Unit 3 The world of science 科学世界（话题阅读精练）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 3 The world of science 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、科学精神与方法 怀疑与求证 question accepted ideas 质疑公认的观点 establish the facts / the truth 确立事实／真相 prove by experiments and research 通过实验研究证明 separate fiction from fact 区分虚构与事实 探索与实验 adopt a scientific approach 采用科学方法 conduct an experiment 进行实验 inspire scientific exploration 激发科学探索 test a hypothesis 验证假设 二、发明与创新的动力 问题驱动 recognize a problem 认识到问题 find a solution 寻找解决方案 meet a need 满足需求 address environmental issues 应对环境问题 协作与进步 work as part of a team 作为团队一员工作 make advances in ... 在……取得进展 contribute to discoveries 为发现做出贡献 lead to new inventions 催生新发明 三、故事、叙事与认知 叙事的力量 a well‑known story 广为人知的故事 inspire generations 激励数代人 more interesting than the truth 比真相更有趣 become part of legend 成为传奇的一部分 事实与虚构 be based on evidence 基于证据 lack proof 缺乏证据 be questioned by scientists 受到科学家质疑 turn out to be fiction 结果是虚构的 四、科技与社会发展 领域突破 tech‑based inventions 基于技术的发明 advances in medicine 医学进步 environmental science 环境科学 wearable technology 可穿戴技术 影响与传承 change the world forever 永远改变世界 teach the importance of ... 教导……的重要性 leave a scientific legacy 留下科学遗产 spark curiosity 激发好奇心 时文拓展阅读 Elon Musk and Others Call for Pause on A.I., Citing ‘Profound Risks to Society’ More than 1,000 technology leaders and researchers, including Elon Musk, have urged artificial intelligence labs to pause development of the most advanced systems, warning in an open letter that A.I. tools present “profound risks to society and humanity.” A.I. developers are “locked in an out-of-control race to develop and deploy ever more powerful digital minds that no one — not even their creators — can understand, predict or reliably control,” according to the letter, which the nonprofit Future of Life Institute released on Wednesday. Others who signed the letter include Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple; Andrew Yang, an entrepreneur and a 2020 presidential candidate; and Rachel Bronson, the president of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which sets the Doomsday Clock. “These things are shaping our world,” said Gary Marcus, an entrepreneur and academic who has long complained of flaws in A.I. systems, in an interview. “We have a perfect storm of corporate irresponsibility, widespread adoption, lack of regulation and a huge number of unknowns.” A.I. powers chatbots like ChatGPT, Microsoft’s Bing and Google’s Bard, which can perform humanlike conversations, create essays on an endless variety of topics and perform more complex tasks, like writing computer code. The push to develop more powerful chatbots has led to a race that could determine the next leaders of the tech industry. But these tools have been criticized for getting details wrong and their ability to spread misinformation. The open letter called for a pause in the development of A.I. systems more powerful than GPT-4, the chatbot introduced this month by the research lab OpenAI, which Mr. Musk co-founded. The pause would provide time to introduce “shared safety protocols” for A.I. systems, the letter said. “If such a pause cannot be enacted quickly, governments should step in and institute a moratorium,” it added. Development of powerful A.I. systems should advance “only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and their risks will be manageable,” the letter said. “Humanity can enjoy a flourishing future with A.I.,” the letter said. “Having succeeded in creating powerful A.I. systems, we can now enjoy an ‘A.I. summer’ in which we reap the rewards, engineer these systems for the clear benefit of all and give society a chance to adapt.” For years, many A.I. researchers, academics and tech executives, including Mr. Musk, have worried that A.I. systems could cause even greater harm. Some are part of a vast online community called rationalists or effective altruists who believe that A.I could eventually destroy humanity. The letter was shepherded by the Future of Life Institute, an organization dedicated to researching existential risks to humanity that has long warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence. But it was signed by a wide variety of people from industry and academia. Though some who signed the letter are known for repeatedly expressing concerns that A.I. could destroy humanity, others, including Mr. Marcus, are more concerned about its near-term dangers, including the spread of disinformation and the risk that people will rely on these systems for medical and emotional advice. The letter “shows how many people are deeply worried about what is going on,” said Mr. Marcus, who signed the letter. He believes the letter will be a turning point. “It think it is a really important moment in the history of A.I. — and maybe humanity,” he said. He acknowledged, however, that those who had signed the letter might find it difficult to persuade the wider community of companies and researchers to put a moratorium in place. “The letter is not perfect,” he said. “But the spirit is exactly right.” 【译文欣赏】 超千名科技领袖联署呼吁：暂停开发比GPT-4更先进的人工智能 包括埃隆·马斯克在内的1000多名技术领袖和研究人员敦促人工智能实验室暂停最先进系统的开发，并在一封公开信中警告称，人工智能工具“对社会和人类构成了巨大风险”。 非营利组织生命未来研究所周三发布的这封信称，人工智能开发人员“正处于一场失控的竞赛中，以开发和部署越来越强大的数字思维，而没有人——甚至他们的创造者——能够理解、预测或可靠地控制这些思维”。 签署这封信的其他人包括苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克；Andrew Yang，企业家，2020年总统候选人；以及Rachel Bronson，《原子科学家公报》的主席，该报设定了世界末日时钟。 “这些事情正在塑造我们的世界，”长期抱怨人工智能系统缺陷的企业家和学者加里·马库斯在接受采访时说。“我们面临着一场完美的风暴，包括企业不负责任、广泛采用、缺乏监管和大量未知因素。” 人工智能为ChatGPT、微软的Bing和谷歌的Bard等聊天机器人提供了动力，它们可以进行类似人类的对话，就各种各样的主题撰写文章，并执行更复杂的任务，如编写计算机代码。 开发更强大的聊天机器人的努力导致了一场可能决定科技行业下一任领导者的竞赛。但这些工具因细节错误以及传播错误信息的能力而受到批评。 这封公开信呼吁暂停开发比GPT-4更强大的人工智能系统，GPT-4是马斯克共同创立的研究实验室OpenAI本月推出的聊天机器人。信中表示，暂停将为人工智能系统引入“共享安全协议”提供时间。它补充道：“如果这种暂停不能迅速实施，政府应该介入并实施暂停。”。 信中说，“只有当我们确信它们的效果是积极的，风险是可控的”，强大的人工智能系统的开发才能取得进展。 信中写道：“有了人工智能，人类可以享受繁荣的未来。”。“在成功创建了强大的人工智能系统后，我们现在可以享受一个‘人工智能之夏’，在这个夏天我们可以收获回报，为所有人的明确利益设计这些系统，并给社会一个适应的机会。” 多年来，包括马斯克在内的许多人工智能研究人员、学者和科技高管一直担心人工智能系统可能会造成更大的伤害。一些人是一个名为理性主义者或有效利他主义者的庞大网络社区的一部分，他们认为a.I最终可能毁灭人类。 这封信是由生命未来研究所领导的，该组织致力于研究人类生存风险，长期以来一直警告人工智能的危险。但它是由来自工业界和学术界的各种各样的人签署的。 尽管一些签署这封信的人以反复表达对人工智能可能毁灭人类的担忧而闻名，但包括马库斯在内的其他人更担心人工智能的近期危险，包括虚假信息的传播，以及人们依赖这些系统获得医疗和情感建议的风险。 签署这封信的马库斯说，这封信“表明有多少人对正在发生的事情深感担忧”。他相信这封信将是一个转折点。他说：“它认为这是人工智能历史上一个非常重要的时刻，也许也是人类历史上的一个时刻。”。 然而，他承认，那些签署了这封信的人可能会发现很难说服更广泛的公司和研究人员实施暂停令。“这封信并不完美，”他说。“但精神是正确的。” 【词汇积累】 founder [ˈfaʊndə(r)] n. 创始人 researcher [rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)] n. 研究员 entrepreneur [ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)] n. 企业家 academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] n. 学者 nonprofit organization [nɒnˈprɒfɪt ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn] n. 非营利组织 institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt] n. 研究所 人工智能技术 artificial intelligence [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. 人工智能 chatbot [ˈtʃætbɒt] n. 聊天机器人 digital mind [ˈdɪdʒɪt(ə)l maɪnd] n. 数字思维 system [ˈsɪstəm] n. 系统 protocol [ˈprəʊtəkɒl] n. 协议 code [kəʊd] n. 代码 风险与警告 profound risk [prəˈfaʊnd rɪsk] n. 深远风险 out-of-control race [aʊt əv kənˈtrəʊl reɪs] n. 失控竞赛 misinformation [ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] n. 错误信息 disinformation [dɪsˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] n. 虚假信息 existential risk [ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃ(ə)l rɪsk] n. 生存性风险 doomsday clock [ˈduːmzdeɪ klɒk] n. 末日时钟 行动与政策 pause [pɔːz] n./v. 暂停 moratorium [ˌmɒrəˈtɔːriəm] n. 暂停令 regulation [ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn] n. 监管 safety protocol [ˈseɪfti ˈprəʊtəkɒl] n. 安全协议 government intervention [ˈɡʌvənmənt ˌɪntəˈvenʃn] n. 政府干预 概念与状态 flaw [flɔː] n. 缺陷 irresponsibility [ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti] n. 不负责任 adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn] n. 适应 turning point [ˈtɜːnɪŋ pɔɪnt] n. 转折点 perfect storm [ˈpɜːfɪkt stɔːm] n. 完美风暴（多重危机叠加） 科技发展 development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 开发 deployment [dɪˈplɔɪmənt] n. 部署 adoption [əˈdɒpʃn] n. 采用 advancement [ədˈvɑːnsmənt] n. 进步 competition [ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] n. 竞争 情感与认知 concern [kənˈsɜːn] n./v. 担忧 predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. 预测 control [kənˈtrəʊl] v. 控制 understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v. 理解 reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] adj. 可靠的 【知识拓展】 事件的直接导火索，无疑是 GPT-4 的横空出世及其引发的行业地震。2023年3月，OpenAI 发布的 GPT-4 不再仅仅是一个更聪明的聊天工具，它展现出的深度推理、多模态理解与难以预测的“涌现”能力，让整个科技界切实感受到，一个通用人工智能（AGI）的雏形可能已不再遥远。这仿佛按下了“失控竞赛”的开关：微软迅速将技术接入必应，谷歌仓促推出 Bard 应战，全球巨头和初创公司都卷入了一场关乎未来生存权的狂奔。这封公开信，正是在这种技术突破的震撼与商业竞争的白热化达到一个临界点时发出的紧急刹车信号，其矛头直指“比 GPT-4 更强大”的下一代系统，绝非空穴来风。 而推动这封信形成的深层思想浪潮，则与硅谷近年兴起的 “有效利他主义”运动密切相关。这一思潮尤其关注“长期主义”与“生存性风险”，其核心逻辑是：如果一项技术（如高级AI）存在哪怕极小的可能性导致人类灭绝，那么防止这种风险就应是道德优先项，其重要性超过解决其他任何具体问题。包括马斯克在内的部分签署者，都深受此观点影响。他们担忧的不仅是AI的即时弊端（如制造虚假信息），更是一种哲学性的终极警报——即人类可能创造出一种自己既无法理解也无法控制的超级智能，从而重演人类踩死蚂蚁般无意的悲剧。因此，这封公开信不仅是行业自律的呼吁，更是一场将前沿哲学焦虑推向公共政策讨论的尝试。 【词汇延伸】 rock the world of 震撼……领域 usher in a new era 开启新时代 reshape the landscape 重塑格局 at the heart of 处于核心地位 lie at the core of 构成核心问题 the crux of the matter 问题的关键 pose an existential threat 构成生存威胁 open a Pandora's box 打开潘多拉魔盒 a double-edged sword 双刃剑 gain momentum 获得势头/加速发展 a point of no return 不归点 a slippery slope 滑坡效应（指小错可能导致大祸） sound the alarm 敲响警钟 apply the brakes 刹车/减缓 err on the side of caution 宁求稳妥（谨慎行事） in full swing 全面展开/如火如荼 hang in the balance 悬而未决 a fine line between ……之间的微妙界限 the tip of the iceberg 冰山一角 a wake-up call 警醒 grapple with 努力解决/应对 高考真题链接 (2026·1月浙江卷·阅读理解D篇) Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP – an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines-we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 326 文章主要介绍了电视发明者菲洛・法恩斯沃思的生平、成就及对电视发展的复杂态度。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 337 文章主要介绍了Seatrac系统，一种由希腊发明的太阳能驱动的轻便梯座椅，使轮椅使用者能自行轻松进入海滩游玩。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 312 文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的发展对工作的影响，以及人们应如何适应这一变化以保持在职场中的相关性。 Passage4 语法填空 说明文 185 文章主要介绍了上海一家公司的工程师团队采用新技术（3D记录、钻孔机器人、行走机器人）将石库门建筑平移，待地下工程基础完工后再移回的情况，体现了新技术对古建筑的保护作用。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 285 文章主要介绍了中国大运河的相关情况，包括其长度、历史起源、修建目的、重要技术发明、如今的使用状况，以及其作为人类伟大成就的地位。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 221 介绍了英国、芬兰、德国和瑞典四个欧洲科技生态表现出色的国家，分别阐述它们在科研、数字生活、汽车制造、科技创新等方面的特点，指出科技进步竞争永不止息。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 352 文章主要讲述了作者在抑郁和焦虑期间，因木工课作品被同学称赞而获得自信的经历。 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广州·月考）Philo Farnsworth is not a name most people know. But his work changed the way we learn, the way we live, and even the way we think. Philo Farnsworth is responsible for one of the most important inventions of the 20th century: television. Philo Farnsworth was born in America in 1906. He was interested in science and technology at an early age. When he was 12 years old, he built an electric motor for his family’s washing machine. When he was 14, he was already giving a lot of thought to electrons (电子). As he was driving the family’s horse drawn plowing machine, he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that electrons could scan (扫描) an image one row at a time — an idea that was the key to electronic television. By the time he was 21 years old, Farnsworth had started his own company and managed to build the world’s first electronic television. It was a very simple device. But after years of hard work, Farnsworth was able to introduce the kind of television we now use. Farnsworth was a great inventor, but he lived an unhappy life. He had a legal battle with the company, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) , over who the real inventor of the TV was. He won the case, but the government stopped companies from making TVs during the war, so Farnsworth didn’t make much money from the invention. When Farnsworth was young, he imagined television as a convenient way for distant audiences to enjoy lectures by famous professors, or entertainment by the best symphonies (交响乐) and ballets. When he was older, television became much more popular, but he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV. He even told his own son, “There’s nothing on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household.” 1. What can we learn about Philo Farnsworth? A. He had a strong physical advantage. B. He had strong powers of observation. C. He had a strong interest in journalism. D. He had a strong sense of belonging. 2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the real founder of RCA. B. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the real inventor of the TV. C. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the greatest inventor of his time. D. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the organizer of the battle with RCA. 3. What can we infer about Philo Farnsworth’s attitude towards television from the last paragraph? A. He was proud of television’s rapid development and widespread use. B. He believed television had successfully achieved his initial educational goals. C. He regretted inventing television due to its negative impact on society. D. He was unhappy with the actual content broadcast on television. 4. The author writes this text mainly to _________. A. explain how a scientific idea led to a major invention B. describe the early competition within the television industry C. present a balanced account of an inventor’s life, achievements and influence D. argue that television has failed to fulfill its educational potential Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江·期中）People who have trouble walking often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece now offer a new way for people in wheelchairs to get into the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac. Seatrac is basically a chair on a moving ramp (轻便梯) that can smoothly carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either remain in the chair, enjoying the water or go for a swim. The Seatrac system can also help anyone else who has a hard time walking, including older people and pregnant women. Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Ignatios Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair. The friend said he enjoyed the sea, but didn’t like having to be carried into the ocean as if he were a sack (袋) of potatoes. Mr. Fotiou realized that there must be a way to make it easier for wheelchair users to get into the water. Mr. Fotiou worked with his partner and a professor at a Greek university to design the system. In time, they formed a company called TOBEA to build and sell it. The company worked hard to make the system simple to put in place and easy to run. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar-powered. It doesn’t require outside power and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Seatrac system can easily be packed up and stored when the swimming season ends. This summer, the Seatrac system is being used at over 220 beaches in Greece, Cyprus, Italy and Latvia. TOBEA hopes to offer Seatrac in other countries soon. The Seatrac service in Greece is being offered for free. The Greek government has helped pay for it, with local cities buying and managing the equipment. Greece’s government hopes that Seatrac will help attract more tourists to the country. 1.Who is Seatrac designed for? A. Older people who move freely. B. Youths who like to swim in the sea. C. Women who enjoy beach baths with their children. D. People who have trouble moving around on the beach. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The system. B. Potato. C. Ramp. D. Normal wheelchair. 3. What can we learn about the Seatrac system? A. It’s not easy to operate. B. Users don’t have to worry about charging it. C. People need to have a big cost to use it in Greece. D. It has been available at more than one thousand beaches. 4. Why does the Greek government help pay for the Seatrac service? A. To improve the government’s image. B. To promote the development of tourism. C. To set up an organization for the disabled. D. To support small and medium-sized local companies. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·河北秦皇岛·月考）No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partly exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期), where you can perform really well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that clearly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 1. What may be affected most by AI? A. Managing human resources. B. Reporting taxes. C. Selling new products. D. Making decisions. 2. What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A. We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B. We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C. Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D. Employing Al in life is effortless. 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A. AI’s outlook. B. AI’s development. C. AI’s application. D. AI’s advantage. 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How to get over people’s fears on AI? B. How to explore human emotions AI affects? C. How to exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces? D. How to stay relevant at work at the age of AI? Passage 4 （25-26高一上·海南·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Several years ago, a company in Shanghai was tasked with building an underground shopping center, a parking lot, and subway lines under the Huayanli complex (建筑群). The three brick-and-wood buildings,____1____(build) in the 1920s, are classic examples of Shikumen. ____2____(protect) them, the buildings had to be moved somewhere else. However, none of the usual____3____(method) could work because of their location and weakness. The engineers needed a____4____(create) way. The team began with____5____detailed 3D record of the buildings. Battery-powered drilling robots then worked around the complex’s base, clearing soil to make room for the lifting robots below. Next were 432 small “walking” robots,____6____were put below the buildings carefully. Working together, they moved the buildings forward at very, very low speed — about 9 meters per day.____7____total, the buildings were moved about 48 meters west ____8____46 meters north. Once the team finished the foundation work for the underground structures, it was time to move the buildings back. The whole work____9____(do) within twenty days. After the buildings were____10____(safe) returned, work on the underground project continued. This effort shows clearly how new technology can protect old buildings. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州·月考）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 China’s Grand Canal Stretching over 1: 770 kilometers from Hangzhou to Beijing, China’s Grand Canal holds the title of the world’s oldest and longest canal. The earliest parts of the canal were constructed around 500 BCE, when China was divided into numerous states. ____1____ The potential of connecting these disjointed parts was first realized by the Sui Dynasty in the 6th and 7th centuries CE. ____2____ It was dug to transport grain from China’s agricultural centers in the south to its economic and political centers in the north, above all the capital of Beijing. This new infrastructure (基础设施)enabled additional urban growth, extended the government’s administrative control, and provided a quick and effective method of communicating over large distances. Among various improvements made over the years to increase the canal’s efficiency, the most notable one was the invention of the pound lock in the 10th century by Qiao Weiyue, a skilled Chinese engineer. ____3____ The system consists of a series of gated chambers (闸室)or “steps” where the water level is gradually raised or lowered, lifting ships up or down the incline (斜坡). This clever device continues to be in heavy use over 1,000 years later, as a feature in almost every modern canal or river that has different water levels. Today, only a small southern section of the canal is suitable for modern commercial ships to sail on. ____4____ It is proving its importance yet again as a part of China’s massive South-to-North Water Diversion Project, bringing fresh water to thirsty Beijing. It is rare that a project that has stood for quite a few centuries can remain a relevant and world-famous historical site. ____5____ A. So, what was the canal built for? B. But the rest of the canal is not inactive. C. It allows boats to move between different levels easily. D. Generally speaking, how many locks does each canal have? E. That is why it’s viewed as one of mankind’s great achievements. F. Many of them built their own canals for agricultural and military purposes. G. The government joined the many canals into a new one between Beijing and Hangzhou. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·四川省遂宁·期末）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The UK, Finland, Germany, and Sweden are consistently the top performers in European tech ecosystems. These countries also have the largest economies in Europe. ___1___ Well, let’s find out now. ___2___ Even more amazing? This country is home to many basic scientific principles. The world’s first steam engines, electric motors, the Internet, and the jet engine are all inventions of this country. The UK government and its businesses have been spending billions of dollars on research and development to drive innovation in Biotech. Finland is second in digital life overall, and first in cashless payment. This is because the Internet plays a vital role in Finland’s digital life. High-speed Internet access and freedom of speech make the Finnish ecosystem more sustainable, with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas. ___3___ Since the beginning, Germany’s industry has supported scientific research. German society and economy take pride in their research-development efforts. ___4___ Some popular car brands are from Germany. Sweden is a leader in technological innovation, with remarkable achievements in web development and mobile apps. For years, some large Swedish tech companies dominated the market. ___5___ Some new Swedish companies are now leading the charge. Above are some European countries with the most advanced technological and digital expertise. As we know, the race for technological progress between countries is never over. A. Here comes the truth. B. But the trend has turned today. C. Most residents there can surf the Internet easily. D. This is supported by evidence from global car brands. E. We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare. F. Not all the countries experienced the smooth development. G. The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·安徽·期中）阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was around 14 and in a really bad spot in my life, when I was diagnosed (诊断) with depression and anxiety. I had no close friends, which ___1___ me quite lonely. I lived in Sweden and we had woodworking ___2___ at school. I spent so much time and put so much ___3___ into a project we were working on. Once it was done we could bring it home with us. Usually I would feel extremely ___4___ with others seeing what I’ve put effort into so I would hide it in my backpack, but this time my ___5___ was too big so I had to carry it by hand. I was ___6___ that someone would see it, so I tried my best to ___7___ it with my body. But when I was ___8___ my jacket I heard another student behind me talking to her friend about how ___9___ my work was. Her words impressed me a lot and that was the first time I’ve felt ___10___ in a positive way. I felt ___11___ in a way I’d never felt before. It greatly boosted my ___12___, so I decided not to hide my work anymore in front of my classmates. Ever since then I’ve never had issues ___13___ people my art or things I’ve created. It of course didn’t cure my ___14___ or anything but it made me feel good and learn that I was worth something. Her ___15___ words still bring a smile to my face to this day. 1. A. encouraged B. left C. provided D. brought 2. A. classes B. promises C. performances D. chances 3. A. hope B. worry C. effort D. judgment 4. A. doubtful B. troublesome C. confident D. uncomfortable 5. A. work B. design C. machine D. height 6. A. proud B. reserved C. interested D. scared 7. A. store B. hide C. treat D. throw 8. A. putting on B. setting off C. taking over D. giving off 9. A. ugly B. rare C. cool D. formal 10. A. heard B. seen C. taken D. worried 11. A. nervous B. certain C. proud D. embarrassed 12. A. reality B. image C. sense D. confidence 13. A. showing B. proving C. informing D. meeting 14. A. ambition B. anxiety C. passion D. challenge 15. A. emotional B. subjective C. positive D. negative 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world of science 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、科学精神与方法 怀疑与求证 question accepted ideas 质疑公认的观点 establish the facts / the truth 确立事实／真相 prove by experiments and research 通过实验研究证明 separate fiction from fact 区分虚构与事实 探索与实验 adopt a scientific approach 采用科学方法 conduct an experiment 进行实验 inspire scientific exploration 激发科学探索 test a hypothesis 验证假设 二、发明与创新的动力 问题驱动 recognize a problem 认识到问题 find a solution 寻找解决方案 meet a need 满足需求 address environmental issues 应对环境问题 协作与进步 work as part of a team 作为团队一员工作 make advances in ... 在……取得进展 contribute to discoveries 为发现做出贡献 lead to new inventions 催生新发明 三、故事、叙事与认知 叙事的力量 a well‑known story 广为人知的故事 inspire generations 激励数代人 more interesting than the truth 比真相更有趣 become part of legend 成为传奇的一部分 事实与虚构 be based on evidence 基于证据 lack proof 缺乏证据 be questioned by scientists 受到科学家质疑 turn out to be fiction 结果是虚构的 四、科技与社会发展 领域突破 tech‑based inventions 基于技术的发明 advances in medicine 医学进步 environmental science 环境科学 wearable technology 可穿戴技术 影响与传承 change the world forever 永远改变世界 teach the importance of ... 教导……的重要性 leave a scientific legacy 留下科学遗产 spark curiosity 激发好奇心 时文拓展阅读 Elon Musk and Others Call for Pause on A.I., Citing ‘Profound Risks to Society’ More than 1,000 technology leaders and researchers, including Elon Musk, have urged artificial intelligence labs to pause development of the most advanced systems, warning in an open letter that A.I. tools present “profound risks to society and humanity.” A.I. developers are “locked in an out-of-control race to develop and deploy ever more powerful digital minds that no one — not even their creators — can understand, predict or reliably control,” according to the letter, which the nonprofit Future of Life Institute released on Wednesday. Others who signed the letter include Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple; Andrew Yang, an entrepreneur and a 2020 presidential candidate; and Rachel Bronson, the president of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which sets the Doomsday Clock. “These things are shaping our world,” said Gary Marcus, an entrepreneur and academic who has long complained of flaws in A.I. systems, in an interview. “We have a perfect storm of corporate irresponsibility, widespread adoption, lack of regulation and a huge number of unknowns.” A.I. powers chatbots like ChatGPT, Microsoft’s Bing and Google’s Bard, which can perform humanlike conversations, create essays on an endless variety of topics and perform more complex tasks, like writing computer code. The push to develop more powerful chatbots has led to a race that could determine the next leaders of the tech industry. But these tools have been criticized for getting details wrong and their ability to spread misinformation. The open letter called for a pause in the development of A.I. systems more powerful than GPT-4, the chatbot introduced this month by the research lab OpenAI, which Mr. Musk co-founded. The pause would provide time to introduce “shared safety protocols” for A.I. systems, the letter said. “If such a pause cannot be enacted quickly, governments should step in and institute a moratorium,” it added. Development of powerful A.I. systems should advance “only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and their risks will be manageable,” the letter said. “Humanity can enjoy a flourishing future with A.I.,” the letter said. “Having succeeded in creating powerful A.I. systems, we can now enjoy an ‘A.I. summer’ in which we reap the rewards, engineer these systems for the clear benefit of all and give society a chance to adapt.” For years, many A.I. researchers, academics and tech executives, including Mr. Musk, have worried that A.I. systems could cause even greater harm. Some are part of a vast online community called rationalists or effective altruists who believe that A.I could eventually destroy humanity. The letter was shepherded by the Future of Life Institute, an organization dedicated to researching existential risks to humanity that has long warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence. But it was signed by a wide variety of people from industry and academia. Though some who signed the letter are known for repeatedly expressing concerns that A.I. could destroy humanity, others, including Mr. Marcus, are more concerned about its near-term dangers, including the spread of disinformation and the risk that people will rely on these systems for medical and emotional advice. The letter “shows how many people are deeply worried about what is going on,” said Mr. Marcus, who signed the letter. He believes the letter will be a turning point. “It think it is a really important moment in the history of A.I. — and maybe humanity,” he said. He acknowledged, however, that those who had signed the letter might find it difficult to persuade the wider community of companies and researchers to put a moratorium in place. “The letter is not perfect,” he said. “But the spirit is exactly right.” 【译文欣赏】 超千名科技领袖联署呼吁：暂停开发比GPT-4更先进的人工智能 包括埃隆·马斯克在内的1000多名技术领袖和研究人员敦促人工智能实验室暂停最先进系统的开发，并在一封公开信中警告称，人工智能工具“对社会和人类构成了巨大风险”。 非营利组织生命未来研究所周三发布的这封信称，人工智能开发人员“正处于一场失控的竞赛中，以开发和部署越来越强大的数字思维，而没有人——甚至他们的创造者——能够理解、预测或可靠地控制这些思维”。 签署这封信的其他人包括苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克；Andrew Yang，企业家，2020年总统候选人；以及Rachel Bronson，《原子科学家公报》的主席，该报设定了世界末日时钟。 “这些事情正在塑造我们的世界，”长期抱怨人工智能系统缺陷的企业家和学者加里·马库斯在接受采访时说。“我们面临着一场完美的风暴，包括企业不负责任、广泛采用、缺乏监管和大量未知因素。” 人工智能为ChatGPT、微软的Bing和谷歌的Bard等聊天机器人提供了动力，它们可以进行类似人类的对话，就各种各样的主题撰写文章，并执行更复杂的任务，如编写计算机代码。 开发更强大的聊天机器人的努力导致了一场可能决定科技行业下一任领导者的竞赛。但这些工具因细节错误以及传播错误信息的能力而受到批评。 这封公开信呼吁暂停开发比GPT-4更强大的人工智能系统，GPT-4是马斯克共同创立的研究实验室OpenAI本月推出的聊天机器人。信中表示，暂停将为人工智能系统引入“共享安全协议”提供时间。它补充道：“如果这种暂停不能迅速实施，政府应该介入并实施暂停。”。 信中说，“只有当我们确信它们的效果是积极的，风险是可控的”，强大的人工智能系统的开发才能取得进展。 信中写道：“有了人工智能，人类可以享受繁荣的未来。”。“在成功创建了强大的人工智能系统后，我们现在可以享受一个‘人工智能之夏’，在这个夏天我们可以收获回报，为所有人的明确利益设计这些系统，并给社会一个适应的机会。” 多年来，包括马斯克在内的许多人工智能研究人员、学者和科技高管一直担心人工智能系统可能会造成更大的伤害。一些人是一个名为理性主义者或有效利他主义者的庞大网络社区的一部分，他们认为a.I最终可能毁灭人类。 这封信是由生命未来研究所领导的，该组织致力于研究人类生存风险，长期以来一直警告人工智能的危险。但它是由来自工业界和学术界的各种各样的人签署的。 尽管一些签署这封信的人以反复表达对人工智能可能毁灭人类的担忧而闻名，但包括马库斯在内的其他人更担心人工智能的近期危险，包括虚假信息的传播，以及人们依赖这些系统获得医疗和情感建议的风险。 签署这封信的马库斯说，这封信“表明有多少人对正在发生的事情深感担忧”。他相信这封信将是一个转折点。他说：“它认为这是人工智能历史上一个非常重要的时刻，也许也是人类历史上的一个时刻。”。 然而，他承认，那些签署了这封信的人可能会发现很难说服更广泛的公司和研究人员实施暂停令。“这封信并不完美，”他说。“但精神是正确的。” 【词汇积累】 founder [ˈfaʊndə(r)] n. 创始人 researcher [rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)] n. 研究员 entrepreneur [ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)] n. 企业家 academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] n. 学者 nonprofit organization [nɒnˈprɒfɪt ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn] n. 非营利组织 institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt] n. 研究所 人工智能技术 artificial intelligence [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. 人工智能 chatbot [ˈtʃætbɒt] n. 聊天机器人 digital mind [ˈdɪdʒɪt(ə)l maɪnd] n. 数字思维 system [ˈsɪstəm] n. 系统 protocol [ˈprəʊtəkɒl] n. 协议 code [kəʊd] n. 代码 风险与警告 profound risk [prəˈfaʊnd rɪsk] n. 深远风险 out-of-control race [aʊt əv kənˈtrəʊl reɪs] n. 失控竞赛 misinformation [ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] n. 错误信息 disinformation [dɪsˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] n. 虚假信息 existential risk [ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃ(ə)l rɪsk] n. 生存性风险 doomsday clock [ˈduːmzdeɪ klɒk] n. 末日时钟 行动与政策 pause [pɔːz] n./v. 暂停 moratorium [ˌmɒrəˈtɔːriəm] n. 暂停令 regulation [ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn] n. 监管 safety protocol [ˈseɪfti ˈprəʊtəkɒl] n. 安全协议 government intervention [ˈɡʌvənmənt ˌɪntəˈvenʃn] n. 政府干预 概念与状态 flaw [flɔː] n. 缺陷 irresponsibility [ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti] n. 不负责任 adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn] n. 适应 turning point [ˈtɜːnɪŋ pɔɪnt] n. 转折点 perfect storm [ˈpɜːfɪkt stɔːm] n. 完美风暴（多重危机叠加） 科技发展 development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 开发 deployment [dɪˈplɔɪmənt] n. 部署 adoption [əˈdɒpʃn] n. 采用 advancement [ədˈvɑːnsmənt] n. 进步 competition [ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] n. 竞争 情感与认知 concern [kənˈsɜːn] n./v. 担忧 predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. 预测 control [kənˈtrəʊl] v. 控制 understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v. 理解 reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] adj. 可靠的 【知识拓展】 事件的直接导火索，无疑是 GPT-4 的横空出世及其引发的行业地震。2023年3月，OpenAI 发布的 GPT-4 不再仅仅是一个更聪明的聊天工具，它展现出的深度推理、多模态理解与难以预测的“涌现”能力，让整个科技界切实感受到，一个通用人工智能（AGI）的雏形可能已不再遥远。这仿佛按下了“失控竞赛”的开关：微软迅速将技术接入必应，谷歌仓促推出 Bard 应战，全球巨头和初创公司都卷入了一场关乎未来生存权的狂奔。这封公开信，正是在这种技术突破的震撼与商业竞争的白热化达到一个临界点时发出的紧急刹车信号，其矛头直指“比 GPT-4 更强大”的下一代系统，绝非空穴来风。 而推动这封信形成的深层思想浪潮，则与硅谷近年兴起的 “有效利他主义”运动密切相关。这一思潮尤其关注“长期主义”与“生存性风险”，其核心逻辑是：如果一项技术（如高级AI）存在哪怕极小的可能性导致人类灭绝，那么防止这种风险就应是道德优先项，其重要性超过解决其他任何具体问题。包括马斯克在内的部分签署者，都深受此观点影响。他们担忧的不仅是AI的即时弊端（如制造虚假信息），更是一种哲学性的终极警报——即人类可能创造出一种自己既无法理解也无法控制的超级智能，从而重演人类踩死蚂蚁般无意的悲剧。因此，这封公开信不仅是行业自律的呼吁，更是一场将前沿哲学焦虑推向公共政策讨论的尝试。 【词汇延伸】 rock the world of 震撼……领域 usher in a new era 开启新时代 reshape the landscape 重塑格局 at the heart of 处于核心地位 lie at the core of 构成核心问题 the crux of the matter 问题的关键 pose an existential threat 构成生存威胁 open a Pandora's box 打开潘多拉魔盒 a double-edged sword 双刃剑 gain momentum 获得势头/加速发展 a point of no return 不归点 a slippery slope 滑坡效应（指小错可能导致大祸） sound the alarm 敲响警钟 apply the brakes 刹车/减缓 err on the side of caution 宁求稳妥（谨慎行事） in full swing 全面展开/如火如荼 hang in the balance 悬而未决 a fine line between ……之间的微妙界限 the tip of the iceberg 冰山一角 a wake-up call 警醒 grapple with 努力解决/应对 高考真题链接 (2026·1月浙江卷·阅读理解D篇) Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP – an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines-we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34.C 35.C 【解析】 主题：萨尔克研究所的科学家利用AI工具SLEAP优化植物根系，以增强其固碳能力，应对气候变化。 32. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段，科学家们旨在通过增强植物根系来利用其吸收二氧化碳的自然能力，优化目标是为了增加碳储存量并延长储存时间。因此，他们的核心目标是让更多的碳固定在植物中。A项 (Keeping more carbon in plants) 正确。B项 (Optimizing the use of energy) 在文中未提及。C项 (Enhancing biological diversity) 并非本文所述研究的直接目的。D项 (Reducing carbon absorption) 与文意相反，他们是要增加吸收和固存。故选A。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.”可知，SLEAP软件最初是为跟踪实验室动物的运动而设计的。B项 (To conduct research on animals) 正确。A项 (To generate plant images) 和D项 (To track features of root growth) 是SLEAP后续被应用到植物研究中的用途，并非其最初创建目的。C项 (To study climate patterns) 在文中未提及。故选B。 34. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段，SLEAP的应用能帮助科学家建立根系表型目录，并追踪这些物理特征以找到与之相关的基因，从而确定哪些基因对植物设计最有益。因此，SLEAP将帮助科学家识别出能产生理想植物根系的基因。C项 (Identify genes for desirable plant roots) 正确。A项 (Pick out diseased plants in the forest) 和D项 (Preserve the genes of endangered plants) 在文中均未提及。B项 (Collect samples of plant root systems) 是物理行为，而SLEAP是用于图像分析和数据处理的技术工具，并非直接用于收集样本。故选C。 35. 推理判断题。文章最后一段引用了佩雷拉的话，他强调合作不仅仅是“借用”不同学科，而是真正将其“置于平等地位”，以创造出“大于部分之和”的成果。这强调了学科间的深度交叉融合能催生出更大的创造力与影响力。C项 (Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity) 准确地概括了这一推断。A项 (Academic disciplines are of equal importance) 过于宽泛且绝对，他的话强调的是在具体合作中各学科被平等对待和融合，并非泛论所有学科重要性相等。B项 (Computer programming is a must for scientists) 属于过度推断，文中未提及。D项 (Cooperation outweighs competition in research) 中的“合作优于竞争”并非他话语的核心焦点。故选C。 1. This optimization aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. 抓标志：不定式短语 to increase... and extend...（作目的状语）；过去分词 stored（作后置定语，修饰 carbon）；连接词 and（连接两个并列的不定式动词短语 increase 和 extend）。 判类型：主句：This optimization aims（这种优化旨在）。to increase... and extend... 是不定式短语作 aims 的目的状语。and 连接两个平行的不定式核心动词 increase 与 extend，共同构成目的。 试翻译：这种优化旨在增加碳的储存量，并延长其储存时间。 2. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. 抓标志：过去分词短语 Created by...（作状语）；不定式短语 to track...（作目的状语）。 判类型：主句：SLEAP was initially designed。Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira 是过去分词短语作原因或伴随状语。to track animal movement in the lab 是不定式短语作 was designed 的目的状语。 试翻译：由索尔克研究员塔尔莫·佩雷拉创建的SLEAP，最初是为追踪实验室中的动物运动而设计。 3. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 抓标志：介词短语 In a study...（作状语）；过去分词短语 published in...（作后置定语，修饰 study）；介词短语 for using...（作后置定语，修饰 procedure）；不定式短语 to analyze...（作目的状语，修饰 using）；破折号 —（引出解释说明性内容）；连接词 and（连接多个并列的名词短语和从句）。 判类型：主句：Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure。In a study published in Plant Phenomics 是介词短语作地点状语，其中 published... 是过去分词短语修饰 study。破折号后的 how deep..., how massive..., and other physical qualities 是同位语。 试翻译：在一项发表于《植物表型组学》的研究中，布希和佩雷拉建立了一种使用SLEAP分析植物根表型（即它们生长的深度和宽度、根系变得多么庞大以及其他物理特性）的新流程。 4. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. 抓标志：动名词短语 tracking...（作主语）；连接词 as well as（连接并列宾语）；从属连词 whether（引导宾语从句）。 判类型：主句：tracking... characteristics helps scientists find genes...主语是动名词短语 tracking these physical root system characteristics。谓语动词 helps 后接宾语 scientists 和省略了 to 的不定式短语 find genes... 作宾语补足语。as well as 连接两个并列成分，共同作 find 的宾语。 试翻译：此外，追踪这些根系物理特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，以及弄清楚多个根特征是由相同基因决定的还是各自独立决定的。 1.carbon removal 碳清除 2.fighting climate change 应对气候变化 3.enhancing their root systems 增强它们的根系 4.increase the amount of carbon stored 增加碳储存量 5.extend the duration of its storage 延长其储存时间 6.design climate-saving plants 设计拯救气候的植物 7.a research tool called SLEAP 一个名为SLEAP的研究工具 8.an AI software 一款人工智能软件 9.track animal movement 追踪动物运动 10.apply SLEAP to plants 将SLEAP应用于植物 11.analyze plant root phenotypes 分析植物根表型 12.required a lot of labor 需要大量人力 13.slowed the scientific process 拖慢了科学进程 14.establish the most extensive catalog 建立最广泛的目录 15.find genes associated with those characteristics 找到与那些特征相关的基因 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 326 文章主要介绍了电视发明者菲洛・法恩斯沃思的生平、成就及对电视发展的复杂态度。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 337 文章主要介绍了Seatrac系统，一种由希腊发明的太阳能驱动的轻便梯座椅，使轮椅使用者能自行轻松进入海滩游玩。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 312 文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的发展对工作的影响，以及人们应如何适应这一变化以保持在职场中的相关性。 Passage4 语法填空 说明文 185 文章主要介绍了上海一家公司的工程师团队采用新技术（3D记录、钻孔机器人、行走机器人）将石库门建筑平移，待地下工程基础完工后再移回的情况，体现了新技术对古建筑的保护作用。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 285 文章主要介绍了中国大运河的相关情况，包括其长度、历史起源、修建目的、重要技术发明、如今的使用状况，以及其作为人类伟大成就的地位。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 221 介绍了英国、芬兰、德国和瑞典四个欧洲科技生态表现出色的国家，分别阐述它们在科研、数字生活、汽车制造、科技创新等方面的特点，指出科技进步竞争永不止息。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 352 文章主要讲述了作者在抑郁和焦虑期间，因木工课作品被同学称赞而获得自信的经历。 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广州·月考）Philo Farnsworth is not a name most people know. But his work changed the way we learn, the way we live, and even the way we think. Philo Farnsworth is responsible for one of the most important inventions of the 20th century: television. Philo Farnsworth was born in America in 1906. He was interested in science and technology at an early age. When he was 12 years old, he built an electric motor for his family’s washing machine. When he was 14, he was already giving a lot of thought to electrons (电子). As he was driving the family’s horse drawn plowing machine, he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that electrons could scan (扫描) an image one row at a time — an idea that was the key to electronic television. By the time he was 21 years old, Farnsworth had started his own company and managed to build the world’s first electronic television. It was a very simple device. But after years of hard work, Farnsworth was able to introduce the kind of television we now use. Farnsworth was a great inventor, but he lived an unhappy life. He had a legal battle with the company, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) , over who the real inventor of the TV was. He won the case, but the government stopped companies from making TVs during the war, so Farnsworth didn’t make much money from the invention. When Farnsworth was young, he imagined television as a convenient way for distant audiences to enjoy lectures by famous professors, or entertainment by the best symphonies (交响乐) and ballets. When he was older, television became much more popular, but he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV. He even told his own son, “There’s nothing on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household.” 1. What can we learn about Philo Farnsworth? A. He had a strong physical advantage. B. He had strong powers of observation. C. He had a strong interest in journalism. D. He had a strong sense of belonging. 2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the real founder of RCA. B. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the real inventor of the TV. C. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the greatest inventor of his time. D. Farnsworth was legally recognized as the organizer of the battle with RCA. 3. What can we infer about Philo Farnsworth’s attitude towards television from the last paragraph? A. He was proud of television’s rapid development and widespread use. B. He believed television had successfully achieved his initial educational goals. C. He regretted inventing television due to its negative impact on society. D. He was unhappy with the actual content broadcast on television. 4. The author writes this text mainly to _________. A. explain how a scientific idea led to a major invention B. describe the early competition within the television industry C. present a balanced account of an inventor’s life, achievements and influence D. argue that television has failed to fulfill its educational potential 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了电视发明者菲洛・法恩斯沃思的生平、成就及对电视发展的复杂态度。 1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As he was driving the family’s horse drawn plowing machine, he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that electrons could scan an image one row at a time — an idea that was the key to electronic television.(当他驾驶家里的马拉犁地机时，他注意到土豆田排列均匀的田垄。这一景象让他想到电子可以一行一行地扫描图像 —— 这个想法是电子电视的关键)”可知，法恩斯沃思从生活场景中获得发明灵感。由此推知，他有极强的观察力。故选B项。 2.词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“He had a legal battle with the company, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) , over who the real inventor of the TV was. He won the case (他就谁是电视的真正发明者与美国无线电公司（RCA）打起了官司。他打赢了这场官司)”可知，这场官司的核心是电视发明者的归属权，他胜诉意味着法律上认可他是电视的真正发明者。因此He won the case.的意思是“法恩斯沃思被法律承认为电视的真正发明者。”故选B项。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When he was older, television became much more popular, but he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV. He even told his own son, “There’s nothing on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household.”(长大后，电视变得越来越受欢迎，但他对电视上那些无聊的节目感到非常失望。他甚至对自己的儿子说：“电视上没有什么值得看的东西，我们家不看电视。”)”可知，法恩斯沃思对电视上实际播放的内容感到不满。故选D项。 4.推理判断题。通读全文，文章依次介绍了法恩斯沃思的发明灵感来源、发明成果、相关官司遭遇，以及他对电视发展的态度，整体是在客观呈现这位发明者的生平、成就与影响。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江·期中）People who have trouble walking often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece now offer a new way for people in wheelchairs to get into the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac. Seatrac is basically a chair on a moving ramp (轻便梯) that can smoothly carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either remain in the chair, enjoying the water or go for a swim. The Seatrac system can also help anyone else who has a hard time walking, including older people and pregnant women. Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Ignatios Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair. The friend said he enjoyed the sea, but didn’t like having to be carried into the ocean as if he were a sack (袋) of potatoes. Mr. Fotiou realized that there must be a way to make it easier for wheelchair users to get into the water. Mr. Fotiou worked with his partner and a professor at a Greek university to design the system. In time, they formed a company called TOBEA to build and sell it. The company worked hard to make the system simple to put in place and easy to run. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar-powered. It doesn’t require outside power and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Seatrac system can easily be packed up and stored when the swimming season ends. This summer, the Seatrac system is being used at over 220 beaches in Greece, Cyprus, Italy and Latvia. TOBEA hopes to offer Seatrac in other countries soon. The Seatrac service in Greece is being offered for free. The Greek government has helped pay for it, with local cities buying and managing the equipment. Greece’s government hopes that Seatrac will help attract more tourists to the country. 1.Who is Seatrac designed for? A. Older people who move freely. B. Youths who like to swim in the sea. C. Women who enjoy beach baths with their children. D. People who have trouble moving around on the beach. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The system. B. Potato. C. Ramp. D. Normal wheelchair. 3. What can we learn about the Seatrac system? A. It’s not easy to operate. B. Users don’t have to worry about charging it. C. People need to have a big cost to use it in Greece. D. It has been available at more than one thousand beaches. 4. Why does the Greek government help pay for the Seatrac service? A. To improve the government’s image. B. To promote the development of tourism. C. To set up an organization for the disabled. D. To support small and medium-sized local companies. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Seatrac系统，一种由希腊发明的太阳能驱动的轻便梯座椅，使轮椅使用者能自行轻松进入海滩游玩。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“People who have trouble walking often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece now offer a new way for people in wheelchairs to get into the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac.(走路有困难的人通常很难享受海滩。但希腊数百个海滩现在为坐轮椅的人自己下水提供了一种新方式。它叫做Seatrac。)”可知，希腊在数百个海滩为行动不便的人提供了自动操作的轮椅入水坡道系统 Seatrac。故选D项。 2.词义猜测题。根据上文的“Mr. Fotiou worked with his partner and a professor at a Greek university to design the system.(福蒂欧和他的搭档以及希腊一所大学的教授一起设计了这个系统。)”可知，Mr. Fotiou和他的搭档以及一所大学的教授设计了这个系统，划线代词it指的是上文中提到的同一个事物，所以此处指代的应是the system。故选A项。 3.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The system is solar-powered. It doesn’t require outside power and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out.(该系统是太阳能驱动的。它不需要外部电源，即使停电也能继续运行。)”可知，这个系统是太阳能驱动的，所以使用者不用担心它的充电问题。故选B项。 4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The Greek government has helped pay for it, with local cities buying and managing the equipment. Greece’s government hopes that Seatrac will help attract more tourists to the country.(希腊政府帮助支付了这笔费用，由当地城市购买和管理设备。希腊政府希望Seatrac能帮助吸引更多游客。)”可知，希腊政府为这个轮椅系统买单，是希望Seatrac能帮助吸引更多游客，由此可知，希腊政府要帮助支付Seatrac的服务费用是想促进旅游经济的发展。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·河北秦皇岛·月考）No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partly exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期), where you can perform really well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that clearly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 1. What may be affected most by AI? A. Managing human resources. B. Reporting taxes. C. Selling new products. D. Making decisions. 2. What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A. We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B. We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C. Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D. Employing Al in life is effortless. 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A. AI’s outlook. B. AI’s development. C. AI’s application. D. AI’s advantage. 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How to get over people’s fears on AI? B. How to explore human emotions AI affects? C. How to exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces? D. How to stay relevant at work at the age of AI? 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的发展对工作的影响，以及人们应如何适应这一变化以保持在职场中的相关性。 1.细节理解题。根据第三段“Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns.(Joc Apfelbaum在他的课程中教授如何使用人工智能，他说，最危险的工作是那些使用人工智能可以更快、更便宜地完成的过程，比如制造产品或申报税款)”可知，申报税款这类工作最有可能受到人工智能的影响。故选B项。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns.(Joc Apfelbaum在他的课程中教授如何使用人工智能，他说，最危险的工作是那些使用人工智能可以更快、更便宜地完成的过程，比如制造产品或申报税款)”可知，Apfelbaum认为最受影响的是那些可以被人工智能更快更便宜地完成的工作，但并没有说人工智能会完全取代所有工作；根据第四段中“Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. ‘We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.’(创始人兼教育家Shannan Monson表示，前景并没有那么糟糕。“洗碗机发明后，我们并没有停止洗碗。我们只是洗得更快、更容易，而且省力。”)”可知，Monson认为前景并没有那么糟糕，人工智能不会完全代替人类工作。由此可推知，Apfelbaum和Monson都认为我们不必过分高估人工智能的影响。故选B项。 3.词句猜测题。根据指代关系和划线词所在句“As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage.(随着人工智能的发展，它的应用可能不像我们想象的那么快。但那些迅速精通它的人更有优势)”可知，指示代词it指代的是前文提到的“its application”，即“人工智能的应用”。故选C项。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant?(无论你对此有何感想。人工智能已经来了。那么，哪些类型的工作最危险?保持与时俱进的最佳方式是什么?)”和最后一段“Experts agree that clearly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. ‘Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader’ Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity.(专家们一致认为，显然，人类的技能将仍然是最有价值的。人类在这方面具有独特的资格，人与人之间的工作将是最难取代的。Monson说：“专注于培养你作为团队成员和团队领导的技能。”Apfelbaum认为，这不仅仅是重新技能的问题，而是人们需要克服恐惧，接受真实的自己，这样他们才能展现出所有的创造力，因为人工智能没有激情和真正的人类创造力)”可知，文章主要讲述了在人工智能时代，人们应如何保持在职场中与时俱进。故D项“How to stay relevant at work at the age of AI?(在人工智能时代，如何在工作中与时俱进？)”是文章内容的概括，最适合作文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·海南·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Several years ago, a company in Shanghai was tasked with building an underground shopping center, a parking lot, and subway lines under the Huayanli complex (建筑群). The three brick-and-wood buildings,____1____(build) in the 1920s, are classic examples of Shikumen. ____2____(protect) them, the buildings had to be moved somewhere else. However, none of the usual____3____(method) could work because of their location and weakness. The engineers needed a____4____(create) way. The team began with____5____detailed 3D record of the buildings. Battery-powered drilling robots then worked around the complex’s base, clearing soil to make room for the lifting robots below. Next were 432 small “walking” robots,____6____were put below the buildings carefully. Working together, they moved the buildings forward at very, very low speed — about 9 meters per day.____7____total, the buildings were moved about 48 meters west ____8____46 meters north. Once the team finished the foundation work for the underground structures, it was time to move the buildings back. The whole work____9____(do) within twenty days. After the buildings were____10____(safe) returned, work on the underground project continued. This effort shows clearly how new technology can protect old buildings. 【答案】1. built 2. To protect 3. methods 4. creative 5. a 6. which 7. In 8. and 9. was done 10. safely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海一家公司的工程师团队采用新技术（3D记录、钻孔机器人、行走机器人）将石库门建筑平移，待地下工程基础完工后再移回的情况，体现了新技术对古建筑的保护作用。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意：这三座建于20世纪20年代的砖木结构建筑，是石库门建筑的经典代表。“The three brick-and-wood buildings”是句子主语，与动词“build”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，且“建造”的动作发生在20世纪20年代，为过去的时间，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填built。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护这些建筑，它们必须被移到其他地方。根据下文“the buildings had to be moved somewhere else”可知，这一动作的目的是“保护这些石库门建筑”，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填To protect。 3.考查名词。句意：然而，由于这些建筑的位置和结构脆弱性，常规的方法都不适用。“none of + 可数名词复数”是固定用法，表示“……中没有一个”，出处应用method的复数形式methods。故填methods。 4.考查词性转换。句意：工程师们需要一种有创意的方法。此处为形容词作定语修饰way，create的形容词形式creative“具有创造性的”符合题意。故填creative。 5.考查冠词。句意：团队首先对这些建筑进行了详细的3D记录。record是可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指，detailed的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 6.考查定语从句。句意：接下来是432个小型“行走”机器人，它们被小心地放置在建筑下方。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是432 small ‘walking’ robots，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7.考查介词。句意：总的来说，这些建筑向西移动了约48米，向北移动了46米。in total为固定短语，表示“总共，合计”，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填In。 8.考查连词。句意：总的来说，这些建筑向西移动了约48米，向北移动了46米。“48 meters west”与“46 meters north”是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 9. 考查谓语动词。句意：整个工作在20天内完成了。 主语The whole work为不可数名词，与动词do之间为被动关系，且此句描述的是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was done。 10.考查词性转换。句意：这些建筑被安全归位后，地下工程的施工继续进行。空格后为动词“returned”，需用副词修饰；safe的副词形式safely“安全地”符合题意。故填safely。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州·月考）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 China’s Grand Canal Stretching over 1: 770 kilometers from Hangzhou to Beijing, China’s Grand Canal holds the title of the world’s oldest and longest canal. The earliest parts of the canal were constructed around 500 BCE, when China was divided into numerous states. ____1____ The potential of connecting these disjointed parts was first realized by the Sui Dynasty in the 6th and 7th centuries CE. ____2____ It was dug to transport grain from China’s agricultural centers in the south to its economic and political centers in the north, above all the capital of Beijing. This new infrastructure (基础设施)enabled additional urban growth, extended the government’s administrative control, and provided a quick and effective method of communicating over large distances. Among various improvements made over the years to increase the canal’s efficiency, the most notable one was the invention of the pound lock in the 10th century by Qiao Weiyue, a skilled Chinese engineer. ____3____ The system consists of a series of gated chambers (闸室)or “steps” where the water level is gradually raised or lowered, lifting ships up or down the incline (斜坡). This clever device continues to be in heavy use over 1,000 years later, as a feature in almost every modern canal or river that has different water levels. Today, only a small southern section of the canal is suitable for modern commercial ships to sail on. ____4____ It is proving its importance yet again as a part of China’s massive South-to-North Water Diversion Project, bringing fresh water to thirsty Beijing. It is rare that a project that has stood for quite a few centuries can remain a relevant and world-famous historical site. ____5____ A. So, what was the canal built for? B. But the rest of the canal is not inactive. C. It allows boats to move between different levels easily. D. Generally speaking, how many locks does each canal have? E. That is why it’s viewed as one of mankind’s great achievements. F. Many of them built their own canals for agricultural and military purposes. G. The government joined the many canals into a new one between Beijing and Hangzhou. 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国大运河的相关情况，包括其长度、历史起源、修建目的、重要技术发明、如今的使用状况，以及其作为人类伟大成就的地位。 1.上文“The earliest parts of the canal were constructed around 500 BCE, when China was divided into numerous states.(大运河最早的部分建于公元前500年左右，当时中国分裂为许多诸侯国)”说明公元前500年左右中国处于分裂状态，且已有大运河的早期部分，可推测当时各诸侯国可能会有各自的运河建设行为。F项“其中许多诸侯国为了农业和军事目的修建了自己的运河。”说明当时各诸侯国的运河建设行为，与“大运河最早部分”的起源形成呼应，逻辑连贯。故选F。 2.下文“It was dug to transport grain from China’s agricultural centers in the south to its economic and political centers in the north, above all the capital of Beijing.(修建它是为了将粮食从中国南方的农业中心运往北方的经济和政治中心，尤其是首都北京)”明确阐述了大运河的修建目的，因此空格处应是提出“运河修建目的 这一问题，A项“那么，这条运河是为了什么而修建的？”以设问形式引出下文对运河修建目的的具体说明，设问逻辑清晰，能自然引出下文。故选A。 3.上文“Among various improvements made over the years to increase the canal’s efficiency, the most notable one was the invention of the pound lock in the 10th century by Qiao Weiyue, a skilled Chinese engineer.(在多年来为提高运河效率所做的各种改进中，最值得注意的是10世纪由技艺精湛的中国工程师乔维岳发明的船闸)”引出“船闸”这一发明，下文应进一步说明船闸的功能或作用。C项“它能让船只轻松在不同水位间通行。”中的 “它” 指代上文的 “船闸”，具体解释了船闸“帮助船只在不同水位通行”的功能。故选C。 4.上文“Today, only a small southern section of the canal is suitable for modern commercial ships to sail on.(如今，运河只有南部一小段适合现代商船航行)”强调仅南部小段适航，通过only可推测下文会转折说明运河其他部分的情况，避免形成运河大部分无用的误解。B项“但运河的其他部分并非闲置。”以but开头，形成转折，承接上文“仅南部小段适航”，说明运河其他部分仍有用途，且与下文“作为南水北调工程一部分输水至北京的用途说明相呼应，逻辑通顺。故选B。 5.上文“It is rare that a project that has stood for quite a few centuries can remain a relevant and world-famous historical site.(一个历经数百年的工程，仍能保持重要性并成为世界著名历史遗迹，这是罕见的)”强调大运河的罕见价值，空格处应总结这一价值，说明其因此获得的地位或评价。E项“这就是为什么它被视为人类的伟大成就之一。”作为文章结尾，升华主题，符合逻辑。故选E。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·四川省遂宁·期末）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The UK, Finland, Germany, and Sweden are consistently the top performers in European tech ecosystems. These countries also have the largest economies in Europe. ___1___ Well, let’s find out now. ___2___ Even more amazing? This country is home to many basic scientific principles. The world’s first steam engines, electric motors, the Internet, and the jet engine are all inventions of this country. The UK government and its businesses have been spending billions of dollars on research and development to drive innovation in Biotech. Finland is second in digital life overall, and first in cashless payment. This is because the Internet plays a vital role in Finland’s digital life. High-speed Internet access and freedom of speech make the Finnish ecosystem more sustainable, with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas. ___3___ Since the beginning, Germany’s industry has supported scientific research. German society and economy take pride in their research-development efforts. ___4___ Some popular car brands are from Germany. Sweden is a leader in technological innovation, with remarkable achievements in web development and mobile apps. For years, some large Swedish tech companies dominated the market. ___5___ Some new Swedish companies are now leading the charge. Above are some European countries with the most advanced technological and digital expertise. As we know, the race for technological progress between countries is never over. A. Here comes the truth. B. But the trend has turned today. C. Most residents there can surf the Internet easily. D. This is supported by evidence from global car brands. E. We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare. F. Not all the countries experienced the smooth development. G. The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world. 【答案】1. E 2. G 3. C 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国、芬兰、德国和瑞典四个欧洲科技生态表现出色的国家，分别阐述它们在科研、数字生活、汽车制造、科技创新等方面的特点，指出科技进步竞争永不止息。 1.上文提到“The UK, Finland, Germany, and Sweden are consistently the top performers in European tech ecosystems. These countries also have the largest economies in Europe.(英国、芬兰、德国和瑞典一直是欧洲科技生态系统的佼佼者。这些国家也拥有欧洲最大的经济体)”，这里描述了这些国家在科技和经济方面的领先地位。E选项“We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare.(我们想看看欧洲的科技国家之间如何比较)”直接引出了下文对这些国家科技发展情况的进一步探讨和比较，符合题意。故选E。 2.下文提到“Even more amazing? This country is home to many basic scientific principles. The world’s first steam engines, electric motors, the Internet, and the jet engine are all inventions of this country.(更令人惊讶的是？这个国家是许多基本科学原理的发源地。世界上第一台蒸汽机、电动机、互联网和喷气发动机都是这个国家的发明)”，这里通过列举一系列重大发明来强调这个国家的科技实力。G选项“The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world.(大英帝国曾经是世界上最发达的国家)”引出了下文要讨论的国家——英国，并为其科技实力的强大做了铺垫，符合题意。故选G。 3.上文提到“High-speed Internet access and freedom of speech make the Finnish ecosystem more sustainable, with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas.(高速互联网接入和言论自由使芬兰的生态系统更加可持续，偏远地区也有良好的互联网接入和移动覆盖)”，这里强调了芬兰在互联网接入方面的优势。C选项“Most residents there can surf the Internet easily.(那里的大多数居民都可以轻松上网)”进一步具体说明了芬兰居民上网的便利性，与上文紧密相连，符合题意。故选C。 4.上文提到“Since the beginning, Germany’s industry has supported scientific research. German society and economy take pride in their research-development efforts.(从一开始，德国的工业就支持科学研究。德国社会和经济为其研发努力感到自豪)”，这里强调了德国在科研方面的投入和重视。D选项“This is supported by evidence from global car brands.(这得到了全球汽车品牌的证据支持)”通过提及全球汽车品牌来进一步证明德国在科研和工业方面的实力，与上文紧密相连，且为下文提到德国汽车品牌做了铺垫，符合题意。故选D。 5.上文提到“For years, some large Swedish tech companies dominated the market.(多年来，一些大型瑞典科技公司主导了市场)”，这里描述了瑞典科技公司在市场上的主导地位。B选项“But the trend has turned today.(但今天的趋势已经发生了变化)”引出了下文要讨论的新情况，即一些新的瑞典公司正在引领潮流，与上文形成了转折关系，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·安徽·期中）阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was around 14 and in a really bad spot in my life, when I was diagnosed (诊断) with depression and anxiety. I had no close friends, which ___1___ me quite lonely. I lived in Sweden and we had woodworking ___2___ at school. I spent so much time and put so much ___3___ into a project we were working on. Once it was done we could bring it home with us. Usually I would feel extremely ___4___ with others seeing what I’ve put effort into so I would hide it in my backpack, but this time my ___5___ was too big so I had to carry it by hand. I was ___6___ that someone would see it, so I tried my best to ___7___ it with my body. But when I was ___8___ my jacket I heard another student behind me talking to her friend about how ___9___ my work was. Her words impressed me a lot and that was the first time I’ve felt ___10___ in a positive way. I felt ___11___ in a way I’d never felt before. It greatly boosted my ___12___, so I decided not to hide my work anymore in front of my classmates. Ever since then I’ve never had issues ___13___ people my art or things I’ve created. It of course didn’t cure my ___14___ or anything but it made me feel good and learn that I was worth something. Her ___15___ words still bring a smile to my face to this day. 1. A. encouraged B. left C. provided D. brought 2. A. classes B. promises C. performances D. chances 3. A. hope B. worry C. effort D. judgment 4. A. doubtful B. troublesome C. confident D. uncomfortable 5. A. work B. design C. machine D. height 6. A. proud B. reserved C. interested D. scared 7. A. store B. hide C. treat D. throw 8. A. putting on B. setting off C. taking over D. giving off 9. A. ugly B. rare C. cool D. formal 10. A. heard B. seen C. taken D. worried 11. A. nervous B. certain C. proud D. embarrassed 12. A. reality B. image C. sense D. confidence 13. A. showing B. proving C. informing D. meeting 14. A. ambition B. anxiety C. passion D. challenge 15. A. emotional B. subjective C. positive D. negative 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在抑郁和焦虑期间，因木工课作品被同学称赞而获得自信的经历。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有亲密的朋友，这让我很孤独。A. encouraged鼓励；B. left使处于（某种状态）；C. provided提供；D. brought带来。根据前文“had no close friends”与 后文“quite lonely”可知，“没有朋友” 让作者 “处于孤独的状态”，“left”在此处符合“使某人处于某状态”的语义，此处指没有朋友让作者处于孤独的状态。故选B项。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我住在瑞典，学校有木工课。A. classes课程；B. promises承诺；C. performances表演；D. chances机会。根据前文“woodworking”和后文“at school”可知，此处指学校开设的木工课程。故选A项。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我花了很多时间和努力在我们正在做的项目上。A. hope希望；B. worry担心；C. effort努力；D. judgment判断。根据前文“spent so much time”及后文“what I’ve put effort into”的呼应可知，此处指投入了大量“努力”，“put effort into”为固定搭配，意为“为……付出努力”。故选C项。 4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，当别人看到我付出努力的作品时，我会感到非常不舒服，所以我会把它藏在背包里。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. troublesome麻烦的；C. confident自信的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。根据后文“hide it in my backpack”可知，作者因不愿被看到作品而感到不舒服。故选D项。 5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这次我的作品太大了，所以我不得不用手拿着。A. work作品；B. design设计；C. machine机器；D. height高度。根据前文“a project we were working on”及后文“talking to her friend about how 9 my work was”的呼应可知，此处指木工课上完成的“作品”。故选A项。 6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我害怕有人会看到它，所以我尽力用身体遮住它。A. proud骄傲；B. reserved保守的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. scared害怕的。根据上文提到作者不想别人看到自己的作品可知，作者担心作品被看到。故选D项。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我害怕有人会看到它，所以我尽力用身体遮住它。A. store储存；B. hide隐藏；C. treat对待；D. throw扔。根据后文“with my body”及前文“someone would see it”的担忧可知，作者想用身体“遮挡”作品，避免被人看到，“hide”在此处体现“通过遮挡实现隐藏”的语义。故选B项。 8.考查动词短语辨析。句意：但当我穿外套时，我听到身后有个同学和她朋友说我的作品有多酷。A. putting on穿上；B. setting off出发；C. taking over接管；D. giving off发出（光、热等）。根据后文“my jacket”可知，此处指穿外套的动作。故选A项。 9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我穿外套时，我听到身后有个同学和她朋友说我的作品有多酷。A. ugly丑陋的；B. rare稀有的；C. cool酷的；D. formal正式的。根据后文“Her words impressed me a lot”可知，同学的评价是积极的，“cool”符合语境。故选C项。 10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话给我留下了深刻的印象，那是我第一次以积极的方式感到被看见。A. heard听到；B. seen看见，认可；C. taken拿走；D. worried担心。根据前文“I heard another student behind me talking to her friend about how __9__my work was.”可知，这是作者首次得到他人正面的“认可”，“seen”在此处引申为“被关注、被认可”，体现他人对作者创作价值的肯定。故选B项。 11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种前所未有的骄傲感。A. nervous紧张的；B. certain确定的；C. proud骄傲的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“greatly boosted”可知，作者因被称赞而产生积极的情感，“骄傲”符合语境。故选C项。 12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这极大地增强了我的自信心，所以我决定不再在同学面前隐藏我的作品。A. reality现实；B. image图像；C. sense感觉；D. confidence自信。根据后文“not to hide my work anymore”可知，同学的认可让作者变得更自信，“boosted confidence”为固定搭配，意为“提升自信心”，符合语境。故选D项。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我再也不担心向人们展示我的艺术作品或我创作的东西了。A. showing展示；B. proving证明；C. informing通知；D. meeting遇见。根据前文“decided not to hide my work anymore”可知，作者开始愿意“展示”自己的创作。故选A项。 14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这当然没有治愈我的焦虑或其他什么，但它让我感觉很好，让我知道自己有价值。A. ambition雄心；B. anxiety焦虑；C. passion热情；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“diagnosed with depression and anxiety”可知，此处指未治愈焦虑。故选B项。 15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她积极的话语至今仍让我面带微笑。A. emotional情感的；B. subjective主观的；C. positive积极的；D. negative消极的。根据前文“in a positive way”可知，同学的话语是积极的。故选C项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $