内容正文:
Unit 4 A good read 单元核心知识(背诵版)
一、核心词汇(黑体部分为重点词汇)
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read /riːd/n. 读物,书(或文章等)
novel /ˈnɒvl/n. (长篇)小说
be tired out累极了
stomach /ˈstʌmək/n. 腹部;胃
fall over摔倒
continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/vt. & vi. 继续
either /ˈaɪðə(r)/; /ˈiːðə(r)/adv. 也
pull /pʊl/vt. & vi. 抽出;拉,拖
rope /rəʊp/n. 绳
break free 设法逃脱,努力挣脱
army /ˈɑːmi/n. 大批,大群;军队
straight /streɪt/adv. 径直;笔直地
right away立即,马上
discuss /dɪˈskʌs/vt. 讨论,谈论,商量
clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 了解清楚的;清澈的;晴朗的
advise /ədˈvaɪz/vt. 提出建议
hand in 短语 提交,呈交,上交
review /rɪˈvjuː/n. 评论
timetable /ˈtaɪmteɪbl/n. 时间安排;时刻表
give away 泄露,暴露
ending /ˈendɪŋ/n. 结尾,结局
rule /ruːl/n. 规章;规则
first of all 首先
check out (从图书馆等)借出
publishing house 出版社
unwilling /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/adj. 不愿意
sale /seɪl/n. 销售量;销售,出售
copy /ˈkɒpi/n. (本,册);复制品
especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/adv. 尤其,特别
literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/n. 文学
must-read /ˈmʌst riːd/n. 必读的东西
publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/n. 出版人(或机构)
pirate /ˈpaɪrət/vt. 盗印,盗用
reader /ˈriːdə(r)/n. 读者
difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/n. 困难
have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
copyright /ˈkɒpiraɪt/n. 版权,著作权
agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/n. 同意;一致;协议
market /ˈmɑːkɪt/n. 市场
excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/vt. 原谅
excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/n. 理由,借口
excuse me劳驾,请原谅
at a time 每次
within /wɪˈðɪn/prep. 在……之内
describe /dɪˈskraɪb/vt. 描述
faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ/adj. 遥远的
island /ˈaɪlənd/n. 岛
though /ðəʊ/conj. 尽管
二、核心短语
中文
英文
一种开拓思维的好方法
a good way to open our minds
选择读什么
choose what to read
此刻;目前
at the moment
历史书迷
a fan of history books
探索一个男孩丰富的内心世界
explore the rich inner life of a boy
以第一人称
in the first person
值得一读
be worth reading
撞在岩石上
crash against the rocks
尽我所能游远
swim as far as I could
筋疲力尽
be tired out
摔倒
fall down
入睡
fall asleep
被绑在地上
be tied to the ground
感觉有东西在我肚子上蠕动
feel something move up over my stomach
和我的小拇指一样大
the same size as my little finger
对他们大喊
shout at them
摔倒;绊倒
fall over
继续在我身上移动
continue moving across my body
把一只手从绳子里抽出来
pull one hand out of the rope
设法挣脱
manage to break free
一大群……
a huge army of...
从他们身边逃走
run away from them
如何逃离
how to get away
向我扔小树枝
throw tiny sticks at me
到…… 的时候
By the time
令我惊讶的是
to my surprise
一群小矮人
a crowd of tiny men
和谁谈论这本书
who to talk to about this book
对你的选择满意
be happy with your choices
写书评
write a book review
制定时间表
put up a timetable
制作故事思维导图
make a mind map of the stories
擅长使用电脑
be good with computers
上交我的书评
hand in my book review
泄露故事结局
give away the ending of the story
制作必要的东西
make something necessary
抽出几页
take out some pages
得到……的灵感
get the idea for...
不愿意做某事
be unwilling to do sth.
中国文学迷
a fan of Chinese literature
把这本书翻译成 80 多种语言
translate the book into over 80 different languages
出版这本书有困难
have difficulty getting the book published
肯定;无疑
for sure
保护他们的版权
protect their copyright
做某事时要谨慎
be careful about doing sth.
未经作者同意
without the writer's agreement
损害图书行业
harm the book industry
导致作者亏损
cause the writer to lose money
以那种方式
in that way
拒绝盗版书
say no to pirated books
小说
fiction books
一次;每次
at a time
一个月内归还它们
return them within a month
描述汤姆和他朋友的一系列冒险
describe a series of adventures of Tom and his friends
做家务
do chores
寻找宝藏
find treasure
在一个遥远的岛上
on a faraway island
总是不在;总是缺席
be always off
一场令人兴奋的冒险
an exciting adventure
爱玩且勇敢的
fun-loving and brave
陷入麻烦
get into trouble
面对错误选择的后果
face the results of bad choices
也;和
as well as
为……而斗争
fight for
三、重点句型
1.But I’m not a fan of history books. I like reading novels.
但我不喜欢历史书,我喜欢读小说。
2.The writer explores the rich inner life of a boy in the first person.
作者以第一人称的视角,探索了一个男孩丰富的内心世界。
3.After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
我们的船撞上礁石后,我拼命地往前游。
4.By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
当我终于感觉到脚下踩到陆地时,我已经筋疲力尽了。
5.I fell down on the beach and fell asleep.
我倒在沙滩上睡着了。
6.My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!
我的胳膊、腿和头发都被绑在了地上!
7.He was just the same size as my little finger!
他的个头和我的小拇指差不多大!
8.You can borrow three books at a time, but you must return them within a month.
你一次可以借三本书,但必须在一个月内归还。
9.If you want to take a book home, you can just take it to the librarian to check it out.
如果你想把书带回家,只需把它拿给图书管理员办理借阅手续就行。
10.The book describes a series of adventures of Tom Sawyer and his friends.
这本书描述了汤姆・索亚和他的朋友们的一系列冒险经历。
11.I really enjoy this book because it is both exciting and funny.
我真的很喜欢这本书,因为它既刺激又有趣。
12.He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble with his friends.
他热爱玩乐又很勇敢,尽管他经常和朋友们一起惹麻烦。
13.The story tells us to face the results of bad choices as well as to fight for what we think is right.
这个故事告诉我们,既要面对错误选择带来的后果,也要为我们认为正确的事情而努力。
四、核心语法
疑问词 + 动词不定式(Wh- + to do)
具体内容
示例
定义
疑问词(what/who/which/where/when/how)后接动词不定式,构成名词性短语
How to solve the problem is a big challenge.(如何解决这个问题是个大挑战)
常见疑问词
1. 疑问代词:what, which, who, whom, whose
2. 疑问副词:where, when, how,
1. Whom to ask for help is unclear.
(该向谁求助还不清楚)
2. When to leave hasn't been decided.
(何时出发还没决定)
语法功能
可作主语、宾语、表语
1. 主语:What to do next is up to you.
(下一步做什么由你决定)
2. 宾语:I don't know where to buy this book.(我不知道哪里能买到这本书)
3. 表语:The question is how to improve English quickly.(问题是如何快速提高英语)
与宾语从句转换
Wh- + to do = 相应的宾语从句(主语一致时简化)
1. She doesn't know what to choose. = She doesn't know what she should choose.
2. He asked how to get to the station. = He asked how he could get to the station.
【注意】
❌ 错误:I don’t know how to do.(缺宾语,do 是及物动词)
✅ 正确:I don’t know how to do it. / I don't know what to do.
❌ 错误:He didn’t tell me which book to read it.(多宾语 it,which book 已作 read 的宾语)
✅ 正确:He didn’t tell me which book to read.
❌ 错误:Where to go to this weekend?(多介词 to)
✅ 正确:Where to go this weekend?
【注意】:why 不能与动词不定式连用。
二、must和have to
(一)must 的用法(主观)
表义务 / 必要:用于肯定句、疑问句,意为 “必须、得”。
例句:You must take exercise today.
表禁止:否定式 must not(mustn’t),意为 “不能、不许”。
例句:You must not smoke here.
表推测:意为 “一定”,仅用于肯定句,must not 无否定推测用法。
正确:You must be hungry after walking.
错误:You must not be hungry after lunch.
(二)have to 的用法(客观)
表客观需要:意为 “不得不”,有人称和数的变化(has to/had to)。
例句:He has to go home now.
否定形式:do/does/did not have to(不必)。
例句:They do not have to buy a computer now.
【注意】:
1.核心区别:must强调“说话人主观认为必须”,have to强调“客观条件迫使不得不”;
2.否定易混点:mustn’t 表 “禁止”(语气强硬),而 “不必” 需用 needn’t 或 don’t have to(语气委婉,无禁止含义);
3.时态拓展:must 无过去式 / 将来式,表达过去 “必须” 需用 had to(例:She had to finish homework last night.)。
$Unit 4 A good read 单元核心知识(默写版)
一、核心词汇
1 / 4
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
读物,书(或文章等) ________________________
(长篇)小说 ________________________
累极了 ________________________
腹部;胃 ________________________
摔倒 ________________________
继续(vt. & vi.) ________________________
也(adv.) ________________________
抽出;拉,拖(vt. & vi.) ________________________
绳 ________________________
设法逃脱,努力挣脱 ________________________
大批,大群;军队 ________________________
径直;笔直地(adv.) ________________________
立即,马上 ________________________
讨论,谈论,商量(vt.) ________________________
了解清楚的;清澈的;晴朗的(adj.) ________________________
提出建议(vt.) ________________________
提交,呈交,上交 ________________________
评论 ________________________
时间安排;时刻表 ________________________
泄露,暴露 ________________________
结尾,结局 ________________________
规章;规则 ________________________
首先 ________________________
(从图书馆等)借出 ________________________
出版社 ________________________
不愿意(adj.) ________________________
销售量;销售,出售 ________________________
(本,册);复制品 ________________________
尤其,特别(adv.) ________________________
文学 ________________________
必读的东西 ________________________
出版人(或机构) ________________________
盗印,盗用(vt.) ________________________
读者 ________________________
困难 ________________________
做某事有困难 ________________________
版权,著作权 ________________________
同意;一致;协议 ________________________
市场 ________________________
原谅(vt.) ________________________
理由,借口(n.) ________________________
劳驾,请原谅 ________________________
每次 ________________________
在…… 之内(prep.) ________________________
描述(vt.) ________________________
遥远的(adj.) ________________________
岛 ________________________
尽管(conj.) _______________________
二、核心短语
一种开拓思维的好方法 ________________________________________
选择读什么 ________________________________________
此刻;目前 ________________________________________
历史书迷 ________________________________________
探索一个男孩丰富的内心世界 ________________________________________
以第一人称 ________________________________________
值得一读 ________________________________________
撞在岩石上 ________________________________________
尽我所能游远 ________________________________________
筋疲力尽 ________________________________________
摔倒 ________________________________________
入睡 ________________________________________
被绑在地上 ________________________________________
感觉有东西在我肚子上蠕动 ________________________________________
和我的小拇指一样大 ________________________________________
对他们大喊 ________________________________________
摔倒;绊倒 ________________________________________
继续在我身上移动 ________________________________________
把一只手从绳子里抽出来 ________________________________________
设法挣脱 ________________________________________
一大群…… ________________________________________
从他们身边逃走 ________________________________________
如何逃离 ________________________________________
向我扔小树枝 ________________________________________
到…… 的时候 ________________________________________
令我惊讶的是 ________________________________________
一群小矮人 ________________________________________
和谁谈论这本书 ________________________________________
对你的选择满意 ________________________________________
写书评 ________________________________________
制定时间表 ________________________________________
制作故事思维导图 ________________________________________
擅长使用电脑 ________________________________________
上交我的书评 ________________________________________
泄露故事结局 ________________________________________
制作必要的东西 ________________________________________
抽出几页 ________________________________________
得到…… 的灵感 ________________________________________
不愿意做某事 ________________________________________
中国文学迷 ________________________________________
把这本书翻译成 80 多种语言 ________________________________________
出版这本书有困难 ________________________________________
肯定;无疑 ________________________________________
保护他们的版权 ________________________________________
做某事时要谨慎 ________________________________________
未经作者同意 ________________________________________
损害图书行业 ________________________________________
导致作者亏损 ________________________________________
以那种方式 ________________________________________
拒绝盗版书 ________________________________________
小说 ________________________________________
一次;每次 _________________________________________
一个月内归还它们 ________________________________________
描述汤姆和他朋友的一系列冒险 ________________________________________
做家务 ________________________________________
寻找宝藏 ________________________________________
在一个遥远的岛上 ________________________________________
总是不在;总是缺席 ________________________________________
一场令人兴奋的冒险 ________________________________________
爱玩且勇敢的 ________________________________________
陷入麻烦 ________________________________________
面对错误选择的后果 ________________________________________
也;和 ________________________________________
为…… 而斗争 ________________________________________
三、重点句型
1.但我不喜欢历史书,我喜欢读小说。
But I’m ______ ______ fan of history books. I like ______ ______.
2.作者以第一人称的视角,探索了一个男孩丰富的内心世界。
The writer ______ ______ rich inner life of ______ boy ______ ______ first person.
3.我们的船撞上礁石后,我拼命地往前游。
After ______ ship ______ ______ the rocks, I ______ as far as I could.
4.当我终于感觉到脚下踩到陆地时,我已经筋疲力尽了。
By ______ time I finally ______ the land under my feet, I ______ ______ ______.
5.我倒在沙滩上睡着了。
I ______ ______ on ______ beach and ______ ______.
6.我的胳膊、腿和头发都被绑在了地上!
My arms, legs and hair ______ ______ ______ the ground!
7.他的个头和我的小拇指差不多大!
He was just ______ ______ ______ ______ my little finger!
8.你一次可以借三本书,但必须在一个月内归还。
You ______ ______ three books ______ ______ ______, but you ______ ______ them within a month.
9.如果你想把书带回家,只需把它拿给图书管理员办理借阅手续就行。
If you ______ ______ take a book home, you can just take ______ to the librarian to ______ ______ ______.
10.这本书描述了汤姆・索亚和他的朋友们的一系列冒险经历。
The book ______ ______ ______ ______ adventures of Tom Sawyer and ______ friends.
11.我真的很喜欢这本书,因为它既刺激又有趣。
I ______ ______ this book because it is ______ ______ ______ funny.
12.他热爱玩乐又很勇敢,尽管他经常和朋友们一起惹麻烦。
He ______ fun-loving ______ brave, though he ______ ______ ______ ______ with his friends.
13.这个故事告诉我们,既要面对错误选择带来的后果,也要为我们认为正确的事情而努力。
The story ______ us to ______ the results of bad choices ______ ______ ______ to fight ______ what we think is right.
四、核心语法
疑问词 + 动词不定式(Wh- + to do)
具体内容
示例(结合教材语境)
定义
疑问词(what/who/which/where/when/how)后接_____________________,构成名词性短语
________________e the problem is a big challenge.(如何解决这个问题是个大挑战)
常见疑问词
1. 疑问代词:______, ______, ______, ______, whose
2. 疑问副词:______, ______, ______
1. ________________is unclear.
(该向谁求助还不清楚)
2. ______ ______ ______hasn't been decided.
(何时出发还没决定)
语法功能
可作______、______、______
主语:______ ______ ______next is up to you.
(下一步做什么由你决定)
宾语:I don't know_______________ this book.(我不知道哪里能买到这本书)
3. 表语:The question is _____________English quickly.(问题是如何快速提高英语)
与宾语从句转换
Wh-+to do = 相应的宾语从句(主语一致时简化)
1. She doesn't know ______ ______ ______. = She doesn't know what she should choose.
2. He asked______ ______ ______ to the station. = He asked how he could get to the station.
【注意】
❌ 错误:I don't know how to do.(缺宾语,do 是及物动词)
✅ 正确:I don't know _______________. / I don't know __________________.
❌ 错误:He didn't tell me which book to read it.(多宾语 it,which book 已作 read 的宾语)
✅ 正确:He didn't tell me ____________________________.
❌ 错误:Where to go to this weekend?(多介词 to)
✅ 正确:________________ this weekend?
【注意】:___________不能与动词不定式连用。
二、must和have to
(一)must 的用法(主观)
表义务 / 必要:用于肯定句、疑问句,意为 “必须、得”。
例句:You must take exercise today.
表禁止:否定式 ____________________,意为 “不能、不许”。
例句:You must not smoke here.
表推测:意为 “一定”,仅用于肯定句,must not 无否定推测用法。
正确:You _________________ hungry after walking.
错误:You _______________________ after lunch.
(二)have to 的用法(客观)
表客观需要:意为 “不得不”,有人称和数的变化(has to/had to)。
例句:He _____________________ now.
否定形式:do/does/did not have to(不必)。
例句:They ___________________a computer now.
【注意】:
1.核心区别:______强调“说话人主观认为必须”, ______ ______强调“客观条件迫使不得不”;
2.否定易混点:______ 表 “禁止”(语气强硬),而 “不必” 需用__________ 或________________(语气委婉,无禁止含义);
3.时态拓展:______无过去式 / 将来式,表达过去 “必须” 需用______(例:She______ ______finish homework last night.)。
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