PART Ⅰ 专题2 第2讲 技法3 逻辑线索-【金版教程】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺方案课件PPT

WELCOME UNIT PART　Ⅰ　阅读篇 专题二　阅读（七选五） 第二讲　解题必杀技 技法三　逻辑线索 技法 目录 CONTENTS 1 外刊题组精练 2 技法 技法 1　总分关系 [真题指路]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”． 38(Another__way__to__hide__a__message__is__to__use__symbols__to__stand__for__specific__letters__of__the__alphabet.) ... A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39(With__a__code__book,__you__might__ write__down__words__ that__would__stand__for__other__words.) ... 技法 A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 技法 解析：前文提到密码设置有三种方法。设空处所在段落后两段分别提到了密码设置的第二种和第三种方法，设空处应讲述密码设置的第一种方法。后文举例证明“人们往往会利用一些单词的首字母来作为密码”，由此可知，E项(你可以拼写每个单词的首字母来隐藏信息。)为密码设置的第一个方法，与前文构成总分关系。故选E。 答案：E 技法 2　转折关系 [真题指路1]　(2025·浙江高考1月) •Don't use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. __38__ However, they're hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. A．Be patient. B．Get the audience involved. C．The best messages are often simple. 技法 D．Speak directly to what matters to them. E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G．As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say. 解析：后文出现转折词“However”，提示设空处与后文存在语义转折。G项中“already know(早已知道)”与后文“for the first time (第一次)”形成鲜明对比，通过“However”衔接构成转折关系。故选G。 答案：G 技法 [真题指路2]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) In addition, I have an old two­volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. __39__ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. 技法 E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 解析：根据后文的“However”可知，设空处和后文内容存在转折关系。A项中“don't often use (不常使用)”与后文“nothing better (效果极佳)”构成转折关系。故选A。 答案：A 技法 [真题指路3]　(2023·北京高考) __39__ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high­quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation­building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 技法 解析：根据设空后的“Nevertheless”可知，设空处与后文内容存在转折关系。后文指出高质量教学目前变化不大。E项(近期，大学层面提高教学质量的举措已然涌现。)与后文形成转折关系，说明尽管现状未变，但已开始有改进的方向。故选E。 答案：E 技法 3　并列关系 [真题指路]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). __38__. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. A．Know why you garden B．Find a good place for your own garden C．It's our experience of the garden that matters D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers 技法 E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 解析：前文以“Some people ... Others ...”的并列结构列举人们对园艺的不同看法。E项中“Still others”与前文“Some people ... Others ...”构成“some ... others ... still others ...”的并列关系，从同一角度补充人们选择园艺的另一原因。故选E。 答案：E 技法 4　因果关系 [真题指路1]　(2025·全国二卷) •You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. __38__ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. 技法 D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before. G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 解析：后文通过介绍华盛顿大学的研究(55岁及以上志愿者记忆力更好、健康维持得更久)呈现“结果”。E项(对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处。)阐述“原因”，与后文构成因果关系。故选E。 答案：E 技法 [真题指路2]　(2023·浙江高考1月) Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. __39__ Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. A．Train trips aren't for impatient types. B．You'll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That's particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner. 技法 解析：前文提到“大多数火车一天只开一趟，有些甚至一周只开三趟，错过可能是个大灾难”，明确“错过火车”这一原因。E项(你可能要等24小时以上才能赶下一趟火车。)承接前文，说明结果。E项与前文中的“so missing yours can be a disaster”构成因果关系。故选E。 答案：E 技法 5　递进关系 [真题指路1]　(2023·全国甲卷) •Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. __37__. “Showing thankfulness can foster self－control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable 技法 D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience 解析：根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits ... more optimistic.”可知，感恩有很多好处，它让我们更快乐、压力更小、甚至更乐观。E项(它还可以帮助我们培养更多的耐心)与上文形成递进关系，进一步说明上文观点。故选E。 答案：E 技法 [真题指路2]　(2017·北京高考) Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. __71__ A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. 技法 F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 解析：上文说明如果不让实验鼠睡觉，它们会在一个月内死亡；C项(同样，当人们几天不睡觉时，他们就会生病。)与上文形成递进关系，进一步说明每一种动物都需要睡觉。故选C。 答案：C 技法 6　例证关系 [真题指路1]　(2023·浙江高考1月) Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. __38__ In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. A．Train trips aren't for impatient types. B．You'll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That's particularly true during busy summer months. 技法 E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner. 解析：C项说明火车车厢里的温度很难控制；下文据此举例说明尤其在夏天，空调会让车厢里相当冷。故选C。 答案：C 技法 [真题指路2]　(2017·北京高考) Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73(“Sleep__is__the__price__we__pay__ for__learning，”__says__Giulio__Tononi,__who__ developed__the__idea.) Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. __74__ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. 技法 A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 技法 解析：上文说明现在我们有最直接的证据证明Tononi (托诺尼)的观点是对的；G项(Tononi的团队测量了12只老鼠大脑中这些连接或突触的大小。)对上文观点进行举例说明。故选G。 答案：G 技法 7　对比关系 [典题导航]　(2025·云南省高考全真模拟联考高三下期中) The first exercise is discovering strengths. Children should be exposed to a variety of new things and creative activities so they can discover their strengths and interests. 37(Notice__what__they__like.) Bring them to the library to research their new interests. Help them to understand that not everyone has the same strengths and that it is okay. __38__ A．Notice what they like. B．Engage in open communication. C．Try your best and then just be satisfied. 技法 D．Be patient with your child in this process. E．Focus on the positive aspects of your child. F．Help them realize that wanting to share is totally normal. G．By contrast, avoid focusing only on weaknesses—this hinders confidence. 解析：前文强调“关注优势和接纳差异”，G项中的“By contrast”是典型的表示对比的短语，与前文形成逻辑对比，补充说明“避免只关注弱点(否则会打击信心)”；且“hinders confidence”与前文提到的“探索新事物、发现优势”所需的信心相呼应，逻辑连贯。故选G。 答案：G 技法 外刊题组精练 题组15　逻辑线索——总分/转折/并列/因果/递进/例证/对比 Mental health is of utmost importance as it can impact nearly every aspect of a person's life. __1__ Here are some of the most popular advice shared by psychologists to improve your mental health. 外刊题组精练 32 1．Three ways to stop getting up at night and improve sleep. Everyone wakes up a few times per night. Cycling out of sleep roughly every 90 minutes to two hours is normal. __2__ We fail to get adequate quantities of the deepest stages of sleep. __3__ Minimize bathroom breaks by aligning your biological clock with your intended sleep schedule. Treat your sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停) by desensitizing (使脱敏) yourself to your CPAP machine. And relax hypervigilance and work on feeling safer to sleep better. 外刊题组精练 33 2．Avoidance, not anxiety, may be damaging your life. Anxiety is a common and distressing symptom experienced by many individuals. However, there is a more subtle and unpleasant one. __4__ When we avoid certain situations and decisions, it can lead to more anxiety and problems. Psychological avoidance is a tough foe, but science­backed skills can help. Monitor your thoughts and challenge them; let values, not emotions, guide your actions. 外刊题组精练 34 3．Gaslighting is emotional abuse. Here's how to recognize and stop it. Gaslighting is an insidious, manipulative, and reality­bending form of emotional abuse. Yet when gaslighting is in our own relationships, many of us struggle to identify it, let alone escape it. Learn to recognize signs of gaslighting. __5__ Name the abuse. Then use strategies such as getting out of the power struggle, checking in with your feelings often, and honoring your emotions to stop being subject to gaslighting. 外刊题组精练 35 A．It's called psychological avoidance. B．These can have a big impact on gaslighting. C．Are you wondering how to care for your mental health? D．Three less well­known solutions for light sleep and waking can help. E．Are you worried that someone you know suffers from mental problems? F．But frequent waking can affect physical, emotional, and mental functioning. G．Those may include persistent denial, reality­bending, shaming, contradiction and lying. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨心理健康的重要性，并汇总心理学家关于改善心理健康的三条实用建议。 外刊题组精练 36 解析：前文强调了心理健康的重要性，后文引出心理学家的建议。C项(你想知道如何呵护自己的心理健康吗？)承前启后。故选C。 1．答案：C 解析：前文提到人都会在夜间醒来几次，后文指出睡眠深度不足。F项(但频繁醒来会影响身体、情绪和心理功能)与前文形成转折关系，点明频繁醒来的负面影响并引出后文。故选F。 2．答案：F 外刊题组精练 37 解析：后文介绍了改善浅睡和夜醒的三个方法。D项(三个鲜为人知的解决浅睡和夜醒的方法可能会有帮助。)概括段落主题，引出后文的具体措施。故选D。 3．答案：D 解析：前文指出焦虑之外有更隐蔽且令人不适的问题，后文解释回避带来的负面影响。A项(它被称为心理回避。)承前启后。故选A。 4．答案：A 外刊题组精练 38 解析：前文提到学会识别煤气灯效应的迹象，G项(这些迹象可能包括持续否认、扭曲现实、羞辱、矛盾和撒谎。)承接上文，具体列举煤气灯效应的迹象内容。故选G。 5．答案：G 外刊题组精练 39 Intermittent fasting is an eating approach that emphasizes when you eat rather than what you eat to manage your diet. __1__ Instead, you take a break from eating for a set time each day or week. Since you have a shorter time to eat, you usually end up eating fewer calories. A popular approach is the 16＋8 method: fasting for 16 hours and eating within an 8­hour window. For instance, eating from 10 am to 6 pm and fasting the rest of the day, with schedules adjustable based on personal routines and hunger cues. __2__ __3__ It's about being more mindful of your eating habits and giving your body time to rest from digesting food. While fasting, you can drink water, black coffee, or certain teas. Eat healthy foods during your eating window, like fruits, vegetables, and proteins. 外刊题组精练 40 Studies show mixed results on whether intermittent fasting works for weight loss. __4__ Other studies say it doesn't matter when you eat, just how much you eat. However, fasting may have other health benefits, like improving heart health, lowering blood pressure, and reducing inflammation (炎症). Some scientists believe fasting can also help with brain function and longevity. Intermittent fasting isn't for everyone. If you have a health condition, talk to a doctor first. And if you don't feel good while fasting, you shouldn't hesitate. __5__ The goal is to find a method that helps you feel healthy and strong while making eating a more intentional and beneficial habit. 外刊题组精练 41 A．Fasting doesn't mean starving. B．You may feel hungry during this period. C．It's okay to stop or try a different eating plan. D．Some experts question its efficiency and object to it. E．This approach helps the body use stored fat for energy. F．Some research says it helps people eat fewer calories and lose weight. G．This method doesn't require you to count calories or change your diet. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了间歇性禁食的核心原则与注意事项。 外刊题组精练 42 解析：前文介绍间歇性禁食关注“何时吃”而非“吃什么”，后文强调“无需持续进食”，G项(这种方法无需计算卡路里或改变饮食。)衔接上下文，又呼应下文中“Instead”表示的转折关系。故选G。 1．答案：G 解析：前文介绍了16＋8禁食法，E项(这种方法帮助身体利用储存的脂肪供能。)承接上文，解释该方法的减脂原理。故选E。 2．答案：E 外刊题组精练 43 解析：后文指出禁食时可喝水、咖啡或茶等，且需健康饮食。A项(禁食并不意味着挨饿。)引出后文。故选A。 3．答案：A 解析：前文提到研究结果不一致，后文提到其他研究观点，F项(一些研究表示它帮助人们减少卡路里摄入并帮助减重。)与后文形成对比。故选F。 4．答案：F 外刊题组精练 44 解析：前文强调禁食不适合所有人，若感觉不适应停止。C项(停止或尝试不同饮食计划是可行的。)承接前文。故选C。 5．答案：C 外刊题组精练 45 As adults, many people yearn for deeper and more authentic friendships. __1__. How do you skip the awkward chit­chat phase and hit the fast­forward button on a potential friendship? Give yourself permission to bore people We all know the safe topics to broach (引入) when you first meet someone. __2__. “What do you think is the best television finale of all time？” This is a great conversation starter as long as it interests you. 外刊题组精练 46 Cut back on the gossip Often our friendships feel superficial because they are built on a foundation of gossip. __3__. We share juicy updates about ex­classmates with high­school friends or gripe about bosses over drinks with colleagues. But friendships rooted in gossip leave both parties drained and down after hanging out. If a friend starts to give you updates on other people you know, it can be helpful to say, “I want to hear about what's going on with you.” Or you can ask yourself, “What would I share about myself if I were with my best friend right now？” __4__． 外刊题组精练 47 Be curious about who people are, and who they want to be __5__. They are also able to share their struggles without fear of judgment. A great way to deepen a friendship is to ask someone, “What has been challenging for you the last year？” Or, “What's a belief you have that has changed over the course of your life？” These are questions we rarely ask each other, but they reveal so much about who we are, and who we're trying to be. A．Then jump to the heart of things B．You won't have to wait so long to feel connected to a friend C．True friends strive to know each other's thinking about difficult subjects 外刊题组精练 48 D．Rather than stick with superficial chatter, go straight to what excites you E．This is because it's human nature to focus on a third person when we are anxious F．Ask yourself what's worth sharing about yourself and what's worth knowing about others G．But the process of building these relationships can prove slow and frustrating when our free time is scarce 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在成年后建立更牢固、更真实的友谊。 外刊题组精练 49 解析：前文提到成年人渴望更深层、更真实的友谊，后文提到如何跳过尴尬闲聊、加速友谊的建立。G项(但在空闲时间有限时，建立关系的过程缓慢且令人沮丧)承接前文，又通过转折引出后文“如何加速”的问题，符合语境。故选G。 1．答案：G 解析：该段标题为“允许自己让他人感到无聊”。设空前指出初次见面时人们常聊安全话题，设空后举例“你认为史上最佳电视剧结局是什么？”。D项(与其一直进行肤浅的闲聊，不如直接聊让你兴奋的话题)承前启后且符合段落主旨。故选D。 2．答案：D 外刊题组精练 50 解析：前文指出基于八卦的友谊显得肤浅，后文列举具体八卦场景(与高中朋友聊前同学、与同事抱怨老板)。E项(这是因为当我们焦虑时，关注第三方是人的本性)解释了为什么友谊基于八卦，“This”指代前文的“gossip”。故选E。 3．答案：E 解析：该段建议用关注对方近况替代八卦，前文提出具体做法(问自己“如果和最好的朋友在一起会分享什么”)。A项(然后直达核心)承接前文。故选A。 4．答案：A 外刊题组精练 51 解析：后文提到真正的朋友能分享挣扎且不怕被评判。C项(真正的朋友会努力了解彼此对棘手问题的看法)引出后文，且与后文陈述的内容一致。故选C。 5．答案：C 外刊题组精练 52 A dropped bag of chips dramatically disturbed a delicate cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns (大洞穴) National Park, New Mexico, according to a post from park officials. This cavern is nearly isolated (孤立的) from the outside. __1__ Visiting a park without leaving a trace isn't just about keeping nature clean—here's the science behind why it protects wildlife. 外刊题组精练 53 Don't leave food waste. Although the dropped chips in Carlsbad Caverns were removed fast，food waste decomposes slowly, especially in some environments. __2__ Plastic bags or metal cans dropped in the ocean could take centuries to decay. Leaving waste exposes animals to unnatural food, altering their behavior disastrously. For instance, when birds or fish eat plastic, it fills their stomachs, and they basically starve to death. __3__ Planned park trails guard sensitive areas, but short off­trail photo stops frighten wildlife—causing long harm. Sensitive ecosystems like desert crust, invisible to the eye, offer benefits such as reducing erosion (侵蚀) and absorbing rain. __4__ 外刊题组精练 54 Leave souvenirs (纪念物) behind. Probably the most challenging principle for a lot of people, is leaving what you find, because people love to keep souvenirs. __5__ For example, mass tourism has made it harder to find seashells. Experiencing nature is good for people's mental and physical health but the chips' incident illustrates the need for people to understand their own impacts. A．Avoid touching wildlife. B．Stay on the designated trail. C．Packaging is even more of a problem. D．Any foreign introduction can be disastrous. 外刊题组精练 55 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以美国新墨西哥州卡尔斯巴德洞窟国家公园内“一袋掉落的薯片严重干扰脆弱洞穴生态系统”为例，强调游览公园“不留痕迹”的重要性。 E．Restricting photography preserves animal habitats. F．Damaging them can set their recovery back hundreds of years. G．Collecting souvenirs like shells or rocks takes away natural resources from the ecosystem. 外刊题组精练 56 解析：前文提到“卡尔斯巴德洞窟几乎与外界隔绝，一袋掉落的薯片严重干扰了脆弱的洞穴生态系统”，后文提到“游览公园不留痕迹不仅是保持清洁，更能保护野生动物”。D项(任何外来物的引入都可能造成灾难性后果。)既解释了洞穴生态脆弱的原因，又衔接了后文“保护野生动物”的必要性，逻辑连贯。故选D。 1．答案：D 解析：前文讲“食物垃圾分解慢，尤其是特定环境下”，后文举例“海洋中的塑料袋、金属罐需数百年降解”，C项(包装垃圾更是一个问题。)引出后文，符合语境，even more与前文构成递进关系。故选C。 2．答案：C 外刊题组精练 57 解析：后文核心是“公园步道经规划保护敏感区域，但偏离步道进行拍照会惊吓野生动物，造成长期伤害”，该空作为本段小标题应概括“不偏离步道”的建议，B项(走在指定的步道上。)符合语境。故选B。 3．答案：B 解析：前文提到“沙漠结壳等肉眼不可见的敏感生态系统，具有减少侵蚀、吸收雨水等作用”，此处应承接“敏感生态系统的重要性”，说明“破坏它们的后果”，F项(破坏它们可能会让其恢复进程倒退数百年。)承接前文，符合语境。故选F。 4．答案：F 外刊题组精练 58 解析：本段主题是“不带走纪念品”，前文讲“不带走发现的物品对很多人来说很难，因为人们喜欢留纪念品”，后文举例“大规模旅游导致贝壳难寻”，此处应解释“为何不能带走纪念品”，即其对生态的危害。G项(收集贝壳、石头等纪念品会从生态系统中带走自然资源。)衔接后文例子，符合语境。故选G。 5．答案：G 外刊题组精练 59 R $