Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式作定语和状语核心语法点，先阐述不定式兼具名词、形容词、副词特征及动词特点的基本属性，再分要点系统讲解作定语（位置、未发生动作等五类用法、主谓/动宾关系）和作状语（目的、原因、结果、条件）的具体规则，辅以例句、练习题及“名师点津”构建完整学习支架。 该资料亮点在于语法讲解与即时练习深度融合，通过对比主动被动用法、分析逻辑关系培养学生思维品质，写作模块以“太空探索”议论文为例提供结构指导与范文，提升语言表达能力。课中教师可依托实例互动教学，课后学生能借练习题和范文巩固语法规则、弥补写作短板，有效提升学习效率。

Grammar & Writing 动词不定式作定语和状语 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保有动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。 要点①　动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。 We are looking for an apartment to live in.＝We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. 我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。 2．动词不定式作定语的用法 ①动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。 All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms． 明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。 The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely attract many international tourists. 2022年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。 1．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ． A．catching　　　　　B．caught C．to catch D．to be caught 解析　句意：开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。have sth. to do结构表示“有某事要做”，因此这里用不定式作定语修饰a train。 答案　C 2．语法填空 The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 解析　句意：明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区旅游业的发展。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰The airport，且它所表示的动作尚未发生，故用动词不定式；又因为complete与The airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动式。 答案　to be completed ②序数词、形容词的最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式作定语。 The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。 You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting． 在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。 It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job． 人们公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 The manager was the last to come to the meeting． 经理是最后一个到达会场的人。 3．语法填空 China has become the first country (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 解析　句意：中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆的国家。因为country被the first修饰，故其后用不定式短语作后置定语。 答案　to land。 ③抽象名词ability，chance，opportunity，belief，way，right(权利)，courage，decision，hope，wish，dream等后常用动词不定式作定语。 Thanks to your encouragement，I finally got the courage to face the challenge． 多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。 Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a good chance to see your friends again. 开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋，这是一个再次见到你朋友们的好机会。 His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage. 他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。 4．语法填空 This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way (attract) customers. 解析　句意：这对像餐馆和商店这样的企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。根据a new way可知，空处应用动词不定式。 答案　to attract ④something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ ⑤在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。 There is nothing to worry about． 没什么可担心的。 There is nothing to be worried about． 没什么可担心的。 [名师点津] 在there be句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。 There is nothing for me to do today. 今天我没有什么事可做。 3．构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系 ①主谓关系 构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。 We need someone to help with the work．＝We need someone that can help with the work．(someone是help with the work的逻辑主语) 我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。 In our school she is the only student to attend the important meeting．＝In our school she is the only student that is to attend the important meeting．(the only student是attend the important meeting的逻辑主语) 她是我们学校唯一一名将要去参加这次重要会议的学生。 ②动宾关系 当构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式：当作后置定语的动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，动词不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义；如果构成动词不定式的动词与句子的主语之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用主动形式。试比较： Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(动词不定式to send所表示动作的执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗？(动词不定式to be sent所表示动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”) She has a meeting to attend today. 今天她有一个会议要参加。(attend与a meeting之间为动宾关系，与主语She之间为主谓关系) Do you have any homework to do? 你有作业要做吗？(do与homework之间为动宾关系，与主语you之间为主谓关系) The secretary asked，“Sir，do you have any documents to be typed？” 秘书问道：“先生，您有文件需要打印吗？”(type与documents之间为动宾关系，但与主语you之间无主谓关系) [名师点津] (1)如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词或虽然是及物动词但不能与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系，则动词后面必须加上相应的介词。 We don't have enough paper to write on. 我们没有足够的纸来写字。 (2)如果动词不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上会省略。 He has no place to live because his house has been burnt to the ground.(live后省略了in) 他没有地方住，因为他的房子已经被彻底焚毁了。 1．单句语法填空 ①The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. ②Do you have anything to do (do) tonight? ③The best way to improve (improve) your English is to join an English club. ④China has become the first country to land (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. ⑤This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract (attract) customers. 要点②　动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语常常表示目的、原因、结果和条件等。表示原因、结果时，不可置于句首。 1．作目的状语 She gave him some money to let him leave at once. 她给了他一些钱让他马上离开。 [用法点拨] 不定式作目的状语也常用在in order(not)to do或so as(not)to do结构中，但so as(not)to do结构一般不放在句首。 In order to fetch wood，villagers had to walk a few kilometers. 为了取得木柴，村民得走好几千米的路程。 She swung a piece of meat in her hand so as to attract the lion's attention. 她把一块肉在手中摇晃着，以吸引狮子的注意力。 5． us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 解析　句意：为了帮助我们为考试做准备，老师建议我们通读自己的笔记。根据句意可知，此处应该用动词不定式，表目的。 答案　A 6．语法填空 Mary's sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over (plant) flowers in the front yard. 解析　句意：玛丽的妹妹Frances Todd Wallace经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。 答案　to plant 2．作原因状语 动词不定式常置于一些形容词或过去分词后说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类词常见的有happy，glad，fortunate，ashamed，surprised，sorry，delighted，disappointed，proud，annoyed等。 I'm glad to meet you here at the fair. 我很高兴在交易会上见到你。 They are proud to have realized their dreams. 他们很自豪已经实现了他们的梦想。 7．语法填空 (1)He bought a book and was surprised (find) a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father's painting. 解析　分析句子结构可知，形容词surprised后接动词不定式作原因状语，表示惊讶的原因。 答案　to find (2)The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy (watch) anything that happened to be on. 解析　句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，很高兴地观看电视上播放的任何电视节目。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面是形容词短语作状语，形容词happy后应接动词不定式作原因状语，表示高兴的原因。 答案　to watch 3．作结果状语 It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. 好像这位雇员(晚上)根本没睡觉，一大早才这么困倦的。 [用法点拨] (1)不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些固定搭配中： so...as to do sth.，such...as to do sth.，...enough to do sth.，too...to do sth.。 We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests. 我们有如此充裕的食物来招待我们的客人。 Is that room big enough to seat all of us? 那个房间足够大能坐得下我们所有人吗？ (2)不定式作结果状语时，常与only，never连用，强调结果和失望的情绪。 She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone. 她匆忙赶到车站却被告知火车已经开走了。 语法填空 George returned after the war，only (tell) that his wife had left him. 解析　句意：乔治战后回来，却被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。此处动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，又因为tell和George之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用动词不定式的被动式。 答案　to be told 4．作条件状语 To turn to the left，you can find a post office. 若向左拐，你就会发现一个邮局。 To listen to him，you should think that there's no problem whatever exists. 如果你听他的话，就应该料想到一切事情都没有问题。 2．单句语法填空 ①To work (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. ②To learn (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. ③He hurried to the station only to find (find) the train had left. ④We travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit (visit) the World War I battlefields. ⑤When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (find) them alive. ⑥Join us to taste (taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks. 如何写出对太空探索的看法 本单元的写作内容体裁是议论文。议论文的写作就是对某一方面的问题，通过列举事实、讲道理等方法来表达自己的看法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。 1．开头(beginning)——交代或提出问题； 2．主体(body)——介绍或从几个方面来分析问题； 3．结尾(ending)——写出解决问题的方法或思路。 argue with sb.about sth.与某人争论某事 with the development of science and technology随着科技的进步 My reasons are as follows...我的理由如下…… I don't agree with the idea that...我反对…… exploring space has promoted the development of...宇宙探索促进了……的发生 space exploration benefits farming宇宙探索惠及农业 Different people have different ideas/opinions/views about space exploration. 对于探索宇宙不同的人有不同的观点。 I hold the view that mankind should explore space. 我认为人类应该探索宇宙。 Different people look at the question in different way. 不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。 60%of the people hold the view that exploring space will benefit us，on the other hand，40% think it wastes lots of time and money. 60%的人认为探索太空会对我们有益，然而另一方面，40%的人认为它浪费了大量的时间和金钱。 I think there are many advantages in exploring space.First，it has made a difference in the fight against world hunger.Second，it made us realize that our earth's resources are limited. 我认为探索宇宙有很多优点：第一，它在抗击世界性饥饿的战斗中发挥了作用；第二，它让我们认识到地球的资源是有限的。 On the other hand，the rest of the people are against the plan because it may result in some bad effect. 另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。 Space exploration is not impulsive and mysterious.It gives humans the chance to better understand how our own planet works，so that we can see what might happen in the future in or outside of our planet. 太空探索不是冲动和神秘的。它让人类有机会更好地了解我们自己的星球是如何运转的，这样我们就能预测地球上和外太空未来可能发生的事情。 I hold the belief that space exploration not only enables us to understand how the universe began，but also helps us survive well into the future. 我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。 I think we should spend more time and money to explore space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems. 为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。 I believe that scientists and researchers will only create new opportunities for the sustainable development of mankind by creating new questions and discovering new answers using space exploration. 我相信，科学家和研究人员只会利用太空探索创造新的问题，发现新的答案，为人类的持续发展创造新的机会。 In short，space exploration provides hopes for the future because human beings are able to look into ways in which they can use unlimited resources available in space for the benefit of mankind. 简而言之，空间探索为未来带来了希望，因为人类能够探索出各种方法去利用太空中无限的资源为人类服务。 最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。 30%的同学认为 70%的同学认为 1.不值得探索； 2.离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远； 3.浪费金钱，这些金钱本可用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题 1.值得探索； 2.已使用卫星进行通信传输、天气预报； 3.有望解决地球人口问题、地球能源短缺问题 正、反对比类议论文是从正、反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。此类议论文应注意以下几点： 1．此类文章的结构一般为：引语——正方观点——反方观点——结论。 2．文章要做到要点完整，条理清晰，各段之间层次清楚。从段落内部的层次上讲，每一段一般又分为三部分：主题句、扩展句和总结句。 3．常用一般现在时。 Recently，students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile.They think space is too far away from us and our daily life.And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth's problems such as starvation and pollution. On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast.What's more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortage on the earth. 1．文章按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作，段落结构清晰。 2．文章中过渡词and，on the other hand，also，what's more等的使用，使文章条理清楚，层次分明。 3．高级词汇worthwhile，benefit，enable等以及高级句式，如宾语从句“whether space is worth exploring”，过去分词短语作后置定语“spent on space exploration”等的使用为文章增彩不少。 在线学习群越来越受到人们的欢迎。对此，不同的人持有不同的观点。请你根据以下提示，用英语给某英语报刊写一篇短文，并谈谈你的看法。 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 1.获得新知识； 2.利用闲暇时间学习。 1.学习群管理不善； 2.浪费时间。 1.…… 2.…… 注意：1.短文要包括所有要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥；2.词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：online study group 微信学习群 Nowadays, online study groups are more and more popular among people. However, different people hold different opinions on this matter. [参考范文] Nowadays，online study groups are more and more popular among people. However，different people hold different opinions on this matter． Some people prefer to study in online groups.Their reasons are as follows.Firstly，people can learn new things they can't get from books. Secondly，learners can make full use of their spare time to study wherever they are. However，others don't think so，They argue that the groups are poorly managed，which spreads much false information.Besides，studying by joining the online groups is a waste of time. In my opinion，it is advisable to use online groups to study，which can bring us great benefits.Not only can we be exposed to a lot of knowledge but we can exchange ideas with others instantly.Taking everything into consideration，I approve of studying in online groups. [基础通关] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He came to show (show) me his new science book. 2．Our English teacher has many ways to make (make) her class interesting. 3．The doctors are busy doing what they can to save (save) the dying man. 4．To catch (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 5．To avoid (avoid) any delay, please phone for your order directly. 6．Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk (talk) over what is bothering them. 7．I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget (forget) it. 8．This was the best book for him to read (read)，which made him very happy. 9．I went inside, excited to tell grandpa about what I'd done, only to find (find) he was sleeping. 10．However, reading novels is not the only way to improve (improve) your English. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我匆忙赶到王教授的家，可是却发现他外出了。 I hurried to Professor Wang's house, only to find he was out． 2．去年寒假，我和父亲一起去了乡下看望了我的祖父母。 During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents． 3．根据本周二要公布的一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加利福尼亚已经失去了一半的大树。 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday. 4．有太多的问题要处理，我哥哥担忧得吃不下任何东西。 With so many problems to solve，my brother was too worried to eat anything． 5．我熬夜到11点半，为的是独自好好看看月亮。 I stayed awake until half past eleven so as to/in order to/to get a good look at the moon by myself. 6．安迪和鲁比首先到达了山顶，上气不接下气。 Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of the mountain，out of breath. Ⅲ.语法填空 Recently in the US，more students prefer 1.to leave(leave) the campus and study in a foreign country for half 2.or one year. Some people may be frightened：communicating in a foreign language，leaving friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for students 3.to study(study) abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is often impossible 4.to gain (gain)at their home universities. “Globally，there is so much 5.to do(do).I'm hoping 6.to go(go) somewhere and experience something I wouldn't get at home，”a student who intended 7.to study(study) abroad said. It was said that the increase had something 8.to do(do) with the universities' promise that they encourage students 9.to study(study) overseas.The universities have been really good about saying that students need 10.to go(go) abroad. For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are those experienced outside the classroom. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $