内容正文:
译林英语八下Unit4单词讲解
(按教材单词表顺序)
1. read /riːd/ (n. 读物,书(或文章等))
常见搭配:a good read(一本好书);light reading(轻松读物);bedtime reading(睡前读物)
考点提示:可数名词,特指“值得一读的书或文章”;注意动词形式read的过去式、过去分词仍为read,发音变为/red/,需区分词性与发音
经典例句:This novel is a wonderful read for teenagers.
2. fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ (n. 小说)
常见搭配:science fiction(科幻小说);detective fiction(侦探小说);historical fiction(历史小说)
考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;对应反义词为non-fiction(非虚构作品),常用搭配“read fiction”(读小说)
经典例句:He enjoys reading science fiction in his free time.
3. non-fiction /ˌnɒn ˈfɪkʃn/ (n. 非虚构作品)
常见搭配:historical non-fiction(历史纪实作品);non-fiction books(非虚构书籍);popular non-fiction(通俗纪实作品)
考点提示:不可数名词,由“non-”前缀加fiction构成,与“fiction(虚构小说)”相对,特指基于真实事件、人物的作品
经典例句:This book is a non-fiction about space exploration.
4. made-up /ˈmeɪd ʌp/ (adj. 不真实的,编造的)
常见搭配:a made-up story(编造的故事);made-up characters(虚构的人物);made-up excuses(编造的借口)
考点提示:复合形容词,由“make up(编造、组成)”的过去分词形式转化而来,只能作定语修饰名词,不能作表语
经典例句:The movie is based on a made-up story.
5. novel /ˈnɒvl/ (n. (长篇)小说)
常见搭配:a detective novel(侦探小说);write a novel(写小说);classic novel(经典小说);a science fiction novel(科幻长篇小说)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为novels,特指篇幅较长的小说;也可作形容词,表“新颖的”,如a novel idea(新颖的想法)
经典例句:She is reading a classic novel by Charles Dickens.
6. crash /kræʃ/ (vi. 撞击,碰撞)
常见搭配:crash into a tree(撞到树上);car crash(车祸);crash against the wall(撞到墙上);crash down(倒塌)
考点提示:可作动词或名词;动词为不及物动词,过去式、过去分词均为crashed;名词表“车祸、碰撞”时为可数名词
经典例句:The car crashed into a wall in the accident.
7. be tired out (固定短语)
常见搭配:be tired out after work(下班后筋疲力尽);be tired out from running(跑累了);be totally tired out(完全累垮)
考点提示:固定短语,表“累极了,筋疲力尽”,语气比be tired更强,主语通常为人,不能用于修饰物
经典例句:We were tired out after the long hike.
8. stomach /ˈstʌmək/ (n. 腹部;胃)
常见搭配:stomach ache(胃痛);have a stomach problem(胃有问题);empty stomach(空腹);full stomach(饱腹)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为stomachs(注意结尾加s,而非es);发音为/ˈstʌmək/,重音在首音节
经典例句:She has a stomach ache and needs to see a doctor.
9. fall over (固定短语)
常见搭配:fall over a stone(被石头绊倒);fall over in the snow(在雪地里摔倒);fall over oneself(匆忙、跌跌撞撞)
考点提示:固定短语,表“摔倒,绊倒”,强调因障碍物或失衡而向前摔倒,不及物,后面不直接接宾语
经典例句:He ran too fast and fell over on the road.
10. continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ (vt. & vi. 继续)
常见搭配:continue doing sth.(继续做某事);continue to do sth.(继续做另一件事);continue with sth.(继续某事)
考点提示:及物或不及物动词,后接动名词或不定式时含义基本一致,区别在于doing表持续做同一件事,to do表接着做另一件事
经典例句:She continued working after a short break.
11. either /ˈaɪðə(r)/; /ˈiːðə(r)/ (adv. 也)
常见搭配:I don’t like it either.(我也不喜欢);He can’t swim either.(他也不会游泳);either...or...(要么……要么……)
考点提示:作副词时用于否定句末尾,前面加逗号,表“也”;作代词时表“两者之一”,常用结构either of...;作连词时构成either...or...句型
经典例句:He didn’t finish his homework, and I didn’t either.
12. pull /pʊl/ (vt. & vi. 抽出;拉,拖)
常见搭配:pull the door(拉门);pull out(拔出、抽出);pull sb. up(拉某人起来);pull together(齐心协力)
考点提示:及物或不及物动词,过去式、过去分词均为pulled;反义词为push(推),注意区分“拉”与“推”的动作
经典例句:Please pull the chair closer to the table.
13. rope /rəʊp/ (n. 绳)
常见搭配:a piece of rope(一根绳子);jump rope(跳绳);tie with a rope(用绳子绑);rope ladder(绳梯)
考点提示:可数或不可数名词,泛指“绳子”时为不可数,特指“一根绳子”时需加a piece of;美式英语中jump rope也可表示“跳绳”这项运动
经典例句:They used a rope to climb up the hill.
14. break free (固定短语)
常见搭配:break free from the cage(挣脱笼子);break free from poverty(摆脱贫困);break free of constraints(摆脱束缚)
考点提示:固定短语,表“设法逃脱,努力挣脱”,不及物,后接介词from引出被摆脱的对象,强调主动挣脱的动作
经典例句:The bird broke free from the net and flew away.
15. army /ˈɑːmi/ (n. 大批,大群;军队)
常见搭配:an army of ants(一大群蚂蚁);join the army(参军);the army(军队);a large army(一支庞大的军队)
考点提示:可数名词,“军队”时常用the army,谓语动词可单数可复数;“大群”时常用an army of + 复数名词,表“大量的”
经典例句:An army of volunteers came to help with the project.
16. straight /streɪt/ (adv. 径直;笔直地)
常见搭配:go straight(直走);straight away(立即);keep straight(保持直行);sit straight(坐直)
考点提示:可作副词或形容词,形容词表“直的、笔直的”,修饰名词;副词表“径直地、笔直地”,修饰动词;注意发音为/streɪt/,无比较级和最高级
经典例句:Go straight along the street and you’ll find the shop.
17. right away (固定短语)
常见搭配:do it right away(立即去做);leave right away(马上离开);reply right away(立刻回复)
考点提示:固定短语,表“立即,马上”,语气较强,相当于at once、immediately,可置于句末或句中
经典例句:Please call me right away if you need help.
18. discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ (vt. 讨论,谈论,商量)
常见搭配:discuss the plan(讨论计划);discuss with sb.(与某人讨论);discuss sth. in detail(详细讨论某事)
考点提示:及物动词,后接名词、代词或宾语从句,不能接不定式(to do);名词形式为discussion,常用搭配have a discussion(进行讨论)
经典例句:We will discuss the problem in the meeting.
19. clear /klɪə(r)/ (adj. 了解清楚的;清澈的;晴朗的)
常见搭配:clear water(清澈的水);make it clear(说明白);clear sky(晴朗的天空);clear mind(清醒的头脑)
考点提示:可作形容词或动词;形容词表多种含义,需结合语境判断;动词表“清除、使清楚”,副词形式为clearly(清楚地)
经典例句:The sky is clear and blue today.
20. advise /ədˈvaɪz/ (vt. 提出建议)
常见搭配:advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事);advise doing sth.(建议做某事);advise sb. against doing sth.(建议某人不要做某事)
考点提示:及物动词,名词形式为advice(不可数名词,不能加s);注意“建议某人做某事”用advise sb. to do,不能用advise sb. doing
经典例句:The teacher advised us to read more books.
21. hand in (固定短语)
常见搭配:hand in homework(交作业);hand in the report(交报告);hand in an application(提交申请)
考点提示:固定动词短语,表“提交,呈交,上交”,为及物短语,宾语可置于hand和in之间,也可置于in之后
经典例句:You must hand in your project by Friday.
22. review /rɪˈvjuː/ (n. 评论)
常见搭配:a book review(书评);write a review(写评论);a movie review(影评);a product review(产品评论)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为reviews;也可作动词,表“复习、评论”,如review lessons(复习功课)
经典例句:I read a review of the new movie online.
23. timetable /ˈtaɪmteɪbl/ (n. 时间安排;时刻表)
常见搭配:a school timetable(学校时间表);train timetable(火车时刻表);exam timetable(考试时间表);adjust the timetable(调整时间安排)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为timetables,由“time + table”构成复合名词,可指具体的时刻表或抽象的时间规划
经典例句:The teacher gave us the exam timetable today.
24. summary /ˈsʌməri/ (n. 总结)
常见搭配:a summary of the lesson(课程总结);write a summary(写总结);a brief summary(简要总结);a detailed summary(详细总结)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为summaries(变y为i加es);动词形式为summarize,表“总结、概括”
经典例句:Please write a summary of the passage.
25. give away (固定短语)
常见搭配:give away secrets(泄露秘密);give away gifts(赠送礼物);give away a prize(颁发奖品);give away one’s position(暴露位置)
考点提示:固定动词短语,表双重含义“泄露,暴露”或“赠送,颁发”,需结合语境判断含义
经典例句:He gave away the surprise by accident.
26. ending /ˈendɪŋ/ (n. 结尾,结局)
常见搭配:a happy ending(圆满结局);the ending of the story(故事的结尾);a sad ending(悲惨结局);an unexpected ending(意外结局)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为endings;动词形式为end,表“结束、终止”,ending特指故事、电影、文章等的结尾部分
经典例句:The movie has a surprising ending.
27. rule /ruːl/ (n. 规章;规则)
常见搭配:school rules(校规);follow the rules(遵守规则);break the rules(违反规则);traffic rules(交通规则)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为rules;也可作动词,表“统治、支配”,如rule a country(统治一个国家)
经典例句:You must follow the safety rules in the lab.
28. first of all (固定短语)
常见搭配:first of all, we need to prepare(首先,我们需要准备);first of all, let’s start(首先,我们开始吧)
考点提示:固定短语,表“第一,首先”,用于列举要点时引出第一个内容,语气正式,可置于句首,后接逗号
经典例句:First of all, let’s introduce ourselves.
29. librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ (n. 图书管理员)
常见搭配:a school librarian(学校图书管理员);library librarian(图书馆管理员);ask the librarian for help(向图书管理员求助)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为librarians;对应名词为library(图书馆),由library变y为i加arian构成职业名词
经典例句:The librarian helped me find the book I needed.
30. check out (固定短语)
常见搭配:check out books(借书);check out of the hotel(退房);check out the information(核实信息);check out a product(查看产品)
考点提示:固定动词短语,表多重含义,在图书馆场景中表“(从图书馆等)借出”,在酒店场景中表“退房”,还可表“核实、查看”
经典例句:You can check out up to 5 books at a time.
31. publishing house (固定短语)
常见搭配:a famous publishing house(著名出版社);a local publishing house(地方出版社);work in a publishing house(在出版社工作)
考点提示:固定名词短语,表“出版社”,为可数名词,复数形式为publishing houses,publishing为动名词作定语修饰house
经典例句:His book was published by a well-known publishing house.
32. unwilling /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/ (adj. 不愿意)
常见搭配:be unwilling to do sth.(不愿意做某事);be unwilling to help(不愿意帮忙);unwilling to change(不愿意改变)
考点提示:形容词,由“un-”前缀加willing(愿意的)构成,反义词为willing;常用搭配为be unwilling to do sth.,后接不定式
经典例句:He is unwilling to change his mind.
33. sale /seɪl/ (n. 销售量,销售,出售)
常见搭配:for sale(待售);on sale(促销);sales volume(销售量);summer sale(夏季促销)
考点提示:可数或不可数名词;注意“on sale”在英美含义不同,英式英语中表“促销”,美式英语中可表“出售、促销”;形容词形式为salable(可销售的)
经典例句:The store has a big sale this weekend.
34. copy /ˈkɒpi/ (n. 一本(份, 册);复制品)
常见搭配:a copy of the book(一本书);make a copy(复制一份);a copy of the report(一份报告);original copy(原件)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为copies;也可作动词,表“复制、抄写”,如copy the words(抄单词)
经典例句:I need a copy of the report for my boss.
35. especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ (adv. 尤其,特别)
常见搭配:especially in winter(尤其在冬天);especially important(尤其重要);especially for sb.(尤其对某人而言)
考点提示:副词,用于强调程度或范围,可放在句首、句中或句末,修饰形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子;区别于specially(专门地)
经典例句:I love all fruits, especially apples.
36. literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ (n. 文学)
常见搭配:classic literature(古典文学);English literature(英国文学);world literature(世界文学);literature works(文学作品)
考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为literary(文学的),派生词为literary(文学家)
经典例句:She studies literature at university.
37. must-read /ˈmʌst riːd/ (n. 必读的东西)
常见搭配:a must-read book(必读的书);a must-read article(必读的文章);a must-read for students(学生必读之物)
考点提示:复合名词,由“must + read”构成,常用作定语修饰名词,也可单独作名词,表“必须读的内容”
经典例句:This novel is a must-read for all students.
38. publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/ (n. 出版人(或机构))
常见搭配:a book publisher(图书出版社);a newspaper publisher(报纸出版商);work with a publisher(与出版商合作)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为publishers;动词形式为publish(出版、发表),对应名词还有publishing(出版业)
经典例句:The publisher decided to print more copies of the book.
39. pirate /ˈpaɪrət/ (vt. 盗印,窃用;n. 盗版者;海盗)
常见搭配:pirate movies(盗版电影);a pirate ship(海盗船);pirate software(盗版软件);a software pirate(软件盗版者)
考点提示:可作动词或名词;动词表“盗印、窃用”,过去式、过去分词为pirated;名词可表“盗版者”或“海盗”,均为可数名词
经典例句:It is illegal to pirate music or movies.
40. reader /ˈriːdə(r)/ (n. 读者)
常见搭配:a magazine reader(杂志读者);a speed reader(快速阅读者);young readers(青少年读者);attract readers(吸引读者)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为readers;动词形式为read(阅读、朗读),派生词还有readable(易读的)
经典例句:The book has millions of readers around the world.
41. difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ (n. 困难)
常见搭配:have difficulty (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难);face difficulties(面临困难);overcome difficulties(克服困难);financial difficulty(经济困难)
考点提示:可数或不可数名词,表“具体的困难”时为可数,表“抽象的困难”时为不可数;形容词形式为difficult(困难的)
经典例句:He has difficulty in learning English grammar.
42. have difficulty (in) doing sth (固定句型)
常见搭配:have difficulty in finishing the task(完成任务有困难);have difficulty in speaking English(说英语有困难)
考点提示:固定句型,表“做某事有困难”,in可省略,difficulty前可加much、great等修饰词;同义句型为have trouble (in) doing sth.
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