作业(6) Unit 1 Science and Scientists-【假期作业】2026年高二英语寒假假期作业（人教版）

作业(六)　Unit 1　Science and Scientists Ⅰ.标记熟悉单词，回查陌生单词 □severe　　　　　 □subscribe □suspect □blame □handle □link □decrease □transform □thinking □steady □initial □cast □shadow □pour □leadership □trace □outstanding □abstract □concept □fault □shift □frustrated □infection □vivid □proof □multiple □intervention □pure □substantial □defend □assistant □gifted Ⅱ.典题展示 假定你是学生会主席李华。下周学校要举办“校园文化周”。你校外教Smith对中国的传统文化很感兴趣，请你写封邮件，邀请他来体验编织(weaving)艺术，内容要点如下： (1)提出邀请； (2)说明活动的内容； (3)期待对方的回复。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [佳作品读] Dear Smith， Knowing your interest in Chinese traditional culture(现在分词短语作状语), I would like to invite you to participate in our upcoming “Campus Culture Week” event and experience the art of weaving. During the Culture Week, we will be organizing various activities aimed at showcasing different aspects of Chinese traditions. One of the highlights will be an interactive workshop on the weaving art. Participants will have the opportunity to learn about the rich history and techniques of weaving, as well as try their hand at creating their own woven artwork, which aims to foster appreciation for our unique traditions(非限制性定语从句). We believe that your presence would not only inspire our students but also provide them with a valuable cross­cultural experience. Looking forward to your positive reply. Yours， Li Hua Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.He constantly finds fault ________ me，but I won't yield to him. 2.It was the ________(gift) girl that came up with such a good idea. 3.I entirely believe that you are not linked ________ what had happened just now. 4.I convinced them to subscribe ________ my plan，but later they changed their minds. 5.Table tennis is ________ an interesting game that people all over the world play it. 6.I was overcome with sadness because I ________(suspect) of stealing his money. 7.The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down ________ a severe illness. 8.In a sense，we should blame the present terrible environment ________ human's over consumption. 9.I have to say ________ his defence because he，an honest man，won't steal anything in the grocery store. 10.In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，________(shift) nervously from one foot to another. Ⅱ.短语选填 take the blame for, thanks to, once and for all, on the decrease, subscribe to, link up，in charge of, above all, in time, be likely to 1.____________ the spread of modern technology, trained workers are now more vital than ever. 2.The demand for tea is _____________________________________________________ each year. 3.The two families ____________ through the marriage of their daughter and son. 4.It is not a theory that is commonly ____________________. 5.Let's get this problem right ____________. 6.The company was ready to ____________ what had happened. 7.The player is under good treatment and the chances are that he will recover himself ____________ for the next game. 8.____________，learn to be confident and independent，and you will surely earn respect. 9.I have been trying to contact the official ____________ transport in the past three hours, but I didn't make it. 10.There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in fat ____________ develop some types of cancers. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。 We began to help pick peaches and then ________________________________________________________________________. 2.你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。 ________________________________________________________________________， so I am specially writing to congratulate you. 3.直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。 It was_______________________________I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened. 4.当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。 When getting along with others，we shouldn't always______________________________________. 5.看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 ①Seeing the fierce snake，___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________.(defend) ②Seeing the fierce snake，___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________.(defence) Ⅰ.阅读理解 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow­up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted (诱惑)by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie­poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information­poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸)with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1.What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test? A.Take an examination alone. B.Show respect for the researchers. C.Share their treats with others. D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 2.According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between ________. A.the calorie­poor world and our good appetites B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 3.What does the author suggest readers do? A.Absorb new information readily. B.Be selective information consumers. C.Use diverse information sources. D.Protect the information environment. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Eat Less，Read More B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C.The Later，the Better D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown­ups Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·全国二卷) Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? __1__ You may know the “feel­good”emotions that come with helping others，but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ·You'll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet，research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.__2__ ·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. __3__ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ·__4__ Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self­confidence.These effects aren't just short­term but have been proved to affect a teen's well­being in the years to come. ·You'll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.__5__ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And，there are tasks for every age and ability，so all your children can feel proud of their work. A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E.For adults，volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before. G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 表达人物的语言行为 语料积累 1.lip n.　嘴唇 2.spot v. 发现 3.kick v. 踢 4.eye contact 目光交流 5.witness v. 目击 6.sob v. 啜泣 7.burst into laughter 突然大笑起来 8.be buried in 埋头于 9.cheer up (使)高兴起来 10.look at sb straight in the eye 直视某人 11.clear­headed 头脑清醒的 12.feel one's way 摸索着前进 13.“How tiresome it must be to stay at home to work on a holiday！” said one of the girls, with a toss of her head.“Susan's grandmother is too strict.” “放假还待在家里干活儿多没劲啊！”其中一个女孩晃着脑袋说，“苏珊的奶奶太严厉了。” 14.As she looked out, she first saw the western sky and some bright, sunset clouds.“Oh, mother！” she exclaimed, “what a splendid sunset！” 向外望去，她首先看见西边的天空，点缀着明亮的落日云。“哦，妈妈！多么美丽壮观的落日啊！”她欢呼起来。 15.Margery sat on the doorstep, and wondered, as the sea sounded louder, and the sunshine grew warmer around her. 玛格丽坐在台阶上，好奇地思考着。大海的声音更大了，她周围的阳光越来越暖和了。 语段写作 Ⅰ.完成句子 1.现在他们又笑又唱，一边互相喊话，一边往篮子里装。 Now they ________________， and ________________as they fill their baskets. 2.太阳透过金黄的叶子俯视着他们。 The sun looks down ________________________________________________________________. 3.岩石为他们准备好了铺满青苔的座位。 ________________________________ them mossy seats. 4.小鸟和松鼠好奇地嘀咕着这些奇怪的人到底在它们的树林里做什么。 The birds and squirrels _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ in their woods. Ⅱ.将以上各句衔接成文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 选择性必修第二册 作业(六)　Unit 1　Science and Scientists 【基础达标】 Ⅰ.1.with　2.gifted　3.to/with　4.to　5.such　6.was suspected　7.with　8.on　9.in　10.shifting Ⅱ.1.Thanks to　2.on the decrease　3.linked up 4.subscribed to　5.once and for all　6.take the blame for 7.in time　8.Above all　9.in charge of　10.are likely to Ⅲ.1.had them delivered to the farmers' houses　2.You have made such great progress　3.not until I experienced the accident that　4.blame others for mistakes　5.①he rushed to defend his son like an arrow　②he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow 【知能演练】 Ⅰ.[语篇解读]　本文是议论文。文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D。 2.C　细节理解题。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us...and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。故选C。 3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...of the mental‘junk food’ in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，A项“欣然接受新信息”；C项“使用多样化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。故选B。 4.D　文章主旨大意题。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家庭志愿服务的意外益处，包括让人感觉时间更充裕、对成年人的健康有益、对青少年有终身积极影响及增进家庭互动等。 1.B　空前以两个提问引出家庭共同活动的需求(寻找使家庭成员凝聚在一起的方式和成员的共同爱好)。空后指出志愿服务对家庭有意外的积极影响。选项B“家庭志愿服务可能正是你需要的”直接回应上文提问，并引出下文的志愿服务对家庭的益处，并形成“提问—建议—展开”的逻辑链。 2.G　本段主要介绍“你会感觉时间更充裕”这一益处。上文提到“人们总是觉得太忙而无法进行志愿服务，但研究发现将时间奉献给社区事业实际上让人感觉时间更充裕”。选项G“志愿服务让你感到有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天”解释了“时间充裕感”的原因，与上文中的研究发现构成因果关系，符合语境。 3.E　空后以华盛顿大学研究为例，说明55岁及以上的志愿者比相同年龄的其他人记忆力更好、整体健康维持更久。选项E“对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处”作为段落主旨句，概括下文研究结论，符合语境。选项E中的“adults”“physical health benefits”与下文“adults 55 and older”“had better memory and maintained overall health longer”呼应。 4.C　空处对应段落指出志愿服务对青少年的积极影响(提升成绩、增强自信、影响未来幸福感)。选项C“志愿服务对儿童和青少年有终身影响”既点明本段对象(kids and teenagers)，又与下文“These effects aren't just short­term but...in the years to come.”呼应。 5.F　空前提到一起做志愿活动的家庭会有为共同目标而奋斗的独特体验。空后指出“每个人都有独特的贡献价值，并以一种新的方式与彼此建立联系”。选项F“你甚至可能发现孩子有你以前不知道的天赋”是“独特体验”的具体表现，承接上文，并呼应下文提到的每个人的独特贡献价值。 【续写提能】 Ⅰ.1.laugh and sing　shout to each other 　2.through the yellow leaves　3.The rocks give　4.wonder what these strange people are doing Ⅱ.Now they laugh and sing, and shout to each other as they fill their baskets. The sun looks down through the yellow leaves；the rocks give them mossy seats；the birds and squirrels wonder what these strange people are doing in their woods. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $