Unit 5 Nature核心语法讲义-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 核心语法：过去进行时&when/while从句 一、语法精讲 语法点一：过去进行时（核心考点，贴合天气场景动作描述） 1. 核心概念 过去进行时表示过去某个具体时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作，常用来描述天气变化、自然灾害发生时，人们正在进行的行为，强调动作的持续性和背景性。结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”，was用于主语为单数，were用于主语为复数或第二人称。 例： 1 It was raining heavily when we got home last night.（昨晚我们到家时，正下着大雨）； ② They were planting trees when the strong wind came.（大风来的时候，他们正在种树）。 2. 句型结构与时间状语 句型类型 具体结构 常用时间状语 真题例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他 at 8 last night、this time yesterday、while/when引导的从句、during the storm等 【2025年河南中考】She was watching TV when the thunderstorm started. 否定句 主语+was/were+not+动词-ing+其他 【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】We were not walking outside because of the heavy fog. 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 【2025年浙江杭州中考】Were you listening to the weather report at 7 this morning? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 【2025年山东济南中考模拟】What were you doing when the rain stopped? 3. 关键用法（易错点突破） 主谓一致误区：第三人称单数主语（he/she/it）用was，复数主语（we/they/you）用were，避免出现He were.../They was...的错误。 例：【2025年湖北武汉中考】He was taking photos when the snow began to fall. 与一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表“过去正在进行的持续动作”，一般过去时表“过去发生的短暂动作”，如While she was cooking（持续）, the telephone rang（短暂）.。 动词-ing形式变化：重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写辅音字母再加-ing（如put→putting、sit→sitting）；以e结尾的动词去e再加-ing（如write→writing）。 语法点二：when/while引导的时间状语从句 1. 核心概念 when和while均可引导时间状语从句，表“当……的时候”，常结合过去进行时使用，描述天气变化、自然灾害发生时两个动作的同步关系。when侧重“动作发生的时间点”，while侧重“动作持续的时间段”，两者在特定场景可互换，也有明确使用边界。 例： 1 When the earthquake happened, people were running out of the building.（when表时间点，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时）； ② While the wind was blowing strongly, we stayed at home.（while表时间段，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时）。 2. when与while用法对比 引导词 核心侧重 从句动词类型 真题例句 when 时间点，动作先后或同时发生 短暂性动词或延续性动词 【2025年安徽中考】When the rain stopped, we continued our trip. while 时间段，动作持续同步 仅延续性动词 【2025年湖南长沙中考模拟】While it was snowing, the children were making a snowman. 易错提醒：1. while引导的从句若表持续动作，常用进行时；when引导的从句表短暂动作，常用一般过去时；2. 当主句和从句动作均为持续且同步时，when和while可互换，如While/When we were walking, it began to rain.；3. 不可同时用进行时描述两个短暂动作，如不可说While the bell was ringing, he was opening the door.（铃声和开门均为短暂动作，需换when，且从句用一般过去时）。 二、语法综合练习 （一）单项选择 (1) 【2025年河南中考】—What were you doing when the typhoon came? —I ______ my homework in the study.（ ） A. do B. did C. was doing D. will do (2) 【2025年陕西中考模拟】While my mother ______ dinner, the heavy rain suddenly started.（ ） A. cooks B. cooked C. was cooking D. is cooking (3) 【2025年四川成都中考】When the lightning ______, we were playing on the playground. We ran inside quickly.（ ） A. strike B. struck C. was striking D. strikes (4) 【2025年福建福州中考模拟】—Were you watching the weather forecast at 7 last night? —No, I ______. I was reading a book.（ ） A. wasn't B. weren't C. didn't D. don't (5) 【2025年湖北襄阳中考】While they ______ for the bus, the wind began to blow strongly.（ ） A. wait B. waited C. were waiting D. will wait (6) 【2025年江苏南京中考】He ______ not at home when the flood came. He was working in the office.（ ） A. is B. was C. are D. were (7) 【2025年山东青岛中考模拟】What ______ you ______ when the heavy fog appeared?（ ） A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. will; do (8) 【2025年浙江宁波中考】When I ______ the door, I found it was raining outside.（ ） A. open B. opened C. was opening D. opens (9) 【2025年江西中考】While the snow ______ down, we took a lot of beautiful photos.（ ） A. falls B. fell C. was falling D. is falling (10) 【2025年云南昆明中考模拟】—What was your father doing this time yesterday? —He ______ the car because of the coming storm.（ ） A. cleans B. cleaned C. was cleaning D. will clean （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) 【2025年广东广州中考】It ______ (rain) heavily when we arrived at the station last night. (2) 【2025年甘肃兰州中考】While she ______ (wait) for her friend, the thunder started to rumble. (3) 【2025年山西中考模拟】What ______ you ______ (do) when the earthquake happened? (4) 【2025年贵州贵阳中考】They ______ (not watch) TV at 8 last night. They were preparing for the coming storm. (5) 【2025年海南海口中考模拟】When the wind ______ (blow) strongly, the farmers were picking fruits in the field. (6) 【2025年辽宁沈阳中考】He ______ (put) on his raincoat when the rain began to fall. (7) 【2025年青海西宁中考模拟】While they ______ (plant) vegetables, the sudden rain surprised them. (8) 【2025年湖北武汉中考】—Were you listening to music just now? —Yes, I ______ (be). The music was very soft. (9) 【2025年江苏苏州中考】When she ______ (see) the heavy snow, she decided to stay at home. (10) 【2025年安徽中考模拟】My brother ______ (not do) his homework this time yesterday. He was playing with his friends. （三）补全对话 对话1（场景：谈论暴风雨发生时的经历） 备选词：was doing, were waiting, struck, was cooking, began A: Do you remember the heavy storm last Friday? B: Of course! I ______ dinner in the kitchen when it started. A: What about your parents? B: My father ______ for the bus at the station. He had to run to a nearby shop for shelter. A: I was at home alone. When the lightning ______, I was so scared. B: What ______ you ______ at that moment? A: I was hiding under the bed. Then the wind ______ to blow even more strongly. 对话2（场景：回忆下雪天的往事） 备选词：was snowing, were making, saw, was walking, started A: Look! It's snowing outside. It reminds me of the big snow last year. B: Me too. I ______ home from school when it ______ to snow heavily. A: What did you do then? B: I went to the park with my friends. While we ______ a snowman, my mother called me. A: Did she ask you to go home? B: Yes. She said the road was slippery. When I got home, I ______ that my little sister ______ by the window, watching the snow. （四）按要求改写句子 1. He was reading a book when the rain began.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ he ______ a book when the rain began? —No, he ______. 2. My mother was cooking dinner. The typhoon came.（用while合并句子） ______ my mother ______ dinner, the typhoon came. 3. They were playing football at 4 yesterday afternoon.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：playing football） What ______ they ______ at 4 yesterday afternoon? 4. When the bell rang, she was writing a letter.（用while改写句子，保持句意不变） She was writing a letter ______ the bell ______. 5. He didn't watch TV last night. He was doing his homework.（合并为一句） He was doing his homework ______ watching TV last night. 6. Were you listening to the radio at 7 this morning?（改为肯定句） I ______ ______ to the radio at 7 this morning. 7. The wind blew strongly. We were staying at home.（用when合并句子） When the wind ______ strongly, we ______ staying at home. 8. She was washing clothes when the phone rang.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：when the phone rang） ______ ______ she washing clothes? 9. They were not playing basketball. They were playing volleyball.（合并为一句） They were playing volleyball ______ ______ basketball. 10. When I saw her, she was running for the bus.（改为简单句） I saw her ______ ______ for the bus. 三、答案与详细解析 （一）单项选择 (1) C 解析：问句用过去进行时，答句需呼应，表“台风来的时候正在做作业”，主语I用was doing。【2025河南中考考点：过去进行时用法】 (2) C 解析：while引导从句表持续动作，用过去进行时，主语my mother是单数，用was cooking。【2025陕西模拟考点：while从句与过去进行时】 (3) B 解析：lightning“闪电”是短暂动作，when引导从句用一般过去时，strike的过去式是struck。【2025成都中考考点：when从句与一般过去时】 (4) A 解析：问句用Were you...，否定回答用No, I wasn't.，主谓一致。【2025福州模拟考点：过去进行时一般疑问句回答】 (5) C 解析：while引导从句表“等公交车”的持续动作，用过去进行时，主语they用were waiting。【2025襄阳中考考点：while从句与过去进行时】 (6) B 解析：when引导从句用一般过去时，主句表“当时不在家”，主语he用was。【2025南京中考考点：过去进行时表状态】 (7) C 解析：when引导从句用一般过去时，主句表“大雾出现时正在做什么”，用过去进行时were doing。【2025青岛模拟考点：过去进行时特殊疑问句】 (8) B 解析：“开门”是短暂动作，when引导从句用一般过去时，open的过去式是opened。【2025宁波中考考点：when从句与短暂性动词】 (9) C 解析：while引导从句表“下雪”的持续动作，用过去进行时，主语the snow用was falling。【2025江西中考考点：while从句与过去进行时】 (10) C 解析：this time yesterday提示过去进行时，表“昨天这个时候正在洗车”，主语he用was cleaning。【2025昆明模拟考点：过去进行时时间状语】 （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) was raining 解析：when引导从句用一般过去时，主句表持续动作，用过去进行时，主语it用was raining。【2025广州中考考点：过去进行时与when从句】 (2) was waiting 解析：while引导从句表持续动作，用过去进行时，主语she用was waiting。【2025兰州中考考点：while从句与过去进行时】 (3) were; doing 解析：when引导从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时特殊疑问句，主语you用were doing。【2025山西模拟考点：过去进行时特殊疑问句】 (4) were not watching 解析：at 8 last night提示过去进行时，否定式为were not watching，主语they用were。【2025贵阳中考考点：过去进行时否定句】 (5) blew 解析：when引导从句表短暂动作“刮风”，用一般过去时，blow的过去式是blew。【2025海口模拟考点：when从句与一般过去时】 (6) was putting 解析：when引导从句用一般过去时，主句表“正在穿雨衣”的持续动作，用过去进行时，主语he用was putting。【2025沈阳中考考点：过去进行时与短暂动作呼应】 (7) were planting 解析：while引导从句表“种菜”的持续动作，用过去进行时，主语they用were planting。【2025西宁模拟考点：while从句与过去进行时】 (8) was 解析：问句用Were you...，肯定回答用Yes, I was.，主谓一致。【2025武汉中考考点：过去进行时一般疑问句回答】 (9) saw 解析：when引导从句表“看到雪”的短暂动作，用一般过去时，see的过去式是saw。【2025苏州中考考点：when从句与一般过去时】 (10) was not doing 解析：this time yesterday提示过去进行时，否定式为was not doing，主语my brother用was。【2025安徽模拟考点：过去进行时否定句】 （三）补全对话 对话1 答案：was cooking; was waiting; struck; were; doing; began 解析：第一空while引导从句，表“正在做饭”，用was cooking；第二空表“正在等公交车”，用was waiting；第三空“闪电击中”是短暂动作，用struck；第四、五空过去进行时特殊疑问句，用were; doing；第六空“开始刮风”用began，贴合暴风雨场景动作描述。 对话2 答案：was walking; started; were making; saw; was sitting 解析：第一空while引导从句，表“正在走路回家”，用was walking；第二空“开始下雪”用started；第三空表“正在堆雪人”，用were making；第四空“看到”是短暂动作，用saw；第五空表“正在窗边坐着”，用was sitting，呼应下雪天回忆场景。 （四）按要求改写句子 (1) Was; reading; wasn't 解析：过去进行时一般疑问句，将was提前，否定回答用wasn't。 (2) While; was cooking 解析：while引导从句表持续动作，保留过去进行时was cooking。 (3) were; doing 解析：对动作提问，用过去进行时特殊疑问句，were; doing不变。 (4) while; rang 解析：用while替换when，从句表短暂动作，用一般过去时rang。 (5) instead of 解析：合并为“正在做作业而不是看电视”，用instead of连接。 (6) was listening 解析：改为肯定句，主语I用was listening，保留过去进行时。 (7) blew; were 解析：when引导从句用一般过去时blew，主句用过去进行时were staying。 (8) When was 解析：对时间状语提问，用when引导，过去进行时用was。 (9) instead of playing 解析：合并为“正在打排球而不是篮球”，用instead of playing。 (10) running 解析：改为简单句，用see sb. doing sth.结构，保留running。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $