题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇（湖南专用）（中考真题+热点话题练习）-2026年中考英语总复习（湖南专用）

题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (湖南专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文 2 适中 科普知识,说明文,意见/建议 3 适中 常见动物,科普知识,说明文 4 适中 发明与创造,说明文 5 较易 电影与戏剧,说明文 6 适中 传统节日,说明文,中华文化 7 适中 中华文化,旅行,说明文 8 容易 科学技术,交通/运输,说明文 9 较易 传统节日,说明文 10 适中 教育,科学技术,说明文 11 较易 身心健康,说明文 12 较易 科普知识,说明文,通讯工具 13 适中 发明与创造,科普知识,说明文 14 适中 科普知识,说明文 15 较易 音乐与舞蹈,说明文 【中考真题】 What are insects (昆虫) like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them? Insects are very interesting animals. They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working. Scientists have studied different kinds of insects very closely. According to their studies, even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work. Have you ever seen a little fly called a sawfly? It gets such a name because it has a s aw (锯子) that is used on plants to create a safe space for its eggs. After laying its eggs, the sawfly makes some glue. The glue fixes the eggs to where they are laid. Another insect that has its own natural tool is the poppy bee (蜂). The bees live in wood. Like people who make things out of wood, poppy bees use special tools to dig nests (巢穴) out of wood. They dig and clean out the nest to make it ready for use. When all is ready, poppy bees cut out pieces of leaves in the shape of a nest. They then join the pieces together and put them into the nest. Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools. For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests. There are more insects than any other living things in the world. Every insect is special. The more you notice them, the more they will surprise you. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By making comparisons. 2．What can we know about poppy bees from paragraph 3? A．They clean their nests with big leaves. B．They pot pieces of leaves around nests. C．They dig nests before cutting out leaves. 3．Which of the following use leaves to take in water according to the text? A．Sawflies. B．Poppy bees. C．Ants. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Insects and Tools B．Animals and Eggs C．Plants and Leaves Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves. Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 1．What can we know about hair cells? A．They help us hear. B．They look like hairs lying down. C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A musical voice. B．A kind of instrument. C．Ringing in ears. 3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give advice. B．To show problems. C．To explain reasons. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C．After using a headphone, check your ears. Would you be able to sleep with one eye open? Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping. Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it. 1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open? A．To stay safe. B．To sleep for two hours. C．To swim faster. 2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2? A．They use gills to get air. B．They are warm-blooded. C．They lay eggs like fish. 3．How do dolphins talk to each other? A．By learning fishing skills. B．By using different sounds. C．By checking their bodies. 4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature. 【热点话题练习】 Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses. Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (导航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket! Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world. This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio (空间音频). This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (识别) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life. So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. 1．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1? A．To start a story. B．To introduce a topic. C．To discuss a problem. 2．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．Where smart glasses could be used. B．When smart glasses might be made. C．How smart glasses would give directions. 3．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses? A．Recognizing voices. B．Creating digital 3D objects. C．Sending images onto glasses. 4．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses? A．Satisfied. B．Confident. C．Uncertain. A Chinese 2D-animated film (动画电影) called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It was made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio and came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the record for Chinese-2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (《大鱼海棠》). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It is based on a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters: a pig, a toad (蟾蜍) ,a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla (大猩猩). They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West (《西游记》) and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we are pillars (支柱) at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers. Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products (相关产品) popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 1．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous animation studio. B．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. C．It broke the record for Chinese 3D animated films. 2．What can we know about the four little monsters in the film? A．They always wanted to be Tang Monk and his group. B．They became better people during their trip to the west. C．They only cared about finding food during the whole trip. 3．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers the film used more ink than other films. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” earned 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The film wants to tell us common people can be heroes. Many traditional Chinese festivals remind us of the special foods. As zongzi is to the Dragon Boat Festival and mooncakes are to the Mid-Autumn Festival, yuanxiao—sweet dumplings made of sticky rice flour—are special to the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first lunar month, marking the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. Apart from the round-shaped yuanxiao, another beloved part of the celebration is the lanterns, which come in almost every possible size and shape. In old times, riddles (谜语) were pasted onto them so that people could try to solve them while looking at the beauty of the lanterns. However, both tradition and handicraft have become less popular among young people. The Lantern Festival was at its height in the Tang and Song dynasties. It was a day of great fun back then. In the evening, people went into the streets with all kinds of lanterns, watching lion or dragon dances, eating yuanxiao and setting off firecrackers (爆竹). The festival also provided a chance for unmarried young girls to go out freely in search of their true love, since they weren’t normally allowed to do so. The famous Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu recorded this romantic tradition with the well-known line: “Atop the willow tree hangs the moon; my date comes in the evening soon.” 1．Besides eating yuanxiao, what tradition is also popular during the Lantern Festival? A．Solving riddles on lanterns. B．Making dumplings. C．Watching movies. 2．Where do people usually paste riddles on the Lantern Festival? A．On the firecrackers. B．On the lanterns. C．In yuanxiao. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Yuanxiao—Comes in All Sizes and Shapes B．Between the Delicious Food and Culture C．The Lantern Festival 4．How do you translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph? A．海上生明月，天涯共此时。 B．月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后。 C．明月几时有，把酒问青天。 As Dean Dubois, a tourist from France, explored (探索) the beautiful ancient shops in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, he couldn’t help shopping. The Frenchman filled his bag with traditional Chinese clothes, Chinese embroidered scarves (中国绣花围巾), handmade teacups and a new smartphone. “I feel like I just can’t buy enough,” Dubois said. Dubois isn’t alone-many foreign tourists shop a lot in China. In fact, this is many tourists’ key motivation for visiting China. Some even fly to China just to buy things. Sales records also show that foreign tourists’ shopping habits have changed a lot. Now they are paying close attention to local supermarkets, restaurants and shops with cultural products. “I used to buy cheap T-shirts during my trip to China. But now I’d like to have more experiences here and take home things with cultural meaning,” Dubois shared. Chinese high-tech products attract (吸引) foreign people, too. “I love them. The quality (质量), look, and technology are truly amazing!” said Dubois. “High quality and proper prices have led foreign tourists to continue visiting China to buy good Chinese products,” said Zhang Chunlong, a Chinese expert in social science, adding that he believes this trend (趋势) will develop further. 1．What did Dean Dubois mostly buy in Suzhou? A．Chinese tea and cups. B．Beautiful Chinese shirts. C．Traditional Chinese products. 2．What does the underlined word “motivation” mean? A．观点 B．原因 C．影响 3．What is the new trend in foreign tourists’ shopping habits? A．They would like to buy cheap clothes. B．They mainly shop in large supermarkets. C．They enjoy products with cultural meaning. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chinese products attract foreign tourists B．People choose to take holidays in China C．More people trust Chinese brands China’s high-speed trains already stand out in the world. The country is now breaking its own speed record with CR450. The CR450 can travel at 400 kilometers per hour (km/h) on average. Its highest speed is 453km/h. Before this, the fastest high-speed train in the world was China’s CR400, which runs at 350 km/h on average. “For the high-speed train, the key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车) well,” Zhao Hongwei of the China Academy of Railway Sciences told CCTV News. The CR450 has the same braking distance as the CR400. This distance is 6,500 meters. Although the CR450 travels faster, it can start braking more quickly. It takes only 1.7 seconds to start braking, while the CR400 takes 2.3 seconds. The engineers also did lots of tests with the brakes to make the system better. In the tests, the brake disc (制动盘) got really hot, reaching temperatures of up to 700℃. Its color changed from black to red. The changes were then recorded. The engineers put all the data into a smart system. Then, the system could make calculations to make the brakes even better. 1．Which country is breaking the speed record of high-speed train? A．The USA． B．China. C．France. 2．What is the key for the high-speed train according to Zhao Hongwei? A．Having the train brake well. B．Letting the train look more beautiful. C．Making the train run as fast as possible. 3．How long does it take the CR450 to start braking? A．1.7 seconds. B．2.3 seconds. C．6.5 seconds. 4．What color did the brake disc turn when its temperature reached up to 700℃ in the tests? A．Black. B．Green. C．Red. As the Mid-Autumn Festival came on October 6th, 2025., Changsha was full of special celebrations that mixed old traditions with new ideas. The city’s most eye-catching place was surely the 3-meter-tall moon display (展览) at Orange Isle. It was called “Poems (诗) Written to the Moon,” and visitors took photos under the poems hung from sweet-scented trees. At Changsha’s Traditional Culture Museum, the “Moon Over the River” festival brought old customs to life. Families made mooncakes with traditional tools, while children tried making bamboo lanterns and jade rabbit books. In the evening, shadow plays (皮影戏) told classic stories like Chang’e Flying to the Moon, making both local people and tourists happy. The museum’s yard was filled with folk music, including the famous Hunan folk song Moon Cake sung in the local way. High-tech fun was waiting at Window of the World theme (主题) park. There, visitors enjoyed “Shan Hai Jing” themed lantern shows. Students in Hanfu joined free lantern parades (巡游), and everyone felt surprised at the AR lanterns. These lanterns lit up the night sky. Near Meixi Lake, the “AR Starry Sky” activity let people “touch” virtual stars while walking along the lake side. It created magical moments for both kids and adults. Eco-friendly (生态友好的) celebrations were everywhere too. Following new national rules, local bakeries (面包店) used mooncake boxes that are easy to break down naturally. These boxes had only three layers (层). This showed how traditions can help protect the environment. From cultural activities to high-tech fun, Changsha’s Mid-Autumn celebrations proved (证明) that some traditions just get brighter as time goes on. 1．What’s the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． 2．Which of the following activities is a mix of the old and new? A．Shadow plays. B．Poems Written to the Moon. C．Hanfu Parade with AR lanterns. 3．Why did local bakeries use mooncake boxes with only three layers in Paragraph 4? A．To make the boxes look more beautiful. B．To follow new national rules and be eco-friendly. C．To make the boxes easier to carry for people. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Changsha’s High-Tech Festivals B．Traditional Meets Modern in Changsha’s Mid-Autumn C．The History of Mooncake Making in Changsha The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics surprisingly didn’t go to a typical physicist, instead, to two pioneers in machine learning: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton. What they did was to use principles (原理) from physics to make discoveries in machine learning, which pushed the development of AI. This is a perfect example of joining ideas from different subjects to achieve a breakthrough. It is cross-disciplinary learning at its best. In simple terms, cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields, whether it’s science, art, history or technology and using that knowledge to improve our own understanding. Cross-disciplinary learning is nothing new. We have seen many examples over the centuries. Even the ancient Greeks practiced it. They believed that music, math and astronomy (天文学) were interconnected. This helped them make groundbreaking discoveries. Great minds like Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton and Zhang Heng gave us amazing and influential creations because they were inventors, scientists, mathematicians, engineers and more, all at the same time. These inventors used knowledge from many different fields. As they proved (证明), great achievements often come from thinking beyond the boundaries (边界) of a single subject. This is why, nowadays, schools are pushing cross-disciplinary studies. They hope that by drawing from multiple areas, students can contribute to different fields and make a meaningful influence. Cross-disciplinary learning can help you gain new opinions, find creative solutions and, most importantly, better prepare you to deal with the complex (复杂的) challenges of tomorrow. You never know where inspiration (灵感) might come from. Sometimes the best ideas are found in the most unexpected places. So, go ahead, mix it up, learn from everything, and see how far it takes you! 1．What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A．The development of AI. B．The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. C．The work of Hopfield and Hinton. 2．What can we learn about cross-disciplinary learning from the passage? A．It means being open to ideas from different fields. B．It helps find out where your inspiration comes from. C．It was first created and practiced by ancient Greeks. 3．Why does the writer mention great minds in Paragraph 4? A．To tell how they made their inventions. B．To explain why schools push cross-disciplinary learning. C．To show how clever they were. 4．Which of the following is an example of cross-disciplinary learning? A．Listening to music while doing a chemistry experiment. B．Introducing paper-cutting in an English speech. C．Using the idea of air pressure from physics to understand why we have wind. Is sleep important to children? A new study says yes. In America, most people don’t get enough sleep. Children aged between 5 and 12 are advised to sleep 10 to 11 hours every day, but most of them can’t sleep that long. A study found that about 41 million American workers got less than six hours of sleep every night. Scientists worry that parents are passing their bad sleeping habits down to their children. In the study, scientists either added or reduced (减少) one hour of sleep for healthy children aged between 7 and 11. They watched the children for five nights. They wanted to know if the amount of sleep can affect (影响) a child’s behavior. Before the study began, students were asked to sleep the same amount of hours as usual. Their teachers helped record their behavior. After five nights of the children’s sleep changes, the teachers recorded again. According to the two records, scientists found that students with less sleep were not likely (不太可能的) to feel sad and had more problems paying attention. The scientists studied children in their homes instead of in a laboratory. “In the study, we find that small changes in children can really make a big difference.” says a scientist. 1．Scientists worry that ________ may cause children to sleep less. A．too much homework B．pressure from parents C．parents’ bad sleeping habits 2．Scientists did the new study in order to know ________. A．why children can’t get enough sleep. B．how long children should sleep every night. C．if the amount of sleep can affect a child’s behavior. 3．Who helped record children’s behavior in the new study? A．Teachers B．Parents. C．Scientists. 4．According to the new study, children with less sleep ________. A．were more likely to feel excited. B．had more problems paying attention. C．were more active in playing games. 5．The new study was done in ________. A．the children’s homes. B．a classroom. C．a laboratory. Have you ever in such a situation when you’re talking to someone but they keep looking through their phones? This is called “phubbing” (低头族)—a mix of the words “phone” and “snubbing (不理睬)”. When someone is “phubbing”, they’re using their phones to look through the online news, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or spending time with others. Most people would agree that it’s rude to be focused on your phone when you’re spending time with another person. The expert William Hanson thinks so, too. “Phubbing is a no-no!”, he says. “If you have planned to go out with friends, focus on them and not on your phone.” Studies have found that phubbing can damage (损害) your relationships with others. It can make people feel excluded, and those who “phub” are thought of impolite. So science has shown that phubbing is not good for us, but why do we do it? In my opinion, it might be because we are feeling bored, worried or stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted to (沉溺于) checking our phones, especially social media. Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss out on real moments with the people around us. So the next time you’re spending time with a friend or family member, try and keep your phone out of sight! 1．When someone is phubbing, what is he probably doing? A．Buying a phone. B．Looking through online news. C．Talking with people beside him. 2．What does the underlined word “excluded” mean? A．Left out. B．Mad. C．Proud. 3．In the writer’s opinion, why do people become “phubbing”? A．They don’t like to stay with others. B．They need important messages. C．They feel bored or stressed. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To tell what “phubbing” is. B．To help stop people’s many bad habits. C．To encourage people not be phubbing. Barcode (条形码) technology makes it faster and easier to buy things in stores. This year, this great invention is 54 years old! On a Sunday afternoon in 1971, IBM engineer George Laurer came up with a code that could be printed on food labels (商标). It became the basis for the Universal Product Code, which was used by many grocery companies starting in 1973, according to The New York Times. Before this, cashiers (收银员) had to ring up prices by hand. Time has proven it to be a great invention. Today, barcodes are scanned (扫描) over 6 billion times every day and used by 2 million companies worldwide, PR Newswire reported. What information does a barcode contain? Where the product comes from, where it has been, its price, expiration date (保质期)…you name it. It can also help stores keep track of their products. For example, if there are 10 boxes of milk and a customer buys one, it will be recorded so that the store owner knows there are nine boxes left. In the 1980s, libraries started using barcodes to keep track of books in this way. “Its creation allowed the first digitization (数字化) in the control of the stock (库存),” Jose Maria Bonmati from AECOC, a Spanish commercial association, told El Mundo. The next generation of barcodes, such as QR codes, can hold more information. “They can tell consumers (消费者) if a product contains allergens (过敏原) or if it is organic (有机的). This provides consumers with a greater level of trust in the products they buy,” said GS1, an organization that develops global barcode standards. 1．When did barcodes start to be used widely by grocery companies? A．In 1971. B．In 1973. C．In the 1980s. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．What barcodes can be used for. B．What barcodes can help customers do. C．How information is stored in barcodes. 3．What do we know about the QR codes from the last paragraph? A．They are more consumer-friendly. B．They have replaced barcodes in stores. C．They are not as convenient as barcodes. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The history of QR codes. B．Wild ideas lead to inventions. C．Barcodes make life simpler. A burp (打嗝) at the dinner table might land you in trouble but if you were a cow or sheep in New Zealand, it could cost your owner a lot of tax (税). New Zealand’s government recently drew up a plan to tax the greenhouse gases which farm animals produce as part of its efforts to deal with climate change. The government said the tax like this would be the first in the world. It also said farmers should be able to get the money back by increasing the prices of climate friendly products. New Zealand’s farming industry is very important for the country’s economy (经济). Milk products are the nation’s largest export earner (出口创汇产品). The country has around 10 million cattle (牛) and 26 million sheep, compared to just five million people. And about half of New Zealand’s greenhouse gases come from farms. And the reason behind the plan possibly helping with climate change is based on the idea that farm animals produce gases that warm the planet, particularly greenhouse gases from cattle burps and their urine (尿液). New Zealand’s government wants to reduce greenhouse gas production and make the country carbon neutral (碳中和的) by 2050. The move is part of that plan. Farmers would reportedly start to pay in 2025. And all the money from the tax on farms would be put back into the industry to support new technology and research. However, some farm groups disagree with the plan. They argue that the tax would place high costs on the farming industry. 1．Why does New Zealand’s government plan to tax farm animals? A．To make more money from farmers. B．To deal with climate change. C．To reduce the number of farm animals. 2．What is New Zealand’s largest export earner? A．Cattle. B．Milk products. C．Sheep. 3．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．all of New Zealand’s greenhouse gases come from farms B．farmers start to pay for the cattle burps in 2050 C．the money from the tax on farms will be used to support new technology 4．What do some farm groups think of the plan? A．They think it’s good for the environment. B．They think it will help the farming industry. C．They think it will bring high costs to the farming industry. Do you like music? Have you ever tried to make your own music with your friends? Maybe you think it’s a little difficult because you need different kinds of musical instruments while making music. But have you ever heard of music made with rubbish or vegetables? What kind of silly music is that, you may ask. Well, there is one group called Stomp. They perform a special percussion (打击乐器) and their music is very fun and energetic. They stomp (跺脚) around the stage and create music by beating or stepping on everyday things. Even rubbish can be instruments. Anything can be a percussion instrument as long as it makes a sound. All you need is your imagination! There is another group called The Vegetable Orchestra that makes all kinds of instruments with vegetables. For example, they make flutes (笛子) with carrots and they hit pumpkins like drums. People can enjoy the smell of vegetables in the air while they listen to the music. What’s more, they can eat fresh vegetable soup made from the instruments when the concert ends. Because the instruments only last for one day, the performers make new ones for each performance. Now you know you don’t need to buy expensive instruments to make music. Just take a look around your house and you can create your own music out of simple everyday objects. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. 2．What can be inferred (推断) about these two groups? A．They make their own instruments to save time. B．They use such instruments to make more money. C．They are creative and good at making such instruments. 3．Which of the following is true about The Vegetable Orchestra? A．They make flutes with cabbages. B．They can make soup from the vegetables used in performance. C．The performers use the same instruments for each performance 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Rubbish can be recycled as musical instruments. B．Music can be made with simple everyday objects. C．Vegetables can make unusual musical instruments. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (湖南专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文 2 适中 科普知识,说明文,意见/建议 3 适中 常见动物,科普知识,说明文 4 适中 发明与创造,说明文 5 较易 电影与戏剧,说明文 6 适中 传统节日,说明文,中华文化 7 适中 中华文化,旅行,说明文 8 容易 科学技术,交通/运输,说明文 9 较易 传统节日,说明文 10 适中 教育,科学技术,说明文 11 较易 身心健康,说明文 12 较易 科普知识,说明文,通讯工具 13 适中 发明与创造,科普知识,说明文 14 适中 科普知识,说明文 15 较易 音乐与舞蹈,说明文 【中考真题】 What are insects (昆虫) like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them? Insects are very interesting animals. They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working. Scientists have studied different kinds of insects very closely. According to their studies, even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work. Have you ever seen a little fly called a sawfly? It gets such a name because it has a s aw (锯子) that is used on plants to create a safe space for its eggs. After laying its eggs, the sawfly makes some glue. The glue fixes the eggs to where they are laid. Another insect that has its own natural tool is the poppy bee (蜂). The bees live in wood. Like people who make things out of wood, poppy bees use special tools to dig nests (巢穴) out of wood. They dig and clean out the nest to make it ready for use. When all is ready, poppy bees cut out pieces of leaves in the shape of a nest. They then join the pieces together and put them into the nest. Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools. For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests. There are more insects than any other living things in the world. Every insect is special. The more you notice them, the more they will surprise you. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By making comparisons. 2．What can we know about poppy bees from paragraph 3? A．They clean their nests with big leaves. B．They pot pieces of leaves around nests. C．They dig nests before cutting out leaves. 3．Which of the following use leaves to take in water according to the text? A．Sawflies. B．Poppy bees. C．Ants. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Insects and Tools B．Animals and Eggs C．Plants and Leaves 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了昆虫如何使用工具，如锯蝇的锯子、罂粟蜂的挖巢工具以及蚂蚁利用树叶吸水等。 1．细节理解题。根据“What are insects (昆虫) like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them?”可知，作者是通过提问的方式引入话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Like people who make things out of wood, poppy bees use special tools to dig nests (巢穴) out of wood. They dig and clean out the nest to make it ready for use. When all is ready, poppy bees cut out pieces of leaves in the shape of a nest.”可知，罂粟蜂在挖好巢穴后才开始切割树叶。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests.”可知，蚂蚁利用树叶吸水。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。全文主要介绍了昆虫如何使用工具，如锯蝇的锯子、罂粟蜂的挖巢工具以及蚂蚁利用树叶吸水等。因此最佳标题应为“昆虫与工具”。故选A。 Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves. Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 1．What can we know about hair cells? A．They help us hear. B．They look like hairs lying down. C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A musical voice. B．A kind of instrument. C．Ringing in ears. 3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give advice. B．To show problems. C．To explain reasons. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C．After using a headphone, check your ears. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了耳机很有用，但是它也会导致听力丧失，所以文章建议我们要合理使用耳机。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. ‘We call them hair cells,’ Jackie Clark said.”可知，毛细胞帮助我们听到声音。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“‘It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,’ Clark says.”可知，这就像有人在笛子上很长时间吹一个音符，即耳朵有时有耳鸣现象。故推测划线单词应该是“耳鸣”的意思。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，此段主要给出了使用耳机的建议。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据“How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，本文主要讲了为了保护我们的耳朵，使用耳机时最好把音量调小。故选B。 Would you be able to sleep with one eye open? Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping. Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it. 1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open? A．To stay safe. B．To sleep for two hours. C．To swim faster. 2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2? A．They use gills to get air. B．They are warm-blooded. C．They lay eggs like fish. 3．How do dolphins talk to each other? A．By learning fishing skills. B．By using different sounds. C．By checking their bodies. 4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“They sleep with one eye open to stay safe.”可知，海豚睡觉时睁着一只眼睛是为了保证安全。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs.”可知，海豚是温血动物。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They use different sounds to talk to each other.”可知，海豚通过使用不同的声音互相交谈。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点，故推测这篇文章可能选自杂志的自然界版块。故选C。 【热点话题练习】 Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses. Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (导航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket! Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world. This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio (空间音频). This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (识别) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life. So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. 1．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1? A．To start a story. B．To introduce a topic. C．To discuss a problem. 2．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．Where smart glasses could be used. B．When smart glasses might be made. C．How smart glasses would give directions. 3．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses? A．Recognizing voices. B．Creating digital 3D objects. C．Sending images onto glasses. 4．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses? A．Satisfied. B．Confident. C．Uncertain. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨智能眼镜作为下一代可能改变生活的技术，介绍了其潜在应用场景和当前技术瓶颈。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This is why scientists are hoping…the next invention might be smart glasses”可知，作者通过对比智能手机的局限性，引出智能眼镜这一新话题。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。第二段描述日常生活场景（导航/超市），第三段说明工业应用（工程师维修/远程手术），均围绕使用场景展开。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据末段“So far, no one has invented a good way to send images…onto glasses”可知，图像投射技术尚待突破。故选C。 4．观点态度题。通过“with the rapid development…could arrive much sooner”的积极表述，体现作者对技术发展持乐观态度。故选B。 A Chinese 2D-animated film (动画电影) called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It was made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio and came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the record for Chinese-2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (《大鱼海棠》). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It is based on a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters: a pig, a toad (蟾蜍) ,a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla (大猩猩). They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West (《西游记》) and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we are pillars (支柱) at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers. Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products (相关产品) popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 1．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous animation studio. B．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. C．It broke the record for Chinese 3D animated films. 2．What can we know about the four little monsters in the film? A．They always wanted to be Tang Monk and his group. B．They became better people during their trip to the west. C．They only cared about finding food during the whole trip. 3．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers the film used more ink than other films. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” earned 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The film wants to tell us common people can be heroes. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了暑期热门2D动画电影《浪浪山小妖怪》的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it.”可知，豆瓣评分8.6，孩子们和成年人都很喜欢它。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers.”可知，在路上，它们改变了，一开始它们寻找食物，但是后来它们拯救村民，因此是在旅途中它们成为了更好的人。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers.”可知，这部电影的特别之处在于，影片极具美感的中国水墨画风格格外引人注目，每一幅画面都运用了50 层油墨叠加技术。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Its English name ‘Nobody’ tells us: even small and common people can be heroes.”可知，影片的英文片名《浪浪山小妖怪》还传递出这样的内涵：即便平凡普通的人，也能成为英雄。故选C。 Many traditional Chinese festivals remind us of the special foods. As zongzi is to the Dragon Boat Festival and mooncakes are to the Mid-Autumn Festival, yuanxiao—sweet dumplings made of sticky rice flour—are special to the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first lunar month, marking the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. Apart from the round-shaped yuanxiao, another beloved part of the celebration is the lanterns, which come in almost every possible size and shape. In old times, riddles (谜语) were pasted onto them so that people could try to solve them while looking at the beauty of the lanterns. However, both tradition and handicraft have become less popular among young people. The Lantern Festival was at its height in the Tang and Song dynasties. It was a day of great fun back then. In the evening, people went into the streets with all kinds of lanterns, watching lion or dragon dances, eating yuanxiao and setting off firecrackers (爆竹). The festival also provided a chance for unmarried young girls to go out freely in search of their true love, since they weren’t normally allowed to do so. The famous Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu recorded this romantic tradition with the well-known line: “Atop the willow tree hangs the moon; my date comes in the evening soon.” 1．Besides eating yuanxiao, what tradition is also popular during the Lantern Festival? A．Solving riddles on lanterns. B．Making dumplings. C．Watching movies. 2．Where do people usually paste riddles on the Lantern Festival? A．On the firecrackers. B．On the lanterns. C．In yuanxiao. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Yuanxiao—Comes in All Sizes and Shapes B．Between the Delicious Food and Culture C．The Lantern Festival 4．How do you translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph? A．海上生明月，天涯共此时。 B．月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后。 C．明月几时有，把酒问青天。 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统节日——元宵节，涵盖其时间、特色食物元宵、传统习俗（赏灯、猜灯谜等）及历史背景。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Apart from the round-shaped yuanxiao, another beloved part of the celebration is the lanterns…riddles were pasted onto them so that people could try to solve them”可知，除了吃元宵，猜灯笼上的谜语也是元宵节的传统习俗。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Apart from the round-shaped yuanxiao, another beloved part of the celebration is the lanterns…In old times, riddles were pasted onto them”可知，人们通常把谜语贴在灯笼上。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。文章围绕“元宵节”展开，介绍了其时间、食物、习俗、历史及相关文化，选项C“元宵节”能概括全文内容。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The festival also provided a chance for unmarried young girls to go out freely in search of their true love, since they weren’t normally allowed to do so. The famous Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu recorded this romantic tradition with the well-known line”可知，这句诗是用来描述元宵节时未婚男女约会的浪漫传统，对应的是宋代欧阳修描写元宵节的诗句“月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后”。故选B。 As Dean Dubois, a tourist from France, explored (探索) the beautiful ancient shops in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, he couldn’t help shopping. The Frenchman filled his bag with traditional Chinese clothes, Chinese embroidered scarves (中国绣花围巾), handmade teacups and a new smartphone. “I feel like I just can’t buy enough,” Dubois said. Dubois isn’t alone-many foreign tourists shop a lot in China. In fact, this is many tourists’ key motivation for visiting China. Some even fly to China just to buy things. Sales records also show that foreign tourists’ shopping habits have changed a lot. Now they are paying close attention to local supermarkets, restaurants and shops with cultural products. “I used to buy cheap T-shirts during my trip to China. But now I’d like to have more experiences here and take home things with cultural meaning,” Dubois shared. Chinese high-tech products attract (吸引) foreign people, too. “I love them. The quality (质量), look, and technology are truly amazing!” said Dubois. “High quality and proper prices have led foreign tourists to continue visiting China to buy good Chinese products,” said Zhang Chunlong, a Chinese expert in social science, adding that he believes this trend (趋势) will develop further. 1．What did Dean Dubois mostly buy in Suzhou? A．Chinese tea and cups. B．Beautiful Chinese shirts. C．Traditional Chinese products. 2．What does the underlined word “motivation” mean? A．观点 B．原因 C．影响 3．What is the new trend in foreign tourists’ shopping habits? A．They would like to buy cheap clothes. B．They mainly shop in large supermarkets. C．They enjoy products with cultural meaning. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chinese products attract foreign tourists B．People choose to take holidays in China C．More people trust Chinese brands 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文通过法国游客Dean Dubois的例子，介绍了外国游客在中国购物习惯的变化——从购买廉价T恤转向购买具有文化内涵和高科技的中国产品。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Frenchman filled his bag with traditional Chinese clothes, Chinese embroidered scarves, handmade teacups and a new smartphone.”可知，Dubois购买的主要是中国传统产品。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“…many foreign tourists shop a lot in China. In fact, this is many tourists’ key motivation for visiting China.”可知，购物是许多外国游客来中国的主要原因，可推测出“motivation”意为“原因”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“But now I’d like to have more experiences here and take home things with cultural meaning”可知，新趋势是外国游客喜欢购买有文化内涵的产品。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述中国产品（包括传统文化产品和高科技产品）对外国游客的吸引力，A选项为最佳标题。故选A。 China’s high-speed trains already stand out in the world. The country is now breaking its own speed record with CR450. The CR450 can travel at 400 kilometers per hour (km/h) on average. Its highest speed is 453km/h. Before this, the fastest high-speed train in the world was China’s CR400, which runs at 350 km/h on average. “For the high-speed train, the key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车) well,” Zhao Hongwei of the China Academy of Railway Sciences told CCTV News. The CR450 has the same braking distance as the CR400. This distance is 6,500 meters. Although the CR450 travels faster, it can start braking more quickly. It takes only 1.7 seconds to start braking, while the CR400 takes 2.3 seconds. The engineers also did lots of tests with the brakes to make the system better. In the tests, the brake disc (制动盘) got really hot, reaching temperatures of up to 700℃. Its color changed from black to red. The changes were then recorded. The engineers put all the data into a smart system. Then, the system could make calculations to make the brakes even better. 1．Which country is breaking the speed record of high-speed train? A．The USA． B．China. C．France. 2．What is the key for the high-speed train according to Zhao Hongwei? A．Having the train brake well. B．Letting the train look more beautiful. C．Making the train run as fast as possible. 3．How long does it take the CR450 to start braking? A．1.7 seconds. B．2.3 seconds. C．6.5 seconds. 4．What color did the brake disc turn when its temperature reached up to 700℃ in the tests? A．Black. B．Green. C．Red. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述中国高铁CR450打破自己保持的速度纪录。并重点介绍其制动系统的技术创新。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“China’s high-speed trains already stand out in the world. The country is now breaking its own speed record with CR450.”可知，打破高铁速度纪录的是中国。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“For the high-speed train, the key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake well”可知，赵红卫强调制动性能是关键，高铁的关键不是跑得快，而是刹车好。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“It takes only 1.7 seconds to start braking, while the CR400 takes 2.3 seconds.”可知，CR450制动启动时间为1.7秒。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章“In the tests, the brake disc got really hot, reaching temperatures of up to 700℃. Its color changed from black to red.”可知，制动盘高温下呈红色。故选C。 As the Mid-Autumn Festival came on October 6th, 2025., Changsha was full of special celebrations that mixed old traditions with new ideas. The city’s most eye-catching place was surely the 3-meter-tall moon display (展览) at Orange Isle. It was called “Poems (诗) Written to the Moon,” and visitors took photos under the poems hung from sweet-scented trees. At Changsha’s Traditional Culture Museum, the “Moon Over the River” festival brought old customs to life. Families made mooncakes with traditional tools, while children tried making bamboo lanterns and jade rabbit books. In the evening, shadow plays (皮影戏) told classic stories like Chang’e Flying to the Moon, making both local people and tourists happy. The museum’s yard was filled with folk music, including the famous Hunan folk song Moon Cake sung in the local way. High-tech fun was waiting at Window of the World theme (主题) park. There, visitors enjoyed “Shan Hai Jing” themed lantern shows. Students in Hanfu joined free lantern parades (巡游), and everyone felt surprised at the AR lanterns. These lanterns lit up the night sky. Near Meixi Lake, the “AR Starry Sky” activity let people “touch” virtual stars while walking along the lake side. It created magical moments for both kids and adults. Eco-friendly (生态友好的) celebrations were everywhere too. Following new national rules, local bakeries (面包店) used mooncake boxes that are easy to break down naturally. These boxes had only three layers (层). This showed how traditions can help protect the environment. From cultural activities to high-tech fun, Changsha’s Mid-Autumn celebrations proved (证明) that some traditions just get brighter as time goes on. 1．What’s the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． 2．Which of the following activities is a mix of the old and new? A．Shadow plays. B．Poems Written to the Moon. C．Hanfu Parade with AR lanterns. 3．Why did local bakeries use mooncake boxes with only three layers in Paragraph 4? A．To make the boxes look more beautiful. B．To follow new national rules and be eco-friendly. C．To make the boxes easier to carry for people. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Changsha’s High-Tech Festivals B．Traditional Meets Modern in Changsha’s Mid-Autumn C．The History of Mooncake Making in Changsha 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年长沙中秋节的各类庆祝活动，这些活动融合了传统与现代元素，展示了文化传承、高科技体验及环保创新等内容。 1．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总体介绍长沙的中秋节融合了传统与现代；第二段至第五段分别从不同方面(橘子洲的月球展、传统文化博物馆的活动、高科技主题公园的体验、环保月饼盒)展开描述；最后一段总结这次的长沙中秋庆典。因此，文章的结构为总—分—总。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Students in Hanfu joined free lantern parades (巡游), and everyone felt surprised at the AR lanterns.”可知，巡游融合了传统汉服文化和现代增强实现技术，体现了传统与现代的结合。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Following new national rules, local bakeries (面包店) used mooncake boxes that are easy to break down naturally.”和“This showed how traditions can help protect the environment.”可知，当地面包店使用易降解的三层月饼盒是为了遵循国家新规，减少对环境的影响，体现生态友好的理念。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。根据“As the Mid-Autumn Festival came on October 6th, 2025. Changsha was full of special celebrations that mixed old traditions with new ideas.”以及通读全文可知，文章通篇围绕长沙中秋节如何融入传统与现代展开，涵盖文化传承、高科技体验及环保创新等内容。故选B。 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics surprisingly didn’t go to a typical physicist, instead, to two pioneers in machine learning: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton. What they did was to use principles (原理) from physics to make discoveries in machine learning, which pushed the development of AI. This is a perfect example of joining ideas from different subjects to achieve a breakthrough. It is cross-disciplinary learning at its best. In simple terms, cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields, whether it’s science, art, history or technology and using that knowledge to improve our own understanding. Cross-disciplinary learning is nothing new. We have seen many examples over the centuries. Even the ancient Greeks practiced it. They believed that music, math and astronomy (天文学) were interconnected. This helped them make groundbreaking discoveries. Great minds like Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton and Zhang Heng gave us amazing and influential creations because they were inventors, scientists, mathematicians, engineers and more, all at the same time. These inventors used knowledge from many different fields. As they proved (证明), great achievements often come from thinking beyond the boundaries (边界) of a single subject. This is why, nowadays, schools are pushing cross-disciplinary studies. They hope that by drawing from multiple areas, students can contribute to different fields and make a meaningful influence. Cross-disciplinary learning can help you gain new opinions, find creative solutions and, most importantly, better prepare you to deal with the complex (复杂的) challenges of tomorrow. You never know where inspiration (灵感) might come from. Sometimes the best ideas are found in the most unexpected places. So, go ahead, mix it up, learn from everything, and see how far it takes you! 1．What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A．The development of AI. B．The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. C．The work of Hopfield and Hinton. 2．What can we learn about cross-disciplinary learning from the passage? A．It means being open to ideas from different fields. B．It helps find out where your inspiration comes from. C．It was first created and practiced by ancient Greeks. 3．Why does the writer mention great minds in Paragraph 4? A．To tell how they made their inventions. B．To explain why schools push cross-disciplinary learning. C．To show how clever they were. 4．Which of the following is an example of cross-disciplinary learning? A．Listening to music while doing a chemistry experiment. B．Introducing paper-cutting in an English speech. C．Using the idea of air pressure from physics to understand why we have wind. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了跨学科学习，以2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主的研究为例，阐述了跨学科学习的内涵、历史以及其带来的积极影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据“What they did was to use principles from physics to make discoveries in machine learning, which pushed the development of AI. This is a perfect example of joining ideas from different subjects to achieve a breakthrough.”可知，“This”指代的是Hopfield和Hinton的研究工作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In simple terms, cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields...”可知，跨学科学习意味着对不同领域的观点持开放态度。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“These inventors used knowledge from many different fields. As they proved, great achievements often come from thinking beyond the boundaries of a single subject. This is why, nowadays, schools are pushing cross-disciplinary studies.”可知，作者在第四段提到这些伟大的人物是为了解释为什么学校推动跨学科学习。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields...using that knowledge to improve our own understanding.”可知，跨学科学习的本质是运用某一学科知识解决或解释另一学科的问题，选项C“用物理学中的气压原理解释地理学中的风形成”结合了物理学和气象学（自然科学分支）的知识，符合跨学科本质。故选C。 Is sleep important to children? A new study says yes. In America, most people don’t get enough sleep. Children aged between 5 and 12 are advised to sleep 10 to 11 hours every day, but most of them can’t sleep that long. A study found that about 41 million American workers got less than six hours of sleep every night. Scientists worry that parents are passing their bad sleeping habits down to their children. In the study, scientists either added or reduced (减少) one hour of sleep for healthy children aged between 7 and 11. They watched the children for five nights. They wanted to know if the amount of sleep can affect (影响) a child’s behavior. Before the study began, students were asked to sleep the same amount of hours as usual. Their teachers helped record their behavior. After five nights of the children’s sleep changes, the teachers recorded again. According to the two records, scientists found that students with less sleep were not likely (不太可能的) to feel sad and had more problems paying attention. The scientists studied children in their homes instead of in a laboratory. “In the study, we find that small changes in children can really make a big difference.” says a scientist. 1．Scientists worry that ________ may cause children to sleep less. A．too much homework B．pressure from parents C．parents’ bad sleeping habits 2．Scientists did the new study in order to know ________. A．why children can’t get enough sleep. B．how long children should sleep every night. C．if the amount of sleep can affect a child’s behavior. 3．Who helped record children’s behavior in the new study? A．Teachers B．Parents. C．Scientists. 4．According to the new study, children with less sleep ________. A．were more likely to feel excited. B．had more problems paying attention. C．were more active in playing games. 5．The new study was done in ________. A．the children’s homes. B．a classroom. C．a laboratory. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项关于睡眠对儿童行为影响的研究。研究发现，睡眠不足的儿童更容易出现注意力不集中等问题，且研究是在儿童家中而非实验室进行的，强调了微小变化可能带来的巨大影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists worry that parents are passing their bad sleeping habits down to their children.”可知，科学家担心父母的坏睡眠习惯会导致孩子睡眠不足。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They wanted to know if the amount of sleep can affect a child’s behavior.”可知，科学家进行这项新研究是为了了解睡眠量是否会影响孩子的行为。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Their teachers helped record their behavior.”可知，在新研究中，是老师帮助记录孩子们的行为。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the two records, scientists found that students with less sleep were not likely to feel sad and had more problems paying attention.”可知，根据这两项记录，科学家发现睡眠不足的学生不太可能感到悲伤，但注意力更不集中。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第五段“The scientists studied children in their homes instead of in a laboratory.”可知，这项新研究是在孩子们的家中进行的，而不是在实验室。故选A。 Have you ever in such a situation when you’re talking to someone but they keep looking through their phones? This is called “phubbing” (低头族)—a mix of the words “phone” and “snubbing (不理睬)”. When someone is “phubbing”, they’re using their phones to look through the online news, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or spending time with others. Most people would agree that it’s rude to be focused on your phone when you’re spending time with another person. The expert William Hanson thinks so, too. “Phubbing is a no-no!”, he says. “If you have planned to go out with friends, focus on them and not on your phone.” Studies have found that phubbing can damage (损害) your relationships with others. It can make people feel excluded, and those who “phub” are thought of impolite. So science has shown that phubbing is not good for us, but why do we do it? In my opinion, it might be because we are feeling bored, worried or stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted to (沉溺于) checking our phones, especially social media. Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss out on real moments with the people around us. So the next time you’re spending time with a friend or family member, try and keep your phone out of sight! 1．When someone is phubbing, what is he probably doing? A．Buying a phone. B．Looking through online news. C．Talking with people beside him. 2．What does the underlined word “excluded” mean? A．Left out. B．Mad. C．Proud. 3．In the writer’s opinion, why do people become “phubbing”? A．They don’t like to stay with others. B．They need important messages. C．They feel bored or stressed. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To tell what “phubbing” is. B．To help stop people’s many bad habits. C．To encourage people not be phubbing. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了近年来由于智能手机和网络的普及，越来越多的人做“低头族”的现象 ，并号召读者珍惜和身边人在一起的真实时光。 1．细节理解题。根据“When someone is ‘phubbing’, they’re using their phones to look through the online news, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or spending time with others.”可知，当一个人“低头”时，他们可能在用手机查看信息。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Studies have found that phubbing can damage (损害) your relationships with others. It can make people feel excluded, and those who ‘phub’ are thought of impolite.”可知，研究发现低头症会破坏你与他人的关系。它会让人感到……，那些“低头”的人会被认为是不礼貌的。由此推知划线词excluded是“排斥，拒绝接纳”之意。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“In my opinion, it might be because we are feeling bored, worried or stressed.”可知，在作者看来，这可能是因为我们感到无聊、担心或有压力。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss out on real moments with the people around us. So the next time you’re spending time with a friend or family member, try and keep your phone out of sight!”可知，我们应该放下手机，珍惜和身边人在一起的真实时光。故选C。 Barcode (条形码) technology makes it faster and easier to buy things in stores. This year, this great invention is 54 years old! On a Sunday afternoon in 1971, IBM engineer George Laurer came up with a code that could be printed on food labels (商标). It became the basis for the Universal Product Code, which was used by many grocery companies starting in 1973, according to The New York Times. Before this, cashiers (收银员) had to ring up prices by hand. Time has proven it to be a great invention. Today, barcodes are scanned (扫描) over 6 billion times every day and used by 2 million companies worldwide, PR Newswire reported. What information does a barcode contain? Where the product comes from, where it has been, its price, expiration date (保质期)…you name it. It can also help stores keep track of their products. For example, if there are 10 boxes of milk and a customer buys one, it will be recorded so that the store owner knows there are nine boxes left. In the 1980s, libraries started using barcodes to keep track of books in this way. “Its creation allowed the first digitization (数字化) in the control of the stock (库存),” Jose Maria Bonmati from AECOC, a Spanish commercial association, told El Mundo. The next generation of barcodes, such as QR codes, can hold more information. “They can tell consumers (消费者) if a product contains allergens (过敏原) or if it is organic (有机的). This provides consumers with a greater level of trust in the products they buy,” said GS1, an organization that develops global barcode standards. 1．When did barcodes start to be used widely by grocery companies? A．In 1971. B．In 1973. C．In the 1980s. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．What barcodes can be used for. B．What barcodes can help customers do. C．How information is stored in barcodes. 3．What do we know about the QR codes from the last paragraph? A．They are more consumer-friendly. B．They have replaced barcodes in stores. C．They are not as convenient as barcodes. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The history of QR codes. B．Wild ideas lead to inventions. C．Barcodes make life simpler. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了条形码的发明历史、功能应用及技术演进，重点说明其如何提升商业效率和消费者信任度。 1．细节理解题。根据“It became the basis for the Universal Product Code, which was used by many grocery companies starting in 1973, according to The New York Times.”可知，从1973年开始，许多杂货公司都在使用通用产品代码。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段可知，首句设问条形码包含的信息，后文列举条形码包含了商品的产地、价格、库存管理等具体信息；选项A“条形码的用途”全面概括段落核心。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“They can tell consumers (消费者) if a product contains allergens (过敏原) or if it is organic (有机的). This provides consumers with a greater level of trust in the products they buy,”可知，QR码等新一代条码能提供过敏原、有机认证等详细信息，提升消费者对商品的信任度，这对消费者更友好。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了条形码如何简化商业流程和日常生活展开，选项C“条形码使生活更简单”符合文章主旨。故选C。 A burp (打嗝) at the dinner table might land you in trouble but if you were a cow or sheep in New Zealand, it could cost your owner a lot of tax (税). New Zealand’s government recently drew up a plan to tax the greenhouse gases which farm animals produce as part of its efforts to deal with climate change. The government said the tax like this would be the first in the world. It also said farmers should be able to get the money back by increasing the prices of climate friendly products. New Zealand’s farming industry is very important for the country’s economy (经济). Milk products are the nation’s largest export earner (出口创汇产品). The country has around 10 million cattle (牛) and 26 million sheep, compared to just five million people. And about half of New Zealand’s greenhouse gases come from farms. And the reason behind the plan possibly helping with climate change is based on the idea that farm animals produce gases that warm the planet, particularly greenhouse gases from cattle burps and their urine (尿液). New Zealand’s government wants to reduce greenhouse gas production and make the country carbon neutral (碳中和的) by 2050. The move is part of that plan. Farmers would reportedly start to pay in 2025. And all the money from the tax on farms would be put back into the industry to support new technology and research. However, some farm groups disagree with the plan. They argue that the tax would place high costs on the farming industry. 1．Why does New Zealand’s government plan to tax farm animals? A．To make more money from farmers. B．To deal with climate change. C．To reduce the number of farm animals. 2．What is New Zealand’s largest export earner? A．Cattle. B．Milk products. C．Sheep. 3．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．all of New Zealand’s greenhouse gases come from farms B．farmers start to pay for the cattle burps in 2050 C．the money from the tax on farms will be used to support new technology 4．What do some farm groups think of the plan? A．They think it’s good for the environment. B．They think it will help the farming industry. C．They think it will bring high costs to the farming industry. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了新西兰政府计划对农场动物产生的温室气体征税，以应对气候变化。 1．细节理解题。根据“New Zealand’s government recently drew up a plan to tax the greenhouse gases which farm animals produce as part of its efforts to deal with climate change.”可知，新西兰政府计划对农场动物征税是为了应对气候变化。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Milk products are the nation’s largest export earner.”可知，新西兰最大的出口创汇产品是乳制品。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“all the money from the tax on farms would be put back into the industry to support new technology and research.”可知，农场征税所得的资金将用于支持新技术和研究。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“some farm groups disagree with the plan. They argue that the tax would place high costs on the farming industry.”可知，一些农场团体认为该计划会给农业带来高成本。故选C。 Do you like music? Have you ever tried to make your own music with your friends? Maybe you think it’s a little difficult because you need different kinds of musical instruments while making music. But have you ever heard of music made with rubbish or vegetables? What kind of silly music is that, you may ask. Well, there is one group called Stomp. They perform a special percussion (打击乐器) and their music is very fun and energetic. They stomp (跺脚) around the stage and create music by beating or stepping on everyday things. Even rubbish can be instruments. Anything can be a percussion instrument as long as it makes a sound. All you need is your imagination! There is another group called The Vegetable Orchestra that makes all kinds of instruments with vegetables. For example, they make flutes (笛子) with carrots and they hit pumpkins like drums. People can enjoy the smell of vegetables in the air while they listen to the music. What’s more, they can eat fresh vegetable soup made from the instruments when the concert ends. Because the instruments only last for one day, the performers make new ones for each performance. Now you know you don’t need to buy expensive instruments to make music. Just take a look around your house and you can create your own music out of simple everyday objects. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. 2．What can be inferred (推断) about these two groups? A．They make their own instruments to save time. B．They use such instruments to make more money. C．They are creative and good at making such instruments. 3．Which of the following is true about The Vegetable Orchestra? A．They make flutes with cabbages. B．They can make soup from the vegetables used in performance. C．The performers use the same instruments for each performance 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Rubbish can be recycled as musical instruments. B．Music can be made with simple everyday objects. C．Vegetables can make unusual musical instruments. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两个独特的音乐团体——Stomp和The Vegetable Orchestra。这两个团体通过使用日常物品作为乐器来创作音乐，展示了音乐创作的多样性和创造性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Do you like music? Have you ever tried to make your own music with your friends? ... But have you ever heard of music made with rubbish or vegetables?”可知，作者通过一系列问题引入话题，引起读者的兴趣。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“They stomp (跺脚) around the stage and create music by beating or stepping on everyday things. ... All you need is your imagination!”以及“There is another group  called The Vegetable Orchestra that makes all kinds of instruments with  vegetables. For example, they make flutes (笛子) with carrots and they hit pumpkins like drums.”可知，这两个团体富有创造力，擅长利用日常物品制作乐器。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“What’s more, they can eat fresh vegetable soup made from the instruments when the concert ends. ”可知，音乐会结束后，他们可以吃到用乐器做的新鲜蔬菜汤。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Now you know you don’t need to buy expensive instruments to make music. Just take a look around your house and you can create your own music out of simple everyday objects.”可知，文章的核心观点是音乐可以通过简单的日常物品来创作，而不需要昂贵的乐器。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $