Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“Unit 1 People of Achievement”主题，系统梳理词汇与语法知识体系。从重点单词及变形入手，整合必备词块，进而解析with复合结构、suggest用法等核心语法考点，最后通过易错词辨析构建从基础积累到应用深化的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇-词块-语法-应用”为逻辑主线，结合屠呦呦科研案例渗透文化意识。即学即练与句式仿写设计强化语言能力，易错词对比辨析培养思维品质，助力学生形成语境化、策略化的英语学习方法。

Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 一、重点单词 1． crucial adj．至关重要的；关键性的 2． vital adj．必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3． objective n．目标；目的 adj. 客观的； 4． botanical adj．植物学的 5． evaluate v．评价；评估 6． property n．性质；特征；财产 7． distinct adj．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 8． defeat v. 击败；战胜 9． substance n. 物质；物品；东西 10． circumstance n.条件；环境；状况 11． novelist n．小说家 二、重点单词变形 1. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的→vitally adv. 极其→vitality n. 生命力；活力；热情 2. committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt. 承诺；保证；犯(错误、罪行等)；花(钱/时间)　vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n. 投入；承诺 3. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；学术的→academically adv. 学业上；学术上 4. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的→object n. 物体；目标 v. 反对→objectivity n. 客观性→subjective adj. 主观的 5. botanical adj. 植物学的→botany n. 植物学→botanist n. 植物学家 6. evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评价；评估 7. boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开　vi. 怒火中烧；异常气愤　n. 沸腾；沸点→boiled adj. 煮开的→boiling adj. 沸腾的 8. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctive adj. 独特的；有特色的→distinction n. 差别；区别 9. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行→obtainable adj. 可得到的 10. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢　(微笑、挥手等)致意；告知收悉→acknowledgment/acknowledgement n. 承认；确认；感谢 11. analyse vt. 分析→analyst n. 分析师；分析家→analysis n. 分析→analyses (pl.) 12. apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj. 显而易见的；明显的 13. insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求；坚持说→insistent adj. 坚决要求的；坚持的；固执的→insistence n. 坚决要求；坚持；固执 14. scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientifically adv. 合乎科学地→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2. a committed and patient scientist一位坚定而耐心的科学家 3. with the objective of以……为目的 4. encounter difficulties遇到困难 5. acknowledge defeat承认失败 6. evaluate medical properties评估药用价值 7. by chance偶然间 8. obtain the liquid获得液体 9. draw out the extract提取提取物 10. a substance that worked一种有效的物质 11. discover a crucial treatment发现至关重要的疗法 12. insist on坚决要求 13. be awarded the Nobel Prize被授予诺贝尔奖 14. prove the great value of traditional Chinese medicine证明中医的巨大价值 四、必会考点 1.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. （1）此句中介词短语 with + 名词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面 a team of scientists。含义：怀有、带着（某种目标）。过去分词 chosen 作后置定语，修饰 researchers。 She founded an organization with the goal of helping poor children.她创办机构，目标是帮扶贫困儿童。 The school built a lab with the purpose of improving students’ practical skills.学校修建实验室，用以提升学生实操能力。 （2）objective （一词多义） n. 目标，目的。 adj. 客观的 The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.这次会议的主要目的是进一步介绍我们的计划。 He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening. 他没有客观证据证明有什么非同寻常的事情发生。 （3） among sb 在…中间；在…之中; ....之一 A fifteen year old girl was among the injured. 一个15岁的女孩是受伤人员之一。 【即学即练】 单句填空：The bookstore was created by Chu Chih-kung not long ago, __________ the purpose of increasing people's senses when they read books.. 单句填空：Tea leaves picked before Guyu are _____________ the best tea leaves. 句子翻译：我们的主要目标是让这个孩子安然无恙地恢复健康。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1.with 2. among 3. Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well. 2. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. 一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。 （1）suggest v. 表明 suggest sth/doing sth 词形变化：suggestion (n.) 建议 常见搭配：suggest sth/doing sth ; suggest that sb (should) do sth; It is suggested that sb (should) do sth; 拓展：suggest后接that从句时，从句中常用should+动词原形，should可省略。 The doctor suggested that she should be operated immediately . 医生建议她立刻动手术。 （2）treat （一词多义）v. 治疗; 对待，处理 ；款待 n. 款待，乐趣 常见搭配：treat sb as... 把某人当作……看待； treat sb to sth用…招待；以…款待 He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。 The condition is usually treated with drugs and a strict diet.这种病通常用药物和严格控制饮食进行治疗。 I'm going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes.我打算给自己买双新鞋。 【即学即练】 单句填空：I decided to treat his remark ________ a joke.我决定把他的话当作戏言. 单句填空：About 70% of the cocoa acreage is treated __________ insecticide. 单句填空：She was always treating him ________ ice cream. 单句填空：We took the kids to the zoo as ______ special treat . 句式仿写：妈妈建议我报名参加篮球队，因为我喜欢篮球而且球打得很好。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. as 2.with 3. to 4. a 5. Mum suggested that I (should) sign up for the basketball team because I like basketball and I’m good at playing it. Let's go out for lunch— my treat (= I will pay) .咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。 3.However, Du Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 然而，屠呦呦并未承认失败。 (1) however adv. 然而 (用以引出令人吃惊或形成对比的话语) ; 与but的主要区别是however后需要带逗号“，” This was not an easy decision. However, it is a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty. 这可不是一个轻松的决定。不过我们觉得我们有责任做出这样的的决定。 however有时候还会放在句中，句意不变： This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty. however adv. 不管多么 (用于形容词或副词前表强调) You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before. 不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步。 (2) acknowledge v. 承认（属实）; 承认（权威、地位）; （公开）感谢 a generally acknowledged fact公认的事实 常用句型： be acknowledged to be... 被认为……; It is acknowledged that... 众所周知 ; be acknowledge as... 被认为是… He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。 Therefore, it is acknowledged that Shenzhen has become China's "most livable city," one. 因此，人们承认，深圳已成为中国的“最适宜居住城市”之一。 【即学即练】 单句填空：We thought the figures were correct. ______________, we have now discovered some errors. 单句填空：______________ hard she tried, nothing seemed to work.. 单句填空：She was always treating him ________ ice cream. 单句填空：He is also acknowledged ________ an excellent goalkeeper.. 句式仿写：人们承认，深圳已成为中国的“最适宜居住城市”之一。(It is acknowledged that...) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 2. However 2.However 3. as 4. a 5. It is acknowledged that Shenzhen has become China's "most livable city". 4.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. 该团队研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用价值进行了评估。 (1) evaluate vt. 估计；评价；评估 （关注词形变化） We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。 The market situation is difficult to evaluate. 市场形势难以评估。 词形变化：evaluation n. 评价；评估 evaluative adj. 评价的，评估的 (2) property n. 财产；财物; 性质；特性; 房地产 （一词多义） This building is government property.这座大楼是政府的财产。 They discovered a plant with medicinal properties他们发现了一种有药用性质的植物。 a property developer房地产开发商 【即学即练】 单句填空：Compare the ____________ ____________ of the two substances.比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。 句式仿写：我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. physical properties 2. We need to evaluate how well the policy is working. 5. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.根据他们的研究，他们发现了并测试了380种不同的古代中医治疗方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面显示出潜力。 (1) distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的; 截然不同的；有区别的； There was a distinct smell of gas.有一股明显的煤气味。 Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。 搭配：be distinct from... 区别：different：日常口语、普通场合用； distinct 更加书面，正式；表 “界限清晰、极易区分” (2) treatment n. 治疗；疗法; 对待；待遇; 处理，加工; (一词多义） He is receiving treatment for shock.他正在接受休克治疗。 We don't want any special treatment. 我们不需要任何特殊待遇。 an effective treatment for dry rot 防治干腐病的有效方法 (3) show promise in... 在……方面显示出潜力或前途 Drugs that may show promise in slowing or stopping the condition can be tested by adding them directly to the disease-carrying brain cells in the lab. 一些可能有助于延缓或阻止该疾病的药物，可以通过将它们直接添加到实验室中携带疾病的脑细胞来测试。 【即学即练】 单句填空： Many patients are not getting the medical _____________ (treat) they need. There are various _______________ (treatment) available for this condition。 句子翻译：你在音乐方面有潜力，但是你懒于练习使你毫无进展。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. treatment 2. treatments 3. You show promise in music, but your lack of practice is holding you back. 一、易错词 1. objective / object objective：n. 目标；目的 ；adj. 客观的 object：n. 物品，物体，对象，宾语。 objective 用于名词主要是目标、目的的意思。object做名词主要是物品，对象的意思。 You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself.你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标。 Glass and plastic objects lined the shelves.架子上排列着玻璃和塑料制品。 objective 做形容词表示客观的意思 如：objective reality客观现实 ;（object无形容词） object 做动词有反对的意思：object to sth I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。 2. substance / matter substance 指某种具体物质（细分、化学专用）； matter （物理大概念）物质的统称， Matter exists everywhere in the universe.宇宙中物质无处不在。（统称，只能用 matter） The soil contains several harmful substances.土壤含有多种有害物质。（具体化学材料，只能 substances） Water is a substance; water belongs to matter.水是一种物质（substance）；水属于广义物质（matter） 常见句型/搭配： What’s the matter? 怎么了？ in substance 实质上 3. crucial / vital / important 程度：important（普通重要）＜ crucial（决定性关键）≈ vital（不可或缺、生死攸关） important： 通用基础词，中性；仅表示 “重要” crucial： 决定性的、紧要关头的；侧重：这一步将直接决定成败、走向转折点 vital: 本义 “生命的”；侧重：维持存在/运转; 缺一不可、生死攸关 It is important to respect your teammates.尊重队友是很重要的。（普通道理） The next 10 minutes are crucial; one goal can change everything. 接下来十分钟至关紧要，一粒进球就能改写局面。（转折点、决定胜负） Physical fitness is vital for professional footballers.体能对职业球员而言不可或缺。（基础必备条件） 共同句型： a。Sth. be important/crucial/vital to/for sth. b. It is + adj. to do sth. It is vital/crucial that sb. (should) do（虚拟语气，should 可省略；important一般不接虚拟语气） It is vital that every player (should) follow the coach’s plan. 4. apparently / obviously obviously：显而易见，说话人认定事实确凿； apparently：看上去似乎如此，说话人保留一丝不确定，信息多是听来、观察推测的，未必是真相。 Obviously, he is the best player in the team. He apparently lost the match. Obviously he is tired.一眼就能看出来他很累（神态动作清清楚楚）。 Apparently he is tired.看起来他好像累了（只是我的推测，不一定准确）。 Obviously，the door is open; someone must have come in.（证据清晰） Apparently，they will cancel the training. I heard it from others.（道听途说） 三、短语搭配易错 1. insist a. insist on sth./doing sth. 坚持（做）某事 He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说他是无辜的。 She insisted on his/him wearing a suit.她坚持要他穿西装。 They insist on playing their music late at night.已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。 b. insist that sb (should) do sth: 坚持某人做某事（insist后家that从句时需使用虚拟语气should do，should可以省略） He insists that she come. = He insists that she should come. 他执意要她来 2.lead a. lead to + 事物（名词 /doing）: 导致；引发；通向（主语通常是事件、行为、因素） lead to failure 导致失败 lead to misunderstanding 造成误解 lead to doing sth Carelessness leads to mistakes.粗心会引发错误。 The road leads to the stadium.这条路通向体育场。 b. lead sb to sth: 带领某人去到某处（方位）; 使某人得出（某种结论 / 想法） He led me to the office.他带我来到办公室。 This evidence led him to the truth.这些线索让他找到了真相。 c. lead sb to do sth 使得某人去做某事（to 此处是不定式符号） The discovery led scientists to rethink the theory.这一发现让科学家重新思考这套理论。 The defeat led him to change his training method. 这次失利促使他改变训练方式。 $Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 一、重点单词 1．___________________ adj．至关重要的；关键性的 2．___________________ adj．必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3．___________________ n．目标；目的 adj. 客观的； 4．___________________ adj．植物学的 5．___________________ v．评价；评估 6．___________________ n．性质；特征；财产 7．___________________ adj．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 8．___________________ v. 击败；战胜 9．___________________ n. 物质；物品；东西 10．___________________ n.条件；环境；状况 11．___________________ n．小说家 二、重点单词变形 1. _______________ adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的→_______________ adv. 极其→_______________ n. 生命力；活力；热情 2. _______________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→_______________ vt. 承诺；保证；犯(错误、罪行等)；花(钱/时间)　vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→_______________ n. 投入；承诺 3. _______________ n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→_______________ adj. 学业的；学术的→_______________ adv. 学业上；学术上 4. _______________ n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的→_______________ n. 物体；目标 v. 反对→_______________ n. 客观性→subjective adj. 主观的 5. _______________ adj. 植物学的→_______________ n. 植物学→_______________ n. 植物学家 6. _______________ vt. 评价；评估→_______________ n. 评价；评估 7. _______________ vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开　vi. 怒火中烧；异常气愤　n. 沸腾；沸点→_______________ adj. 煮开的→_______________ adj. 沸腾的 8. _______________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_______________ adj. 独特的；有特色的→_______________ n. 差别；区别 9. _______________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行→_______________ adj. 可得到的 10. _______________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢　(微笑、挥手等)致意；告知收悉→_______________ /_______________ n. 承认；确认；感谢 11. _______________ vt. 分析→_______________ n. 分析师；分析家→_______________ n. 分析→_______________ (pl.) 12. _______________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→_______________ adj. 显而易见的；明显的 13. _______________ vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求；坚持说→_______________ adj. 坚决要求的；坚持的；固执的→_______________ n. 坚决要求；坚持；固执 14. _______________ adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→_______________ adv. 合乎科学地→_______________ n. 科学→_______________ n. 科学家 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. _______________________________ 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2. _______________________________ 一位坚定而耐心的科学家 3. _______________________________ 以……为目的 4. _______________________________ 遇到困难 5. _______________________________ 承认失败 6. _______________________________ 评估药用价值 7. _______________________________ 偶然间 8. _______________________________ 获得液体 9. _______________________________ 提取提取物 10. _______________________________ 一种有效的物质 11. _______________________________ 发现至关重要的疗法 12. _______________________________ 坚决要求 13. _______________________________ 被授予诺贝尔奖 14. _______________________________ 证明中医的巨大价值 四、必会考点 1.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. （1）此句中介词短语 with + 名词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面 a team of scientists。含义：怀有、带着（某种目标）。过去分词 chosen 作后置定语，修饰 researchers。 She founded an organization with the goal of helping poor children.她创办机构，目标是帮扶贫困儿童。 The school built a lab with the purpose of improving students’ practical skills.学校修建实验室，用以提升学生实操能力。 （2）objective （一词多义） n. 目标，目的。 adj. 客观的 The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.这次会议的主要目的是进一步介绍我们的计划。 He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening. 他没有客观证据证明有什么非同寻常的事情发生。 （3） among sb 在…中间；在…之中; ....之一 A fifteen year old girl was among the injured. 一个15岁的女孩是受伤人员之一。 【即学即练】 单句填空：The bookstore was created by Chu Chih-kung not long ago, __________ the purpose of increasing people's senses when they read books.. 单句填空：Tea leaves picked before Guyu are _____________ the best tea leaves. 句子翻译：我们的主要目标是让这个孩子安然无恙地恢复健康。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. 一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。 （1）suggest v. 表明 suggest sth/doing sth 词形变化：suggestion (n.) 建议 常见搭配：suggest sth/doing sth ; suggest that sb (should) do sth; It is suggested that sb (should) do sth; 拓展：suggest后接that从句时，从句中常用should+动词原形，should可省略。 The doctor suggested that she should be operated immediately . 医生建议她立刻动手术。 （2）treat （一词多义）v. 治疗; 对待，处理 ；款待 n. 款待，乐趣 常见搭配：treat sb as... 把某人当作……看待； treat sb to sth用…招待；以…款待 He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。 The condition is usually treated with drugs and a strict diet.这种病通常用药物和严格控制饮食进行治疗。 I'm going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes.我打算给自己买双新鞋。 【即学即练】 单句填空：I decided to treat his remark ________ a joke.我决定把他的话当作戏言. 单句填空：About 70% of the cocoa acreage is treated __________ insecticide. 单句填空：She was always treating him ________ ice cream. 单句填空：We took the kids to the zoo as ______ special treat . 句式仿写：妈妈建议我报名参加篮球队，因为我喜欢篮球而且球打得很好。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Let's go out for lunch— my treat (= I will pay) .咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。 3.However, Du Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 然而，屠呦呦并未承认失败。 (1) however adv. 然而 (用以引出令人吃惊或形成对比的话语) ; 与but的主要区别是however后需要带逗号“，” This was not an easy decision. However, it is a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty. 这可不是一个轻松的决定。不过我们觉得我们有责任做出这样的的决定。 however有时候还会放在句中，句意不变： This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty. however adv. 不管多么 (用于形容词或副词前表强调) You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before. 不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步。 (2) acknowledge v. 承认（属实）; 承认（权威、地位）; （公开）感谢 a generally acknowledged fact公认的事实 常用句型： be acknowledged to be... 被认为……; It is acknowledged that... 众所周知 ; be acknowledge as... 被认为是… He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。 Therefore, it is acknowledged that Shenzhen has become China's "most livable city," one. 因此，人们承认，深圳已成为中国的“最适宜居住城市”之一。 【即学即练】 单句填空：We thought the figures were correct. ______________, we have now discovered some errors. 单句填空：______________ hard she tried, nothing seemed to work.. 单句填空：She was always treating him ________ ice cream. 单句填空：He is also acknowledged ________ an excellent goalkeeper.. 句式仿写：人们承认，深圳已成为中国的“最适宜居住城市”之一。(It is acknowledged that...) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. 该团队研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用价值进行了评估。 (1) evaluate vt. 估计；评价；评估 （关注词形变化） We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。 The market situation is difficult to evaluate. 市场形势难以评估。 词形变化：evaluation n. 评价；评估 evaluative adj. 评价的，评估的 (2) property n. 财产；财物; 性质；特性; 房地产 （一词多义） This building is government property.这座大楼是政府的财产。 They discovered a plant with medicinal properties他们发现了一种有药用性质的植物。 a property developer房地产开发商 【即学即练】 单句填空：Compare the ____________ ____________ of the two substances.比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。 句式仿写：我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.根据他们的研究，他们发现了并测试了380种不同的古代中医治疗方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面显示出潜力。 (1) distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的; 截然不同的；有区别的； There was a distinct smell of gas.有一股明显的煤气味。 Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。 搭配：be distinct from... 区别：different：日常口语、普通场合用； distinct 更加书面，正式；表 “界限清晰、极易区分” (2) treatment n. 治疗；疗法; 对待；待遇; 处理，加工; (一词多义） He is receiving treatment for shock.他正在接受休克治疗。 We don't want any special treatment. 我们不需要任何特殊待遇。 an effective treatment for dry rot 防治干腐病的有效方法 (3) show promise in... 在……方面显示出潜力或前途 Drugs that may show promise in slowing or stopping the condition can be tested by adding them directly to the disease-carrying brain cells in the lab. 一些可能有助于延缓或阻止该疾病的药物，可以通过将它们直接添加到实验室中携带疾病的脑细胞来测试。 【即学即练】 单句填空： Many patients are not getting the medical _____________ (treat) they need. There are various _______________ (treatment) available for this condition。 句子翻译：你在音乐方面有潜力，但是你懒于练习使你毫无进展。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、易错词 1. objective / object objective：n. 目标；目的 ；adj. 客观的 object：n. 物品，物体，对象，宾语。 objective 用于名词主要是目标、目的的意思。object做名词主要是物品，对象的意思。 You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself.你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标。 Glass and plastic objects lined the shelves.架子上排列着玻璃和塑料制品。 objective 做形容词表示客观的意思 如：objective reality客观现实 ;（object无形容词） object 做动词有反对的意思：object to sth I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。 1. substance / matter substance 指某种具体物质（细分、化学专用）； matter （物理大概念）物质的统称， Matter exists everywhere in the universe.宇宙中物质无处不在。（统称，只能用 matter） The soil contains several harmful substances.土壤含有多种有害物质。（具体化学材料，只能 substances） Water is a substance; water belongs to matter.水是一种物质（substance）；水属于广义物质（matter） 常见句型/搭配： What’s the matter? 怎么了？ in substance 实质上 2. crucial / vital / important 程度：important（普通重要）＜ crucial（决定性关键）≈ vital（不可或缺、生死攸关） important： 通用基础词，中性；仅表示 “重要” crucial： 决定性的、紧要关头的；侧重：这一步将直接决定成败、走向转折点 vital: 本义 “生命的”；侧重：维持存在/运转; 缺一不可、生死攸关 It is important to respect your teammates.尊重队友是很重要的。（普通道理） The next 10 minutes are crucial; one goal can change everything. 接下来十分钟至关紧要，一粒进球就能改写局面。（转折点、决定胜负） Physical fitness is vital for professional footballers.体能对职业球员而言不可或缺。（基础必备条件） 共同句型： a。Sth. be important/crucial/vital to/for sth. b. It is + adj. to do sth. It is vital/crucial that sb. (should) do（虚拟语气，should 可省略；important一般不接虚拟语气） It is vital that every player (should) follow the coach’s plan. 3. apparently / obviously obviously：显而易见，说话人认定事实确凿； apparently：看上去似乎如此，说话人保留一丝不确定，信息多是听来、观察推测的，未必是真相。 Obviously, he is the best player in the team. He apparently lost the match. Obviously he is tired.一眼就能看出来他很累（神态动作清清楚楚）。 Apparently he is tired.看起来他好像累了（只是我的推测，不一定准确）。 Obviously，the door is open; someone must have come in.（证据清晰） Apparently，they will cancel the training. I heard it from others.（道听途说） 三、短语搭配易错 1. insist a. insist on sth./doing sth. 坚持（做）某事 He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说他是无辜的。 She insisted on his/him wearing a suit.她坚持要他穿西装。 They insist on playing their music late at night.已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。 b. insist that sb (should) do sth: 坚持某人做某事（insist后家that从句时需使用虚拟语气should do，should可以省略） He insists that she come. = He insists that she should come. 他执意要她来 2.lead a. lead to + 事物（名词 /doing）: 导致；引发；通向（主语通常是事件、行为、因素） lead to failure 导致失败 lead to misunderstanding 造成误解 lead to doing sth Carelessness leads to mistakes.粗心会引发错误。 The road leads to the stadium.这条路通向体育场。 b. lead sb to sth: 带领某人去到某处（方位）; 使某人得出（某种结论 / 想法） He led me to the office.他带我来到办公室。 This evidence led him to the truth.这些线索让他找到了真相。 c. lead sb to do sth 使得某人去做某事（to 此处是不定式符号） The discovery led scientists to rethink the theory.这一发现让科学家重新思考这套理论。 The defeat led him to change his training method. 这次失利促使他改变训练方式。 $