Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

本讲义围绕“太空探索”主题，系统构建语言能力培养支架，涵盖astronaut、rocket等核心词汇及词块，the＋序数词＋不定式等句式，动词不定式作定状语法，科普文与议论文语篇分析，以及“太空生活”交流和议论文写作等表达技能，形成从基础语言知识到综合运用的学习脉络。 该资料突出语言能力与文化意识、思维品质融合，通过讨论预测、段落大意归纳等任务培养分析评判能力，结合中国航天成就增强文化自信。课中活动促进互动探究，课后词汇拓展、语法练习助力巩固，有效辅助教学与学生查漏补缺。

Unit 4　Space Exploration 核心 素养 教学目标与要求 语言 能力 【主题】　太空探索 【语音】　能够遵循英语的重读规则，分辨连贯的英语句子中哪些词需要重读，哪些词不需要重读，能够有节奏地朗读或口头表达。 【词汇】　能正确使用下列单词和词块。 astronaut，procedure，mental，centimetre，intelligent，rocket，gravity，frontier，vehicle，universe，determine，satellite，launch，orbit，mankind，agency，data，disappointed，desire，independent，signal，recycle，muscle，lack，otherwise，beyond，current，sufficient，towel，tissue，facility，globe，argue，shallow，pattern，monitor，regular，resource，limited，attach，oxygen carry on，on board，in the hope of doing sth.，so as to (do sth.)，solar system，figure out，result in，as a result，provide for sb.，in closing，run out 【结构/句式】 1.the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式　第几个做……的…… 2.not only...but also...不但……而且…… 3.It takes some time to do sth.花费……时间做某事 【语法】　能够分辨用作定语和状语的动词不定式，理解其功能和意义，并正确运用到口头和笔头表达中。 【语篇】 1.阅读关于太空探索历史的科普文，观察和分析文章的组织结构，把握段落和句子之间的衔接和连贯关系。 2.阅读探讨太空探索的意义和价值的议论文，区分作者的论点与相关论据。 【表达】 1.能够围绕“太空生活”这一话题积极交流，表达自己的好奇心并提出感兴趣的问题。 2.能够针对是否支持太空探索这一话题写一篇议论文。 学习 能力 1.能够在听的过程中准确获取与数字相关的信息。 2.能够根据文章的组织结构和上下文逻辑关系判断并还原文本中缺失的信息。 3.能够准确而简练地归纳段落大意。 4.能够通过理解和记忆词块提高语言学习的效率和语言运用能力。 文化 意识 1.了解人类太空探索的历史成就，积累天文百科知识，提高科学素养。 2.了解我国太空探索的历史成就以及最新发展，增强文化自信和民族自豪感。 3.学习太空科学家和宇航员们不畏艰险、勇于探索的精神。 思维 品质 能够梳理人类太空探索的历史发展、成就及其重要意义；能够分析和评判关于太空探索的不同立场和态度；学会质疑、分析和甄别论据的可靠性；能够以全面的、发展的观点来评判科技发展所带来的利与弊。 We find that the moon is about 239，000 miles (384，551 km) away from the earth，and，to within a few thousand miles，its distance always remains the same.Yet a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing till.Its distance from the earth remains the same，but its direction continually changes.We find that it is traveling in a circle—or very nearly a circleround the earth，going completely round once a month，or，more exactly，once every 27 and 1/3 days.It is our nearest neighbor in space，and like ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the earth's gravitational pull. Except for the sun，the moon looks the biggest object in the sky.Actually it is one of the smallest，and only looks big because it is so near to us.Its diameter is only 2，160 miles (3，476 km)，or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth. Once a month，or，more exactly，once every 29 and 1/2 days，at the time we call “full moon”，its whole disc looks bright.At other times only part of it appears bright，and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun，while the part facing away from the sun appears dark.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind—only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.This shows that the moon gives no light of its own.It merely reflects the light of the sun，like a huge mirror hung in the sky. 我们发现月球距离地球大约239，000英里(384，551公里)，在几千英里范围内，它的距离始终保持不变。然而，很小(角度)的观察表明，月球并不是静止的。它与地球的距离保持不变，但它的方向不断变化。我们发现它绕着地球转圈，或者几乎是一个圆，一圈转一月，或者更确切地说，一圈27又1/3天。它是我们在太空中最近的邻居，和我们一样，它被地球的引力束缚在地球上。 除了太阳，月亮看起来是天空中最大的物体。实际上它是最小的，看起来很大是因为它离我们太近了。它的直径只有2，160英里(3，476公里)，也就是地球直径的四分之一多一点。 一个月一次，或者更确切地说，每29.5天一次，在我们称之为“满月”的时候，它的整个圆盘看起来很亮。在其他时候，只有一部分看起来是明亮的，我们总是发现这是面向太阳的部分，而不面向太阳的部分看起来是黑暗的。如果艺术家们能记住这一点，他们的画就会变得更好——只有那些被太阳照亮的月球部分才是明亮的。这表明月球本身不发光。它只是反射太阳光，就像挂在天空中的一面大镜子。 词海拾贝 1．observation n．观察 2．continually adv.持续地 3．gravitational adj.引力的；重力引起的 4．diameter n．直径；对径；放大率；放大倍数 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking & Discovering Useful Structures Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人 2．mental adj.精神的；思想的 3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物 4．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 5．launch vt.& n．(航天器的)发射；(船的)下水；(产品的)上市 6．orbit n．轨道；势力范围； vt.& vi.沿轨道运行环绕……运行 7．desiren.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 8．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 9．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用 10．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏 11．otherwise adv.否则；要不然 12．beyond prep.在更远处；超出 13．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮 14．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续 15．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 16．leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 v. 跳过；跃过 17．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 18．data n. [pl.] 数据；资料 19．dock vi.&vt. (两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n. 码头；船坞 20．giant adj. 巨大的，伟大的 n．巨人，巨兽，伟人 拓展词汇 1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智力； 才智； 智慧 2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明； 决定； 确定→determination n．决心； (正式) 决定，确定 3．disappointed adj.失望的； 沮丧的→ disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望； 使扫兴→disappointment n．失望； 沮丧 4．independently adv.独立地；自立地→independent adj.独立的；自立的→depend vi.依靠→dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的→dependence n．依靠，依赖，依存 5．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的→sufficiently adv.充足地 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be curious about 对……好奇 2．find out 弄清楚 3．focus on 关注；聚焦于 4．carry on 继续做；坚持干 5．in space 在太空 6．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 7．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望 8．lack of 缺乏；缺少 9．under control 在……控制下 10．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training. 宇航员不仅要学会如何使用航空设备，还要进行许多精神和身体这方面的训练。 2．First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 首先，你要足够聪明获得相关的学位。 3．Following this, many more goals were achieved. 接下来，达到了更多的目标。 4．This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为人们相信尽管是艰巨的任务，继续探索太空是很重要的。 5．China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 中国的太空项目比苏联和美国的要晚，但却已经在很短的时间内取得了很大的进步。 1．Discussing—Look at the following pictures and answer the questions. (1)What events are these pictures related to? 答案　The answer is open. (2)Do you know any other famous astronauts at home and abroad? What can you learn from them? 答案　The answer is open. 2．Predicting—Look at the pictures and the titles on Page 40 and predict what the text is probably about? 答案　The text is probably about space exploration. Ⅰ.Look through the text and find the main idea of each paragraph.　 　 2．Para. 2　B．What China has achieved in space exploration? 　 　 5．Para. 5　E．Scientists' determination to explore space despite the disasters. 答案　1.C　2.D　3.E　4.B　5.A Ⅱ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What had happened before the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched? A.Quite a few severe accidents had killed some astronauts. B．Many experiments on rockets had been carried out. C．Yuri Gagarin had got well prepared to fly into space. D．America's NASA had made great research on rockets. 2．What can be inferred from Neil Armstrong's words? A．It is easy for him to step onto the surface of the moon. B．Neil Armstrong has made unbelievable achievements. C.Human beings have made a great breakthrough in history. D．In exploring space the US achieved more than the USSR. 3．How did the scientists react after the disasters happened? A．They felt disappointed and hopeless. B．They rose to the challenge bravely. C．They gave up building the task. D．They decided to put off the exploration. 4．What do we infer from the fourth paragraph? A.China has invested too much in space exploration. B．The Shenzhou 5 spacecraft is the first to take man into space. C．Chang'e 4 and spacemen have landed on the moon. D．China has made rapid progress in exploring space. 答案　1.B　2.C　3.B　4.D Fill in the blanks according to the text. Humans are exploring space in the hope of 1.finding (find) out more about the universe. 2.However, exploring space is both dangerous and challenging. Despite all these difficulties, scientists 3.were determined (determine) to help humans realise their dream and after many experiments, they succeeded in making 4.rockets (rocket) to escape Earth's gravity. And 5.on October, 1957, the first satellite 6.was launched (launch) by the USSR and orbited around the earth 7.successfully(success). Although scientists tried their best 8.to make (make) sure nothing would go wrong, accidents still happened. These disasters made everyone 9.disappointed (disappoint), but the desire to explore the universe never died. In the last two decades, China has made great progress in this field. Nowadays, many countries have plans to explore other 10.planets(planet). I'm sure space exploration enjoys a bright future. 1．determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的 [教材原句P40]　However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 [归纳拓展] (1)be determined to do决心做…… be determined that决心…… (2)determine vt.& vi.决定；决心；确定 determine to do 决定做…… determine that(从句)决定…… determine sb. to do sth.使某人下决心做某事 determine on/upon 确定…… (3)determination n．决心；决定 with determination 坚决地 [典型例句] She is determined that her son (should) overcome the difficulty alone. 她坚信她的儿子可以自己克服困难。 I determined to leave at once. 我决定立即动身。 He confronted his pile of work with determination. 他很坚定地正视这一大堆工作。 [名师点津] determine to do与be determined to do二者都表示“决定做某事”，determine to do强调动作；be determined to do说明一种状态，表示已经下了决心。determine是非延续性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用；be determined是一种延续状态，可与时间段连用。 [即学即练] 1．单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Determining(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. ②The teacher's encouraging words determined him to study(study) harder. ③Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination(determine) to push further and keep on going. ④She was a brave and determined (determine) girl with rich imagination. ⑤ I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →I determine/am determined/make up my mind to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →Determined/Determining/Making up my mind to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语) 2．desire n．& vt.渴望；欲望 [教材原句P37]　Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand. 神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知的基石。 [归纳拓展] desire sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事 desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事 desire that...渴望……，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)do” have a strong desire for/to do sth.强烈渴望得到某物/非常想做某事 desirable adj. 令人满意的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的 [典型例句] We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors. 我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。 She desires that he (should) come at once. →She desires him to come at once. 她想让他马上过来。 I have a strong desire to improve my life. 我很想改善我的生活。 [名师点津] desire用作名词和动词作“请求”“要求”讲时，其名词性从句(宾语从句、同位语从句等)要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略。类似的词还有insist，request，suggest，order，recommend，demand等。 [即学即练] 2．单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook(cook). ②His mother desired him to be(be) a teacher when he graduated from college. ③We desire that immediate help (should) be given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. ④Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable(desire), we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. ⑤每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 a．Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard­working people.(desire n．) b．Everyone desires to succeed while success only belongs to the hard­working people.(desire v．) 3．carry on 继续做，坚持干 [教材原句 P41]　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。 [归纳拓展] carry on (with)sth./doing sth. 继续(做)某事 carry out 执行，实施；进行 carry through 帮……渡过难关；把……进行到底 [典型例句] It's impossible to carry on a conversation with such a noisy background. 在这样嘈杂的背景下继续谈话是不可能的。 [即学即练] 3．单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her. ②Although faced with so many difficulties，they still carried on with their research. ③The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall through and she devoted herself to the study of chimps. ④He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task. ⑤I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her(和她继续聊天). ⑥He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task(执行那个秘密任务). ⑦You'll have an accident if you carry on driving like that (继续像那样开车). ⑧The scientist had failed several times，but his determination carried him through (使他渡过)some tough times. 4．signal vi.&vt.发信号n.信号 [教材原句P41]　This signaled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. 这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。 [归纳拓展] (1)signal (to) sb. that...向某人示意…… signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事 (2)a traffic signal 交通信号 send out a signal 发出信号 [典型例句] Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 身势语能够泄露很多你的情绪，因此双臂交叠站着能发出你正在防卫的信号。 The police signalled (to) the driver to stop his car by raising his hand. 警察举手示意司机停车。 He stood up, signaling to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client. 他站起身，向警察示意他和他的当事人已经谈完了。 [即学即练] 4．单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to signal(signal) that someone was moving about upstairs. ②The police signaled the driver to stop (stop) his car for the security check by raising his hand. ③The student stood up and crossed his arms over his head，and this signalled that he was against the plan. →The student stood up and crossed his arms over his head，signalling that he was against the plan．(分词短语作状语) ④在大街拐角处，一名警察正在示意小学生先走。 At the corner of the street，a policeman is signalling(to) the pupils to go first. 5．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便 [教材原句P41]　Despite the huge risks though, people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets. 尽管存在巨大的风险，但人们总会继续探索这个最后的边境，以了解它的秘密。 [归纳拓展] (1)so as to＝in order to，但so as to一般不用在句首。 (2)in order to和so as to引导的目的状语可转换为so that或in order that 引导的目的状语从句，从句中常含有情态动词。[典型例句] All of us worked hard in order to/so as to pass the exam. ＝In order to pass the exam，all of us worked hard. ＝All of us worked hard so that/in order that we could pass the exam. 为了通过考试，我们都努力学习。 [即学即练] 5．单句填空/句型转换 ①Cut down the article so as to make (make) it fit the space available on the paper. ②He told me the news in a low voice so as not to let the others hear what he was saying. →He told me the news in a low voice so that the others couldn't hear what he was saying. →He told me the news in a low voice in order not/so as not to let the others hear what he was saying. 6．otherwise adv.否则，要不然；另外 [教材原句P42]　Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时要用胶带固定所有的东西，否则它们会飘走。 [归纳拓展] or otherwise 或其他情况；或相反 and otherwise 及其他；…… otherwise conj.否则；要不然 otherwise adj.不同的；另外的 [典型例句] I need to do that because I don't get enough exercise otherwise. 我需要做那种活动，否则我的运动量不够。 Close the farm gates behind you，otherwise the animals will escape. 请随手关上农场大门，否则动物就会跑掉的。 Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。 The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 房租很贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。 [即学即练] 6．完成句子 ①Please call before you come，otherwise we might not be at home(否则我们可能不在家). ②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent(要不然房子里静悄悄的). 7．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 [教材原句P42]　Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 把人送到其他星球，甚至于太阳系以外是一件不容易达到的目标。 [归纳拓展] beyond control 不受约束；不受控制 beyond description 无法描述 beyond recognition 认不出来 beyond one's praise 令人赞不绝口 beyond one's power 超出某人权限 beyond one's reach 使某人够不到 [典型例句] Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill­based emotional intelligence. 研究表明，情感技能可能有助于这些素质中的一些，但其中大多数远远超出了基于技能的情商。 This matter is beyond my control. 这个问题超出我的管辖范围。 I think that the situation was beyond his control then. 我认为当时的情形是他无法控制的。 The beauty of the scenery is beyond all description. 这风景美得无法形容。 Put the medicine beyond children's reach. 把药放到孩子够不到的地方。 [即学即练] 7．完成句子 ①很抱歉我给你买不到票，但是这远远超出了我的能力。 I'm sorry that I can't buy you the ticket，but it's farbeyond my power. ②那小男孩够不到苹果。 The apple is beyond the boy's reach/the reach of the boy． ③这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。 The children are completely beyond control since their father left. 8．figure out理解；想出；计算出；合计为 [教材原句P42]　Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? 科学家们能想到为这样的长途旅行储存足够的食物和水的方法吗？ [归纳拓展] figure up 计算 figure in 将某物包括在内/计算在内 figure on sth./(sb.)doing sth.预料到…… figure＋that 从句 认定；认为…… [典型例句] So they figured out a way to change it. 于是他们想出了一个改变的方法。 I can't figure out why he quit his job. 我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。 Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost? 你算出假期得花多少钱了吗？ I hadn't figured on getting home so late. 我没有预料到回家这么晚。 My wishes didn't figure in his considerations. 我的愿望没有将他的想法考虑在内。 [即学即练] 8．完成句子 ①我计划一月份在纽约。 I figure on being in New York in January. ②我琢磨不透他为什么没来聚会。 I can't figure out why he didn't come to the party. 1．[教材原句P38]　Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training. 宇航员不仅要学会如何使用航空设备，还要进行许多精神和身体这方面的训练。 [句式分析] 本句how to use space equipment 是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作动词learn的宾语，此结构可转化成宾语从句how they can use space equipment。 [归纳拓展] “疑问词(who/whom/what/which/when/how/where)/whether＋不定式”结构可作主语、宾语、表语等。常见的可接此结构作宾语的动词：advise，ask，consider，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder等。 [典型例句] No one knows what to happen next. 谁也不知道下一步有什么事发生。 The question is where to put it. 问题是把它放在哪儿。 He knows what to do and what not to do. 他知道该做什么，不该做什么。 [即学即练] 1．完成句子/句型转换 ①I don't know how to do it next. 我不知道下一步该怎么做这事。 ②He doesn't know what he will talk about. →He doesn't know what to talk about． ③I really have no idea whether I will accept her invitation or not. →I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not. 2．[教材原句P41]　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为人们相信尽管是艰巨的任务，继续探索太空是很重要的。 [句式分析] 句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”，because在句中引导表语从句。 [归纳拓展] (1)That/This is why...这/那是……的原因； 这/那是为什么…… (2)The reason for (doing) sth./why...is that...……的原因是…… [典型例句] He was given a warning. That is because he was late for school again. 他受到了警告，那是因为他上学又迟到了。 He was caught in a traffic jam. It was why he was late for the meeting. 他遇上了交通堵塞，这就是他开会迟到的原因。 The reason why he was given a warning was that he was late for the meeting again. 他受到警告的原因是他又一次开会迟到了。 [即学即练] 2．完成句子/句型转换 ①那就是他没有通过测试的原因。 That's why he didn't pass the test. ②这是因为他不喜欢音乐。 This is because he doesn't like music. ③她被解雇的原因是她太懒了。 The reason why she was fired was that she was too lazy. ④He was not admitted into a key university because he didn't work hard enough. →The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was that he didn't work hard enough.(定语从句) [基础通关] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Before flying into space, astronauts (宇航员) must learn to deal with the hard conditions they will meet with. 2．Some people believe the universe (宇宙) was created by a big explosion. 3．Do you know the name of the satellite (卫星)? 4．The room is two­thirds larger than they desired(期望). 5．A red light is usually a signal (信号) of danger. 6．The situation is beyond (超出) our power to control. 7．The medicines you are currently (目前) taking could be affecting your balance. 8．I felt surprised that the boy of high intelligence (智力) should have failed such an easy test. 9．They will continue in their struggle for independence(独立). 10．I am sure the whole country must have felt proud very much when the unmanned spacecraft (航天器)returned to the earth. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Although she had some health problems, she carried on working (work) hard late into the night. 2．They will use lots of recycled (recycle) materials such as plastic，aluminum，steel，glass，wood and paper. 3．From today on I will insist on keeping a diary in English，in the hope of improving my English. 4．Greatly disappointed(disappoint)，he decided to leave the place as soon as possible. 5．It is said that China will send up a spaceship which orbits (orbit) the moon. 6．She expressed her strong determination (determine)that nothing could reduce her to give up her career as a teacher. 7．I don't have anything suitable to wear (wear) for the party. 8．I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed (succeed). 9．I hate it when she calls me at work－I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her. 10．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board. Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) be determined to do；on board；in the hope of；so as to，carry on；focus on；in the future；succeed in；be curious about；believe in 1．At the site，rescue workers have been searching carefully in the hope of finding more survivors. 2．Using 20，000 volunteers，the organization succeeded in linking 3，500 schools in the state to the global computer network. 3．That family has carried on a hardware business for five generations. 4．The mayor is determined to clean up the city and make it a safer place to live. 5．We raced against the clock so as to fulfill our production plan according to schedule. 6．They are/were curious about the people who lived upstairs. 7．Environmental groups worry about whether the new agency will focus on protecting the environment or on attracting tourists. 8．I can't seem to get it home to my son that extra time spent studying now will pay off in the future． Ⅳ.完成句子 1．受到老师所说的话的鼓励，那个男孩回到了座位上，决心更加努力学习。 Encouraged by what the teacher said，the boy returned to his seat, determined to study harder． 2．一旦有幸被雇用，我将尽最大的努力来报答您的信任。 If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust. 3．这名律师全神贯注地听，尽力不错过任何要点。 The lawyer listened with full attention，trying not to miss any point. 4．他受到了警告，那是因为他又一次打破了窗子。 He was given a warning. That is because he broke the window again. 5．他们决定为这项工程增加更多的工人，为的是它不被耽搁。 They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $