Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词与过去将来时核心语法点，系统梳理情态动词（can/could、must/mustn't等）的基本用法及推测功能，衔接过去将来时的构成与语境应用，辅以戏剧剧本写作指导，构建从基础语法到语用表达的递进式学习支架。 资料通过对比辨析（如must与have to的主客观差异）、情境化练习（如理发店剧本对话）培养学生思维品质，结合范文与创作任务提升语言表达能力，课中助力教师分层教学，课后可通过习题与写作实践帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

Grammar & Writing 一、情态动词的用法 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化；有助动词的作用，可构成否定和疑问。 情态动词 现在式 过去式 情态动词短语 can could be able to may might — must — have to will would — shall should ought to need/dare — — (一)基本用法 1．can/can't，could/couldn't 的用法 can/ can't 表示现在的能力 Tom can run very fast. I can speak English，but I can't speak Japanese. 用于请求或征求对方的意见 Can I help you？ 表示可能性，肯定形式意为“有时会；(有时)可能会”，否定形式意为“不可能” Tom can be very annoying sometimes. Peter can be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general. That can't be Mary，for she is on business. 表示“可以”(客观条件允许做某事) A leftluggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time. 续表 could/ couldn't 表示过去的能力 Tom could run very fast when he was young. I couldn't swim when I was 10. 用于(委婉客气地)请求 Could you help me？ 用于提建议 We could go shopping. 用于提出怀疑、疑问，推测 Could this be true？ 表示“可以”(过去的客观条件允许做某事) When I was a child，I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 1．Rome be pricey for travelers，which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). A．can　　　　　　　　B．need C．should D．shall 解析　句意：在罗马旅行费用可能很高，这就是为什么许多人选择住在旅社。根据句意并结合选项可知，此处表示可能性。故选A。 答案　A 2．Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach the books on the top shelf. A．must B．should C．can D．need 解析　句意：塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够到书架顶层的书。根据句意可知，空处表能力，故选C。 答案　C 3．It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended. A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．shouldn't D．needn't 解析　句意：这真的很让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。根据句意可知，空处应选couldn't，表示“不能够”。wouldn't不愿意；shouldn't不应该；needn't不必。 答案　B 4． I have a word with you? It won't take long. A．Can B．Must C．Shall D．Should 解析　句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花太长时间。can在此表示请求和许可。must必须；shall表示征求对方意见或向对方请示；should应该。 答案　A 5．If you're the host，you ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. A．will B．can C．must D．need 解析　句意：你如果是主人，可以让他们去厨房帮你的忙，把他们从这种情形中带走。根据句意并结合选项可知，此处是在提出建议。故选B。 答案　B 1．(1)选出下列句中can/could的含义 A．表示能力 B．表示推测 C．表示请求和许可 D．表示理论或习惯上的可能性 ①I believe that he can't be so rude.B ②I can speak English fluently while he can't.A ③Scotland can be very warm in September.D ④－Could you please clean this room? －Yes, I can.C (2)选词填空：can, be able to ①He can give you some advice on how to learn English. ②At last, they were able to escape from the fire.2.must/mustn't的用法 must/ mustn't 肯定形式表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度 You must finish it today. 否定形式意为“禁止；不允许” You mustn't smoke here. 表示与说话人的意愿相反或不耐烦，意为“偏要；非得要” Must you waste so much time？ If you must smoke，please go outside. 表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句 She must be very tired after such a long walk. 表示推荐 You really must see the movie.It's wonderful. 注意　must表示主观必须；have/has to有人称、数、时态的变化，表示客观上“不得不”。 I have to leave now.My brother is waiting for me. I must study hard，because I want to pass the exam. 肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn't或don't have to，意为“不需要；不必”。 —Must I clean all the rooms? —Yes，you must./—No，you needn't/don't have to. 6．The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed ! A．shall　　　　　　　　B．will C．must D．can 解析　句意：山脚下的温泉是你登山后一定要尝试的东西。它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！根据句意可知，此处表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度。所以选C。 答案　C 7．语法填空 I work not because I have to (work) ，but because I want to. 解析　句意：我工作不是因为我不得不这样，而是因为我想工作。have to do sth.表示“不得不做某事”，因此这里填动词原形。 答案　work 2．用适当的情态动词填空 ①If you must smoke, please go out. ②My brother was ill, so I had to call a doctor in. ③—Must I turn down the radio now? —No, you needn't/don't have to．3.may/might的用法 may/ might may在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以” You may come if you wish. You may keep the book for a month. 在疑问句中用于征求对方的许可 May I come in？ Might I have a little brandy？ 表示推测，意为“可能；或许” may well很可能 He may/might tell his wife. This stone may/might well be valuable. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿 May you succeed！ may/might as well不妨 This magazine is out.We may as well throw it away. This magazine is out.We might as well throw it away. 8．The right level of background noise interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander，without making it impossible to focus. A．shall　　　　　　 　B．may C．should D．need 解析　句意：适当程度的背景噪声可能会干扰我们的正常思维模式，刚好足以让我们的想象力漫游，而不会让我们无法集中注意力。根据句意可知，此处表示推测。所以选B。 答案　B 3．写出下列句中may的用法 ①May you be happy！表示祝愿 ②I think he may come today.表示推测 ③You may keep the book for 2 weeks.表示许可 4．will/would的用法 will 表示请求(主语是第二人称，疑问句) Will you open the window，please？ 表示意愿、意图或决心，意为“要；愿；会” I will help you if you meet with trouble. He won't give me back my pen. 表示“注定会”(表规律性的) You will fail if you don't work hard. Man will die without air. You will regret if you waste your time. 用于描述一般的习惯或倾向，意为“总是；总会” Everyday he will come home from work and turn on the TV. She will ask very strange questions. would 表示委婉的请求 Would you mind my smoking here/if I smoke here？ 表示意愿、意图或决心，意为“要；愿；会” She said she would try her best to help me. 用于描述过去的习惯或倾向，意为“总是；总会” During the war，people would eat all kinds of things that don't be eaten now. Mom would tell us stories before we went to bed. 4．完成句子 ①My parents won't allow me to stay out late. 我的父母不会允许我在外面待得很晚。 ②He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是起得很早。 ③People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去，人们认为地球是扁平的。 ④Some vegetables will get burnt in such hot weather. 有些蔬菜在炎热的天气下会被烤焦。 5．shall与should/ought to的用法 shall 用于征求对方的意见或向对方请示(主语是第一、三人称) Shall I open the window？ How shall he solve the problem？ 表示责任与义务，意为“应该；应当”，用于陈述条约/规定/法令(主语是第三人称) According to the rule，every candidate shall be checked. One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 许诺(主语是第二、三人称) You shall have the money back tomorrow. 命令、警告、威胁(主语是第二、三人称) Rick shall be fined if he doesn't listen to the teacher. should/ ought to 表示责任、义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该；应当”，ought to的语气更强 You should/ought to do it carefully. You should/ought to obey the rules. You shouldn't/oughtn't to be so rude to a lady. According to the air traffic rules，you should/ought to switch off your mobile phone before boarding. should表示惊奇/惊讶/愤怒/失望等情感，意为“竟然” You should wear slippers to go to work. It's unbelievable that the boy should kill such a cute dog. It's strange that you should say that. 表示说话人根据一定的情况做出推测，意为“应该会；可能” She should/ought to complete the task today. should在条件状语从句中，意为“万一” If you should change your mind，do let me know it. 9．It's strange that he have taken the books without the owner's permission. A．would　　　　　　　B．should C．could D．might 解析　句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的允许就拿走了那些书。should表示“竟然”，符合语境。 答案　B 10．—I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry.You have it by Friday. A．could B．shall C．must D．may 解析　shall在此与第二人称主语连用，表示说话人的许诺。 答案　B 11．One of the ground rules of the swap be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. A．may B．will C．should D．can 解析　句意：交换的基本规则之一应该是，每个人在拿衣服之前都必须试穿——衣服穿上后总是会看起来不一样。根据句意可知，选C。 答案　C 5．完成句子 ①You shall have that book tomorrow. 你明天可以拿到那本书。 ②If you can't come, I shall not tell you the news. 如果你不来，我就不告诉你这个消息了。 ③Children should be told the truth. 孩子们应该被告知真相。6.need/dare的用法 need 作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，无时态、人称、数的变化，后接动词原形 You needn't come so early. —Need I finish the work today？ —Yes，you must. —No，you needn't./You don't have to. 作实义动词，意为“需要” He needs to finish it this evening. dare 作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，无时态、人称、数的变化，后接动词原形 I daren't go out alone at night. He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he？ 作实义动词，意为“敢” I dare to swim across this river. 6．用适当的情态动词填空 ①You needn't see him，but I must. ②Dare you go home alone? ③—Need I pay the whole amount now? —Yes，you must. ④He asked me whether I dare swim across the river. (二)情态动词表示推测的用法 现 在 肯 定 推 测 常用情态动词(must，may，could/might)＋do/be doing sth.(可能性从高到低) The light is on． 否 定 推 测 常用情态动词(can't/couldn't，may not，might not)＋do/be doing sth.(可能性从高到低) The light is off. 注 意 1.对正在发生的情况进行推测，用“情态动词＋be doing sth.”； 2.must不用于否定推测，mustn't表示“禁止”的含义。否定推测可能性很高时，用can't/couldn't； 3.can表示可能性，可用于肯定句，意为“有时可能，有时也会”；在肯定句中，may的可能性比can高，may表示现实的可能性，can表示理论上的可能性； 4.will可用于对现在的肯定和否定推测，肯定程度相当于must，但是will用于表示将来的预测居多； 5.should用于推测，一般表示按常规、常理的推测，即“(正常情况下)理当，按理应该” 续表 过 去 肯 定 推 测 常用情态动词(must，may，could/might)＋have done(可能性从高到低) The light was off just now.He was not at home. 否 定 推 测 常用情态动词(can't/couldn't，may not，might not)＋have done(可能性从高到低) The light was on. 注 意 “情态动词＋have done”还可以表示“与过去的事实相反”： 1.could have done表示过去本可以做某事但实际上没做； 2.needn’t have done表示过去本不必做某事但实际上做了； 3.ought to/should have done表示过去本应该做某事但实际上没做； 4.oughtn't to/shouldn't have done表示过去不应该做某事但实际上做了； 5.might have done表示过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 将 来 肯 定 推 测 常用情态动词(will，should，may，could/might)＋do(可能性从高到低) It will rain tomorrow. It should rain tomorrow. It may rain tomorrow. It might/could rain tomorrow. 否 定 推 测 常用情态动词(won't，shouldn't，can't/oouldn't，may not，might not)＋do(可能性从高到低) 注 意 must不用于对将来的推测，表示对将来情况非常肯定的预测，多用will 二、过去将来时 (一)过去将来时的基本用法 1．表示从过去某时开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句。 He said he would go to the north for the holiday. 他说他将去北方度假。 The astronaut was sixtyeight.In two years he would be seventy.这位宇航员68岁，再过两年就70岁了。 2．常可表示过去习惯性的动作(不管什么人称，都用would)。 Whenever he had time，he would help villagers with their work.过去他一有时间就帮村民们干活。 (二)过去将来时的构成(以动词do为例) 1．基本表达方式：would do He hoped the concert would have a lovely and relaxing atmosphere.他希望那场音乐会的气氛将会轻松而愉快。 2．过去将来时的其他几种表达方式： (1)was/were going to do，这种表达方式表示准备、计划做某事。 She said she was going to reserve two tickets in advance.她说她打算提前订两张票。 (2)was/were about to do，这种表达方式表示即将发生的动作，不和表示时间段的状语连用。 Please hold the handle.The bus was about to start. 请抓好把手，公共汽车马上就要开了。 (3)was/were to do，这种表达方式表示过去曾计划或安排要做某事。 He said he was to arrange his holiday with his elder brother in a week. 他说一周后他将安排和他哥哥的假期。 (4)was/were doing，这种表达方式仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如come，go，arrive，leave等，表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 I didn't know when they were coming to explore for oil again.我不知道他们什么时候再来勘探石油。 (5)用某些动词的过去式表示按计划或时刻表将要发生的事。 They told me school began on September 1st. 他们告诉我9月1日开学。 【辨析比较】 was/were(about)to do结构与was/were going to do 结构的区别： was/were to do侧重被别人安排要做；was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用；was/were going to do侧重说话人的意图或打算。 The scientist was to convince the local villagers of the strange creature's real existence. 这位科学家将会让当地村民们相信那一奇怪的生物确实存在。 I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 Mr Smith said he was going to supply our school with more books. 史密斯先生说他将向我们学校提供更多的图书。 12．Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A．has been 　 　　　　　B．had been C．was going to be D．was 解析　句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦出生在1879年。当他还是个孩子时，很少有人猜到他会成为一位著名的科学家，他的理论会改变这个世界。由动词“guessed”以及之后的“would change”可知，此处表示的是从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，所以用过去将来时。故选C。 答案　C 13．完成句子 Even though he often felt he (将会被发现) to be a notalent，he moved forward，gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. 解析　句意：即使他经常觉得自己将会被发现没有天赋，但他持续前进，获得了邻里剧院学校的奖学金，并在几年后的1948年首次在电视上露面。结合句意及空前的felt可知，空处表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，故应用过去将来时；又因主语he与discover/find之间为被动关系，故用过去将来时的被动语态。此处表示单纯的将来，故填would be discovered/found。 答案　would be discovered/found。 7．单句语法填空 ①Whenever he had time, he would help(help) them with their work. ②I was thinking things over in my mind: What would be(be) their reaction? Would they support the idea? ③The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew(grow) up. ④Late at night on November 28 Dr. Bethune got news that a battle would begin(begin) soon. 如何写好英文戏剧剧本 戏剧是文学体裁的一种，其基本要素包括戏剧冲突和戏剧语言。戏剧剧本属于记叙文。在写作形式上以对话为主，应主要包括戏剧人物、人物的语言、舞台说明性文字等。 写好英语戏剧剧本，应该注意以下几点： 1．确定剧情、故事梗概及主题； 2．确定剧中人物及其形象和性格特征(喜、怒、哀、乐、害羞、友好、慷慨、吝啬、恐惧以及勇敢等)； 3．确定故事发生的时间、地点、场景； 4．构思戏剧的矛盾冲突，事件的起因、发展、高潮、结局等。 请你根据本单元所学的内容写一个小剧本，表现Henry带着这张百万英镑支票来到一家理发店理发，他与店主和其他客人之间发生的矛盾冲突。 注意：1.交代清楚人物、地点和时间等； 2．注意故事情节的发展、冲突和结尾。 本题要求写一个英语剧本，该剧本应包括台词和舞台说明。首先，台词应符合剧中人物的性格特点和身份地位，故事中角色之间的冲突和角色内心的冲突等主要是通过台词、动作和表情来呈现的。其次，舞台说明应介绍剧中人物及背景，包括剧情发生的时间、地点、服装、道具、布景以及人物的表情、动作和上、下场等指示说明。 舞台说明通常用一般现在时态。剧本的时态也多为一般现在时态。 Narrator: (Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant.When he is walking down the street，he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair.He decides to get it cut.) H＝Henry; B＝Barber; R＝the rude man H: Good afternoon，I'd like to get a cut，if I may.(The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair.) Er，I'd really like a haircut.As you can see it's much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes，I can see that.Indeed，I can. H: Fine，well，I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs.The barber turns to look at Henry.) B: It's quite expensive here，you know! Are you sure you can afford it? H: Yes.I think so. (In comes the rude man.) R: Hey you there.I need a haircut quickly.Can you do me straightaway? B: All right，then，get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R: Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs) H: Excuse me，but I was here first.Aren't you going to do my hair first? B: This man's in a hurry. H: Well，so am I! I insist that you cut my hair first. B: OK，but I'll have to be quick.This gentleman is waiting. H: Thank you. (They both become quiet.After his hair is cut，the barber tells Henry how much he must pay.Henry shows the barber the bank note.) B: Why，Mr ...(looks shocked) H: Adams.Henry Adams.I'm sorry，I don't have any change. R: You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B: Why，Mr Adams，please don't worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back any time，even if you only need too little hairs cut! It will be my honour to serve you! 1．范文主题明确，细节处理恰当，清楚地表达了“有钱能使鬼推磨”的思想和主题。 2．舞台说明对剧中人物的表情和动作等指示说明清晰、明了，有助于表演和推动情节的进一步发展。 3．人物台词符合剧中人物的性格特征和身份地位，比如理发师初见Henry时说的“Yes，I can see that.Indeed，I can.”和最后说的“Why，Mr Adams，please don't worry！Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all！Please come back any time，even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you！”形成鲜明的对比。 假设你校将开展英语文化节。请你就《丑小鸭》的故事准备一个短剧进行演出。 注意：词数80左右。 参考词汇：丑小鸭ugly duckling　天鹅swan [参考范文] (Spring comes，and the flowers are blooming.The ugly duckling flies to the lake，seeing some beautiful white swans over there.) Ugly duckling: How beautiful you are！Your feathers are so white，and your postures are so elegant. Swan 1：Hello，my lovely friend，come and play with us! Ugly duckling：You are so kind！But，don't you think I'm ugly? Swan 2：No，you are a pretty swan! Swan 1&2：Look at yourself! Ugly duckling：(flying to the bank of the lake and looking at his reflection )Oh dear! Is it me？I'm no longer an ugly duckling.I am a pretty swan too! (Music starts to play.The little swan dances with others，happy and proud.) [基础通关] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If you are not careful in the street, a car may hit you. 2．—May I watch TV now, mum? —No，you mustn't. You must do your homework first. 3．Children must not play on the road or in the street. It is dangerous. 4．What can I do for you, madam? 5．Many people want to see you. Shall they wait here or outside? 6．You have to go and see the doctor right now. 7．He isn't in the school. I think he must be ill. 8．Li Ming said he would be happy if Brian came (come) to China next month. 9．I wasn't sure whether Lucy would come (come) the next year. 10．She said the bus was leaving(leave) at five the next morning. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我在你这个年龄的时候，不得不工作。 I had to work when I was your age. 2．你妈妈一定在家里等着你。 Your mother must be waiting for you at home now. 3．这个礼堂至少能容纳500人。 This hall can hold/seat 500 people at least. 4．她说如果我答应她，她将过来。 She said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 5．他一有时间，总是看书。 Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. 6．我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。 We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes.(take off) 7．迈克告诉我他第二天要去参观迪士尼乐园。 Mike told me that he would visit/was going to visit/was to visit Disneyland the next day.(visit) 8．妈妈答应给我买一本英汉词典。 Mother promised that she would buy me an EnglishChinese dictionary．(buy) 9．约翰有点担心，因为他第二天要做一份新工作，他不确定自己能否胜任。 John was a little worried because he would do/was going to do/was to do a new job the next day and he wasn't sure whether he would be fit for it.(do) Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的情态动词填空) Miss Fang 1.could not read for very long with her eyes hurt.Her mother told her that she 2.should go to see a doctor.“You should see a doctor as soon as possible，” her mother said.“You 3.may/might have poor eyesight.” When Miss Fang had free time，she went to hospital.The nurse said that the doctor 4.could see her at 3：30.　 Miss Fang replied that she 5.would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor may see you at about ten to four，” the nurse suggested.“6.Shall I arrange the examination at about ten to four，or 7.would you rather come tomorrow？” Miss Fang thought she shouldn't waste any more time.The teacher wouldn't be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave a little earlier，as he was always so kind to everyone.She replied，“I think I 8.can make it at about ten to four.” Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“May I leave at 3：20 today? My eyes hurt and I 9.must have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 10.can．” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $