Unit 3 The world of science （重难词汇精练）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 3 The world of science重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 3 题型四、单句语法填空 4 题型五、单词拼写 9 题型六、完成句子 12 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一、语篇语法填空 13 题型二、应用文写作 14 题型一、词性转换 1. press v．按→________n．压(力)；压强；强制 2．capable adj.有能力的→________n．能力 3．desire n．渴望，欲望→________adj.想望的；可取的 4．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→________n．重要性，意义 5．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→________n．伤；损害 6．accurate adj.精确的→________adv.精确地 7．minor adj.小的→________n．少数 8．________n．起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的 9．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→________adv.精神上；智力上 10．________n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 11．________adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学 12．________adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.全部的，整个的 13．________n．证明，证据→prove v．证明 题型二、核心短语 1．___________________________除此之外，另外 2．___________________________别轻易说决不 3．___________________________代替，而不是 4．___________________________在……方面；就……而言 5．___________________________ of有能力做…… 6．___________________________担任；从事 7．___________________________导致 8．___________________________难以辨认 9．___________________________根据……来命名 10．___________________________除了……之外(还) 题型三、一词多用 lightning 1.A sudden flash of lightning____________ (light) up the night sky during the storm. 2.The company is known for its ____________ (light) fast delivery service. account 1.There are several different ____________ (account) of how the accident happened. 2.I need to check my bank ____________ online. (账户) 3.Poor weather conditions accounted ____________the delay of the flight. (解释，说明) press 1.The editor asked the writer ____________(press) the final button to send the article. (按，压) 2.There was a lot of ____________(press) from the public to change the policy. (压力，敦促) 3.He works for a major national ____________. (新闻界，出版社) 题型四、单句语法填空 1.The public __________ (press) on the government to pass stricter environmental laws has been growing. 2.His __________ (capable) to remain calm in a crisis impressed everyone at the scene. 3. A quiet, private location is considered __________ (desire) for the research facility. 4.The discovery of penicillin was of great __________ (significant) to the field of medicine. 5.The driver escaped the car accident with only minor __________ (injure). 6.The ancient artifact has been __________ (accurate) dated to the 5th century BC by carbon testing. 7.__________ (minor) languages in the region are at risk of disappearing due to cultural assimilation. 8.The __________ (origin) manuscript of the novel is kept under strict security in the museum. 9.The challenge was more __________ (mental) demanding than physically exhausting. 10.The country __________ (declaration) its independence from colonial rule over half a century ago. 11.Without solid evidence, his theory remains __________ (science) speculation. 12.I __________ (entire) agree with your analysis of the current economic situation. 13.The experiment's success __________ (proof) that their hypothesis was correct. 14.__________ addition to his salary, he receives a substantial annual bonus. 15.__________ say never. With enough effort, even the most ambitious dream can be realized. 16.They chose to travel by train __________ flying to reduce their carbon footprint. 17.__________ terms of customer satisfaction, our company consistently ranks at the top. 18.The new engine is capable __________ reaching unprecedented speeds. 19.She currently works __________ a consultant for several international firms. 20. His careless remarks led __________ a serious misunderstanding between the two departments. 21. The factory has a strict standard operating __________ (proceed) to ensure safety and quality. 22. The artist managed to __________ (product) an extraordinary number of paintings in just one year. 23. The __________ (chemistry) is conducting an experiment to synthesize a new compound in the lab. 24. His success is directly __________ (attribute) to his extraordinary perseverance and hard work. 25. The machine is so __________ (flexibility) that it can be bent into various shapes without breaking. 26. The new evidence provided a __________ (prove) of his innocence and led to his release. 27. The __________ (conduct) of heat through this new material is remarkably efficient. 28. After the car accident, he needed several weeks of rest to recover from the __________ (injure). 29. The __________ (origin) plan had to be abandoned due to unexpected budget cuts. 30. Her __________ (brilliance) performance in the finals earned her a gold medal. 31. The theory of natural__________ (select) explains how species evolve over time. 32. This material is not a good __________ (conduct) of electricity, so it's used as an insulator. 33. The __________ (astronomy) used a powerful telescope to observe the newly discovered comet. 34. The historical __________ (account) was based on fictional events rather than facts. 35. We need to adopt a more __________ (science) approach to solve this environmental issue. 36.As a leading __________ (biology) in genetics, her research has had a significant impact. 37. The job requires a high level of technical __________ (capable). 38. The museum is displaying the __________ (origin) copy of the famous historical document. 39. There is currently a lack of __________ (science) evidence to support that claim. 40.This new engine is capable __________powering a small aircraft. 题型五、单词拼写 1. The ancient explosive, __________（火药）, was a groundbreaking Chinese invention. 2. Early explorers relied heavily on the magnetic __________（指南针） for navigation at sea. 3. The new smartphone features a __________（柔韧的） screen that can bend without breaking. 4. The car won’t start because the __________（电池） is completely dead. 5. Modern smartphones are __________（有能力的） of performing tasks that once required a desktop computer. 6. The scientist’s __________（欲望） for knowledge drove him to explore unknown fields. 7. The witness gave an __________（精确的） description of the suspect to the police. 8. The __________（起源） of this ancient custom can be traced back to the 12th century. 9. Protecting endangered __________（物种） is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. 10. She made an __________（非凡的） recovery from a serious illness and returned to work. 11. The young pianist is considered a __________（才华横溢的） musical talent. 12. Marie Curie is famous for her discovery of the radioactive element __________（镭）. 13. Einstein’s __________（理论） of relativity revolutionized our understanding of physics. 14. Stress can have a significant impact on one’s __________（精神的） health. 15. The lawyer will __________（起草） the contract for the new business partnership. 16. The signing of the __________（声明） marked the country’s official independence. 17. Copper is an excellent material to __________（传导） electricity. 18. His argument was __________（完全地） based on assumptions, not facts. 19. Newton’s law of universal __________（引力） explains the attraction between objects. 20. There is no scientific __________（证据） to support the existence of ghosts. 题型六、完成句子 1. 那位化学家正在实验室里忙于一个新实验。 The chemist ___________________________ a new experiment in the lab. 2. 这项发现对我们的研究具有深远的意义。 This discovery ___________________________ for our research. 3. 除了基本工资，员工还能获得绩效奖金。 ___________________________ the basic salary, employees receive performance bonuses. 4. 就长期影响而言，这个决定可能是错误的。 ___________________________ long-term effects, this decision might be a mistake. 5. 这种新材料能够承受极高的温度。 This new material ___________________________ extremely high temperatures. 6. 这种疾病的起源至今仍是个谜。 The ___________________________ this disease remains a mystery to this day. 7. 小溪沿着古老的森林潺潺流淌。 The stream ___________________________ through the ancient forest. 8. 他以记者的身份为那家报社工作了十年。 He ___________________________ a journalist for that newspaper for ten years. 9. 长时间的压力会导致严重的健康问题。 Long-term stress can ___________________________ serious health problems. 10. 毫不夸张地说，她的勇气拯救了许多生命。 ___________________________ that her bravery saved many lives. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高一•河南禹州•月考）Today, life as a teenager has changed greatly. The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless for some, ___1___ difficult for others. There are ___2___ number of challenges to face, decisions to make, and roads to take. Being a teenager means we’re no longer a child but we’re not an adult either. We make great efforts ___3___ (live) up to so many expectations from our friends, family members, and sometimes even our parents’ friends too. Actually, in this stage of life, we’re expected to be responsible ___4___ something yet we’re not allowed to do just as much as adults can. All adults see us as children ___5___ are trying to be someone we can’t be just yet. Many adults expect us to act just as they did, but they don’t understand that we ___6___ (raise) differently. Times have changed compared to 30 years ago ___7___ our parents were teenagers. Back then they ___8___ (have) more time away from phones, computers and TVs. They communicated face to face more. Nowadays we communicate online. The best part of being a teenager is being able to find things at the click of a button. With ___9___ (advance) technology, today’s generation doesn’t struggle as much as they did 30 years ago. The new technology plays an important role in our lives. Teenagers nowadays are much ____10____ (close) than ever. We can easily reach each other with a mobile phone or a computer. 题型二、应用文写作 （2025-2026高一上·四川月考）你校上周五举办了主题为“人人都是科学家”的展览，该展览展示了同学们的科学发明。请你为校报“英语天地”栏目写一份新闻报道，内容包括： 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动内容； 3. 活动意义。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world of science重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 3 题型四、单句语法填空 4 题型五、单词拼写 9 题型六、完成句子 12 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一、语篇语法填空 13 题型二、应用文写作 14 题型一、词性转换 1. press v．按→________n．压(力)；压强；强制 2．capable adj.有能力的→________n．能力 3．desire n．渴望，欲望→________adj.想望的；可取的 4．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→________n．重要性，意义 5．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→________n．伤；损害 6．accurate adj.精确的→________adv.精确地 7．minor adj.小的→________n．少数 8．________n．起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的 9．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→________adv.精神上；智力上 10．________n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 11．________adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学 12．________adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.全部的，整个的 13．________n．证明，证据→prove v．证明 【答案】 1.press v．按→pressure n．压(力)；压强；强制 2．capable adj.有能力的→capability n．能力 3．desire n．渴望，欲望→desirable adj.想望的；可取的 4．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义 5．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤；损害 6．accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地 7．minor adj.小的→minority n．少数 8．origin n．起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的 9．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上 10．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 11．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学 12．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.全部的，整个的 13．proof n．证明，证据→prove v．证明 题型二、核心短语 1．___________________________除此之外，另外 2．___________________________别轻易说决不 3．___________________________代替，而不是 4．___________________________在……方面；就……而言 5．___________________________ of有能力做…… 6．___________________________担任；从事 7．___________________________导致 8．___________________________难以辨认 9．___________________________根据……来命名 10．___________________________除了……之外(还) 【答案】 1．in addition除此之外，另外 2．never say never别轻易说决不 3．instead of代替，而不是 4．in terms of在……方面；就……而言 5．be capable of有能力做…… 6．work as担任；从事 7．lead to导致 8．beyond recognition难以辨认 9．be named after...根据……来命名 10．apart from除了……之外(还) 题型三、一词多用 lightning 1.A sudden flash of lightning____________ (light) up the night sky during the storm. 2.The company is known for its ____________ (light) fast delivery service. account 1.There are several different ____________ (account) of how the accident happened. 2.I need to check my bank ____________ online. (账户) 3.Poor weather conditions accounted ____________the delay of the flight. (解释，说明) press 1.The editor asked the writer ____________(press) the final button to send the article. (按，压) 2.There was a lot of ____________(press) from the public to change the policy. (压力，敦促) 3.He works for a major national ____________. (新闻界，出版社) 【答案】 lightning 1.A sudden flash of lightning lit up the night sky during the storm. 2.The company is known for its lightning fast delivery service. account 1.There are several different accounts of how the accident happened. 2.I need to check my bank account online. 3.Poor weather conditions accounted for the delay of the flight. press 1.The editor asked the writer to press the final button to send the article. (按，压) 2.There was a lot of pressure from the public to change the policy. (压力，敦促) 3.He works for a major national press. (新闻界，出版社) 题型四、单句语法填空 1.The public __________ (press) on the government to pass stricter environmental laws has been growing. 【答案】pressure 【详解】考查名词。句意：公众要求政府通过更严格环境法的压力一直在增加。空格前有定冠词The，空格后是介词短语on the government作后置定语，空格处应填入名词形式。press是动词，其对应的名词形式为pressure（压力），故填pressure。 2.His __________ (capable) to remain calm in a crisis impressed everyone at the scene. 【答案】capability 【详解】考查名词。句意：他在危机中保持冷静的能力给现场的每个人留下了深刻印象。空格前有形容词性物主代词His，空格后是动词不定式to remain calm，此处应填入一个名词作主语的中心词。capable是形容词，其对应的名词形式为capability（能力），故填capability。 3. A quiet, private location is considered __________ (desire) for the research facility. 【答案】desirable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个安静、私密的地点被认为是建研究设施的理想之选。is considered 后应接形容词作主语补足语，构成“主语+谓语+形容词”的结构，描述主语的性质。desire是名词/动词，其对应的形容词形式为desirable（可取的，理想的），故填desirable。 4.The discovery of penicillin was of great __________ (significant) to the field of medicine. 【答案】significance 【详解】考查名词。句意：青霉素的发现对医学领域具有重要意义。介词of后应接名词，great是形容词修饰名词。significant是形容词，其对应的名词形式为significance（重要性），短语be of great significance意为“具有重大意义”，故填significance。 5.The driver escaped the car accident with only minor __________ (injure). 【答案】injuries 【详解】考查名词。句意：司机在车祸中只受了轻伤，幸免于难。空格前有形容词minor（轻微的）修饰，此处应填入名词。injure是动词，其对应的名词形式为injury（伤害）。injury在此处表示“受伤”这一抽象概念或具体伤处，常用复数形式injuries，故填injuries。 6.The ancient artifact has been __________ (accurate) dated to the 5th century BC by carbon testing. 【答案】accurately 【详解】考查副词。句意：通过碳测定法，这件古代文物被精确地断代为公元前5世纪。空格位于助动词has been和过去分词dated之间，应用副词修饰动词date（确定年代）。accurate是形容词，其对应的副词形式为accurately（精确地），故填accurately。 7.__________ (minor) languages in the region are at risk of disappearing due to cultural assimilation. 【答案】Minority 【详解】考查名词作定语。句意：由于文化同化，该地区的少数民族语言正面临消失的风险。空格后是名词languages，此处需要填入一个形容词或名词来修饰它。minor是形容词，其对应的名词形式minority（少数）常用作定语，构成短语minority languages（少数民族语言/少数派语言），故填Minority。 8.The __________ (origin) manuscript of the novel is kept under strict security in the museum. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这部小说的原始手稿被博物馆严格保管。空格后是名词manuscript（手稿），此处需要填入形容词作定语。origin是名词，其对应的形容词形式为original（最初的，原始的），故填original。 9.The challenge was more __________ (mental) demanding than physically exhausting. 【答案】mentally 【详解】考查副词。句意：这项挑战对脑力的要求高于对体力的消耗。空格位于was和形容词demanding之间，应用副词修饰形容词demanding。mental是形容词，其对应的副词形式为mentally（精神上，智力上）。mentally demanding意为“费脑力的”，故填mentally。 10.The country __________ (declaration) its independence from colonial rule over half a century ago. 【答案】declared 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：该国在半个多世纪前宣布脱离殖民统治独立。句子缺少谓语动词，时间状语over half a century ago表明动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。declaration是名词，其对应的动词形式为declare（宣布），过去式为declared，故填declared。 11.Without solid evidence, his theory remains __________ (science) speculation. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：没有确凿的证据，他的理论仍然只是科学的推测。空格后是名词speculation（推测），此处需要填入形容词作定语。science是名词，其对应的形容词形式为scientific（科学的），故填scientific。 12.I __________ (entire) agree with your analysis of the current economic situation. 【答案】entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我完全同意你对当前经济形势的分析。空格位于主语I和谓语动词agree之间，应用副词修饰动词agree。entire是形容词，其对应的副词形式为entirely（完全地），故填entirely。 13.The experiment's success __________ (proof) that their hypothesis was correct. 【答案】proved 【详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：实验的成功证明了他们的假设是正确的。句子缺少谓语动词，根据句意，证明发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语success是单数，谓语动词需用单数形式。proof是名词，其对应的动词形式为prove（证明），过去式为proved，故填proved。 14.__________ addition to his salary, he receives a substantial annual bonus. 【答案】In 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了工资之外，他每年还能拿到一笔可观的奖金。in addition to为固定短语，意为“除……之外（还）”，故填In。 15.__________ say never. With enough effort, even the most ambitious dream can be realized. 【答案】Never 【详解】考查固定谚语。句意：永远不要说不可能。只要付出足够的努力，即使是最雄心勃勃的梦想也能实现。Never say never是固定谚语，意为“永不说不；别轻易说决不”，故填Never。 16.They chose to travel by train __________ flying to reduce their carbon footprint. 【答案】instead of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：为了减少碳足迹，他们选择了乘火车出行，而不是坐飞机。空格前后是两个对等的出行方式by train和flying，需要填入一个表示“代替，而不是”的短语来连接。instead of符合句意，故填instead of。 17.__________ terms of customer satisfaction, our company consistently ranks at the top. 【答案】In 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在客户满意度方面，我们公司一直名列前茅。in terms of为固定短语，意为“在……方面；就……而言”，引导状语，故填In。 18.The new engine is capable __________ reaching unprecedented speeds. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这台新发动机能够达到前所未有的速度。be capable of (doing) sth.为固定搭配，意为“有能力做某事”，故填of。 19.She currently works __________ a consultant for several international firms. 【答案】as 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她目前担任几家跨国公司的顾问。work as...为固定搭配，意为“担任……（职务）；作为……而工作”，故填as。 20. His careless remarks led __________ a serious misunderstanding between the two departments. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他轻率的言论导致两个部门之间产生了严重的误会。lead to为固定搭配，意为“导致，引起”，后接名词或动名词，故填to。 21. The factory has a strict standard operating __________ (proceed) to ensure safety and quality. 【答案】procedure 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家工厂有严格的标准操作程序以确保安全和质量。空格前有形容词短语 standard operating 修饰，应填入一个名词。proceed 是动词（进行），其拼写相近、意义相关的名词 procedure（程序，步骤）符合语境，故填 procedure。 22. The artist managed to __________ (product) an extraordinary number of paintings in just one year. 【答案】produce 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位艺术家在仅仅一年内就创作了数量惊人的画作。空格前是动词 managed to，后应接动词原形。product 是名词（产品），其对应的动词形式为 produce（生产，创作），故填 produce。 23. The __________ (chemistry) is conducting an experiment to synthesize a new compound in the lab. 【答案】chemist 【详解】考查名词。句意：那位化学家正在实验室里进行一项合成新化合物的实验。空格前有定冠词 The，且在句中作主语，应填入一个表示人的名词。chemistry 是学科名词（化学），其对应的表示“化学家”的职业名词为 chemist，故填 chemist。 24. His success is directly __________ (attribute) to his extraordinary perseverance and hard work. 【答案】attributable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的成功直接归因于他非凡的毅力和努力工作。is 后接形容词构成系表结构，directly 修饰该形容词。attribute 是动词（把……归因于），其对应的形容词形式 attributable（可归因于的）与介词 to 搭配，符合句意，故填 attributable。 25. The machine is so __________ (flexibility) that it can be bent into various shapes without breaking. 【答案】flexible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这台机器非常柔韧，可以弯折成各种形状而不断裂。空格前是 is so，构成“so + 形容词 + that...”结构。flexibility 是名词（灵活性），其对应的形容词形式为 flexible（易弯曲的，柔韧的），故填 flexible。 26. The new evidence provided a __________ (prove) of his innocence and led to his release. 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：新证据证明了他的清白，并使他获释。空格前有不定冠词 a，应填入一个可数名词单数或不可数名词。prove 是动词（证明），其对应的名词形式为 proof（证据，证明），作不可数名词，在此处泛指“一个证明”，故填 proof。 27. The __________ (conduct) of heat through this new material is remarkably efficient. 【答案】conduction 【详解】考查名词。句意：热量通过这种新材料的传导效率非常高。空格前有定冠词 The，且在句中作主语，应填入名词。conduct 是动词（传导），其对应的表示“传导（过程）”的名词形式为 conduction，故填 conduction。 28. After the car accident, he needed several weeks of rest to recover from the __________ (injure). 【答案】injuries 【详解】考查名词。句意：车祸后，他需要休息几周才能从伤痛中恢复。空格前有定冠词 the，应填入名词。injure 是动词（使受伤），其对应的名词形式为 injury（伤害，受伤）。此处指具体的伤痛，常用复数形式 injuries，故填 injuries。 29. The __________ (origin) plan had to be abandoned due to unexpected budget cuts. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于意外的预算削减，最初的计划不得不被放弃。空格后是名词 plan，应填入形容词作定语。origin 是名词（起源），其对应的形容词形式 original（最初的，原始的）符合句意，故填 original。 30. Her __________ (brilliance) performance in the finals earned her a gold medal. 【答案】brilliant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在决赛中的出色表现为她赢得了一枚金牌。空格后是名词 performance，应填入形容词作定语。brilliance 是名词（才华），其对应的形容词形式 brilliant（出色的，才华横溢的）符合句意，故填 brilliant。 31. The theory of natural__________ (select) explains how species evolve over time. 【答案】selection 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：自然选择理论解释了物种是如何随时间进化的。natural selection 是固定短语（自然选择），为生物学核心术语，故填 selection。 32. This material is not a good __________ (conduct) of electricity, so it's used as an insulator. 【答案】conductor 【详解】考查名词。句意：这种材料不是电的良导体，因此被用作绝缘体。空格前有 a good 修饰，应填入一个可数名词单数。conduct 是动词，其对应的表示“导体”的名词为 conductor，故填 conductor。 33. The __________ (astronomy) used a powerful telescope to observe the newly discovered comet. 【答案】astronomer 【详解】考查名词。句意：天文学家使用一台强大的望远镜来观测这颗新发现的彗星。空格前有定冠词 The，且在句中作主语，应填入一个表示人的名词。astronomy 是学科名词（天文学），其对应的职业名词为 astronomer（天文学家），故填 astronomer。 34. The historical __________ (account) was based on fictional events rather than facts. 【答案】account 【详解】考查名词。句意：这段历史叙述是基于虚构的事件而非事实。空格前有形容词 historical 修饰，应填入名词。account 本身是名词，意为“描述，叙述”，符合句意，故填 account。 35. We need to adopt a more __________ (science) approach to solve this environmental issue. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们需要采用一种更科学的方法来解决这个环境问题。空格前是 a more，后是名词 approach，应填入形容词构成比较级。science 是名词，其对应的形容词形式为 scientific（科学的），故填 scientific。 36.As a leading __________ (biology) in genetics, her research has had a significant impact. 【答案】biologist 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为遗传学领域的顶尖生物学家，她的研究产生了重大影响。空格前有 a leading 修饰，应填入一个表示人的单数可数名词。biology 是学科名词（生物学），其对应的职业名词为 biologist（生物学家），故填 biologist。本题与之前的天文学家、化学家题目形成系列，考察学科与职业人士名词的转换。 37. The job requires a high level of technical __________ (capable). 【答案】capability 【详解】考查名词。句意：这份工作要求具备高水平的技术能力。空格前有 a high level of technical 修饰，应填入一个不可数或单数名词。括号内给出形容词 capable，其对应的名词形式为 capability（能力），故填 capability。 38. The museum is displaying the __________ (origin) copy of the famous historical document. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆正在展出那份著名历史文献的原件。空格后是名词 copy，应填入形容词作定语。括号内给出名词 origin，其对应的形容词形式为 original（最初的，原始的），故填 original。 39. There is currently a lack of __________ (science) evidence to support that claim. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：目前缺乏支持该主张的科学证据。空格后是名词 evidence，应填入形容词作定语。括号内给出名词 science（科学），其对应的形容词形式为 scientific（科学的），故填 scientific。 40.This new engine is capable __________powering a small aircraft. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这台新引擎能够为一架小型飞机提供动力。根据句意，引擎“有能力”做某事，应填入表示“有能力”的短语。括号内给出形容词 capable，其与 of 构成固定搭配 be capable of (doing) sth.，意为“有能力做某事”，故填 of。 题型五、单词拼写 1. The ancient explosive, __________（火药）, was a groundbreaking Chinese invention. 【答案】gunpowder 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：古老的炸药——火药，是一项突破性的中国发明。根据中文提示“火药”，对应英文名词为 gunpowder，注意组合词拼写。 2. Early explorers relied heavily on the magnetic __________（指南针） for navigation at sea. 【答案】compass 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：早期的探险家们在海上航行时非常依赖磁力指南针。根据中文提示“指南针”，对应英文名词为 compass。 3. The new smartphone features a __________（柔韧的） screen that can bend without breaking. 【答案】flexible 【详解】考查形容词拼写。句意：这款新智能手机配备了一块可以弯曲而不断裂的柔性屏幕。根据中文提示“柔韧的”，对应英文形容词为 flexible。 4. The car won’t start because the __________（电池） is completely dead. 【答案】battery 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：汽车无法启动，因为电池完全没电了。根据中文提示“电池”，对应英文名词为 battery。 5. Modern smartphones are __________（有能力的） of performing tasks that once required a desktop computer. 【答案】capable 【详解】考查形容词拼写。句意：现代智能手机能够执行曾经需要台式电脑才能完成的任务。根据中文提示“有能力的”，对应英文形容词为 capable，注意与 of 搭配。 6. The scientist’s __________（欲望） for knowledge drove him to explore unknown fields. 【答案】desire 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：这位科学家对知识的渴望驱使他探索未知的领域。根据中文提示“欲望”，对应英文名词为 desire。 7. The witness gave an __________（精确的） description of the suspect to the police. 【答案】accurate 【详解】考查形容词拼写。句意：目击者向警方提供了对嫌疑人精确的描述。根据中文提示“精确的”，对应英文形容词为 accurate。 8. The __________（起源） of this ancient custom can be traced back to the 12th century. 【答案】origin 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：这一古老习俗的起源可以追溯到12世纪。根据中文提示“起源”，对应英文名词为 origin。 9. Protecting endangered __________（物种） is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. 【答案】species 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：保护濒危物种对于维持生物多样性至关重要。根据中文提示“物种”，对应英文名词为 species，单复数同形。 10. She made an __________（非凡的） recovery from a serious illness and returned to work. 【答案】extraordinary 【详解】考查形容词拼写。句意：她从一场重病中非凡地康复了，并重返工作岗位。根据中文提示“非凡的”，对应英文形容词为 extraordinary。 11. The young pianist is considered a __________（才华横溢的） musical talent. 【答案】brilliant 【详解】考查形容词拼写。句意：这位年轻的钢琴家被认为是一位才华横溢的音乐天才。根据中文提示“才华横溢的”，对应英文形容词为 brilliant。 12. Marie Curie is famous for her discovery of the radioactive element __________（镭）. 【答案】radium 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：居里夫人因发现放射性元素镭而闻名。根据中文提示“镭”，对应英文名词为 radium。 13. Einstein’s __________（理论） of relativity revolutionized our understanding of physics. 【答案】theory 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：爱因斯坦的相对论彻底改变了我们对物理学的理解。根据中文提示“理论”，对应英文名词为 theory。 14. Stress can have a significant impact on one’s __________（精神的） health. 【答案】mental 【详解】考查形容词拼写。句意：压力会对一个人的精神健康产生重大影响。根据中文提示“精神的”，对应英文形容词为 mental。 15. The lawyer will __________（起草） the contract for the new business partnership. 【答案】draft 【详解】考查动词拼写。句意：律师将为新的商业伙伴关系起草合同。根据中文提示“起草”，对应英文动词为 draft。 16. The signing of the __________（声明） marked the country’s official independence. 【答案】declaration 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：该声明的签署标志着这个国家正式独立。根据中文提示“声明”，对应英文名词为 declaration。 17. Copper is an excellent material to __________（传导） electricity. 【答案】conduct 【详解】考查动词拼写。句意：铜是传导电的优良材料。根据中文提示“传导”，对应英文动词为 conduct。 18. His argument was __________（完全地） based on assumptions, not facts. 【答案】entirely 【详解】考查副词拼写。句意：他的论点完全基于假设，而非事实。根据中文提示“完全地”，对应英文副词为 entirely。 19. Newton’s law of universal __________（引力） explains the attraction between objects. 【答案】gravity 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：牛顿的万有引力定律解释了物体之间的吸引力。根据中文提示“引力”，对应英文名词为 gravity。 20. There is no scientific __________（证据） to support the existence of ghosts. 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词拼写。句意：没有科学证据支持鬼魂的存在。根据中文提示“证据”，对应英文名词为 proof，为不可数名词。 题型六、完成句子 1. 那位化学家正在实验室里忙于一个新实验。 The chemist ___________________________ a new experiment in the lab. 【答案】 is busy with 【解析】 考查固定搭配 be busy with sth.（忙于某事）。句子的主干是“化学家忙于实验”，时态为现在进行时。 2. 这项发现对我们的研究具有深远的意义。 This discovery ___________________________ for our research. 【答案】 is of great significance 【解析】 考查“be of + 抽象名词”结构表示具备某种特性。significant 的名词形式 significance 用在此结构中，of great significance 意为“具有重大意义”。 3. 除了基本工资，员工还能获得绩效奖金。 ___________________________ the basic salary, employees receive performance bonuses. 【答案】 In addition to 【解析】 考查固定短语 in addition to（除……之外，还）。该短语用于句首，引出附加信息。 4. 就长期影响而言，这个决定可能是错误的。 ___________________________ long-term effects, this decision might be a mistake. 【答案】 In terms of 【解析】 考查固定短语 in terms of（在……方面，就……而言）。用于从特定角度讨论问题。 5. 这种新材料能够承受极高的温度。 This new material ___________________________ extremely high temperatures. 【答案】 is capable of withstanding 【解析】 考查短语 be capable of (doing) sth.（能够做某事）。中文的“承受”译为 withstand。 6. 这种疾病的起源至今仍是个谜。 The ___________________________ this disease remains a mystery to this day. 【答案】 origin of 【解析】 考查名词 origin（起源）与 of 所有格的搭配，构成名词短语 the origin of...（……的起源）。 7. 小溪沿着古老的森林潺潺流淌。 The stream ___________________________ through the ancient forest. 【答案】 flows/bubbles 【解析】 考查名词 stream（小溪）作主语时，匹配一个描述小溪流动的动词，如 flow（流淌）或 bubble（发出潺潺声）。需根据句意选择常用动词。 8. 他以记者的身份为那家报社工作了十年。 He ___________________________ a journalist for that newspaper for ten years. 【答案】 worked as 【解析】 考查短语 work as...（担任……职务，作为……而工作）。时态为一般过去时，描述过去的经历。 9. 长时间的压力会导致严重的健康问题。 Long-term stress can ___________________________ serious health problems. 【答案】 lead to 【解析】 考查短语 lead to（导致，引起）。情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 10. 毫不夸张地说，她的勇气拯救了许多生命。 ___________________________ that her bravery saved many lives. 【答案】 It is no exaggeration to say 【解析】 考查 It is no exaggeration to say that...（毫不夸张地说……）的常用句型。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高一•河南禹州•月考）Today, life as a teenager has changed greatly. The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless for some, ___1___ difficult for others. There are ___2___ number of challenges to face, decisions to make, and roads to take. Being a teenager means we’re no longer a child but we’re not an adult either. We make great efforts ___3___ (live) up to so many expectations from our friends, family members, and sometimes even our parents’ friends too. Actually, in this stage of life, we’re expected to be responsible ___4___ something yet we’re not allowed to do just as much as adults can. All adults see us as children ___5___ are trying to be someone we can’t be just yet. Many adults expect us to act just as they did, but they don’t understand that we ___6___ (raise) differently. Times have changed compared to 30 years ago ___7___ our parents were teenagers. Back then they ___8___ (have) more time away from phones, computers and TVs. They communicated face to face more. Nowadays we communicate online. The best part of being a teenager is being able to find things at the click of a button. With ___9___ (advance) technology, today’s generation doesn’t struggle as much as they did 30 years ago. The new technology plays an important role in our lives. Teenagers nowadays are much ____10____ (close) than ever. We can easily reach each other with a mobile phone or a computer. 【答案】1. but 2. a 3. to live 4. for 5. who##that 6. are raised 7. when 8. had 9. advanced 10. closer 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要探讨了青少年成长过程中的挑战和变化，以及现代技术对青少年生活的影响。 1.考查连词。句意：从童年到成年的成长对有些人来说是轻松的，但对其他人来说却很困难。根据句意，有的人童年时很轻松的，但是有些人很困难，此处需要连词but表示转折，故填but。 2.考查冠词。句意：有相当多的挑战需要面对，决策需要做出，道路需要选择。这里考查固定短语a number of，意思是“大量的”，符合题意，故填a。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：我们努力达到朋友、家人甚至父母朋友的期望。这里考查固定短语make efforts to do，表示“努力做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to live。 4.考查介词。句意：在这个人生阶段，我们被期望对某些事情负责，但我们并不像成年人那样被允许做任何事情。这里考查固定短语be responsible for，表示“对……负责”，故填for。 5.考查定语从句。句意：所有成年人把我们看作是试图成为我们还不能成为的人的孩子。此处引导限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词“children”在从句中作主语，指人，可以使用who或者that引导，故填who或者that。 6.考查时态和被动语态。句意：许多成年人期望我们像他们一样行事，但他们不理解我们是被不同（方式）地抚养长大的。孩子是“被抚养长大”，这里需要填入被动语态，根据整个句子，使用一般现在时，主谓一致，故填are raised。 7.考查定语从句。句意：与30年前我们父母是青少年时相比，时代已经变了。这是一个定语从句，先行词是30 years ago，在从句中充当时间状语，应该使用when引导从句，故填when。 8.考查一般过去时。句意：那时，他们有更多的时间远离手机、电脑和电视。根据时间状语“Back then”，这个句子使用一般过去时，故填had。 9.考查形容词。句意：凭借先进的技术，当今这一代人并不像30年前那样挣扎。空后有名词，说明此处需要一个形容词作定语，advance是动词，意思是“进步”，其形容词是advanced，意思是“高级的”，故填advanced。 10.考查比较级。句意：如今的青少年比以往任何时候都更紧密地联系在一起。close在这里是形容词，意思是“亲密的”，空前有much，说明应该将close变成比较级，符合句意，故填closer。 题型二、应用文写作 （2025-2026高一上·四川月考）你校上周五举办了主题为“人人都是科学家”的展览，该展览展示了同学们的科学发明。请你为校报“英语天地”栏目写一份新闻报道，内容包括： 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动内容； 3. 活动意义。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 In order to develop students’ interest in science and technology, an exhibition themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” was successfully held at the school hall last Friday. At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our headmaster. About a hundred inventions created by students were on display, some of which could be operated according to the instructions attached to them. All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it has inspired students’ creativity. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生为主题是“人人都是科学家”的校展览写一篇英文新闻报道，需包括活动的目的、内容和意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 为了：in order to→for the purpose of 培养：develop→cultivate 从……开始：start with→begin with 展览：on display→on show 有意义的：meaningful→significant, purposeful, consequential 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our headmaster. 拓展句：At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech that was delivered by our headmaster. 【点睛】【高分句型1】About a hundred inventions created by students were on display, some of which could be operated according to the instructions attached to them.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句、过去分词短语作置定语） 【高分句型2】All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it has inspired students’ creativity.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $