内容正文:
译林英语七上Unit 1单词完整系统讲解
(按教材单词表顺序)
1. greet /ɡriːt/ (vt. 和(某人)打招呼或问好)
常见搭配:greet sb. warmly(热情问候某人)、greet sb. with a smile(微笑着问候某人)
考点提示:及物动词,可直接接宾语,无需加介词;重点区分于“meet”,greet侧重“主动打招呼、问候”,meet侧重“偶然遇见或特意会面”,避免语义混淆。
经典例句:She greets her teacher politely when she sees her.
2. introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ (vt. 介绍)
常见搭配:introduce oneself(自我介绍)、introduce A to B(把A介绍给B)
考点提示:核心固定搭配为“introduce sb. to sb.”,不可遗漏介词to;名词形式为introduction(介绍,可数名词),常用短语“give an introduction”(做介绍),需掌握词性转换。
经典例句:Let me introduce my new classmate to you.
3. each other /ˌiːtʃ ˈʌðə(r)/ (pron. 互相)
常见搭配:help each other(互相帮助)、learn from each other(互相学习)
考点提示:指代两者之间的相互动作,不能单独作句子主语,需搭配动词使用;若指代三者及以上,常用“one another”,日常语境中两者可互换,侧重两者时优先用each other。
经典例句:We often talk to each other after class.
4. go by (叫作, 被称为)
常见搭配:go by the name of...(被称为……)
考点提示:固定短语,多用于介绍他人的昵称、别名或事物的俗称,语境正式程度适中,可用于口语和书面语;此外还可表示“时间流逝”,如“Time goes by quickly.”(时光飞逝)。
经典例句:He goes by the nickname “Little Tiger” in his class.
5. glad /ɡlæd/ (adj. 高兴)
常见搭配:be glad to do sth.(很高兴做某事)、be glad about sth.(为某事感到高兴)
考点提示:形容词,多作表语,不直接修饰名词;近义辨析:glad侧重“因某事而感到短暂的开心”,happy侧重“持续的愉悦心情”,pleased侧重“因得到满足而满意”,三者可根据语境互换。
经典例句:I’m glad to hear that you passed the exam.
6. same /seɪm/ (adj. 同一的, 相同的)
常见搭配:the same as...(和……一样)、at the same time(同时)
考点提示:形容词,前面必须加定冠词the,不可省略;“the same as”后可接名词、代词或从句,如“She has the same bag as mine.”(她有一个和我一样的包)。
经典例句:We are in the same class but different groups.
7. hobby /ˈhɒbi/ (n. 业余爱好)
常见搭配:a hobby of...(……的爱好)、develop a hobby(培养爱好)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为hobbies,变化规则为“以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es”;注意区分于“interest”,hobby特指“长期坚持的业余爱好”,interest侧重“感兴趣的事物”。
经典例句:My hobby is playing the guitar.
8. grade /ɡreɪd/ (n. 年级; 等级)
常见搭配:Grade 7(七年级)、high grade(高分/高等级)
考点提示:表示“年级”时,首字母必须大写,且前面不加定冠词,如“Grade 8”(八年级);也可作动词,表“给……评分、分级”,如“The teacher grades our homework carefully.”(老师认真批改我们的作业)。
经典例句:She is in Grade 7 and works very hard.
9. classmate /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/ (n. 同班同学)
常见搭配:a new classmate(新同学)、get along with classmates(和同学相处)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为classmates,由“class(班级)+ mate(同伴)”构成复合名词;同类构词如“schoolmate”(校友)、“deskmate”(同桌),可联想记忆。
经典例句:My classmate often helps me with my homework.
10. friendly /ˈfrendli/ (adj. 友好的)
常见搭配:be friendly to sb.(对某人友好)、a friendly smile(友好的微笑)
考点提示:形容词,虽以“ly”结尾但非副词,副词形式为“in a friendly way”(友好地);比较级有两种形式,more friendly和friendlier,后者更口语化,最高级对应为most friendly和friendliest。
经典例句:The people in this town are very friendly to visitors.
11. full /fʊl/ (adj. (有)大量的; 满的)
常见搭配:be full of...(充满……)、a full cup(满杯)
考点提示:形容词,反义词为empty(空的);核心短语“be full of”与“be filled with”同义,可互换使用,如“The room is full of flowers.”=“The room is filled with flowers.”(房间里摆满了花)。
经典例句:The box is full of books.
12. energy /ˈenədʒi/ (n. 精力, 活力)
常见搭配:full of energy(充满活力)、save energy(节约能源)
考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为energetic(精力充沛的),常用搭配“be energetic”(充满活力的),如“He is an energetic boy.”(他是一个精力充沛的男孩)。
经典例句:He has lots of energy to play sports after school.
13. be good at (擅长…)
常见搭配:be good at English(擅长英语)、be good at playing basketball(擅长打篮球)
考点提示:固定短语,后面接名词、代词或动名词(doing形式),不可接不定式;同义短语为“do well in”,如“She is good at math.”=“She does well in math.”(她擅长数学)。
经典例句:She is good at singing and dancing.
14. slim /slɪm/ (adj. 苗条的)
常见搭配:a slim figure(苗条的身材)、keep slim(保持苗条)
考点提示:形容词,多用来形容人的身材,语气中性偏褒义;比较级为slimmer,最高级为slimmest,变化规则为“双写尾字母m加er/est”。
经典例句:She eats healthy food to stay slim.
15. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ (adj. 有礼貌的)
常见搭配:be polite to sb.(对某人有礼貌)、a polite request(礼貌的请求)
考点提示:形容词,副词形式为politely(有礼貌地),修饰动词时置于动词后;反义词为impolite(没礼貌的),也可表达为“rude”,impolite更正式。
经典例句:It’s polite to say “thank you” when someone helps you.
16. smart /smɑːt/ (adj. 聪明的; 智能的)
常见搭配:a smart student(聪明的学生)、a smart phone(智能手机)
考点提示:多义词,形容人时表“聪明的、机灵的”,近义词为clever、bright;形容物品时表“智能的、高科技的”,为现代高频用法,需结合语境判断含义。
经典例句:He is a smart boy who can solve difficult problems.
17. ready /ˈredi/ (adj. 愿意迅速做某事; 准备好)
常见搭配:be ready to do sth.(愿意做某事)、get ready for sth.(为某事做准备)
考点提示:核心固定搭配为“be ready to do”(表意愿)和“get ready for”(表准备),for后接名词或代词,如“We are getting ready for the party.”(我们正在为派对做准备)。
经典例句:We are ready to help people in need.
18. other /ˈʌðə(r)/ (pron. & adj. 另外, 其他)
常见搭配:other students(其他学生)、each other(互相)
考点提示:作形容词时,后接名词复数,表“其他的、另外的”;易混辨析:another后接单数名词(三者及以上中的另一个),others为代词(相当于other+复数名词),不接名词,需注意用法差异。
经典例句:Some students like math, and other students like English.
19. interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ (adj. 感兴趣的)
常见搭配:be interested in sth.(对……感兴趣)、feel interested(感到感兴趣)
考点提示:形容词,通常用来修饰人,表“人对事物产生兴趣”;同源词辨析:interesting修饰物,表“事物本身令人感兴趣”,如“an interesting book”(一本有趣的书),注意区分修饰对象。
经典例句:She is interested in learning about different cultures.
20. looks /lʊks/ (n. [pl.] 相貌, 容貌)
常见搭配:good looks(好看的相貌)、care about one’s looks(在意自己的容貌)
考点提示:复数名词,不能用不定冠词a修饰,谓语动词用复数;注意区分于动词look(看),作名词表“相貌”时只能用复数形式,单数look无此含义。
经典例句:He has good looks and a kind heart.
21. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ (n. 性格)
常见搭配:a kind character(善良的性格)、character trait(性格特点)
考点提示:可数名词,含义丰富,除“性格”外,还可表示“(电影、小说中的)角色”“文字”,如“a main character”(主角)、“Chinese characters”(汉字),需结合语境判断。
经典例句:Her character is very outgoing and easy to get along with.
22. both /bəʊθ/ (pron. & det. 两个都)
常见搭配:both...and...(……和……都)、both of us(我们两个都)
考点提示:用于指代两者,谓语动词用复数形式;区别于all(指代三者及以上都);“both...and...”连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数,如“Both you and I are right.”(你和我都是对的)。
经典例句:Both my parents are teachers.
23. enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ (vt. 享受…的乐趣; 欣赏, 喜爱)
常见搭配:enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事)、enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
考点提示:及物动词,后面只能接动名词(doing形式),不能接不定式;“enjoy oneself”相当于“have a good time”,主语为人,如“They enjoyed themselves at the party.”(他们在派对上玩得很开心)。
经典例句:I enjoy reading books in my free time.
24. pretty /ˈprɪti/ (adj. 漂亮的, 标致的)
常见搭配:a pretty girl(漂亮的女孩)、pretty clothes(漂亮的衣服)
考点提示:形容词,多用来形容人(尤其女孩)或小物件,语气较轻,程度比beautiful稍弱;也可作副词,表“相当、很”,如“It’s pretty cold today.”(今天相当冷)。
经典例句:She is a pretty girl with big eyes.
25. shy /ʃaɪ/ (adj. 腼腆的)
常见搭配:be shy of sb.(对某人害羞)、feel shy(感到害羞)
考点提示:形容词,副词形式为shyly(腼腆地);反义词为outgoing(外向的),常用來描述人的性格;“be shy of doing sth.”表“羞于做某事”,如“She is shy of speaking in public.”(她羞于在公众面前说话)。
经典例句:He is shy and doesn’t like to talk in front of many people.
26. only /ˈəʊnli/ (adv. 只有, 仅)
常见搭配:only one(只有一个)、not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)
考点提示:副词,位置不同可能影响句意,通常置于被修饰的词前;“not only...but also...”连接主语时遵循“就近原则”,谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致,如“Not only he but also I am a student.”(不仅他,我也是学生)。
经典例句:Only five students passed the test.
27. stay /steɪ/ (linking v. 保持; 继续是; vi. & n. 停留, 逗留)
常见搭配:stay healthy(保持健康)、stay at home(待在家里)
考点提示:作系动词时,后接形容词作表语,表“保持某种状态”;作不及物动词时,后接地点或时间状语,表“停留、逗留”;作名词时,表“停留”,如“a short stay”(短暂的停留)。
经典例句:You should stay away from junk food to keep healthy.
28. match /mætʃ/ (n. 比赛)
常见搭配:a football match(足球比赛)、watch a match(看比赛)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为matches;也可作动词,表“匹配、与……相配”,如“The shirt matches the pants.”(这件衬衫和裤子很配),动词过去式为matched。
经典例句:There is a basketball match between Class 1 and Class 2.
29. luck /lʌk/ (n. 幸运, 好运)
常见搭配:good luck(好运)、bad luck(坏运气)
考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;词形变化链:luck(名词)→ lucky(形容词,幸运的)→ luckily(副词,幸运地);常用祝福语“Good luck with sth.”(祝某事顺利)。
经典例句:Good luck with your English test!
30. chess /tʃes/ (n. 国际象棋)
常见搭配:play chess(下国际象棋)、a chess game(象棋比赛)
考点提示:不可数名词,前面不能加不定冠词a,表达“下象棋”直接用“play chess”,无需加the;同类用法如“play basketball”(打篮球)、“play football”(踢足球)。
经典例句:My grandfather likes to play chess with his friends.
31. Chinese chess (n. 中国象棋)
常见搭配:play Chinese chess(下中国象棋)
考点提示:专有名词,首字母大写,区别于“chess”(国际象棋),两者棋盘、规则不同,需明确区分;同样为不可数名词,表达“下中国象棋”用“play Chinese chess”,不加冠词。
经典例句:He often plays Chinese chess with his father on weekends.
32. problem /ˈprɒbləm/ (n. 数学题; 难题, 困难)
常见搭配:solve a problem(解决问题)、have a problem with sth.(在某方面有困难)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为problems;与question辨析:problem侧重“需要解决的难题、麻烦”,question侧重“需要回答的问题”,如“answer a question”(回答问题)、“solve a problem”(解决问题)。
经典例句:Can you help me solve this math problem?
33. weekend /ˌwiːkˈend/ (n. 周末)
常见搭配:at the weekend(在周末)、on weekends(每逢周末)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为weekends;英式英语常用“at the weekend”,美式英语常用“on the weekend”,“on weekends”为通用表达,表习惯性动作。
经典例句:I usually go to the park with my family at the weekend.
34. fun /fʌn/ (adj. 有趣的, 使人快乐的; n. 开心, 乐趣, 好玩的事)
常见搭配:have fun(玩得开心)、fun activities(有趣的活动)
考点提示:作形容词时,仅能作定语修饰名词,不能作表语;作名词时为不可数名词,无复数形式,常用短语“have fun doing sth.”(做某事很开心),如“We had fun swimming in the pool.”(我们在泳池里游泳很开心)。
经典例句:We had great fun playing games at the party.
35. make friends with (与…交朋友)
常见搭配:make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友)
考点提示:固定短语,“friend”必须用复数形式,不可说“make a friend with sb.”;同义表达为“be friends with sb.”(与某人是朋友),如“He is friends with Tom.”(他和汤姆是朋友)。
经典例句:He wants to make friends with the new student.
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