能力提升(11) Unit 4 Section Ⅱ（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

[能力提升] [限时30分钟] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Scientists now believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see.We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year.That's because they are invisible(不可见的).They are the mysterious dead stars called black holes. You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all, our sun is a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky，burning brightly, giving us heat and light.The sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As the star's gases burn, they give off light and heat.But when the gases run out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools，the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center.The star squashes into(挤进) a smaller and smaller ball.Imagine if the earth were crushed(挤压) until it was the size of a tiny marble(玻璃弹子).That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole, is packed(堆积).What pulls the star in toward its center with such power？It's gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in(吸进) everything－even light.The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes.That's why you see nothing but blackness. 1．Which of the following can explain how the star dies? A．As the gases run out, it cools down. B．As it collides(碰撞) with other stars，it crashes. C．As it sucks in too much light, it explodes. D．As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes. 解析　细节理解题。从第三段的第二句话可知A项为正确答案。 答案　A 2．The underlined word “mysterious” in Paragraph 1 probably means________． A．ordinary　　　　　　B．bright C．strange D．common 解析　词义猜测题。由上一句That's because they are invisible可以排除A、D项；由本句中的black holes可以排除B项。而C项符合句意。 答案　C 3．Which of the following is NOT a fact? A．Black holes are dead stars. B．Black holes have gravity. C．The dead stars are tightly packed. D．The sun won't die even after billions of years. 解析　细节理解题。从第二段的最后两句话可知D项内容与事实不符，故本题答案为D项。 答案　D 4．What happens after a star dies? A．It becomes invisible. B．It falls to the earth. C．It burns up all of its gases. D．It becomes brighter and easier to see. 解析　推理判断题。从第三段可知A项为正确答案。 答案　A B Astronauts travelling in space meet various forms of radiation that are uncommon on Earth. Some of the radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts' lives. Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data of male astronauts from the United States. They then compared the data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care—professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans. Astronauts are usually welleducated, earn more money and are in better physical condition than the average American. Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death, the researchers noted. The findings were reported in Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Much of the existing research on mortality rates of astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job. There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”. This effect shows people with employment of any kind have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds. Reynolds said, “The challenge has always been to understand whether astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命，但其健康状况是否会受到影响仍然是未知的。 5．How did researchers carry out their study? A．By doing interviews. B．By analysing some factors. C．By comparing different data. D．By doing experiments in the lab. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data...They then compared the data with information about...可知，研究人员是通过对比不同的数据进行研究的。故选C项。 答案　C 6．What can we learn from the text? A．All radiation is harmful to human health. B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans. C．“Healthy worker effect” shows working people are healthier. D．Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the“healthy worker effect”．This effect shows people with employment of any kind have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work，said Robert Reynolds.可知，“健康工作者效应”显示，有工作的人比那些不能工作的人有更少的健康方面的问题，即有工作的人身体更健康，故选C项。 答案　C 7．What can be inferred from Reynolds' words? A.Researchers are determined to face the challenge. B．The research is almost impossible to conduct. C．Several important factors hold back the research. D．Astronauts are not as healthy as athletes. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段雷诺兹的话可知，这项研究还面临着挑战，而最大的问题是，如果这些宇航员当初没有去太空，而是被雇用做了其他工作，那么他们的健康状况是否与现在相同。要想完成这项研究，则需要找到在这几个重要因素上具有对照性的群体，由此推断这项研究不太可能进行，故选B项。 答案　B 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise B．Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes C．Radiation Affects Astronauts' Health D．Astronauts—Be WellEducated and Earn More 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明，太空辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命，但其健康状况是否受到影响仍然是未知的。故A项Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise(宇航员——健康与否)适合作本文的标题， 答案　A Ⅱ.阅读理解七选五 On May 30, a rocket was launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It was the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. __1__ So what's the big deal? The big deal is a collection of firsts.The first humans were carried aboard a rocket developed by a private company. The first humans were aboard a reusable rocket. Ever since the opening days of the space age, NASA has designed, built, and flown its very own rockets, and capsules (太空舱). __2__ The private company SpaceX has provided the big rocket boost (火箭助推器) which is needed to get NASA's astronauts to the space, aboard the Falcon 9 rocket topped with a Dragon crew capsule. __3__ It is trying to make access to space cheaper, chiefly through the use of reusable rockets — once the payload is delivered into orbit, bring the rocket back down to Earth and polish it up for another ride. In the meantime, NASA has spent the past decade in a highly bureaucratic version of hell.After the sad end of the space shuttle program in 2011, the American space agency was forced to rent seats on Russian made and Russian launched Soyuz rockets to get astronauts up to the International Space Station. __4__ And now, the launch of the Falcon 9 rocket means it is possible to make the access to space cheaper, more reliable, and absolutely easier.__5__ Space tourism? Moon bases? I would say that the sky is limit, but the sky is just the start. A．But this time, it's totally different. B．Rockets lift off all the time from Earth. C．This made for great wounded national pride. D．Most of the astronauts haven't made it up into space. E．SpaceX has spent the past decades working tirelessly. F.NASA has been developing a new space launch system. G．It's impossible to say what revolutions that might lead to. [语篇解读]　美国东部时间2020年5月27日下午4：32，一枚火箭将从佛罗里达州的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空。文章介绍了此次火箭发射的意义。 1．解析　上文介绍了一次火箭升空，而空后又说这没有什么了不起的。由此可知，B选项“火箭经常从地球上升空”切题。 答案　B 2．解析　由上文可知，自太空时代开始，NASA一直在承担设计、建造与发射火箭和太空舱的任务，而空后提及此次发射是由一家私人公司承担的，空处前后介绍了不同的情况，A选项”但这次完全不同了”符合语境。 答案　A 3．解析　根据上文可知，SpaceX公司为美国国家航空航天局的宇航员提供了所需的火箭助推器，搭载了顶部装有“龙”号太空舱的猎鹰9号火箭，本段应该接着谈SpaceX。空后的一句是对本空的解释，说明SpaceX的目的，故E选项“SpaceX在过去的几十年里不知疲倦地工作着”切题。故选E。 答案　E 4．解析　根据上文可知，2011年航天飞机计划结束后，美国航天局被迫租用俄罗斯制造和俄罗斯发射的Soyuz火箭的座位，将宇航员送上国际空间站。C选项与前一句是因果关系。 答案　C 5．解析　空后的“Space tourism？Moon bases？”是通过反问的形式进行举例，空处承接下文，故G选项“不可能确定太空飞行会带来什么样的革命”切题。故选G。 答案　G Ⅲ.完形填空 Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal town.The little __1__ houses face the sea.The sunlight warms their beauty.But，look carefully and yon'll see many things that seem __2__ ...but they're not. This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be.While some flowers die，others live for years.Why? Because they're __3__ on the building! Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.__4__，Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs，so that they could see their homes __5__ from the water.Then in the 1700s，it became a way to make small，simple buildings look __6__ and highvalued. And today there are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli，but only a few artists are __7__ to paint them.Carlo is one of this everdecreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it. His __8__ are often people who want to improve their home's __9__．But for Carlo trompe l'oeil's purpose is to bring something __10__ to a new place，such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities. Carlo's painting style __11__ the past.He only uses oldstyle paints and mixes them by hand.He does so for one reason: to protect the trompe l'oeil __12__．He also believes this art should be __13__ everywhere. Fortunately，in Camogli，local art and culture are still __14__．But remember，don't always __15__ your eyes! [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利的卡莫利小镇上错视画这一艺术形式的起源和发展，从多方面说明了这种艺术形式的美学价值。 1．A.colored B．crowded C．damp D．wooden 解析　根据下文中的“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs”可知，这些房屋是有颜色的。故选A项。 答案　A 2．A.fancy B．novel C．real D．valuable 解析　根据下文中的“This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be”可知，这个渔村充满了错视画，是一种看起来和实际上不一样的艺术形式。因此此处表示，你会发现许多看似真实的东西……但事实并非如此。故选C项。 答案　C 3．A.carved B．pressed C．painted D．planted 解析　根据下文中的“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors”可知，这些花朵是画在屋子上的。故选C项。 答案　C 4．A.Creatively B．Mistakenly C．Frequently D．Originally 解析　根据空前的“Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries”及空后的“Then in the 1700s，it became a way to make small，simple buildings look __6__ and highvalued”可知，错视画这种艺术形式已经存在几个世纪了，本段及下文内容介绍错视画的起源和发展。creatively创造性地；mistakenly错误地；frequently频繁地；originally最初。故选D项。 答案　D 5．A.closely B．easily C．happily D．hopefully 解析　句意：最初，卡莫利的渔民用鲜艳的色彩和不寻常的图案粉刷房屋，以便他们可以从水中轻易地看到自己的房屋。根据常识可知，渔民将房屋涂上颜色是为了从水面上轻易地看到自己的房屋。故选B项。 答案　B 6．A.comfortable B．complicated C．grand D．harmonious 解析　根据空后的“highvalued”可知，这样的艺术形式使得房屋看起来很气派、很高档，且与空前的small和simple对照。comfortable舒适的；complicated复杂的；grand气派的；harmonious和谐的。故选C项。 答案　C 7．A.allowed B．available C．responsible D．introduced 解析　根据空前的“but only a few artists”和下文中的“Carlo is one of this everdecreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it”可知，能粉刷房屋的艺术家很少。故选B项。 答案　B 8．A.designers B．followers C．customers D．partners 解析　句意：他的客户通常是想改善自己房屋外观的人。根据上文中的“make a business out of it”可知，他设法通过这种绘画做生意，表明找到他的人即他的客户。故选C项。 答案　C 9．A.appearance B．capacity C．convenience D．privacy 解析　参见上题解析。故选A项。 答案　A 10．A.civilized B．faraway C．natural D．unexpected 解析　句意：但是对于Carlo来说，错视画是将一些出乎意料的东西带到一个新的地方，例如将城市带入大海，甚至将沙漠带入城市。根据后文的“such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities”可知，这种艺术形式的目的是将意想不到的事物带到一个新的地方。故选D项。 答案　D 11．A.comes from B．brings about C．goes against D．leaves out 解析　根据后文的“He only uses oldstyle paints and mixes them by hand”可知，他使用的绘画风格源于老式的绘画风格。故选A项。 答案　A 12．A.artists B．buildings C．paints D．traditions 解析　句意：他这样做有一个原因，那就是保护错视画的传统。根据上文中的“Carlo is one of this everdecreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it”可知，能创作这种艺术的艺术家越来越少了，意在表明他想保护这种艺术。故选D项。 答案　D 13．A.accepted B．discussed C．learned D．seen 解析　句意：他还认为，这种艺术应该随处可见。故选D项。 答案　D 14．A.changing B．alive C．diverse D．unique 解析　句意：幸运的是，在卡莫利，当地的艺术和文化依然有活力。根据上文“there are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli”，可知，当今这种艺术和文化依然存在。故选B项。 答案　B 15．A.believe B．block C．widen D．cheat 解析　句意：但是请记住，不要总是相信自己的眼睛！根据上文的“But，look carefully and you'll see many things that seem __2__．..but they're not”可知，你认为你看到的东西是真实的，但其实事实并非如此，故此处表示不要总是相信自己的眼睛。故选A项。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $