonder Woman C．Brazilians' confidence improved D．Poor English ruined opportunity 答案：B 解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中的“My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman.”可知，作者因语言障碍自信受挫后果断采取行动，积极与他人互动，经过不断的练习重拾自信，感觉自己像一个神奇的女侠。因此，B项(我找到了我内心的神奇女侠)最适合作为本文标题。故选B。 词汇：①regain v. 重新获得　②interact v. 互动，相互交流　③propose v. 提议　④obstacle n. 障碍，阻碍　⑤apply for 申请 佳句：However， I was determined to make the most of the time I had. 然而，我决心充分利用我所剩的时间。 (2025·河北省衡水市第二中学高三下高考强化模拟(二))When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found that a bacterial culture he had grown was infected by fungus (霉菌), killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. He identified the bacteria­killing substance, which he called “penicillin”， and seemingly in a single stroke, created the new field of antibiotics (抗生素)． That's how most people see innovation: A flash of brilliance, “Eureka”， and a new world is born. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn't until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use. To put Fleming's discovery in context, consider Ignaz Semmelweis, who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards (产房), significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame. That was because in the 1850s, his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory, which attributed disease to “bad air”. After his death in 1865, germ theory was accepted, paving the way for Fleming's later work. Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published his results in 1929, few took notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming's paper, understood its importance, and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War Ⅱ raging, the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass­produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering__in the new age of antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945. Penicillin owes much of its success to government support. For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet and GPS, their innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations, who might have the resources to fast­track their ideas. So, look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks down. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青霉素的发现和发展历程，由此揭示了创新是一个复杂且漫长的过程，并非人们通常认为的天才的灵光一闪。 17．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A．An account of a lab story. B．Redefinition of a traditional view. C．Correction of a popular misconception. D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon. 答案：C 解析：段落大意题。第一段讲述了Fleming (弗莱明)发现青霉素的过程；第二段提到大多数人对创新的看法：灵光一闪。然而，事实却更为复杂。由此可知，前两段主要是纠正人们对创新的普遍误解，即认为创新是一蹴而就的这种错误观念。故选C。 18．What is the message conveyed in Paragraph 3? A．Great minds think alike. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Luck's got your back when it comes to success. D．Early work is a stepping stone to later breakthroughs. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That was because in the 1850s ... paving the way for Fleming's later work.(这是因为在19世纪50年代，他的观点与流行的瘴气理论相冲突，后者将疾病归因于‘恶劣的空气’。1865年他去世后，细菌理论被接受，为Fleming后来的工作铺平了道路。)”可推知，早期Semmelweis (塞麦尔维斯)的工作为后来Fleming 的突破奠定了基础，即早期工作是后来突破的垫脚石。故选D。 19．What does the underlined part “ushering in” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Delaying. B．Introducing. C．Predicting. D．Transforming. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“By 1943, with World War Ⅱ raging ... saving countless lives”可知，大规模生产抗生素，使得抗生素进入了新时代。ushering in 意为“引入，开启”，与introducing同义。故选B。 20．Which of the following can be the best title? A．Great Innovations: Individuals Are True Heroes B．From Failure to Success: The Story of Penicillin C．The Lone Genius: Fleming's Discovery of Penicillin D．The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens 答案：D 解析：标题判断题。文章主要介绍了青霉素的发展历程，借此强调了创新是一个漫长的过程。D项(青霉素的漫长研发之路：创新是如何产生的)适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 词汇：①identify v. 识别　②significantly adv. 显著地；意义深刻地　③attribute v. 把……归因于　④groundbreaking adj. 开创性的　⑤pave the way for ... 为……铺平道路 佳句：Rather than simply starting over， Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. 弗莱明没有简单地从头再来，而是将注意力转向了真菌。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $