精品解析：北京市第八中学2025-2026学年度第一学期期未练习题高一英语试卷

北京八中2025-2026学年度第一学期期末练习题 2025-2026学年度第一学期期末练习题 年级：高一 科目：英语 本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟 Part I. Cloze test （1’×15） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I never understood my grandmother’s deep love for her old wooden box until the day she handed it to me. The box, carved with delicate patterns, had accompanied her through sixty years of life. “Some things take time to reveal their true ____1____,” she said softly. When I first opened the box, I felt ____2____. It contained nothing but broken clay pieces, faded photographs, and some yellowed letters. ____3____ my disappointment, Grandma simply smiled and said, “Patience, my child.” Over the following weeks, I ____4____ studied each item. The clay pieces, when ____5____ fitted together, formed a beautiful vase her mother had made. The photographs told stories of our family’s history, while the letters ____6____ my grandfather’s love during the war. One rainy afternoon, as I was carefully ____7____ the last piece of the vase, I suddenly understood. This wasn’t just a collection of ____8____ objects; it was the story of a life, patiently waiting to be ____9____. The process taught me more than just family history. It taught me about the ____10____ of patience and attention. In our fast-paced world, we often ____11____ the beauty that requires time to discover. We expect instant results and immediate understanding, ____12____ some treasures only reveal themselves to those willing to wait. Now, when I feel ____13____ or frustrated by life’s challenges, I remember that wooden box. I remember that some understanding cannot be ____14____; it must be earned through patient exploration. And like my grandmother’s wisdom, the most valuable lessons often come ____15____, wrapped in simplicity and waiting for the right moment to be discovered. 1. A. value B. purpose C. secret D. origin 2. A. excited B. disappointed C. curious D. amazed 3. A. Noticing B. Showing C. Hiding D. Expressing 4. A. carelessly B. nervously C. patiently D. potentially 5. A. constantly B. perfectly C. finally D. properly 6. A. studied B. revealed C. created D. discussed 7. A. cleaning B. painting C. placing D. holding 8. A. expensive B. ancient C. ordinary D. rare 9. A. discovered B. created C. changed D. analyzed 10. A. lesson B. cost C. power D. result 11. A. forget B. miss C. see D. destroy 12. A. while B. because C. unless D. though 13. A. pleased B. lost C. hurt D. afraid 14 A. taught B. rushed C. bought D. explained 15. A. quietly B. obviously C. directly D. frequently Part II. Grammar （1’×10） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lang Lang, one of the world’s greatest pianists, is not a stranger to international stages. The Chinese musician ____16____ (inspire) millions with his performances over the past two decades. However, what makes his 2024 concert special is his new piece, The Voice of the Yellow River, which honors China’s rich cultural heritage and ____17____ (show) his artistic growth. Lang’s music, a perfect combination of Western classical techniques and Chinese musical traditions, ____18____ (consider) by critics to have the ability to connect people from different backgrounds. His latest work is a reflection of his deep love for his homeland, while also clearly showing his innovative approach to music. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tennis player Zheng Qinwen, a gold medalist, was happy to return to the school that she ____19____ (attend) before. Zheng, the first Asian athlete to get a gold medal in women’s singles tennis in 128 years of Olympic history, ____20____ (tell) the students that winning not only brought glory but also made her inner self stronger and more confident. “But along this road to success, there may be difficulties, doubts, tears and failures. You must enjoy the process. When you stand at the top of the world and look back, you ____21____ (find) that the efforts that you made in the past were worth it.” she added. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Little New Year, or “Xiaonian”, is a beloved traditional Chinese festival, usually celebrated one week ___22___ the Spring Festival. It marks the official start of Spring Festival preparations, ___23___ on this day families begin to clean their houses thoroughly, buy new clothes, and cook festive foods like sweet candies and dumplings. ___24___ some modern families have simplified certain customs, the warm and joyful atmosphere of Xiaonian never ___25___ (fade). It brings loved ones closer and makes everyone feel the excitement of the upcoming Spring Festival more deeply. Part III Reading Comprehension （2’×19） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. It’s difficult to control what sleep position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position. However, some positions are better for you than others, and some could actually hinder your health and wellbeing. If you sleep on your side More than 60 percent of people sleep on their side. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleep positions. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the foetal (胎儿的) position. Sleeping on your side offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment, which can help to prevent back pain, to reducing heartburn and snoring. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women. There are a few drawbacks to sleeping on your side, however. Those with shoulder pain and those who are worried about wrinkles should refrain from side sleeping. If you sleep on your back Lying on your back is the second most popular sleep position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping. When you’re sleeping on your back, your weight is evenly distributed, which helps prevent neck and back pain. Back sleeping would also be advised for those who want to keep their skin in good condition and those who suffer from neck and spinal pain. However, back sleeping is the worst position if you snore or suffer from sleep apnoea. If you are a back sleeper, ensure you have a supportive pillow (枕头) which fits in the curve of your neck and supports your head and natural spinal curve. If you sleep on your stomach Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleep position. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives. The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can actually increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up. Furthermore, those who sleep on their stomach will have their head facing one side, which may also cause a stiff neck upon waking. Which sleep position is right for you? Determining the right sleep position for yourself is personal preference. Regardless of which position you choose, make sure that you have a firm mattress and pillows. These will support the spine and neck, which is vital to prevent any pains in future. 26. According to the passage, sleeping on the side ________. A. is the most comfortable sleep position B. may cure people of their shoulder pain C. reminds people of the foetal position D. is good for those who snore 27. Those who want to keep their skin in good condition may prefer ________. A. sleeping on their side B. sleeping on their back C. pressing their face into the pillow D. having their head face one side 28. What can people learn from the passage? A. How to judge sleep quality. B. How to evaluate one’s health. C. How to develop good habits. D. How to choose sleep positions. B In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit. As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆) his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature’s ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore. Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently. Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 29. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C. Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 30. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 31. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn’s confidence and intuition. B. Isla’s respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn’s exciting journey D. The wild’s temptation. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C. The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. C Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac. To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress. “The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group. The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain. In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies. 33. What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac? A. Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity. B. People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems. C. It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health. D. It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health. 34. How did researchers collect evidence for the study? A. By quoting authoritative experts. B. By interviewing healthy volunteers. C. By researching on a previous theory. D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature. B. The focus of the follow-up research. C. An appeal for living in urban regions. D. Nature’s positive effects on women and children. 36. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A. Nature Exposure: Benefits for Brain Stress B. Urban-Rural Living: Mental Impact Debates C. Amygdala Activity: Key to Stress Relief D. Urban Environment: Brain Health Risks D NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs. Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings-unless we can find a way to tackle it. NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center. The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system-a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth-about 6.8 million miles away. About 10 days before the impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid. Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique. Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate. So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction. 37. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction. B. To explain the necessity of NASA’s Dart mission. C. To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris. D. To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present. 38. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission? A. B. C. D. 39. What is the function of LiciaCube? A. Sending impact data back to Earth. B Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit. C. Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft. D Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations. 40. What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean? A. There is no challenge too big to overcome. B. There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs. C. There is no single solution to the complex problem. D. There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision. E If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, they must be trying to ruin career. When Wi-Fi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in. But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the Wi-Fi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor (汉隆剃刀) comes in — a useful mental model that tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance. Applying Hanlon’s razor, a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension, in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental, and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt, have more empathy and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness. We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance. To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. 41. What is the core concept emphasized by Hanlon’s razor? A. It prioritizes unawareness over evil as causes. B. It assumes evil intentions drive all incidents. C. It claims technical failures are intentional. D. It stresses punishing those who make errors. 42. What does the underlined word “perpetrator” in paragraph 4 mean? A. An issue fixer. B. An error maker. C. A blame sharer. D. A familiar person. 43. Which of the following proverbs best illustrates the application of Hanlon’s razor? A. “A bad workman always blames his tools.” B. “Think no ill where no ill intent appears.” C. “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” D. “Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.” 44. What is the passage most likely to discuss in the following paragraphs? A. Examples of how to teach others to avoid repeating mistakes. B. Historical origins of the term “Hanlon’s razor”. C. The impact of family size on workplace relationships. D. Strategies to control anger when facing technical failures. Part IV Vocabulary Section A （0.5’×14） 选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一遍，每组有两个多余选项。 （A） attach, （B） dramatically, （C） end up, （D） frustrated, （E） guarantee, （F） out of the blue, （G） proceed, （H） stroke, （I） turned out 45. If you keep putting off your homework and playing games, you will ______ falling behind your classmates. 46. The task seemed difficult at first, but it ______ to be much easier than we expected. 47. We should ______ great importance to listening and speaking when learning English, as they are basic skills. 48. After solving the technical problem, the engineers decided to ______ with the next stage of the project. 49. The company promises to ______ the quality of its products; if there is any defect, it will offer a full refund. 50. With the development of technology, people’s living standards have improved ______ over the past ten years. 51. He felt ______ when he failed the driving test for the third time, but his friend encouraged him to try again. 选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一遍，每组有两个多余选项。 （A） accustomed to, （B） do me a favour, （C） in a row, （D） in particular, （E） lived up to, （F） on account of, （G） stood up for, （H） taken by surprise, （I） thought highly of 52. He has won the school English competition three times _______, which makes all his classmates admire him a lot. 53. Could you ______ and pass me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can’t reach it. 54. The little girl is ______ seeing her parents go to work early every morning, so she never cries when they leave. 55. The team failed to enter the final ______ the sudden injury of their main player. 56. We were ______ by the sudden rain on our way to the picnic, so we all got a little wet. 57. The manager ______ Mary because she always finished her tasks efficiently and carefully. 58. When Lisa was bullied by her classmates, Tom ______ her, which made Lisa feel warm. Section B （1’×10） 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次，每组有两个多余选项。 apology, curious, describe, dynamic, extend, regular, surround 59. If you ______ review what you have learned in class, you will find it easier to master the knowledge. 60. The teacher asked us to write a ______ of our favorite festival and hand it in tomorrow. 61. You should ______ to your desk-mate for breaking his pen by mistake. 62. On New Year’s Day, people usually send cards to their relatives and friends to ______ wishes for the coming year. 63. Out of ______, the little boy opened the door quietly to see what was happening inside the room. 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次，每组有两个多余选项。 appropriate assign, motivate, occur, occasion, scare, sympathy 64. A serious traffic accident ______ on the highway yesterday because of the heavy fog. 65. The math teacher assigned a difficult ______ today, and most students need extra time to finish it. 66. It’s ______ to speak loudly in the library; we should keep quiet there. 67. The little boy was afraid of the ______ movie, so he covered his eyes during the exciting parts. 68. When she heard about the old man’s sad story, she felt very ______ and decided to offer him some help. Part V Writing（20’） 69. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1表达感谢并分享读书收获; 2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。 注意：1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京八中2025-2026学年度第一学期期末练习题 2025-2026学年度第一学期期末练习题 年级：高一 科目：英语 本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟 Part I. Cloze test （1’×15） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I never understood my grandmother’s deep love for her old wooden box until the day she handed it to me. The box, carved with delicate patterns, had accompanied her through sixty years of life. “Some things take time to reveal their true ____1____,” she said softly. When I first opened the box, I felt ____2____. It contained nothing but broken clay pieces, faded photographs, and some yellowed letters. ____3____ my disappointment, Grandma simply smiled and said, “Patience, my child.” Over the following weeks, I ____4____ studied each item. The clay pieces, when ____5____ fitted together, formed a beautiful vase her mother had made. The photographs told stories of our family’s history, while the letters ____6____ my grandfather’s love during the war. One rainy afternoon, as I was carefully ____7____ the last piece of the vase, I suddenly understood. This wasn’t just a collection of ____8____ objects; it was the story of a life, patiently waiting to be ____9____. The process taught me more than just family history. It taught me about the ____10____ of patience and attention. In our fast-paced world, we often ____11____ the beauty that requires time to discover. We expect instant results and immediate understanding, ____12____ some treasures only reveal themselves to those willing to wait. Now, when I feel ____13____ or frustrated by life’s challenges, I remember that wooden box. I remember that some understanding cannot be ____14____; it must be earned through patient exploration. And like my grandmother’s wisdom, the most valuable lessons often come ____15____, wrapped in simplicity and waiting for the right moment to be discovered. 1. A. value B. purpose C. secret D. origin 2. A. excited B. disappointed C. curious D. amazed 3. A. Noticing B. Showing C. Hiding D. Expressing 4. A. carelessly B. nervously C. patiently D. potentially 5. A. constantly B. perfectly C. finally D. properly 6. A. studied B. revealed C. created D. discussed 7. A. cleaning B. painting C. placing D. holding 8. A. expensive B. ancient C. ordinary D. rare 9. A. discovered B. created C. changed D. analyzed 10. A. lesson B. cost C. power D. result 11. A. forget B. miss C. see D. destroy 12. A. while B. because C. unless D. though 13. A. pleased B. lost C. hurt D. afraid 14. A. taught B. rushed C. bought D. explained 15. A. quietly B. obviously C. directly D. frequently 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者起初不理解祖母对旧木盒的喜爱，在祖母将木盒交给作者后，作者起初打开看到破碎陶片、褪色照片和泛黄信件时感到失望，但随后几周耐心研究这些物品，发现它们背后蕴含着家族故事、祖母母亲的爱以及祖父在战争中的爱，从而领悟到这木盒不只是物品集合，更是一个生命的故事，需要耐心去发现。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些东西需要时间来揭示它们的真正价值。A. value价值；B. purpose目的；C. secret秘密；D. origin起源。根据第二段的“It contained nothing but broken clay pieces, faded photographs, and some yellowed letters”和“Patience, my child”以及下文提到作者研究盒子里这些物品，发现它们背后蕴含着家族故事、祖母母亲的爱以及祖父在战争中的爱可知，盒子里的东西是有价值的。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次打开盒子时，我感到失望。A. excited兴奋的；B. disappointed失望的；C. curious好奇的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据后文“It contained nothing but broken clay pieces, faded photographs, and some yellowed letters.”可知盒子里只有破碎的陶片、褪色的照片和泛黄的信件，所以作者感到失望，故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意到我的失望，奶奶只是微笑着说：“孩子，要有耐心。”A. Noticing注意到；B. Showing展示；C. Hiding隐藏；D. Expressing表达。根据下文“my disappointment, Grandma simply smiled and said, “Patience, my child.””可知，奶奶是注意到了作者的失望，所以才说要有耐心，故选A。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，我耐心地研究每一件物品。A. carelessly粗心地；B. nervously紧张地；C. patiently耐心地；D. potentially潜在地。根据上文“Patience, my child”可知，作者耐心地研究每一件物品，故选C。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些陶片，当恰当地拼合在一起时，形成了一个她母亲制作的美丽花瓶。A. constantly不断地；B. perfectly完美地；C. finally最后；D. properly合适地。根据下文“formed a beautiful vase”可知，要把陶片拼成花瓶，应该是恰当地拼合，故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些照片讲述了我们家族的历史，而这些信件揭示了爷爷在战争期间的爱。A. studied学习；B. revealed揭示；C. created创造；D. discussed讨论。根据上文letters和下文“my grandfather’s love during the war”可知，信件能揭示爷爷的爱，故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个下雨的下午，当我小心翼翼地放置花瓶的最后一块碎片时，我突然明白了。A. cleaning清理；B. painting绘画；C. placing放置；D. holding握住。根据第5空后的“fitted together”和下文“last piece of the vase”可知，作者把陶片拼起来，所以此处是指放置花瓶的最后一块碎片，故选C。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不仅仅是一堆普通物品的集合；它是一个生命的故事，耐心地等待着被发现。A. expensive昂贵的；B. ancient古老的；C. ordinary普通的；D. rare稀有的。根据第二段“clay pieces, faded photographs, and some yellowed letters”可知，盒子里的东西看上去是普通的物品。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅仅是一堆普通物品的集合；它是一个生命的故事，耐心地等待着被发现。A. discovered发现；B. created创造；C. changed改变；D. analyzed分析。根据上文“reveal their true”可知，此处是指发现这些故事。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它教会了我耐心和专注的力量。A. lesson课程；B. cost成本；C. power力量；D. result结果。根据下文“patience and attention”和下文“some treasures only reveal themselves to those willing to wait”可知，此处是指耐心和专注是有力量的。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们这个快节奏的世界里，我们常常错过需要时间才能发现的美。A. forget忘记；B. miss错过；C. see看见；D. destroy破坏。根据上文“In our fast-paced world”和下文“We expect instant results and immediate understanding”可知，在快节奏的世界里，我们会错过需要时间才能发现的美。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们期望立刻得到结果，立刻理解，而有些珍宝只向愿意等待的人展现自己。A. while然而；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. though虽然。根据上文“We expect instant results and immediate understanding”和下文“some treasures only reveal themselves to those willing to wait”可知，我们期望立刻得到结果，而有些宝贵的东西只有愿意等待的人才能看见。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我对生活的挑战感到迷茫或沮丧时，我会想起那个木盒子。A. pleased高兴的；B. lost迷茫的；C. hurt受伤的；D. afraid害怕的。根据下文“or frustrated by life’s challenges”可知，此处是指对生活中的挑战感到迷茫。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得有些理解不能急于求成；它必须通过耐心的探索来获得。A. taught教；B. rushed匆忙；C. bought买；D. explained解释。根据下文“it must be earned through patient exploration”可知，有些理解不能匆忙获得。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：就像我祖母的智慧一样，最有价值的教训往往是默不作声地，包裹在简单之中，等待着合适的时机被发现。A. quietly悄悄地；B. obviously明显地；C. directly直接地；D. frequently频繁地。根据下文“wrapped in simplicity and waiting for the right moment to be discovered”可知，此处指最有价值的教训会默不作声地出现。故选A。 Part II. Grammar （1’×10） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lang Lang, one of the world’s greatest pianists, is not a stranger to international stages. The Chinese musician ____16____ (inspire) millions with his performances over the past two decades. However, what makes his 2024 concert special is his new piece, The Voice of the Yellow River, which honors China’s rich cultural heritage and ____17____ (show) his artistic growth. Lang’s music, a perfect combination of Western classical techniques and Chinese musical traditions, ____18____ (consider) by critics to have the ability to connect people from different backgrounds. His latest work is a reflection of his deep love for his homeland, while also clearly showing his innovative approach to music. 【答案】16. has inspired 17. shows 18. is considered 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是著名钢琴家郎朗在国际舞台上的影响力，特别是他2024年音乐会的独特之处及其音乐创作理念。 【16题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位中国音乐家在过去二十年间凭借其演奏激励了数百万人。由over the past two decades可知，句子时态用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或对现在造成的影响；主语The Chinese musician是单数，因此空格处是has inspired。故填has inspired。 【17题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，让他2024年的音乐会尤为特别的是他的新作品《黄河之声》，这部作品既致敬了中国丰富的文化遗产，又展现了他的艺术成长。与honors并列作定语从句谓语动词，and前后时态一致，由前面的honors可知，时态是一般现在时，主语which指代的先行词The Voice of the Yellow River是一首作品，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填shows。 【18题详解】 考查时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意：郎朗的音乐将西方古典技巧与中国音乐传统完美融合，被评论家认为具有连接不同背景人群的能力。consider作谓语动词，Lang’s music和consider之间是被动关系，句子描述客观事实，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语Lang’s music是不可数名词，因此空格处是is considered。故填is considered。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tennis player Zheng Qinwen, a gold medalist, was happy to return to the school that she ____19____ (attend) before. Zheng, the first Asian athlete to get a gold medal in women’s singles tennis in 128 years of Olympic history, ____20____ (tell) the students that winning not only brought glory but also made her inner self stronger and more confident. “But along this road to success, there may be difficulties, doubts, tears and failures. You must enjoy the process. When you stand at the top of the world and look back, you ____21____ (find) that the efforts that you made in the past were worth it.” she added. 【答案】19. had attended 20. told 21. will find 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述奥运网球金牌得主郑钦文重返母校，向学生分享夺冠感悟，勉励大家珍惜努力的过程。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：网球运动员、金牌得主郑钦文很高兴回到她曾经就读过的学校。此处attend的动作发生在returned之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时had attended。故填had attended。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：郑钦文是奥运会128年历史上首位获得网球女子单打金牌的亚洲运动员，她告诉学生们，夺冠不仅带来了荣誉，也让她的内心变得更强大、更自信。此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，主语Zheng与tell为主动关系，用told。故填told。 【21题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当你站在世界之巅回望时，你会发现过去付出的努力都是值得的。此处为时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时will find。故填will find。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Little New Year, or “Xiaonian”, is a beloved traditional Chinese festival, usually celebrated one week ___22___ the Spring Festival. It marks the official start of Spring Festival preparations, ___23___ on this day families begin to clean their houses thoroughly, buy new clothes, and cook festive foods like sweet candies and dumplings. ___24___ some modern families have simplified certain customs, the warm and joyful atmosphere of Xiaonian never ___25___ (fade). It brings loved ones closer and makes everyone feel the excitement of the upcoming Spring Festival more deeply. 【答案】22. before 23. and 24. Although##Though##While 25. fades 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的小年的相关情况。 【22题详解】 考查介词。句意：小年，又称“祭灶节”，是深受喜爱的中国传统节日，通常在春节前一周庆祝。根据常识，小年是在春节前一周庆祝，空格处意为“在……之前”，用before，故填before。 【23题详解】 考查连词。句意：它标志着春节筹备工作的正式开始，在这一天，家家户户会彻底打扫房屋、购置新衣，并烹制糖果、饺子等节日美食。marks the official start of Spring Festival preparations和on this day families begin to clean their houses thoroughly是并列的关系，用并列连词and表并列，故填and。 【24题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管一些现代家庭简化了某些习俗，但小年温馨欢乐的氛围却从未消减。由some modern families have simplified certain customs, the warm and joyful atmosphere of Xiaonian never可知，此处表示“尽管一些现代家庭简化了某些习俗”，空格处意为“尽管”，用although/though/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。 【25题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管一些现代家庭简化了某些习俗，但小年温馨欢乐的氛围却从未消减。主句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是atmosphere，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填fades。 Part III Reading Comprehension （2’×19） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. It’s difficult to control what sleep position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position. However, some positions are better for you than others, and some could actually hinder your health and wellbeing. If you sleep on your side More than 60 percent of people sleep on their side. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleep positions. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the foetal (胎儿的) position. Sleeping on your side offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment, which can help to prevent back pain, to reducing heartburn and snoring. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women. There are a few drawbacks to sleeping on your side however. Those with shoulder pain and those who are worried about wrinkles should refrain from side sleeping. If you sleep on your back Lying on your back is the second most popular sleep position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping. When you’re sleeping on your back, your weight is evenly distributed, which helps prevent neck and back pain. Back sleeping would also be advised for those who want to keep their skin in good condition and those who suffer from neck and spinal pain. However, back sleeping is the worst position if you snore or suffer from sleep apnoea. If you are a back sleeper, ensure you have a supportive pillow (枕头) which fits in the curve of your neck and supports your head and natural spinal curve. If you sleep on your stomach Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleep position. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives. The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can actually increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up. Furthermore, those who sleep on their stomach will have their head facing one side, which may also cause a stiff neck upon waking. Which sleep position is right for you? Determining the right sleep position for yourself is personal preference. Regardless of which position you choose, make sure that you have a firm mattress and pillows. These will support the spine and neck, which is vital to prevent any pains in future. 26. According to the passage, sleeping on the side ________. A. is the most comfortable sleep position B. may cure people of their shoulder pain C. reminds people of the foetal position D. is good for those who snore 27. Those who want to keep their skin in good condition may prefer ________. A. sleeping on their side B. sleeping on their back C. pressing their face into the pillow D. having their head face one side 28. What can people learn from the passage? A. How to judge sleep quality. B. How to evaluate one’s health. C. How to develop good habits. D. How to choose sleep positions. 【答案】26. D 27. B 28. D 【解析】 【导读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一题题干“sleeping on the side (侧身睡)”定位到文章第一个小标题处。再根据第四段“Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women.(侧睡对老年人、打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停患者、背痛患者和孕妇尤其有益。)”可知，侧睡对打鼾者有益。故选D项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二题题干“keep their skin in good condition(保持皮肤良好状态)”定位到文章第七段，与“those who want to keep their skin in good condition(那些想要保持皮肤良好状态的人)”有对应关系，可知，想要皮肤状态好，要使用第二种仰卧姿势睡觉。故选B项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. (你的睡姿可以在很大程度上决定你的健康状况，也会以不同的方式影响你的健康。)”以及小标题“If you sleep on your side(如果你侧睡的话)”“If you sleep on your back(如果你仰着睡)”“If you sleep on your stomach(如果你趴着睡)”“Which sleep position is right for you?(哪种睡姿适合你?)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点，我们可以从文中了解如何选择适合自己的睡觉姿势。故选D项。 B In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit. As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆) his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature’s ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore. Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently. Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 29. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C. Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 30. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 31. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn’s confidence and intuition. B. Isla’s respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn’s exciting journey D. The wild’s temptation. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C. The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. 【答案】29. C 30. B 31. C 32. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Isla和她的狗Finn在荒野中的冒险和深厚友谊。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit. (他们的情谊并非偶然，而是源于共同的梦想——伊斯拉渴望远离城市的喧嚣，而荒野的每一丝沙沙声和低语声都能点燃芬恩的活力。)”可知，Isis和Finn之间的联系不仅仅是环境，还有共同的梦想。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore. (一个暮色苍茫的傍晚，天空被深红与缥缈的紫色渲染，一场突如其来的暴风雨让他们措手不及。沉重的雨滴仿佛带着悲伤，将熟悉的小径变成了湍急的溪流。在拼命寻找避难所的过程中，Isla被汹涌的水流困住了。正是在这绝望的时刻，Finn本能的勇气闪耀出光芒，他突然向前，用坚定的力量抓住她的背包，将她拉回了安全的岸边。)”可知，暴风雨让Isla 陷入了绝望。故选B。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. (村民们对这段漫长而激动人心的旅程充满了好奇，热情地欢迎了他们，他们的旅程也因此被编织进了当地传说的画卷之中。)”可知，村民们对Isla和Finn的这些旅程感兴趣。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. (村民们对这段漫长而激动人心的旅程充满了好奇，热情地欢迎了他们，他们的旅程也因此被编织进了当地传说的画卷之中。)”可知，村民们把Isla和Finn的旅程编织进了当地的传说。故选C。 C Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac. To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress. “The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group. The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain. In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies. 33. What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac? A. Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity. B. People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems. C. It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health. D. It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health. 34. How did researchers collect evidence for the study? A. By quoting authoritative experts. B. By interviewing healthy volunteers. C. By researching on a previous theory. D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature. B. The focus of the follow-up research. C. An appeal for living in urban regions. D. Nature’s positive effects on women and children. 36. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A. Nature Exposure: Benefits for Brain Stress B. Urban-Rural Living: Mental Impact Debates C. Amygdala Activity: Key to Stress Relief D. Urban Environment: Brain Health Risks 【答案】33. D 34. D 35. B 36. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于自然对人大脑产生的影响的研究结果。研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions(但到目前为止，‘先有鸡还是先有蛋’的问题仍未得到解决，即，究竟是自然真的对大脑产生了这些影响，还是特定个体选择了在农村或城市地区居住)”可知，Sonja Sudimac的“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选D。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.(为了获取因果关系的证据，该研究小组的科研人员对63名健康志愿者在柏林格鲁内瓦尔德森林或一条车水马龙的商业街散步一小时前后，大脑中参与压力处理的区域的活动情况进行了检测。结果显示，在自然环境中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少，这表明自然对与压力相关的大脑区域产生了有益影响。)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.(为了探究自然对不同人群和年龄段的益处，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，考察在自然与城市环境中散步一小时对母亲及其婴儿压力的影响。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选B。 36题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.(结果显示，在自然环境中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少，这表明自然对与压力相关的大脑区域产生了有益影响。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益，因此最好的标题是A选项“Nature Exposure: Benefits for Brain Stress(接触自然：对大脑压力的益处)”。故选A。 D NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs. Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings-unless we can find a way to tackle it. NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center. The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system-a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth-about 6.8 million miles away. About 10 days before the impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid. Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique. Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate. So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction. 37. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction. B. To explain the necessity of NASA’s Dart mission. C. To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris. D. To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present. 38. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission? A. B. C. D. 39. What is the function of LiciaCube? A. Sending impact data back to Earth. B. Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit. C. Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft. D. Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations. 40. What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean? A. There is no challenge too big to overcome. B. There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs. C. There is no single solution to the complex problem. D. There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision. 【答案】37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国宇航局将会撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类毁灭。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris(碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it.”(地球经常被小碎片所扰动，但它们通常在落地前很久就烧毁或碎裂了。然而，有时候，大到足以造成重大损害的东西会造成撞击。大约6600万年前，一次这样的撞击被认为消灭了恐龙。总有一天，类似的东西会毁灭人类，除非我们能找到解决的办法。)可知第二自然段主要讲述了地球可能会被其它小行星撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，结合第一段“NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid(小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs. (美国宇航局将会撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类重蹈恐龙的覆辙。)”可知，地球可能会被其它小行星撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，所以美国宇航局试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类重蹈恐龙的覆辙。由此可推知，第二段的目的是解释美国宇航局Dart任务的必要性。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos(Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.”(610kg飞镖航天器计划发射到目标Didymos系统，这是一对由163米“月光”小行星组成的无缝小行星，轨道更大，780米，称为Didymos（希腊语“双胞胎”）。计划是在小行星系统离地球最近的地方——大约680万英里外——将航天器撞上双形卫星。)可知新发射的航天器轨道更大，在小行星系统离地球最近的地方将航天器撞上双形卫星，结合图形，D项图形表明中间为地球，较小的那个物体就是小行星，在小行星系统离地球最近的地方，也就是将航天器撞上双形卫星所运行的轨道——new orbit(新的轨道)，original orbit(原始轨道)是一对由163米“月光”小行星组成的无缝小行星的轨道。故选D项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth.”(在撞击前大约10天，一颗名为LiciaCube的小型卫星将与主航天器分离，使撞击图像能够传回地球。)可知LiciaCube的功能是将撞击数据发送回地球。故选A项。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线句子后句“What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets”(你需要的是一整套不同类型目标的重定向方法)和前句“The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables.”(问题是，没有两颗小行星或彗星是一样的，你如何重定向一颗小行星或彗星取决于很多变量。)可知，没有两颗小行星或彗星是一样的，你如何重定向一颗小行星或彗星取决于很多变量，所以对此，解决方案并不是单一的，而是需要一整套不同类型目标的重定向方法，由此可知，划线句子“There is no silver bullet in this game”意义为：这个复杂的问题没有单一的解决方案。故选C项。 E If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, they must be trying to ruin career. When Wi-Fi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in. But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the Wi-Fi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor (汉隆剃刀) comes in — a useful mental model that tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance. Applying Hanlon’s razor, a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension, in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental, and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt, have more empathy and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness. We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance. To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. 41. What is the core concept emphasized by Hanlon’s razor? A. It prioritizes unawareness over evil as causes. B. It assumes evil intentions drive all incidents. C. It claims technical failures are intentional. D. It stresses punishing those who make errors. 42. What does the underlined word “perpetrator” in paragraph 4 mean? A. An issue fixer. B. An error maker. C. A blame sharer. D. A familiar person. 43. Which of the following proverbs best illustrates the application of Hanlon’s razor? A. “A bad workman always blames his tools.” B. “Think no ill where no ill intent appears.” C. “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” D. “Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.” 44. What is the passage most likely to discuss in the following paragraphs? A. Examples of how to teach others to avoid repeating mistakes. B Historical origins of the term “Hanlon’s razor”. C. The impact of family size on workplace relationships. D. Strategies to control anger when facing technical failures. 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了汉隆剃刀理论，强调在解释错误时应优先考虑无知而非恶意。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This is where Hanlon’s razor (汉隆剃刀) comes in — a useful mental model that tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance.(这时，“汉隆剃刀”原则就派上用场了——这是一个很有用的思维模型，它告诉我们，如果某件事可以用无知来充分解释，就不要认为有人是故意做坏事。)”可知，汉隆剃刀的核心概念是强调无知比恶意更可能是导致错误的原因。故选A。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us(我们都过着复杂的生活，事情总是不断出错。当这种情况发生时，常见的反应是责怪离得最近的人，并认定他们心怀恶意。然而，当有人在我们身边搞砸了事情时)”可知，perpetrator是“犯错者，作恶者”，和An error maker意思相近。故选B。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“This is where Hanlon’s razor (汉隆剃刀) comes in — a useful mental model that tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance.(这时，“汉隆剃刀”原则就派上用场了——这是一个很有用的思维模型，它告诉我们，如果某件事可以用无知来充分解释，就不要认为有人是故意做坏事。)”可知，汉隆剃刀强调不要在没有明显恶意的情况下恶意揣测他人。由此可推知，B选项“Think no ill where no ill intent appears.(在没有明显恶意的情况下，不要恶意揣测)”最能体现“汉隆剃刀”的应用。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation.(通常，面对他人给我们带来的麻烦，最好的应对方式是教育他们，而不是排斥他们。这样，我们就能避免同样的情况再次发生。)”可推知，文章接下来可能会讨论如何教育他人避免重复犯错的例子。故选A。 Part IV Vocabulary Section A （0.5’×14） 选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一遍，每组有两个多余选项。 （A） attach, （B） dramatically, （C） end up, （D） frustrated, （E） guarantee, （F） out of the blue, （G） proceed, （H） stroke, （I） turned out 45. If you keep putting off your homework and playing games, you will ______ falling behind your classmates. 46. The task seemed difficult at first but it ______ to be much easier than we expected. 47. We should ______ great importance to listening and speaking when learning English, as they are basic skills. 48. After solving the technical problem, the engineers decided to ______ with the next stage of the project. 49. The company promises to ______ the quality of its products; if there is any defect, it will offer a full refund. 50. With the development of technology, people’s living standards have improved ______ over the past ten years. 51. He felt ______ when he failed the driving test for the third time, but his friend encouraged him to try again. 【答案】45. C 46. I 47. A 48. G 49. E 50. B 51. D 【解析】 【45题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：如果你一直拖延作业还玩游戏，你最终会落后于同班同学。根据“keep putting off your homework and playing games”以及“falling behind your classmates”的逻辑关系，此处指最终会出现的结果，end up为固定短语，后接动名词形式，意为“最终成为；到头来”，will后接动词原形。故选C项。 【46题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：这项任务一开始看起来很难，但结果比我们预料的容易得多。根据“seemed difficult at first”和“much easier than we expected”的转折关系，此处指事情的结果，turned out为固定短语，turn out to be意为“结果是；证明是”，结合seemed的一般过去时，此处也用一般过去时。故选I项。 【47题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：学习英语时我们应该重视听说能力，因为它们是基础技能。根据“great importance to”可知，此处为固定搭配，attach importance to意为“重视”，should后接动词原形。故选A项。 【48题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：解决了技术问题后，工程师们决定继续进行项目的下一阶段。根据“with the next stage of the project”可知，此处指继续开展后续工作，proceed为动词，proceed with意为“继续进行”，decide to后接动词原形。故选G项。 【49题详解】 考查动词。句意：这家公司承诺保证其产品的质量；如果有任何瑕疵，将提供全额退款。根据“if there is any defect, it will offer a full refund”的承诺内容，此处指保证产品质量，guarantee为动词，意为“保证；担保”，promise to后接动词原形。故选E项。 【50题详解】 考查副词。句意：随着科技的发展，过去十年里人们的生活水平得到了显著提高。根据“improved”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词，dramatically为副词，意为“显著地；急剧地”，符合语境。故选B项。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当他第三次驾照考试失败时，他感到很沮丧，但他的朋友鼓励他再试一次。根据“failed the driving test for the third time”可知，此处指内心的感受，frustrated为形容词，意为“沮丧的；懊恼的”，feel后接形容词作表语。故选D项。 选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一遍，每组有两个多余选项。 （A） accustomed to, （B） do me a favour, （C） in a row, （D） in particular, （E） lived up to, （F） on account of, （G） stood up for, （H） taken by surprise, （I） thought highly of 52. He has won the school English competition three times _______, which makes all his classmates admire him a lot. 53. Could you ______ and pass me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can’t reach it. 54. The little girl is ______ seeing her parents go to work early every morning, so she never cries when they leave. 55. The team failed to enter the final ______ the sudden injury of their main player. 56. We were ______ by the sudden rain on our way to the picnic, so we all got a little wet. 57. The manager ______ Mary because she always finished her tasks efficiently and carefully. 58. When Lisa was bullied by her classmates, Tom ______ her, which made Lisa feel warm. 【答案】52. C 53. B 54. A 55. F 56. H 57. I 58. G 【解析】 【52题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：他连续三次赢得学校英语竞赛，这让所有同学都十分钦佩他。根据“three times”及“which makes all his classmates admire him a lot”可知，此处指“连续地”获奖，in a row为固定短语，符合语境。故选C项。 【53题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：你能帮我个忙，把顶层架子上的字典递给我吗？我够不着。根据“pass me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can’t reach it”可知，此处是请求对方帮忙，do me a favour为固定短语，意为“帮我个忙”，情态动词Could后接动词原形。故选B项。 【54题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这个小女孩习惯了看着父母每天早上早早去上班，所以他们离开时她从不哭。根据“so she never cries when they leave”可知，此处指女孩“习惯于”父母早出的情况，accustomed to为固定短语，be accustomed to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。故选A项。 【55题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：由于主力球员突然受伤，这支队伍没能进入决赛。根据“the sudden injury of their main player”可知，此处指队伍失利原因，on account of为固定短语，意为“由于；因为”，符合语境。故选F项。 【56题详解】 考查固定短语和语态。句意：我们在去野餐的路上被突如其来的雨弄得措手不及，所以都被淋湿了一点。根据“by the sudden rain on our way to the picnic”可知，此处指被大雨“惊到；措手不及”，taken by surprise为固定短语，be taken by surprise意为“被弄得措手不及”，符合语境。故选H项。 【57题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：经理对玛丽评价很高，因为她总是高效又认真地完成工作任务。根据“because she always finished her tasks efficiently and carefully”可知，此处指经理“高度评价”玛丽，thought highly of为固定短语，结合从句的一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，符合语境。故选I项。 【58题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：当莉萨被同学欺负时，汤姆站出来维护她，这让莉萨感到很温暖。根据“When Lisa was bullied by her classmates”及“which made Lisa feel warm”可知，此处指汤姆“维护”莉萨，stood up for为固定短语，结合时间状语从句的一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，符合语境。故选G项。 Section B （1’×10） 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次，每组有两个多余选项。 apology, curious, describe, dynamic, extend, regular, surround 59. If you ______ review what you have learned in class, you will find it easier to master the knowledge. 60. The teacher asked us to write a ______ of our favorite festival and hand it in tomorrow. 61. You should ______ to your desk-mate for breaking his pen by mistake. 62. On New Year’s Day, people usually send cards to their relatives and friends to ______ wishes for the coming year. 63. Out of ______, the little boy opened the door quietly to see what was happening inside the room. 【答案】59. regularly 60. description 61. apologize 62. extend 63. curiosity 【解析】 【59题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你经常复习课堂上学到的内容，你就会发现掌握这些知识会变得更容易。由“you will find it easier to master the knowledge”可知，空格处意为“经常”，用副词修饰动词review，是regularly，故填regularly。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：老师让我们写一篇关于自己最喜欢的节日的描述性文章，并于明天交上来。由“our favorite festival”可知，空格处意为“描述”，用名词作宾语，是description，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填description。 【61题详解】 考查动词。句意：你应该向你的同桌道歉，因为他的一支钢笔是由于你的失误而损坏的。由“breaking his pen by mistake”可知，空格处意为“道歉”，是apologize，should是情态动词，空格处用原形，故填apologize。 【62题详解】 考查动词。句意：在新年这一天，人们通常会向亲朋好友寄送贺卡，以表达对来年美好的祝愿。由“wishes for the coming year”可知，空格处意为“表达”，是extend，此处用不定式表目的，空格处用原形，故填extend。 【63题详解】 考查名词。句意：出于好奇，这个小男孩轻轻地打开门，想看看房间里发生了什么。由“the little boy opened the door quietly to see what was happening”可知，空格处意为“好奇”，用名词作宾语，是curiosity，out of curiosity意为“出于好奇”。故填curiosity。 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次，每组有两个多余选项。 appropriate, assign, motivate, occur, occasion, scare, sympathy 64. A serious traffic accident ______ on the highway yesterday because of the heavy fog. 65. The math teacher assigned a difficult ______ today, and most students need extra time to finish it. 66. It’s ______ to speak loudly in the library; we should keep quiet there. 67. The little boy was afraid of the ______ movie, so he covered his eyes during the exciting parts. 68. When she heard about the old man’s sad story, she felt very ______ and decided to offer him some help. 【答案】64. occurred 65. assignment 66. inappropriate 67. scary 68. sympathetic 【解析】 【64题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：昨天由于大雾，高速公路上发生了一起严重的交通事故。根据“A serious traffic accident”和on the highway可知，此处指事故“发生”，occur意为“发生”，结合yesterday可知，句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，occur的过去式为occurred。故填occurred。 【65题详解】 考查名词。句意：数学老师今天布置了一道作业，大多数学生需要额外的时间来完成。根据“The math teacher assigned a difficult”可知，此处指老师布置的“任务”，assign的名词形式为assignment，意为“任务；作业”，空前有a，应用单数形式。故填assignment。 【66题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在图书馆大声说话是不合适的，我们应该在那里保持安静。根据“speak loudly in the library; we should keep quiet there”可知，此处指这种行为是“不合适的”，appropriate的反义词为inappropriate，意为“不合适的；不恰当的”，在句中作表语。故填inappropriate。 【67题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩害怕这部吓人的电影，所以在刺激的情节中他捂住了眼睛。根据“The little boy was afraid of”和movie可知，此处指电影是“吓人的”，scare的形容词形式为scary，意为“吓人的；恐怖的”，修饰名词movie。故填scary。 【68题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当她听到这位老人的悲惨故事时，她感到非常同情，并决定给他一些帮助。根据“heard about the old man’s sad story”和decided to offer him some help可知，此处指她感到“同情的”，sympathy的形容词形式为sympathetic，意为“同情的；有同情心的”，在句中作表语。故填sympathetic。 Part V Writing（20’） 69. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并分享读书收获; 2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。 注意：1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the Sea. Having finished reading, I’ve harvested a lot. The tough man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires me to brave frustrations in my life. And I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what hardships we may encounter. The book unfolds a new world to me. Thus, I make a plan for further reading. English novels enlightening my mind will be included in my reading list. I intend to read one book a month. While reading, I will take down my understanding in time to gain more beyond the lines. I would appreciate it if you could give me more recommendations. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表达感谢并分享读书收获；2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。 【详解】1.词汇积累 完成：finish→complete 激励某人做某事：inspire sb. to do sth.→encourage sb. to do sth. 坚持：stick to→persist in 感谢：appreciate→be grateful 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the Sea. 拓展句：Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel whose name is The Old Man and the Sea. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The tough man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires me to brave frustrations in my life.(运用了who引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] And I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what hardships we may encounter.(运用了that引导宾语从句，no matter what引导让步状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $