内容正文:
专题05 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 4
★ 考点一 及物动词与不及物动词 4
★ 考点二 连系动词 7
考点三 助动词 8
★ 考点四 情态动词 12
★ 考点五 动词短语 16
考点六 易混动词(短语)辨析 19
04 优题精选·练能提分 21
考点
课标要求
复习目标
及物动词与不及物动词
掌握及物动词(vt.)后需接宾语、不及物动词(vi.)后不直接接宾语的基本用法;能区分常见及物与不及物动词,理解不及物动词与介词、副词搭配后的语义变化;正确运用两种动词的句式结构(主谓宾、主谓)完成句子填空、翻译等任务。
1. 能准确判断中考高频及物/不及物动词,明确其用法差异;2. 熟练运用两种动词构建正确句式,避免“及物动词缺宾语”“不及物动词直接接宾语”的错误;3. 应对完形填空、语法填空等题型中对该考点的考查,正确率达80%以上。
连系动词
掌握be动词、感官类(look, sound等)、变化类(become, turn等)、状态类(keep, stay等)连系动词的用法; 理解连系动词后接形容词(而非副词)作表语的语法规则; 能结合语境选择合适的连系动词,表达准确语义。
1. 分类识记各类连系动词,明确其语义及搭配特点;2. 牢记“连系动词+形容词”核心结构,规避语法错误;3. 能在单项选择、完形填空、书面表达中灵活运用连系动词。
助动词
掌握be, do, does, did, have, has, will, shall等助动词的基本用法;理解助动词无实际语义,仅用于构成时态、语态、疑问句、否定句的功能;能正确运用助动词完成不同句式的转换。
1. 明确各类助动词的功能场景(时态、语态、句式转换);2. 熟练运用助动词构建现在完成时、一般过去时否定句/疑问句等句式;3. 避免助动词与实义动词搭配的常见错误(如重复加s)。
情态动词
掌握can, may, must, should, would, need等情态动词的语义及用法;理解情态动词表能力、许可、推测、义务等不同功能,能结合语境辨析;掌握情态动词的否定式、疑问式及回答规则,尤其是must表推测的否定回答。
1. 区分各类情态动词的语义差异及适用场景,精准判断语境需求;2. 熟练运用情态动词的句式结构及回答规则;3. 攻克情态动词表推测这一难点,应对高频考点考查。
动词短语
识记中考高频动词短语(以take, put, look, get等为核心的固定搭配); 理解动词短语的整体语义(不可逐词翻译),掌握其及物性、语义辨析;能结合语境选择合适的动词短语,准确表达句意。
1. 分类识记高频动词短语,建立“核心动词+介词/副词”搭配体系;2. 区分易混动词短语的语义及用法差异;3. 能在完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达中灵活运用,提升语言表达准确性。
易混动词(短语)辨析
能辨析中考高频易混动词(如borrow/lend, bring/take)及动词短语(如look for/find, put on/wear);理解易混词(短语)在语义、搭配、句式要求上的差异;能根据语境选择最恰当的词(短语)完成表达。
1. 梳理高频易混动词(短语),总结辨析要点及记忆技巧;2. 结合例句掌握差异点,避免语境误用;3. 提升在单项选择、完形填空等题型中对易混考点的辨析能力。
命题预测
题型聚焦:仍以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空为核心题型,阅读理解中会通过动词(短语)语义考查对语境的理解,书面表达中隐性考查运用准确性;
趋势变化:结合新情境(如校园生活、科技发展、文化交流)命题,强调语言运用能力,弱化纯语法记忆考查;
难点侧重:情态动词表推测、易混动词(短语)辨析、动词短语语境运用为高频难点,可能结合时态、语态综合考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊1: 及物/不及物动词判断——看其后是否直接接宾语,若接宾语需用及物动词,无宾语或需加介词再接宾语则为不及物动词。
锦囊2: 连系动词解题——牢记“系动词+形容词”结构,若选项为副词,可直接排除(特殊语境除外)。
锦囊3: 情态动词表推测——肯定句中must(极有可能)、may/might(可能),否定句中can’t(不可能),mustn’t表禁止而非推测。
锦囊4: 动词短语解题——优先记整体语义,结合“动词核心义+介词/副词含义”辅助记忆,避免逐词翻译误导。
锦囊5: 易混词(短语)辨析——通过“例句对比+搭配差异”总结,重点关注语境中的语义契合度,而非单纯记忆中文释义。
考点一 及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词与不及物动词的核心区别在于是否能直接接宾语以表达完整语义,这是中考语法填空、完形填空等题型的高频考点,需结合句式结构和语境精准判断。
类型
定义
高频例词
典型句式及解析
及物动词(vt.)
后面必须直接接宾语(名词、代词、动名词等),才能构成完整句意;若不带宾语,句子语义残缺,无法表达明确含义。
buy(买)、finish(完成)、reach(到达)、love(爱)、teach(教)、want(想要)、catch(抓住)
主谓宾:She finished her homework carefully.(她认真完成了作业。)—— 宾语“her homework”补充说明“完成”的对象,句子语义完整。
拓展句式:He taught us English last term.(他上学期教我们英语。)—— 双宾语结构(间接宾语us+直接宾语English),及物动词可接双宾语表动作对象和内容。
不及物动词(vi.)
后面不直接接宾语,单独作谓语即可表达完整语义;若需补充动作对象,必须在动词后加合适的介词,再接宾语,形成“不及物动词+介词+宾语”结构。
arrive(到达)、happen(发生)、run(跑)、sleep(睡觉)、agree(同意)、laugh(笑)、wait(等待)
主谓:The accident happened yesterday on the road.(事故昨天发生在路上。)—— 无宾语,“happened”单独作谓语,结合时间、地点状语即可表达完整含义。
主谓+介词+宾语:He arrived in Beijing at 9 a.m.(他上午9点到达了北京。)—— 接地点宾语“Beijing”时,需加介词“in”(大地点用in,小地点用at,如arrive at the station);She agreed to his idea after thinking.(她思考后同意了他的想法。)—— 接宾语“his idea”需加介词“to”。
【易混易错】
中考中常考查同一动词的及物/不及物两用性、不及物动词的介词搭配及及物动词的宾语缺失问题,需重点规避以下易错点:
1. 同一动词可作及物也可作不及物,语义可能不变或略有差异,需结合语境判断。如“study”,不及物(He studies hard every day. 他每天努力学习。—— 无宾语,侧重学习动作本身);及物(He studies English every day. 他每天学习英语。—— 有宾语,侧重学习的内容)。再如“read”,不及物(He reads quietly. 他安静地读书。);及物(He reads a novel every night. 他每晚读一本小说。),语义基本一致。
2. 不及物动词不可直接接宾语,需搭配固定介词,这是高频易错点。
易错点1:误说“arrive Beijing”(正确:arrive in Beijing),“arrive”为不及物动词,接大地点(城市、国家等)用“in”,接小地点(车站、机场等)用“at”;
易错点2:误说“agree his idea”(正确:agree to his idea),“agree”后接“建议、想法”用“to”,接人用“with”(agree with sb.),接计划、安排用“on”(agree on the plan);
易错点3:误说“wait me”(正确:wait for me),“wait”为不及物动词,必须搭配介词“for”才能接宾语。
3. 及物动词后必须接宾语,否则语义残缺,句子不成立。误说“She finished.”(正确:She finished the task on time. 她按时完成了任务。),“finish”为及物动词,需补充宾语说明“完成”的对象;再如误说“He bought.”(正确:He bought a book yesterday. 他昨天买了一本书。),“buy”作为及物动词,宾语不可省略。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏南京·月考)The movie Youth ________ my grandma ________ the life in the countryside.
A.reminds; of B.lets; down C.wakes; up D.helps; out
2.(23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期中)There is much useful information in the letter, and it is ________.
A.worth replying B.worth being replying to
C.worth replying to D.worth being replying
3.(23-24九年级上·江苏扬州·期中)Danny’s father moved to China _______. Two years later, he _________ Danny’s mother.
A.in his thirty; married to B.in his thirty’s; married
C.in his thirtieth; married to D.in his thirties; married
4.(23-24九年级下·江苏泰州·月考)She lives next to her friends, so she ________ go far if she ________ some help with her homework.
A.needn’t; needs to B.needn’t; needs
C.doesn’t need; needs D.doesn’t need to; need to
5.(22-23九年级上·江苏淮安·期末)If I don’t know ________, I will write to Sigmund Friend for help.
A.who to talk B.who to talk to C.who I should talk D.who should I talk to
考点二 连系动词
连系动词(Linking Verb)又称系动词,本身无完整实义,需连接主语和表语,说明主语的身份、状态、特征或变化,是中考单项选择、完形填空及书面表达的高频考点。不同类别连系动词的语义和搭配各有侧重,需分类精准识记。
重点动词用法解析
类别
核心含义
高频例词
典型例句及解析
be动词
表示“是、存在”,是最基础的连系动词,可用于描述主语的身份、属性、状态等,适用所有时态语境。
am, is, are, was, were
She is a teacher.(她是一名老师。)—— 描述身份,主语为第三人称单数,一般现在时用is。
They were in the classroom just now.(他们刚才在教室里。)—— 描述存在状态,一般过去时复数主语用were,后接介词短语作表语。
感官类
表示通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉感知到的主语特征,语义直观,需结合具体感官场景使用。
look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来/感觉)
The music sounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美妙。)—— 听觉感知,后接形容词作表语,体现音乐的特征。
The silk feels soft.(这块丝绸摸起来很柔软。)—— 触觉感知,feel此处为连系动词,而非实义动词“感觉”;He looks tired today.(他今天看起来很累。)—— 视觉感知,描述人的状态。
变化类
表示主语从一种状态向另一种状态的转变,侧重“变化过程”,后多接形容词、名词作表语,部分动词搭配有特殊规则。
become(变得,强调结果)、turn(变成,侧重颜色/性质突变)、get(变得,口语化,表逐渐变化)、grow(变得,侧重逐渐发展)、go(变得,多接消极形容词)
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(树叶在秋天变黄。)—— 颜色突变,turn后直接接颜色名词,不加冠词。
He became a doctor after graduation.(他毕业后成为了一名医生。)—— 身份变化,become后接可数名词需加冠词;The weather is getting colder.(天气变得越来越冷了。)—— 逐渐变化,口语中常用get+形容词结构。
状态类
表示主语保持或维持某种稳定状态,不强调变化,后多接形容词、介词短语作表语,语义相对稳定。
keep(保持,强调主动维持)、stay(保持,侧重持续状态)、remain(保持,较正式,表客观持续)
Keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆保持安静。)—— 主动维持安静状态,后接形容词作表语。
She stayed healthy by exercising every day.(她通过每天锻炼保持健康。)—— 持续健康状态;The problem remains unsolved.(这个问题仍未解决。)—— 正式语境,客观描述状态持续。
【用法规则】
连系动词的用法规则是中考易错点集中区域,需牢记“系动+表语”核心结构,规避语法错误,同时结合语境灵活运用。
1.连系动词后接表语,表语通常为形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式等,不可直接接副词(高频易错点)。
易错点解析:误说“The cake tastes well”,正确表达为“The cake tastes good”。此处well作副词时表“好地”,仅能修饰实义动词;作形容词时仅表“身体好”,如“He feels well.(他身体很好。)”,描述食物、物品特征需用形容词作表语。
拓展例句:The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)—— 形容词interesting作表语,而非副词interestingly。
感官类连系动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)无被动语态,也不可用于进行时(中考高频考点)。
易错点解析:误说“The flower is smelling sweet”,正确表达为“The flower smells sweet.(这朵花闻起来很香。)”。此类动词本身已体现“感知状态”,无需用进行时强调动作正在进行;同时因是感官自然属性,无被动形式,不可说“The music is sounded beautiful.”。
特殊提醒:feel作实义动词“触摸、感觉”时,可用于进行时和被动语态,如“She is feeling the cloth.(她正在摸这块布。)”,需结合语义区分词性。
3.变化类连系动词中,不同动词的名词搭配规则不同,需精准记忆(易错点)。具体规则:
① turn后接颜色名词时不加冠词,如turn red(变红)、turn black(变黑),若接职业名词也不加冠词,如turn teacher(成为老师);
② become后接名词(无论是职业、身份还是类别名词),需根据名词单复数加冠词,如become a doctor(成为一名医生)、become an engineer(成为一名工程师);
③ go后多接消极意义的形容词,如go bad(变质)、go blind(失明),而become可接积极或消极形容词,如become successful(变得成功)、become sad(变得难过)。
1.(24-25七年级上·江苏徐州·月考)The glasses in this shop ______ often expensive, but this pair of glasses ________ cheap.
A.are; are B.are; is C.is; is D.is; are
2.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
A.was B.is C.has been D.will be
3.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)—______ you free this weekend?
—Yes, but I need to look after my little sister.
A.Do B.Are C.Did D.Will
4.(24-25九年级下·江苏无锡·月考)Look! Between the two trees ________ a young boy.
A.is B.are C.lie D.are lying
5.(24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·月考)_________ the teachers in our school is about 100, and half of them _________women teachers.
A.A number of; is B.The number of; is C.The number of; are D.A number of; are
考点三 助动词
助动词(Auxiliary Verb)本身无完整实义,不能单独作谓语,需与实义动词、分词(现在分词、过去分词)搭配使用,核心作用是构建时态、语态、疑问句、否定句,或替代前文实义动词避免重复。中考中常结合时态、语态综合考查助动词的选用,需精准掌握各类助动词的功能场景及搭配规则。
重点动词用法解析
助动词
核心功能
用法解析
be (am/is/are/was/were)
1. 构成进行时(be+现在分词doing):强调动作在某一时刻或时间段正在进行,需根据主语人称、数及时态选择对应的be动词形式;2. 构成被动语态(be+过去分词done):表示主语承受某一动作,被动语态的时态由be动词的形式决定,过去分词需与主语单复数一致,且注意不规则动词的过去分词变化。
He is reading a book in the library now.(现在进行时,主语He为第三人称单数,用is+reading,强调当前正在进行的动作,中考常结合时间状语now、at the moment考查);The letter was sent to my parents yesterday.(一般过去时被动语态,主语The letter为单数,用was+sent,send的过去分词为不规则变化sent,中考高频考点为不规则动词过去分词及被动语态时态匹配)。
do/does/did
1. 构成一般现在时/一般过去时的疑问句、否定句:一般现在时中,主语为第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do;一般过去时统一用did,后接实义动词原形;2. 替代前文实义动词,避免重复:用于肯定句时需搭配so/neither/nor,表“也/也不”,结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词+主语”,助动词的时态、人称需与前文一致。
Do you like drinking coffee in the morning?(一般现在时疑问句,主语you为第二人称,用do引导,后接实义动词like原形);She doesn’t know the answer to this question.(一般现在时否定句,主语She为第三人称单数,用doesn’t+know原形,中考易错点为第三人称单数否定句漏加doesn’t或实义动词变复数);He works hard at his lessons, and so do I.(替代前文实义动词works,用do匹配前文一般现在时,主语I为第一人称,表“我也一样”,中考常考替代结构的倒装用法)。
have/has/had
核心功能为构成完成时:1. 现在完成时(have/has+过去分词):主语为第三人称单数用has,其余人称用have,强调动作从过去持续到现在,或对现在造成影响,常与already、yet、for、since等时间状语搭配;2. 过去完成时(had+过去分词):无人称变化,强调动作发生在过去某一动作之前,即“过去的过去”,常与before、by the end of last year等时间状语连用,是中考难点考点。
I have finished my homework already.(现在完成时,用have+finished,already提示动作已完成,对现在的影响是可以休息了,中考常结合时间状语辨析时态);They had left the classroom before the teacher came.(过去完成时,用had+left,left发生在came之前,体现“过去的过去”,中考易错点为混淆一般过去时与过去完成时的时间逻辑)。
will/shall
构成一般将来时:will无人称限制,可用于所有人称,表客观将来、意愿或预测;shall多用于第一人称(I/we),语气较委婉,常用于征求对方意见或提出建议,现代英语中shall的用法逐渐简化,第一人称也可通用will,中考重点考查will的基本用法及shall的征求意见场景。
We will visit the history museum tomorrow morning.(一般将来时,will+visit,tomorrow提示将来时间,表客观计划);Shall we go to the park together this weekend?(第一人称征求意见,语气委婉,答语常用Good idea./Yes, let’s.等,中考常考shall开头疑问句的应答方式)。
【易混易错】
助动词的易错点集中在“功能区分”“搭配规则”“时态一致性”三大方面,均为中考高频丢分点,需逐一突破:
1.助动词不可单独作谓语,需与实义动词、分词搭配构成复合谓语,这是核心原则。
易错点解析:误将连系动词be当作助动词,如“He is late.”中,is为连系动词,单独作谓语,后接形容词late作表语,构成“主系表”结构,而非助动词;再如“She was happy.”中was同样是连系动词,区别于助动词be(如She was reading a book.中was为助动词,与reading搭配构成进行时)。
判断技巧:看be动词后接的是形容词/名词(连系动词),还是现在分词/过去分词(助动词)。
2.do/does/did作为助动词时,后接的实义动词必须用原形,这是中考最易失分的基础考点。
易错点解析:误说“He doesn’t likes apples.”,正确表达为“He doesn’t like apples.”,does已体现第三人称单数和一般现在时,实义动词like需用原形;类似错误还有“She didn’t went to school yesterday.”,正确为“She didn’t go to school yesterday.”,did后接go原形。
拓展提醒:do/does/did也可作实义动词,表“做”,此时可单独作谓语,如“He does his homework every day.”中does为实义动词,表“做”,第三人称单数需变形式。
3.have/has既可以作助动词,也可以作实义动词,需结合语境精准区分,避免用法混淆。当have/has表“拥有”时,作实义动词,否定句和疑问句有两种形式:
① 口语化表达:don’t/doesn’t have(否定句)、Do/Does...have...(疑问句),如“I don’t have a pen.”“Does she have a bag?”;
② 正式表达(较少用):have/has not(否定句)、Have/Has...(疑问句),如“He has not a car.”。当have/has作助动词时,仅用于构成完成时,无实际语义,否定句直接在have/has后加not(haven’t/hasn’t),疑问句将have/has提前,如“I haven’t finished my work.”“Has he arrived yet?”。
中考常考查两种用法的辨析,尤其注意实义动词have的否定句不可直接加not(误说“I have not a pen.”,口语中更常用“I don’t have a pen.”)。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考)—I have little time for my hobbies because of too much homework.
—________ .
A.So have I B.So do I C.Neither have I D.Neither do I
2.(2025九年级上·江苏镇江·专题练习)—I’ve never seen such an amazing invention!
—________. It really changes the way we learn history.
A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So have I D.Neither have I
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考)—I don’t like short videos on social media.
—________. Watching them is a waste of time.
A.So do I B.So will I C.Neither do I D.Neither will I
4.(22-23九年级上·江苏扬州·期末)—You know much about the film. You saw it not long ago?
—Yes. I ________ see it yesterday. It’s wonderful.
A.didn’t B.did C.do D.have
5.(2022·江苏苏州·一模)________ not only Simon’ s car but also his friends’ cars ________ last night?
A.Did; break down B.Was; broke down C.Is; broke down D.Were; break down
考点四 情态动词
情态动词(Modal Verb)本身有一定语义,但不能单独作谓语,需后接实义动词原形构成复合谓语,核心用于表达能力、许可、推测、义务、建议等语气。中考中常结合语境考查情态动词的语义辨析、否定式、疑问句及特殊用法,需精准掌握每类情态动词的核心规则及易错点。
重点动词用法解析
情态动词
核心用法
例句
can
1. 表能力:能、会;2. 表许可:可以(口语化,非正式);3. 表推测:可能(仅用于否定句/疑问句,语气肯定);4. 表请求:能,可以(口语)
1. She can play the piano very well.(能力);2. Can we eat in the classroom?(许可);3. He can't be late—he always gets up early.(否定推测);4. Can you pass me the book?(请求)
could
1. can的过去式:表过去的能力/许可;2. 表委婉请求:可以(比can更礼貌,时态不表过去);3. 表推测:可能(比can语气更弱,仅否定/疑问)
1. He could swim when he was five.(过去能力);2. Could you tell me the way to the park?(委婉请求);3. Could she be at the library?(疑问推测)
may
1. 表许可:可以(正式,比can礼貌);2. 表推测:可能(仅用于肯定句,可能性中等);3. 表祝愿:愿(固定结构:May+主语+动词原形)
1. May I ask you a question?(正式许可);2. It may rain this evening, so take an umbrella.(肯定推测);3. May you have a good trip!(祝愿)
might
1. may的过去式:表过去的许可/推测;2. 表推测:可能(比may可能性更弱,仅肯定句);3. 表委婉请求:可以(比may更礼貌,较少用)
1. She might go to the cinema yesterday, I'm not sure.(过去推测);2. He might not come to the party—he's busy.(肯定句表轻微否定推测);3. Might I borrow your dictionary?(委婉请求)
must
1. 表义务:必须,应当(主观意愿/说话人要求);2. 表推测:一定,肯定(仅用于肯定句,语气最强,近乎确定)
1. You must finish your homework before watching TV.(主观义务);2. The light is on, so he must be at home.(肯定推测,语气最强)
have to
表义务:必须,不得不(客观要求/外界规则,有人称、时态变化,非纯情态动词)
1. We have to wear school uniforms at school.(客观规则);2. She had to stay at home because she was ill.(过去式);3. They will have to get up early tomorrow.(将来时)
should
1. 表建议:应该(提客观/合理建议,中考高频);2. 表责任/义务:应当(比must语气弱);3. 表推测:应该(按常理推断,可能性高)
1. You should drink more water when you have a cold.(建议);2. We should help the old people.(责任);3. The train should arrive in ten minutes.(常理推测)
ought to
表应该/应当(与should用法基本一致,语气稍正式,后接to do,中考偶考)
1. You ought to listen to your parents' advice.(建议);2. He ought to finish the work on time.(义务)
will
1. 表意愿:愿意,要;2. 表请求/邀请:会(口语,用于第二人称);3. 表预测:会,将要(客观趋势,比be going to更正式)
1. I will help you with your English.(意愿);2. Will you come to my birthday party?(邀请);3. The sun will rise in the east.(客观预测)
would
1. will的过去式:表过去的意愿/预测;2. 表委婉请求/邀请:会(比will更礼貌,时态不表过去);3. 表习惯性动作:过去常常(可与used to互换)
1. He said he would go to Beijing.(过去意愿);2. Would you like a cup of tea?(委婉邀请);3. She would walk to school when she was a student.(过去习惯)
need
1. 情态动词:需要(仅用于否定句/疑问句,后接动词原形,中考高频);2. 实义动词:需要(可用于所有句式,后接to do,有人称变化)
1. You needn't worry about me.(情态动词,否定);2. Need I go there at once?(情态动词,疑问);3. I need to finish the work today.(实义动词)
shall
1. 表征求意见:……好吗?(用于第一、三人称疑问句,中考情景交际考点);2. 表命令/规定:必须,应当(用于第二、三人称,正式)
1. Shall we go for a walk after dinner?(征求第一人称意见);2. Shall he wait for you at the gate?(征求第三人称意见);3. You shall obey the school rules.(规定/命令)
had better
表建议:最好(后接动词原形,否定式:had better not do,中考情景交际高频)
1. You had better get up early to catch the bus.(肯定建议);2. You had better not play computer games for too long.(否定建议)
【难点突破】情态动词表推测
情态动词表推测是中考核心难点,需结合句式(肯定/否定/疑问)、语气强度及语境精准选择,不同情态动词的推测语气差异明显,且有固定用法限制,需逐一掌握。
1. 肯定句推测:语气强度从强到弱为 must(极有可能,概率90%以上,基于明确证据或逻辑)> should/ought to(理应如此,概率70%-80%,基于常理或约定)> may/might(可能,概率50%左右,语气不确定,仅表潜在可能性)。
例:
He must be ill—he didn’t come to school.(有明确证据,用must)
The train should arrive on time.(基于时刻表,用should);It might rain this evening.(无明确依据,仅猜测,用might)。
2.否定句推测:语气强度从强到弱为 can’t(不可能,概率0%,基于证据否定可能性)> may not(可能不,概率50%以下,语气委婉,仅表不确定的否定推测)。
易错点:不可用mustn’t表推测否定,mustn’t仅表“禁止”。示例:It can’t be his bag—his is blue.(有明确证据否定,用can’t);He may not come to the party—he is busy.(不确定的否定,用may not)。
3. 疑问句推测:仅能用can(可能,概率不确定),不可用must/may/might,这是中考高频易错点。
易错点:误说“Must he be there?”(正确:Can he be there?);误说“May she know the answer?”(正确:Can she know the answer?)。
例:
— Can he be in the library?(疑问句推测,用can)
— He must be there—he always reads there after school.(肯定句用must回应,语气一致)。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)—In modern education, we should ______ acquire knowledge ______ develop practical skills.
—In fact, we ______ care too much about both.
A.not only; but also; can’t B.both; and; must
C.either; or; can’t D.neither; nor; must
2.(25-26九年级上·江苏淮安·月考)My sister didn’t answer my phone. I guess she ________ be busy with the meeting.
A.must B.would C.should D.might
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考)With homework done, many primary school students are happy to find that they ________ do many more after-school activities.
A.should B.must C.can D.might
4.(25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考)—Do you have any plans for the winter holiday?
—I’m not sure. I ________ take a trip to Beijing.
A.need B.must C.might D.can
5.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期中)—Pride and Prejudice is the best novel I’ve ever read in the past two years.
—I think so. You _________ think too highly of it.
A.can B.should C.can’t D.shouldn’t
考点五 动词短语
动词短语是中考完形填空、阅读理解及书面表达的核心考点,其由“核心动词+介词/副词”构成,语义具有整体性和固定性,需分类识记、结合语境灵活运用。以下聚焦中考最常考的四大核心动词,拓展高频短语及用法细节,助力精准掌握。
高频动词短语用法例析
核心动词
高频短语及语义(中考重点标注★)
例句及语境解析
take
★ take care of(照顾、照料,同义于look after);★ take place(发生,无被动语态,侧重有计划、有组织的发生);take place of(取代、代替);★ take part in(参加,侧重参与集体活动、会议、比赛等,后接活动类名词);take an active part in(积极参加);★ take off(起飞;脱下,后接衣物类名词);take out(取出、拿出);take away(拿走、带走);take up(占据时间/空间;开始学习/从事)
She takes care of her grandma carefully every day.(照顾,日常场景,书面表达高频句);The plane will take off in 10 minutes. Please hurry up.(起飞,交通场景,完形填空常考)
The sports meeting will take place next Friday.(发生、举行,无被动语态,中考易错点:不可说“The sports meeting will be taken place”);He took up painting when he retired.(开始从事,兴趣场景,侧重新技能的开启)。
put
★ put on(穿上,强调动作;上演,后接戏剧、节目等);★ put up(张贴,后接海报、通知等;搭建,后接帐篷、房屋等临时建筑);★ put off(推迟,后接会议、活动等,同义于delay);★ put away(收好、整理,侧重将物品归位);put down(放下;写下、记录);put out(扑灭,后接火焰、火灾等;熄灭,后接灯光等);put up with(忍受、容忍,口语化,后接人或事物)
Put on your coat before going out. It’s cold outside.(穿上,动作类场景,区别于wear的状态);They put up a notice on the wall to remind students of the rules.(张贴,校园场景,高频考点)
We had to put off the meeting because the manager was ill.(推迟,职场/校园场景,中考常考搭配);The firemen quickly put out the big fire.(扑灭,安全场景,注意put的过去式、过去分词均为put)。
look
★ look for(寻找,强调动作过程,区别于find的结果);★ look after(照顾、照料,同义于take care of,可接人或动物);★ look forward to(期待,后接名词、代词或动名词,中考易错点:to为介词,不可接动词原形);★ look up(查阅,后接字典、资料等;抬头看,接事物);look at(看,强调动作对象);look out(小心、注意,口语化提醒);look through(浏览,后接书籍、报纸等)
I’m looking for my key everywhere, but I can’t find it.(寻找,强调过程,与find形成对比,中考常考辨析);She looks up new words in the dictionary when she meets them.(查阅,学习场景,高频用法)
We are looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.(期待,to后接动名词visiting,中考易错点:避免误写为“look forward to visit”);Look out! There’s a car coming.(小心,提醒场景,口语化表达)。
get
★ get up(起床,日常场景基础短语);★ get on(上车,后接公交车、火车等大型交通工具;相处融洽,后接with sb.);★ get off(下车,对应get on;离开,后接地点);★ get along with(与……相处,同义于get on with,后接人,可加well/badly修饰);get to(到达,后接地点名词,接副词时省略to,如get here/there);get ready for(为……做准备);get rid of(摆脱、除去);get used to(习惯于,后接名词、代词或动名词)
He gets up early every day to exercise.(起床,日常习惯表达,书面表达常用);She gets along well with her classmates, so she is very popular.(相处融洽,校园场景,加well修饰状态)
We will get to Beijing tomorrow morning.(到达,后接地点名词Beijing);She can’t get used to living in the north.(习惯于,to为介词,后接动名词living,中考易错点)。
【注意事项】
动词短语的用法差异是中考丢分重灾区,需重点掌握及物性、语义整体性、语境依赖性三大核心规则,规避常见错误。
1.及物性:动词短语按是否可接宾语分为及物性和不及物性,需精准区分,避免搭配错误。
① 及物性短语:可直接接宾语,部分短语接宾语时需注意位置(核心易错点)。如look after sb.(照顾某人)、put up a poster(张贴海报),此类短语宾语为名词时,可放在短语末尾;若宾语为代词(it/them等),必须放在动词与介词/副词之间,不可放在末尾。
易错示例:误说“put on it”(正确:put it on,穿上它)、误说“look up it”(正确:look it up,查阅它)、误说“put away them”(正确:put them away,收好它们)。
② 不及物性短语:不可直接接宾语,语义本身完整,若需补充范围或对象,需加介词。如take place(发生)、break out(爆发)、come true(实现)
中考易错点:误说“take place a meeting”(正确:a meeting takes place 或 hold a meeting),此类短语无被动语态,也不可接宾语。
语义整体性:动词短语的语义并非核心动词与介词/副词语义的简单叠加,多数需整体记忆,不可逐词翻译,否则会造成理解偏差。
中考高频示例:take place不可译为“拿走地方”,整体义为“发生、举行”;look forward to不可译为“向前看”,整体义为“期待”;take care of不可译为“拿走关心”,整体义为“照顾”;get along with不可译为“得到沿着”,整体义为“与……相处”。
记忆技巧:结合例句场景记忆整体语义,同时关联核心动词的基础义辅助理解,如look up中“up”有“向上”含义,“查阅字典”时需抬头翻找,可辅助记忆“查阅”语义。
语境依赖性:同一动词短语在不同语境中可能有多种语义,需结合上下文精准判断,这是完形填空的高频考法。
中考高频多义短语及辨析:
① take off:表“起飞”时,语境多与飞机、航班相关(The plane takes off at 9 a.m.);表“脱下”时,语境多与衣物相关(Take off your hat in the room.)。
② put on:表“穿上”时,搭配衣物(put on a sweater);表“上演”时,搭配戏剧、节目(put on a play)。
③ get on:表“上车”时,搭配交通工具(get on the bus);表“相处融洽”时,搭配人(get on well with friends)。
④ look up:表“查阅”时,搭配字典、资料(look up words in the dictionary);表“抬头看”时,搭配事物(look up at the sky)。解题技巧:完形填空中遇到多义短语,可根据前后文的名词、场景提示锁定语义。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·月考)A serious fire ________ in Hong Kong on the afternoon of November 26, 2025 and the fire has caused 159 deaths.
A.broke out B.broke off C.broke up D.broke down
2.(25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考)To improve English, my friend Jack always ________ to do some extra exercises.
A.puts up B.looks up C.stays up D.comes up
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏南通·月考)They ________ after their graduation. They ________ for five years.
A.married; have married B.got married; have been married
C.married; have been marrying D.got married; have married
4.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)—I feel so stressed about the coming exams. I’m afraid I can’t do well.
—Don’t be so worried. You should ______ and believe in yourself. I’m sure you will make it.
A.break up B.stay up C.cheer up D.give up
5.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期中)—With 2026 coming, what would you like to say to yourself in 2025?
—I’m happy that I didn’t ________ on the way and finally found what I truly want.
A.give up B.give away C.give in D.give out
考点六 易混动词(短语)辨析
高频易混动词举例分析
易混动词对
核心差异
例句
borrow / lend
borrow(借入):borrow sth. from sb.;lend(借出):lend sth. to sb.
I borrowed a book from the library.;She lent her pen to me.
bring / take
bring(带来,向说话者方向);take(带走,远离说话者方向)
Bring your homework here.;Take this bag to your room.
cost / spend / pay
cost(物作主语,花费金钱);spend(人作主语,spend...on sth./doing sth.);pay(人作主语,pay for sth.)
The book costs 20 yuan.;I spend 2 hours reading every day.;She paid for the meal.
高频易混动词短语举例分析
易混短语对
核心差异
例句
look for / find
look for(寻找,强调过程);find(找到,强调结果)
I looked for my key everywhere.;Finally, I found it on the desk.
put on / wear
put on(穿上,强调动作);wear(穿着,强调状态)
He put on his coat and went out.;She wears a red dress today.
take care of / look after
语义相近,均可表“照顾”,take care of更口语化,look after稍正式;take care of还可表“处理”
She looks after her brother.;He took care of the problem.
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)—How could you ________ so late? We are worried about you.
—Sorry, Mum. I promise I will come back before six o’clock.
A.stay up B.stay away C.stay in D.stay out
2.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)The teachers hope all of us can hand ________ our homework ________ time.
A.up; in B.out; on C.on; in D.in; on
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)We all know the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, and for eight years.
A.was broken out; was lasted B.was broken out; lasted
C.broke out; was lasted D.broke out; lasted
4.(25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·月考)—Have you decided where to spend your winter holiday?
—Not yet. We will vote ________ it this evening.
A.for B.against C.by D.on
5.(25-26九年级上·江苏淮安·月考)The football match in Huai’an ________ to be more exciting than we thought.
A.turned out B.worked out C.put out D.found out
一、单项选择
1.Visitors ________ take photos when admiring artworks in the museum, or they will be asked to leave.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.shouldn’t
2.The children were made ________ at home all day by the heavy rain.
A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying
3.The earthquake ________ ________.
A.happened; all of a sudden B.took place; on July
C.was happened; at 1878 D.was taken place; at the end
4.Could you please ________ me ________?
A.telling, how can I get to school B.to tell, how I can get to school
C.tell, how I can get to school D.tell, how can I get to school
5.You’d better ________ depend on your dictionary all the time. Try to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
A.not B.don’t C.to not D.not to
6.Frank ________ be interested in Chinese folk music, for he has spent 20 years studying it.
A.must B.mustn’t C.could D.couldn’t
7.You’d better ________ long hours in the office. Go out and have a rest for a while.
A.not work B.not to work C.don’t work D.not to working
8.You had better ________ enough sleep and rest to maintain your memory.
A.have B.to have C.not have D.not to have
9.Look! The light in Mr. Zhang’s office is still on. He ________ for tomorrow’s meeting.
A.must work B.must be working C.can work D.should be working
10.In spite of the opportunities as well as benefits, I ________ admit that the idea of studying abroad scares me.
A.need B.can C.have to D.ought
11.The long journey, coupled with the bad weather, ________ everyone exhausted.
A.made B.let C.had D.left
12.________ students at our school ________ nearly 1000.
A.The number of, is B.The number of, are
C.A number of, is D.A number of, are
13.—In class, our teacher always suggests us ________ in groups to make the task less difficult.
—It ________ be practical and interesting.
A.to discuss; can B.discussing; must C.discussed; should D.discuss; may
14.Everyone in our class, including the teacher, ________ excited about the coming sports meeting at the moment.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
15.Here is a box full of bananas. You can ________ it and put your books in.
A.throw B.bring C.sell D.empty
16.She doesn’t much care for a car, ________?
A.is she B.does she C.doesn’t she D.did she
17.Students should pay attention to ________ the teacher in class.
A.listening B.listening to C.listen D.listen to
18.—Who broke that window?
—I ________.
A.do B.did C.had D.broke
19.—Hurry up. The bus is coming.
—Oh, no. We mustn’t ________ the street ________ the traffic lights are green.
A.across; after B.through; since C.across; while D.cross; until
20.This song ________ very beautiful. Many people like listening to it.
A.sounds B.feels C.smells D.tastes
21.Since Damin is strong enough to control his raft in the river, he ________ any help.
A.doesn’t need B.doesn’t need to C.needs to D.needs
22.Don’t let your son ________ computer games for a long time.
A.play B.playing C.to play D.played
23.—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend?
—Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
24.The window is broken. We should ________ soon.
A.make it fixed B.have it fixed C.get fixed it D.having it fix
25.Will you please ________ water for me? I’m thirsty.
A.bring some B.take some C.to bring some D.to take some
26.He refused ________ the paper because the terms were unfair to his country.
A.sign B.signing C.to sign D.to signing
27.When you are in trouble, a friend who ________ from you is not a true one.
A.takes away B.puts away C.runs away D.throws away
28.The most relaxing thing for me is ________ a fashion magazine on the sofa and listening to some light music.
A.looking at B.looking through C.looking around D.looking for
29.Peter ________ drink coffee, but now he ________ milk.
A.used to be; is used to drinking B.used to; is used to drink
C.is used to; is used to drink D.used to; is used to drinking
30.Smith ________ the men in his class ________ two teams and taught them to play his new game.
A.across; form B.divided; into C.stopped; from D.poured; into
二、单词拼写
31.The novel which (write) by Mo Yan is widely read.
32.Let the notice on the wall (warn) the workers of the new security rules.
33.Not only my parents but also I (be) Zhong Nanshan’s fans.
34.The box is empty. I think someone must (take) the thing in it.
35.This serious matter needs (deal) with at once.
36.—Would you like to go to Taihu Bay Music Festival?
—I’d like to, but I have to finish my homework first. Can you have it (record)?
37.—Tom, could I borrow your e-book?
—Sorry, Mike. I (use) it. Wait a moment.
38.The workers are made (work) 12 hours every day.
39.The music is so loud that it can (hear) from a long way away.
40.You had better (hurry). There is still enough time to go to school.
41.We students should learn how (protect) ourselves at school.
42.I must improve my writing (able) because I want to become a writer.
43.Joining an English club can improve your (speak) English.
44. (do) outdoor activities can help students improve their abilities and skills.
45.Some wild animals may (appear) forever if we don’t stop hunting them.
46.You’d better (not share) your personal information online.
47.Arguing cannot (address) your problem.
48.You’d better (repair) the house and mend the hole as soon as possible.
49.Who would you (suggestion) for the position after the interview?
50.Before you visit someone, you’d better (call) him or her ahead of time.
三、完成句子
51.他无法决定如何处理这笔钱。
He couldn’t about what to do with the money.
52.选择正确的自行车必须取决于你想用它来做什么。
Choosing the right bike must what you want to use it for.
53.通过一起参与环保项目,我们都能够有所作为。
By working together on environmental projects, we can all .
54.一旦将作业交上去,我们就可以开始着手科学课的小组项目了。
Once the homework is handed in, we can our group project for science class.
55.客人到达前,你最好把客厅整理一下。
You’d better the living room before the guests arrive.
56.医生建议我应该早点休息。
The doctor suggested to bed early.
57.杰克期待他能帮忙做这个演出。
Jack expects the show.
58.如果你要短途旅行,你最好步行或骑自行车,而不是乘坐公共汽车或出租车。
You walk or ride a bike instead of a bus or a taxi if you travel a short distance.
59.设法保证你能坦诚地交流。你能分享自己的真实感受,你的父母会为此感到高兴。
to talk openly. Your parents will be happy that you can share you truly .
60.你必须接受良好的教育并集中注意力于你的目标。
You get a good education and your goal.
61.我们相信全运会的精神会鼓舞人们为更美好的未来而努力。
We believe the spirit of the National Games people work harder for a better future.
62.这些草药可以用于饮料,但我们应该遵循医生的建议来饮用。
These herbs can be used in drinks, but we to follow the doctor’s advice when we drink them.
63.在古代,人们依靠草药来治疗疾病和保持健康。
In ancient times, people herbs to treat illnesses and stay healthy.
64.放弃得不到的是一种智慧的选择。
It’s a wise choice to what you’ll never get.
65.你知道青少年们都梦想着成为体育明星吗?
Do you know teenagers becoming sports stars?
66.他没有参考笔记就完成了演讲。
He gave the speech and didn’t his notes.
67.老师对你的作文做出评价是一次学习和提高写作技巧的机会。
When the teacher your essay, it’s an opportunity to learn and improve your writing skills.
68.一些学生放学后做兼职工作来帮助家庭谋生。
Some students have part-time jobs after school to help their families .
69.近几年中国在环保方面取得了很大进步。
China has the environment in recent years.
70.他们练习这种赛跑时,走路有困难。
They while practising this kind of race.
21 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
专题05 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 4
★ 考点一 及物动词与不及物动词 4
★ 考点二 连系动词 7
考点三 助动词 10
★ 考点四 情态动词 14
★ 考点五 动词短语 18
考点六 易混动词(短语)辨析 24
04 优题精选·练能提分 26
考点
课标要求
复习目标
及物动词与不及物动词
掌握及物动词(vt.)后需接宾语、不及物动词(vi.)后不直接接宾语的基本用法;能区分常见及物与不及物动词,理解不及物动词与介词、副词搭配后的语义变化;正确运用两种动词的句式结构(主谓宾、主谓)完成句子填空、翻译等任务。
1. 能准确判断中考高频及物/不及物动词,明确其用法差异;2. 熟练运用两种动词构建正确句式,避免“及物动词缺宾语”“不及物动词直接接宾语”的错误;3. 应对完形填空、语法填空等题型中对该考点的考查,正确率达80%以上。
连系动词
掌握be动词、感官类(look, sound等)、变化类(become, turn等)、状态类(keep, stay等)连系动词的用法; 理解连系动词后接形容词(而非副词)作表语的语法规则; 能结合语境选择合适的连系动词,表达准确语义。
1. 分类识记各类连系动词,明确其语义及搭配特点;2. 牢记“连系动词+形容词”核心结构,规避语法错误;3. 能在单项选择、完形填空、书面表达中灵活运用连系动词。
助动词
掌握be, do, does, did, have, has, will, shall等助动词的基本用法;理解助动词无实际语义,仅用于构成时态、语态、疑问句、否定句的功能;能正确运用助动词完成不同句式的转换。
1. 明确各类助动词的功能场景(时态、语态、句式转换);2. 熟练运用助动词构建现在完成时、一般过去时否定句/疑问句等句式;3. 避免助动词与实义动词搭配的常见错误(如重复加s)。
情态动词
掌握can, may, must, should, would, need等情态动词的语义及用法;理解情态动词表能力、许可、推测、义务等不同功能,能结合语境辨析;掌握情态动词的否定式、疑问式及回答规则,尤其是must表推测的否定回答。
1. 区分各类情态动词的语义差异及适用场景,精准判断语境需求;2. 熟练运用情态动词的句式结构及回答规则;3. 攻克情态动词表推测这一难点,应对高频考点考查。
动词短语
识记中考高频动词短语(以take, put, look, get等为核心的固定搭配); 理解动词短语的整体语义(不可逐词翻译),掌握其及物性、语义辨析;能结合语境选择合适的动词短语,准确表达句意。
1. 分类识记高频动词短语,建立“核心动词+介词/副词”搭配体系;2. 区分易混动词短语的语义及用法差异;3. 能在完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达中灵活运用,提升语言表达准确性。
易混动词(短语)辨析
能辨析中考高频易混动词(如borrow/lend, bring/take)及动词短语(如look for/find, put on/wear);理解易混词(短语)在语义、搭配、句式要求上的差异;能根据语境选择最恰当的词(短语)完成表达。
1. 梳理高频易混动词(短语),总结辨析要点及记忆技巧;2. 结合例句掌握差异点,避免语境误用;3. 提升在单项选择、完形填空等题型中对易混考点的辨析能力。
命题预测
题型聚焦:仍以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空为核心题型,阅读理解中会通过动词(短语)语义考查对语境的理解,书面表达中隐性考查运用准确性;
趋势变化:结合新情境(如校园生活、科技发展、文化交流)命题,强调语言运用能力,弱化纯语法记忆考查;
难点侧重:情态动词表推测、易混动词(短语)辨析、动词短语语境运用为高频难点,可能结合时态、语态综合考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊1: 及物/不及物动词判断——看其后是否直接接宾语,若接宾语需用及物动词,无宾语或需加介词再接宾语则为不及物动词。
锦囊2: 连系动词解题——牢记“系动词+形容词”结构,若选项为副词,可直接排除(特殊语境除外)。
锦囊3: 情态动词表推测——肯定句中must(极有可能)、may/might(可能),否定句中can’t(不可能),mustn’t表禁止而非推测。
锦囊4: 动词短语解题——优先记整体语义,结合“动词核心义+介词/副词含义”辅助记忆,避免逐词翻译误导。
锦囊5: 易混词(短语)辨析——通过“例句对比+搭配差异”总结,重点关注语境中的语义契合度,而非单纯记忆中文释义。
考点一 及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词与不及物动词的核心区别在于是否能直接接宾语以表达完整语义,这是中考语法填空、完形填空等题型的高频考点,需结合句式结构和语境精准判断。
类型
定义
高频例词
典型句式及解析
及物动词(vt.)
后面必须直接接宾语(名词、代词、动名词等),才能构成完整句意;若不带宾语,句子语义残缺,无法表达明确含义。
buy(买)、finish(完成)、reach(到达)、love(爱)、teach(教)、want(想要)、catch(抓住)
主谓宾:She finished her homework carefully.(她认真完成了作业。)—— 宾语“her homework”补充说明“完成”的对象,句子语义完整。
拓展句式:He taught us English last term.(他上学期教我们英语。)—— 双宾语结构(间接宾语us+直接宾语English),及物动词可接双宾语表动作对象和内容。
不及物动词(vi.)
后面不直接接宾语,单独作谓语即可表达完整语义;若需补充动作对象,必须在动词后加合适的介词,再接宾语,形成“不及物动词+介词+宾语”结构。
arrive(到达)、happen(发生)、run(跑)、sleep(睡觉)、agree(同意)、laugh(笑)、wait(等待)
主谓:The accident happened yesterday on the road.(事故昨天发生在路上。)—— 无宾语,“happened”单独作谓语,结合时间、地点状语即可表达完整含义。
主谓+介词+宾语:He arrived in Beijing at 9 a.m.(他上午9点到达了北京。)—— 接地点宾语“Beijing”时,需加介词“in”(大地点用in,小地点用at,如arrive at the station);She agreed to his idea after thinking.(她思考后同意了他的想法。)—— 接宾语“his idea”需加介词“to”。
【易混易错】
中考中常考查同一动词的及物/不及物两用性、不及物动词的介词搭配及及物动词的宾语缺失问题,需重点规避以下易错点:
1. 同一动词可作及物也可作不及物,语义可能不变或略有差异,需结合语境判断。如“study”,不及物(He studies hard every day. 他每天努力学习。—— 无宾语,侧重学习动作本身);及物(He studies English every day. 他每天学习英语。—— 有宾语,侧重学习的内容)。再如“read”,不及物(He reads quietly. 他安静地读书。);及物(He reads a novel every night. 他每晚读一本小说。),语义基本一致。
2. 不及物动词不可直接接宾语,需搭配固定介词,这是高频易错点。
易错点1:误说“arrive Beijing”(正确:arrive in Beijing),“arrive”为不及物动词,接大地点(城市、国家等)用“in”,接小地点(车站、机场等)用“at”;
易错点2:误说“agree his idea”(正确:agree to his idea),“agree”后接“建议、想法”用“to”,接人用“with”(agree with sb.),接计划、安排用“on”(agree on the plan);
易错点3:误说“wait me”(正确:wait for me),“wait”为不及物动词,必须搭配介词“for”才能接宾语。
3. 及物动词后必须接宾语,否则语义残缺,句子不成立。误说“She finished.”(正确:She finished the task on time. 她按时完成了任务。),“finish”为及物动词,需补充宾语说明“完成”的对象;再如误说“He bought.”(正确:He bought a book yesterday. 他昨天买了一本书。),“buy”作为及物动词,宾语不可省略。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏南京·月考)The movie Youth ________ my grandma ________ the life in the countryside.
A.reminds; of B.lets; down C.wakes; up D.helps; out
【答案】A
【解析】句意:电影《青春》让我的奶奶想起了乡村的生活。
考查动词短语辨析。reminds sb. of sth. 意为“使某人想起某事”;lets sb. down意为“让某人失望”;wakes sb. up意为“叫醒某人”;helps sb. out意为“帮助某人摆脱困境”。根据语境可知,此处是在描述电影《青春》让奶奶想起了乡村的生活,所以应该用reminds; of。故选A。
2.(23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期中)There is much useful information in the letter, and it is ________.
A.worth replying B.worth being replying to
C.worth replying to D.worth being replying
【答案】C
【解析】句意:信中有许多有用的信息,值得回复。
考查非谓语动词。reply是不及物动词,其后加介词to,排除AD选项;be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”,固定词组。故选C。
3.(23-24九年级上·江苏扬州·期中)Danny’s father moved to China _______. Two years later, he _________ Danny’s mother.
A.in his thirty; married to B.in his thirty’s; married
C.in his thirtieth; married to D.in his thirties; married
【答案】D
【解析】句意:丹尼的父亲在三十多岁时搬到中国。两年后,他娶了丹尼的母亲。
考查年龄段的表达和及物动词用法。“在某人几岁时”应表达为“in one’s+数字基数词复数”;marry是及物动词,表示“与某人结婚”时,后面通常直接跟宾语。故选D。
4.(23-24九年级下·江苏泰州·月考)She lives next to her friends, so she ________ go far if she ________ some help with her homework.
A.needn’t; needs to B.needn’t; needs
C.doesn’t need; needs D.doesn’t need to; need to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:她住在她朋友的隔壁,所以如果她在家庭作业上需要帮助,她不需要走很远。
考查need用法。need作实义动词,后接不定式,need作情态动词,后接动词原形。第一个空need是情态动词,后接动词原形,排除C和D;第二个空,need是实义动词,后直接接名词。故选B。
5.(22-23九年级上·江苏淮安·期末)If I don’t know ________, I will write to Sigmund Friend for help.
A.who to talk B.who to talk to C.who I should talk D.who should I talk to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果我不知道该和谁说话,我会写信给Sigmund Friend寻求帮助。
考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。根据“If I don’t know...”可知,此空成分是宾语,talk to sb“对某人说话”,talk是不及物动词,介词to不能省略,故AC错误;D选项是who引导的宾语从句,语序应该是陈述语序,故D错误。故选B。
考点二 连系动词
连系动词(Linking Verb)又称系动词,本身无完整实义,需连接主语和表语,说明主语的身份、状态、特征或变化,是中考单项选择、完形填空及书面表达的高频考点。不同类别连系动词的语义和搭配各有侧重,需分类精准识记。
重点动词用法解析
类别
核心含义
高频例词
典型例句及解析
be动词
表示“是、存在”,是最基础的连系动词,可用于描述主语的身份、属性、状态等,适用所有时态语境。
am, is, are, was, were
She is a teacher.(她是一名老师。)—— 描述身份,主语为第三人称单数,一般现在时用is。
They were in the classroom just now.(他们刚才在教室里。)—— 描述存在状态,一般过去时复数主语用were,后接介词短语作表语。
感官类
表示通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉感知到的主语特征,语义直观,需结合具体感官场景使用。
look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来/感觉)
The music sounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美妙。)—— 听觉感知,后接形容词作表语,体现音乐的特征。
The silk feels soft.(这块丝绸摸起来很柔软。)—— 触觉感知,feel此处为连系动词,而非实义动词“感觉”;He looks tired today.(他今天看起来很累。)—— 视觉感知,描述人的状态。
变化类
表示主语从一种状态向另一种状态的转变,侧重“变化过程”,后多接形容词、名词作表语,部分动词搭配有特殊规则。
become(变得,强调结果)、turn(变成,侧重颜色/性质突变)、get(变得,口语化,表逐渐变化)、grow(变得,侧重逐渐发展)、go(变得,多接消极形容词)
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(树叶在秋天变黄。)—— 颜色突变,turn后直接接颜色名词,不加冠词。
He became a doctor after graduation.(他毕业后成为了一名医生。)—— 身份变化,become后接可数名词需加冠词;The weather is getting colder.(天气变得越来越冷了。)—— 逐渐变化,口语中常用get+形容词结构。
状态类
表示主语保持或维持某种稳定状态,不强调变化,后多接形容词、介词短语作表语,语义相对稳定。
keep(保持,强调主动维持)、stay(保持,侧重持续状态)、remain(保持,较正式,表客观持续)
Keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆保持安静。)—— 主动维持安静状态,后接形容词作表语。
She stayed healthy by exercising every day.(她通过每天锻炼保持健康。)—— 持续健康状态;The problem remains unsolved.(这个问题仍未解决。)—— 正式语境,客观描述状态持续。
【用法规则】
连系动词的用法规则是中考易错点集中区域,需牢记“系动+表语”核心结构,规避语法错误,同时结合语境灵活运用。
1.连系动词后接表语,表语通常为形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式等,不可直接接副词(高频易错点)。
易错点解析:误说“The cake tastes well”,正确表达为“The cake tastes good”。此处well作副词时表“好地”,仅能修饰实义动词;作形容词时仅表“身体好”,如“He feels well.(他身体很好。)”,描述食物、物品特征需用形容词作表语。
拓展例句:The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)—— 形容词interesting作表语,而非副词interestingly。
感官类连系动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)无被动语态,也不可用于进行时(中考高频考点)。
易错点解析:误说“The flower is smelling sweet”,正确表达为“The flower smells sweet.(这朵花闻起来很香。)”。此类动词本身已体现“感知状态”,无需用进行时强调动作正在进行;同时因是感官自然属性,无被动形式,不可说“The music is sounded beautiful.”。
特殊提醒:feel作实义动词“触摸、感觉”时,可用于进行时和被动语态,如“She is feeling the cloth.(她正在摸这块布。)”,需结合语义区分词性。
3.变化类连系动词中,不同动词的名词搭配规则不同,需精准记忆(易错点)。具体规则:
① turn后接颜色名词时不加冠词,如turn red(变红)、turn black(变黑),若接职业名词也不加冠词,如turn teacher(成为老师);
② become后接名词(无论是职业、身份还是类别名词),需根据名词单复数加冠词,如become a doctor(成为一名医生)、become an engineer(成为一名工程师);
③ go后多接消极意义的形容词,如go bad(变质)、go blind(失明),而become可接积极或消极形容词,如become successful(变得成功)、become sad(变得难过)。
1.(24-25七年级上·江苏徐州·月考)The glasses in this shop ______ often expensive, but this pair of glasses ________ cheap.
A.are; are B.are; is C.is; is D.is; are
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这家商店的眼镜通常都很贵,但这副眼镜很便宜。
考查主谓一致。本句是由but连接的两个句子构成。前一句中主语glasses意为“眼镜”,以复数形式呈现,指这家商店的多数眼镜,本句采用一般现在时,be动词要用are。后一句主语pair为单数,指这副眼镜,be动词要用is。故选B。
2.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
A.was B.is C.has been D.will be
【答案】A
【解析】句意:润扬大桥在2005年投入使用,并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。
考查句子时态。was一般过去时;is一般现在时;has been现在完成时;will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知,此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役,应使用一般过去时。故选A。
3.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)—______ you free this weekend?
—Yes, but I need to look after my little sister.
A.Do B.Are C.Did D.Will
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这周末你有空吗?——是的,但是我需要照顾我的小妹妹。
考查be动词。此处是结构be free“有空”,变一般疑问句时把be动词提前。故选B。
4.(24-25九年级下·江苏无锡·月考)Look! Between the two trees ________ a young boy.
A.is B.are C.lie D.are lying
【答案】A
【解析】句意:看啊!两棵树之间有一个小男孩。
考查主谓一致。句子为倒装句,a young boy为主语,谓语应用单数形式,选项A符合。故选A。
5.(24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·月考)_________ the teachers in our school is about 100, and half of them _________women teachers.
A.A number of; is B.The number of; is C.The number of; are D.A number of; are
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们学校老师的人数约为100,其中一半是女老师。
考查主谓一致。a number of许多;the number of……的数量。根据“is about 100”可知第一空应用the number of表示“……的数量”,排除选项A和D;half of them作主语时,be动词用are。故选C。
考点三 助动词
助动词(Auxiliary Verb)本身无完整实义,不能单独作谓语,需与实义动词、分词(现在分词、过去分词)搭配使用,核心作用是构建时态、语态、疑问句、否定句,或替代前文实义动词避免重复。中考中常结合时态、语态综合考查助动词的选用,需精准掌握各类助动词的功能场景及搭配规则。
重点动词用法解析
助动词
核心功能
用法解析
be (am/is/are/was/were)
1. 构成进行时(be+现在分词doing):强调动作在某一时刻或时间段正在进行,需根据主语人称、数及时态选择对应的be动词形式;2. 构成被动语态(be+过去分词done):表示主语承受某一动作,被动语态的时态由be动词的形式决定,过去分词需与主语单复数一致,且注意不规则动词的过去分词变化。
He is reading a book in the library now.(现在进行时,主语He为第三人称单数,用is+reading,强调当前正在进行的动作,中考常结合时间状语now、at the moment考查);The letter was sent to my parents yesterday.(一般过去时被动语态,主语The letter为单数,用was+sent,send的过去分词为不规则变化sent,中考高频考点为不规则动词过去分词及被动语态时态匹配)。
do/does/did
1. 构成一般现在时/一般过去时的疑问句、否定句:一般现在时中,主语为第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do;一般过去时统一用did,后接实义动词原形;2. 替代前文实义动词,避免重复:用于肯定句时需搭配so/neither/nor,表“也/也不”,结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词+主语”,助动词的时态、人称需与前文一致。
Do you like drinking coffee in the morning?(一般现在时疑问句,主语you为第二人称,用do引导,后接实义动词like原形);She doesn’t know the answer to this question.(一般现在时否定句,主语She为第三人称单数,用doesn’t+know原形,中考易错点为第三人称单数否定句漏加doesn’t或实义动词变复数);He works hard at his lessons, and so do I.(替代前文实义动词works,用do匹配前文一般现在时,主语I为第一人称,表“我也一样”,中考常考替代结构的倒装用法)。
have/has/had
核心功能为构成完成时:1. 现在完成时(have/has+过去分词):主语为第三人称单数用has,其余人称用have,强调动作从过去持续到现在,或对现在造成影响,常与already、yet、for、since等时间状语搭配;2. 过去完成时(had+过去分词):无人称变化,强调动作发生在过去某一动作之前,即“过去的过去”,常与before、by the end of last year等时间状语连用,是中考难点考点。
I have finished my homework already.(现在完成时,用have+finished,already提示动作已完成,对现在的影响是可以休息了,中考常结合时间状语辨析时态);They had left the classroom before the teacher came.(过去完成时,用had+left,left发生在came之前,体现“过去的过去”,中考易错点为混淆一般过去时与过去完成时的时间逻辑)。
will/shall
构成一般将来时:will无人称限制,可用于所有人称,表客观将来、意愿或预测;shall多用于第一人称(I/we),语气较委婉,常用于征求对方意见或提出建议,现代英语中shall的用法逐渐简化,第一人称也可通用will,中考重点考查will的基本用法及shall的征求意见场景。
We will visit the history museum tomorrow morning.(一般将来时,will+visit,tomorrow提示将来时间,表客观计划);Shall we go to the park together this weekend?(第一人称征求意见,语气委婉,答语常用Good idea./Yes, let’s.等,中考常考shall开头疑问句的应答方式)。
【易混易错】
助动词的易错点集中在“功能区分”“搭配规则”“时态一致性”三大方面,均为中考高频丢分点,需逐一突破:
1.助动词不可单独作谓语,需与实义动词、分词搭配构成复合谓语,这是核心原则。
易错点解析:误将连系动词be当作助动词,如“He is late.”中,is为连系动词,单独作谓语,后接形容词late作表语,构成“主系表”结构,而非助动词;再如“She was happy.”中was同样是连系动词,区别于助动词be(如She was reading a book.中was为助动词,与reading搭配构成进行时)。
判断技巧:看be动词后接的是形容词/名词(连系动词),还是现在分词/过去分词(助动词)。
2.do/does/did作为助动词时,后接的实义动词必须用原形,这是中考最易失分的基础考点。
易错点解析:误说“He doesn’t likes apples.”,正确表达为“He doesn’t like apples.”,does已体现第三人称单数和一般现在时,实义动词like需用原形;类似错误还有“She didn’t went to school yesterday.”,正确为“She didn’t go to school yesterday.”,did后接go原形。
拓展提醒:do/does/did也可作实义动词,表“做”,此时可单独作谓语,如“He does his homework every day.”中does为实义动词,表“做”,第三人称单数需变形式。
3.have/has既可以作助动词,也可以作实义动词,需结合语境精准区分,避免用法混淆。当have/has表“拥有”时,作实义动词,否定句和疑问句有两种形式:
① 口语化表达:don’t/doesn’t have(否定句)、Do/Does...have...(疑问句),如“I don’t have a pen.”“Does she have a bag?”;
② 正式表达(较少用):have/has not(否定句)、Have/Has...(疑问句),如“He has not a car.”。当have/has作助动词时,仅用于构成完成时,无实际语义,否定句直接在have/has后加not(haven’t/hasn’t),疑问句将have/has提前,如“I haven’t finished my work.”“Has he arrived yet?”。
中考常考查两种用法的辨析,尤其注意实义动词have的否定句不可直接加not(误说“I have not a pen.”,口语中更常用“I don’t have a pen.”)。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考)—I have little time for my hobbies because of too much homework.
—________ .
A.So have I B.So do I C.Neither have I D.Neither do I
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——因为作业太多,我几乎没有时间用于我的爱好。——我也一样没有时间。
考查倒装句。根据前文“I have little time for my hobbies because of too much homework.”可知,little表示否定含义,因此这是一个否定陈述。在英语中,回应否定陈述时,应使用“neither+助动词+主语”的结构,且原句中的have是实义动词,而非助动词,因此助动词需用do。故选D。
2.(2025九年级上·江苏镇江·专题练习)—I’ve never seen such an amazing invention!
—________. It really changes the way we learn history.
A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So have I D.Neither have I
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我从没见过这么神奇的发明!——我也没见过。它真的改变了我们学习历史的方式。
考查倒装句用法。“So+助动词+主语”表示“某人也如此(用于肯定句)”;“Neither+助动词+主语”表示“某人也不(用于否定句)”。原句“I’ve never seen...”是现在完成时的否定句,助动词用have,因此用“Neither have I”,故选D。
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考)—I don’t like short videos on social media.
—________. Watching them is a waste of time.
A.So do I B.So will I C.Neither do I D.Neither will I
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我不喜欢社交媒体上的短视频。——我也不喜欢。看它们是浪费时间。
考查倒装句。根据“I don’t like short videos on social media.”以及“Watching them is a waste of time”可知,此处观点和对方说的观点一样,而第一个句子为否定句,所以使用“Neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”结构,表示“和对方一样也不……”,此处时态为一般现在时,应使用“Neither do I”。故选C。
4.(22-23九年级上·江苏扬州·期末)—You know much about the film. You saw it not long ago?
—Yes. I ________ see it yesterday. It’s wonderful.
A.didn’t B.did C.do D.have
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你对这部电影了解很多。你不久前看到了吗?——是的。我昨天确实看了。太棒了。
考查一般过去时。由“yesterday”可知,句子为一般过去时,排除C和D;did在这里表示强调昨天确实去看了那部电影。故选B。
5.(2022·江苏苏州·一模)________ not only Simon’ s car but also his friends’ cars ________ last night?
A.Did; break down B.Was; broke down C.Is; broke down D.Were; break down
【答案】A
【解析】句意:昨晚不仅西蒙的车,而且他朋友的车也抛锚了吗?
考查助动词的用法和一般过去时的一般疑问句。did做,干,办某事,助动词(do的过去式);break down(机器或车辆)发生故障,出毛病,break的过去式为broke;is 是,be动词的第三人称单数现在时形式;was是,be的第一和第三人称单数过去式;were是,be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式;break down是实义动词短语,根据时间状语“last night”可知,句子应是一般过去时,动词是实义动词,故疑问句的助动词应是did,同时句子变疑问,动词要恢复原形。故选A。
考点四 情态动词
情态动词(Modal Verb)本身有一定语义,但不能单独作谓语,需后接实义动词原形构成复合谓语,核心用于表达能力、许可、推测、义务、建议等语气。中考中常结合语境考查情态动词的语义辨析、否定式、疑问句及特殊用法,需精准掌握每类情态动词的核心规则及易错点。
重点动词用法解析
情态动词
核心用法
例句
can
1. 表能力:能、会;2. 表许可:可以(口语化,非正式);3. 表推测:可能(仅用于否定句/疑问句,语气肯定);4. 表请求:能,可以(口语)
1. She can play the piano very well.(能力);2. Can we eat in the classroom?(许可);3. He can't be late—he always gets up early.(否定推测);4. Can you pass me the book?(请求)
could
1. can的过去式:表过去的能力/许可;2. 表委婉请求:可以(比can更礼貌,时态不表过去);3. 表推测:可能(比can语气更弱,仅否定/疑问)
1. He could swim when he was five.(过去能力);2. Could you tell me the way to the park?(委婉请求);3. Could she be at the library?(疑问推测)
may
1. 表许可:可以(正式,比can礼貌);2. 表推测:可能(仅用于肯定句,可能性中等);3. 表祝愿:愿(固定结构:May+主语+动词原形)
1. May I ask you a question?(正式许可);2. It may rain this evening, so take an umbrella.(肯定推测);3. May you have a good trip!(祝愿)
might
1. may的过去式:表过去的许可/推测;2. 表推测:可能(比may可能性更弱,仅肯定句);3. 表委婉请求:可以(比may更礼貌,较少用)
1. She might go to the cinema yesterday, I'm not sure.(过去推测);2. He might not come to the party—he's busy.(肯定句表轻微否定推测);3. Might I borrow your dictionary?(委婉请求)
must
1. 表义务:必须,应当(主观意愿/说话人要求);2. 表推测:一定,肯定(仅用于肯定句,语气最强,近乎确定)
1. You must finish your homework before watching TV.(主观义务);2. The light is on, so he must be at home.(肯定推测,语气最强)
have to
表义务:必须,不得不(客观要求/外界规则,有人称、时态变化,非纯情态动词)
1. We have to wear school uniforms at school.(客观规则);2. She had to stay at home because she was ill.(过去式);3. They will have to get up early tomorrow.(将来时)
should
1. 表建议:应该(提客观/合理建议,中考高频);2. 表责任/义务:应当(比must语气弱);3. 表推测:应该(按常理推断,可能性高)
1. You should drink more water when you have a cold.(建议);2. We should help the old people.(责任);3. The train should arrive in ten minutes.(常理推测)
ought to
表应该/应当(与should用法基本一致,语气稍正式,后接to do,中考偶考)
1. You ought to listen to your parents' advice.(建议);2. He ought to finish the work on time.(义务)
will
1. 表意愿:愿意,要;2. 表请求/邀请:会(口语,用于第二人称);3. 表预测:会,将要(客观趋势,比be going to更正式)
1. I will help you with your English.(意愿);2. Will you come to my birthday party?(邀请);3. The sun will rise in the east.(客观预测)
would
1. will的过去式:表过去的意愿/预测;2. 表委婉请求/邀请:会(比will更礼貌,时态不表过去);3. 表习惯性动作:过去常常(可与used to互换)
1. He said he would go to Beijing.(过去意愿);2. Would you like a cup of tea?(委婉邀请);3. She would walk to school when she was a student.(过去习惯)
need
1. 情态动词:需要(仅用于否定句/疑问句,后接动词原形,中考高频);2. 实义动词:需要(可用于所有句式,后接to do,有人称变化)
1. You needn't worry about me.(情态动词,否定);2. Need I go there at once?(情态动词,疑问);3. I need to finish the work today.(实义动词)
shall
1. 表征求意见:……好吗?(用于第一、三人称疑问句,中考情景交际考点);2. 表命令/规定:必须,应当(用于第二、三人称,正式)
1. Shall we go for a walk after dinner?(征求第一人称意见);2. Shall he wait for you at the gate?(征求第三人称意见);3. You shall obey the school rules.(规定/命令)
had better
表建议:最好(后接动词原形,否定式:had better not do,中考情景交际高频)
1. You had better get up early to catch the bus.(肯定建议);2. You had better not play computer games for too long.(否定建议)
【难点突破】情态动词表推测
情态动词表推测是中考核心难点,需结合句式(肯定/否定/疑问)、语气强度及语境精准选择,不同情态动词的推测语气差异明显,且有固定用法限制,需逐一掌握。
1. 肯定句推测:语气强度从强到弱为 must(极有可能,概率90%以上,基于明确证据或逻辑)> should/ought to(理应如此,概率70%-80%,基于常理或约定)> may/might(可能,概率50%左右,语气不确定,仅表潜在可能性)。
例:
He must be ill—he didn’t come to school.(有明确证据,用must)
The train should arrive on time.(基于时刻表,用should);It might rain this evening.(无明确依据,仅猜测,用might)。
2.否定句推测:语气强度从强到弱为 can’t(不可能,概率0%,基于证据否定可能性)> may not(可能不,概率50%以下,语气委婉,仅表不确定的否定推测)。
易错点:不可用mustn’t表推测否定,mustn’t仅表“禁止”。示例:It can’t be his bag—his is blue.(有明确证据否定,用can’t);He may not come to the party—he is busy.(不确定的否定,用may not)。
3. 疑问句推测:仅能用can(可能,概率不确定),不可用must/may/might,这是中考高频易错点。
易错点:误说“Must he be there?”(正确:Can he be there?);误说“May she know the answer?”(正确:Can she know the answer?)。
例:
— Can he be in the library?(疑问句推测,用can)
— He must be there—he always reads there after school.(肯定句用must回应,语气一致)。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)—In modern education, we should ______ acquire knowledge ______ develop practical skills.
—In fact, we ______ care too much about both.
A.not only; but also; can’t B.both; and; must
C.either; or; can’t D.neither; nor; must
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——在现代教育中,我们不仅应该获取知识,还应该发展实践技能。——事实上,这两点我们再怎么重视都不为过。
考查并列连词辨析及情态动词用法。not only…but also…不仅……而且……;both…and…两者都;either…or…要么……要么……;neither…nor…既不……也不……;can’t不能;must必须。根据“we should...acquire knowledge...develop practical skills”可知,前半句强调“获取知识”和“发展实践技能”两者都需要,应使用表示并列且强调两者的结构,排除C(二选一)和D(两者都不);根据“In fact, we...care too much about both.”可知,can’t +动词原形+否定词表达“再……也不为过”,故选A。
2.(25-26九年级上·江苏淮安·月考)My sister didn’t answer my phone. I guess she ________ be busy with the meeting.
A.must B.would C.should D.might
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我姐姐没有接我的电话。我猜她可能在忙着开会。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;would会;should应该;might可能。根据“My sister didn’t answer my phone.”可知,说话者基于事实 (未接电话) 进行推测,但“I guess”表明这是一种不确定的猜测,而非肯定结论,因此需用表示可能性较小的情态动词might。must表示高度肯定,would常用于意愿或条件句,should强调义务或预期,均不符合语境。故选D。
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考)With homework done, many primary school students are happy to find that they ________ do many more after-school activities.
A.should B.must C.can D.might
【答案】C
【解析】句意:作业完成后,许多小学生高兴地发现他们能够做更多的课外活动。
考查情态动词辨析。should应该;must必须;can能够;might可能。根据“With homework done”可知,作业已完成,学生们因此感到高兴,这表示他们现在有时间或机会,有能力进行更多课外活动,强调“能够”的含义。故选C。
4.(25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考)—Do you have any plans for the winter holiday?
—I’m not sure. I ________ take a trip to Beijing.
A.need B.must C.might D.can
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你有寒假计划吗?——我不确定。我可能去北京旅行。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要;must必须;might可能;can能。根据答语“I’m not sure.”可知,计划未定,需要使用表示可能性的情态动词,强调不确定性。故选C。
5.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期中)—Pride and Prejudice is the best novel I’ve ever read in the past two years.
—I think so. You _________ think too highly of it.
A.can B.should C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——《傲慢与偏见》是我过去两年里读过的最好的小说。——我也这么认为。你再怎么高度评价它都不为过。
考查情态动词辨析。can能够;should应该;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据对话语境,第二人同意第一人的正面评价,强调小说非常优秀。can’t...too...意为“再……也不为过”,固定结构,符合此处“对这本书的评价再高也不为过”的语境。故选C。
考点五 动词短语
动词短语是中考完形填空、阅读理解及书面表达的核心考点,其由“核心动词+介词/副词”构成,语义具有整体性和固定性,需分类识记、结合语境灵活运用。以下聚焦中考最常考的四大核心动词,拓展高频短语及用法细节,助力精准掌握。
高频动词短语用法例析
核心动词
高频短语及语义(中考重点标注★)
例句及语境解析
take
★ take care of(照顾、照料,同义于look after);★ take place(发生,无被动语态,侧重有计划、有组织的发生);take place of(取代、代替);★ take part in(参加,侧重参与集体活动、会议、比赛等,后接活动类名词);take an active part in(积极参加);★ take off(起飞;脱下,后接衣物类名词);take out(取出、拿出);take away(拿走、带走);take up(占据时间/空间;开始学习/从事)
She takes care of her grandma carefully every day.(照顾,日常场景,书面表达高频句);The plane will take off in 10 minutes. Please hurry up.(起飞,交通场景,完形填空常考)
The sports meeting will take place next Friday.(发生、举行,无被动语态,中考易错点:不可说“The sports meeting will be taken place”);He took up painting when he retired.(开始从事,兴趣场景,侧重新技能的开启)。
put
★ put on(穿上,强调动作;上演,后接戏剧、节目等);★ put up(张贴,后接海报、通知等;搭建,后接帐篷、房屋等临时建筑);★ put off(推迟,后接会议、活动等,同义于delay);★ put away(收好、整理,侧重将物品归位);put down(放下;写下、记录);put out(扑灭,后接火焰、火灾等;熄灭,后接灯光等);put up with(忍受、容忍,口语化,后接人或事物)
Put on your coat before going out. It’s cold outside.(穿上,动作类场景,区别于wear的状态);They put up a notice on the wall to remind students of the rules.(张贴,校园场景,高频考点)
We had to put off the meeting because the manager was ill.(推迟,职场/校园场景,中考常考搭配);The firemen quickly put out the big fire.(扑灭,安全场景,注意put的过去式、过去分词均为put)。
look
★ look for(寻找,强调动作过程,区别于find的结果);★ look after(照顾、照料,同义于take care of,可接人或动物);★ look forward to(期待,后接名词、代词或动名词,中考易错点:to为介词,不可接动词原形);★ look up(查阅,后接字典、资料等;抬头看,接事物);look at(看,强调动作对象);look out(小心、注意,口语化提醒);look through(浏览,后接书籍、报纸等)
I’m looking for my key everywhere, but I can’t find it.(寻找,强调过程,与find形成对比,中考常考辨析);She looks up new words in the dictionary when she meets them.(查阅,学习场景,高频用法)
We are looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.(期待,to后接动名词visiting,中考易错点:避免误写为“look forward to visit”);Look out! There’s a car coming.(小心,提醒场景,口语化表达)。
get
★ get up(起床,日常场景基础短语);★ get on(上车,后接公交车、火车等大型交通工具;相处融洽,后接with sb.);★ get off(下车,对应get on;离开,后接地点);★ get along with(与……相处,同义于get on with,后接人,可加well/badly修饰);get to(到达,后接地点名词,接副词时省略to,如get here/there);get ready for(为……做准备);get rid of(摆脱、除去);get used to(习惯于,后接名词、代词或动名词)
He gets up early every day to exercise.(起床,日常习惯表达,书面表达常用);She gets along well with her classmates, so she is very popular.(相处融洽,校园场景,加well修饰状态)
We will get to Beijing tomorrow morning.(到达,后接地点名词Beijing);She can’t get used to living in the north.(习惯于,to为介词,后接动名词living,中考易错点)。
【注意事项】
动词短语的用法差异是中考丢分重灾区,需重点掌握及物性、语义整体性、语境依赖性三大核心规则,规避常见错误。
1.及物性:动词短语按是否可接宾语分为及物性和不及物性,需精准区分,避免搭配错误。
① 及物性短语:可直接接宾语,部分短语接宾语时需注意位置(核心易错点)。如look after sb.(照顾某人)、put up a poster(张贴海报),此类短语宾语为名词时,可放在短语末尾;若宾语为代词(it/them等),必须放在动词与介词/副词之间,不可放在末尾。
易错示例:误说“put on it”(正确:put it on,穿上它)、误说“look up it”(正确:look it up,查阅它)、误说“put away them”(正确:put them away,收好它们)。
② 不及物性短语:不可直接接宾语,语义本身完整,若需补充范围或对象,需加介词。如take place(发生)、break out(爆发)、come true(实现)
中考易错点:误说“take place a meeting”(正确:a meeting takes place 或 hold a meeting),此类短语无被动语态,也不可接宾语。
语义整体性:动词短语的语义并非核心动词与介词/副词语义的简单叠加,多数需整体记忆,不可逐词翻译,否则会造成理解偏差。
中考高频示例:take place不可译为“拿走地方”,整体义为“发生、举行”;look forward to不可译为“向前看”,整体义为“期待”;take care of不可译为“拿走关心”,整体义为“照顾”;get along with不可译为“得到沿着”,整体义为“与……相处”。
记忆技巧:结合例句场景记忆整体语义,同时关联核心动词的基础义辅助理解,如look up中“up”有“向上”含义,“查阅字典”时需抬头翻找,可辅助记忆“查阅”语义。
语境依赖性:同一动词短语在不同语境中可能有多种语义,需结合上下文精准判断,这是完形填空的高频考法。
中考高频多义短语及辨析:
① take off:表“起飞”时,语境多与飞机、航班相关(The plane takes off at 9 a.m.);表“脱下”时,语境多与衣物相关(Take off your hat in the room.)。
② put on:表“穿上”时,搭配衣物(put on a sweater);表“上演”时,搭配戏剧、节目(put on a play)。
③ get on:表“上车”时,搭配交通工具(get on the bus);表“相处融洽”时,搭配人(get on well with friends)。
④ look up:表“查阅”时,搭配字典、资料(look up words in the dictionary);表“抬头看”时,搭配事物(look up at the sky)。解题技巧:完形填空中遇到多义短语,可根据前后文的名词、场景提示锁定语义。
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·月考)A serious fire ________ in Hong Kong on the afternoon of November 26, 2025 and the fire has caused 159 deaths.
A.broke out B.broke off C.broke up D.broke down
【答案】A
【解析】句意:2025年11月26日下午,香港发生了一场严重的火灾,这场火灾已造成159人死亡。
考查动词短语辨析。broke out爆发,常用于火灾、战争等突发事件的起始;broke off中断,指突然停止;broke up解散,指群体分离;broke down故障,指机械或身体崩溃。根据“A serious fire”可知火灾是“爆发”的,故选A。
2.(25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考)To improve English, my friend Jack always ________ to do some extra exercises.
A.puts up B.looks up C.stays up D.comes up
【答案】C
【解析】句意:为了提高英语,我的朋友杰克总是熬夜做一些额外的练习。
考查动词短语辨析。puts up张贴,搭建;looks up查阅,抬头看;stays up熬夜;comes up出现,发生,被提及。根据“to do some extra exercises”以及常识可知,熬夜(利用晚上时间)做额外的练习是常见的努力方式。stays up“熬夜”,符合此语境。故选C。
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏南通·月考)They ________ after their graduation. They ________ for five years.
A.married; have married B.got married; have been married
C.married; have been marrying D.got married; have married
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他们毕业后结婚了。他们已经结婚五年了。
考查动词时态和用法。第一个空“after their graduation”表示过去动作,可用“married”或“got married”表示结婚的动作;第二个空“for five years”表示持续状态,需用现在完成时“have been married”表示结婚状态持续至今。选项A的“have married”(动作完成)不能表示状态持续;选项C的“have been marrying”(结婚动作进行中)不符合逻辑,因“marry”是瞬间动词;选项D的“have married”同样不能与时间段连用。故选B。
4.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)—I feel so stressed about the coming exams. I’m afraid I can’t do well.
—Don’t be so worried. You should ______ and believe in yourself. I’m sure you will make it.
A.break up B.stay up C.cheer up D.give up
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——对于即将到来的考试我感到压力很大。我担心自己考不好。——别这么担心。你应该振作起来,相信自己。我相信你一定会成功的。
考查动词短语辨析。break up打碎,分手;stay up熬夜;cheer up振作起来;give up放弃。根据“Don’t be so worried. You should...and believe in yourself. I’m sure you will make it.”可知,此处是在安慰对方不要担心,要振作起来,相信自己,所以应该用cheer up。故选C。
5.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期中)—With 2026 coming, what would you like to say to yourself in 2025?
—I’m happy that I didn’t ________ on the way and finally found what I truly want.
A.give up B.give away C.give in D.give out
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——随着2026年的到来,你想对2025年的自己说些什么?——我很高兴我没有中途放弃,最终找到了我真正想要的。
考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;give away赠送;give in屈服;give out分发。根据“finally found what I truly want”可知,最终找到了真正想要的东西,说明中途没有放弃。故选A。
考点六 易混动词(短语)辨析
高频易混动词举例分析
易混动词对
核心差异
例句
borrow / lend
borrow(借入):borrow sth. from sb.;lend(借出):lend sth. to sb.
I borrowed a book from the library.;She lent her pen to me.
bring / take
bring(带来,向说话者方向);take(带走,远离说话者方向)
Bring your homework here.;Take this bag to your room.
cost / spend / pay
cost(物作主语,花费金钱);spend(人作主语,spend...on sth./doing sth.);pay(人作主语,pay for sth.)
The book costs 20 yuan.;I spend 2 hours reading every day.;She paid for the meal.
高频易混动词短语举例分析
易混短语对
核心差异
例句
look for / find
look for(寻找,强调过程);find(找到,强调结果)
I looked for my key everywhere.;Finally, I found it on the desk.
put on / wear
put on(穿上,强调动作);wear(穿着,强调状态)
He put on his coat and went out.;She wears a red dress today.
take care of / look after
语义相近,均可表“照顾”,take care of更口语化,look after稍正式;take care of还可表“处理”
She looks after her brother.;He took care of the problem.
1.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)—How could you ________ so late? We are worried about you.
—Sorry, Mum. I promise I will come back before six o’clock.
A.stay up B.stay away C.stay in D.stay out
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你怎么能在外面待到这么晚?我们都很担心你。——对不起,妈妈。我保证六点前回来。
考查动词短语辨析。stay up熬夜;stay away离开;stay in待在……里面;stay out待在外面,不回家。根据“We are worried about you.”和“I promise I will come back before six o’clock.”可知,妈妈担心孩子在外面待到太晚,所以孩子保证六点前回来,因此此处应该用stay out。故选D。
2.(25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期中)The teachers hope all of us can hand ________ our homework ________ time.
A.up; in B.out; on C.on; in D.in; on
【答案】D
【解析】句意:老师们希望我们所有人都能按时交作业。
考查动词短语及介词搭配。hand in上交;on time按时。hand in our homework on time意为“按时交作业”。故选D。
3.(25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)We all know the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, and for eight years.
A.was broken out; was lasted B.was broken out; lasted
C.broke out; was lasted D.broke out; lasted
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们都知道抗日战争于1937年爆发,并持续了八年。
考查动词的语态。was broken out表述错误;broke out爆发,不及物动词短语,无被动语态;was lasted表述错误;lasted持续,不及物动词短语,无被动语态。根据“in 1937”可知,该句为一般过去时,谓语用动词的过去式,且“break out”和“last”均为不及物动词短语,只能用主动语态,不能用被动语态。故选D。
4.(25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·月考)—Have you decided where to spend your winter holiday?
—Not yet. We will vote ________ it this evening.
A.for B.against C.by D.on
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你们决定好去哪里过寒假了吗?——还没有。我们今晚将对此进行投票。
考查介词辨析。for为了;against反对;by通过;on关于。根据“We will vote...it this evening.”可知,此处指的是关于去哪里过寒假这件事进行投票,vote on“对……进行表决,对……进行投票”,所以此处应用介词on。故选D。
5.(25-26九年级上·江苏淮安·月考)The football match in Huai’an ________ to be more exciting than we thought.
A.turned out B.worked out C.put out D.found out
【答案】A
【解析】句意:淮安的这场足球比赛结果比我们想象的还要精彩。
考查动词短语。turned out结果是;worked out算出;put out扑灭;found out查明。根据“to be more exciting than we thought”可知,此处指比赛的结果超出预期,故选A。
一、单项选择
1.Visitors ________ take photos when admiring artworks in the museum, or they will be asked to leave.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.shouldn’t
2.The children were made ________ at home all day by the heavy rain.
A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying
3.The earthquake ________ ________.
A.happened; all of a sudden B.took place; on July
C.was happened; at 1878 D.was taken place; at the end
4.Could you please ________ me ________?
A.telling, how can I get to school B.to tell, how I can get to school
C.tell, how I can get to school D.tell, how can I get to school
5.You’d better ________ depend on your dictionary all the time. Try to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
A.not B.don’t C.to not D.not to
6.Frank ________ be interested in Chinese folk music, for he has spent 20 years studying it.
A.must B.mustn’t C.could D.couldn’t
7.You’d better ________ long hours in the office. Go out and have a rest for a while.
A.not work B.not to work C.don’t work D.not to working
8.You had better ________ enough sleep and rest to maintain your memory.
A.have B.to have C.not have D.not to have
9.Look! The light in Mr. Zhang’s office is still on. He ________ for tomorrow’s meeting.
A.must work B.must be working C.can work D.should be working
10.In spite of the opportunities as well as benefits, I ________ admit that the idea of studying abroad scares me.
A.need B.can C.have to D.ought
11.The long journey, coupled with the bad weather, ________ everyone exhausted.
A.made B.let C.had D.left
12.________ students at our school ________ nearly 1000.
A.The number of, is B.The number of, are
C.A number of, is D.A number of, are
13.—In class, our teacher always suggests us ________ in groups to make the task less difficult.
—It ________ be practical and interesting.
A.to discuss; can B.discussing; must C.discussed; should D.discuss; may
14.Everyone in our class, including the teacher, ________ excited about the coming sports meeting at the moment.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
15.Here is a box full of bananas. You can ________ it and put your books in.
A.throw B.bring C.sell D.empty
16.She doesn’t much care for a car, ________?
A.is she B.does she C.doesn’t she D.did she
17.Students should pay attention to ________ the teacher in class.
A.listening B.listening to C.listen D.listen to
18.—Who broke that window?
—I ________.
A.do B.did C.had D.broke
19.—Hurry up. The bus is coming.
—Oh, no. We mustn’t ________ the street ________ the traffic lights are green.
A.across; after B.through; since C.across; while D.cross; until
20.This song ________ very beautiful. Many people like listening to it.
A.sounds B.feels C.smells D.tastes
21.Since Damin is strong enough to control his raft in the river, he ________ any help.
A.doesn’t need B.doesn’t need to C.needs to D.needs
22.Don’t let your son ________ computer games for a long time.
A.play B.playing C.to play D.played
23.—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend?
—Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
24.The window is broken. We should ________ soon.
A.make it fixed B.have it fixed C.get fixed it D.having it fix
25.Will you please ________ water for me? I’m thirsty.
A.bring some B.take some C.to bring some D.to take some
26.He refused ________ the paper because the terms were unfair to his country.
A.sign B.signing C.to sign D.to signing
27.When you are in trouble, a friend who ________ from you is not a true one.
A.takes away B.puts away C.runs away D.throws away
28.The most relaxing thing for me is ________ a fashion magazine on the sofa and listening to some light music.
A.looking at B.looking through C.looking around D.looking for
29.Peter ________ drink coffee, but now he ________ milk.
A.used to be; is used to drinking B.used to; is used to drink
C.is used to; is used to drink D.used to; is used to drinking
30.Smith ________ the men in his class ________ two teams and taught them to play his new game.
A.across; form B.divided; into C.stopped; from D.poured; into
二、单词拼写
31.The novel which (write) by Mo Yan is widely read.
32.Let the notice on the wall (warn) the workers of the new security rules.
33.Not only my parents but also I (be) Zhong Nanshan’s fans.
34.The box is empty. I think someone must (take) the thing in it.
35.This serious matter needs (deal) with at once.
36.—Would you like to go to Taihu Bay Music Festival?
—I’d like to, but I have to finish my homework first. Can you have it (record)?
37.—Tom, could I borrow your e-book?
—Sorry, Mike. I (use) it. Wait a moment.
38.The workers are made (work) 12 hours every day.
39.The music is so loud that it can (hear) from a long way away.
40.You had better (hurry). There is still enough time to go to school.
41.We students should learn how (protect) ourselves at school.
42.I must improve my writing (able) because I want to become a writer.
43.Joining an English club can improve your (speak) English.
44. (do) outdoor activities can help students improve their abilities and skills.
45.Some wild animals may (appear) forever if we don’t stop hunting them.
46.You’d better (not share) your personal information online.
47.Arguing cannot (address) your problem.
48.You’d better (repair) the house and mend the hole as soon as possible.
49.Who would you (suggestion) for the position after the interview?
50.Before you visit someone, you’d better (call) him or her ahead of time.
三、完成句子
51.他无法决定如何处理这笔钱。
He couldn’t about what to do with the money.
52.选择正确的自行车必须取决于你想用它来做什么。
Choosing the right bike must what you want to use it for.
53.通过一起参与环保项目,我们都能够有所作为。
By working together on environmental projects, we can all .
54.一旦将作业交上去,我们就可以开始着手科学课的小组项目了。
Once the homework is handed in, we can our group project for science class.
55.客人到达前,你最好把客厅整理一下。
You’d better the living room before the guests arrive.
56.医生建议我应该早点休息。
The doctor suggested to bed early.
57.杰克期待他能帮忙做这个演出。
Jack expects the show.
58.如果你要短途旅行,你最好步行或骑自行车,而不是乘坐公共汽车或出租车。
You walk or ride a bike instead of a bus or a taxi if you travel a short distance.
59.设法保证你能坦诚地交流。你能分享自己的真实感受,你的父母会为此感到高兴。
to talk openly. Your parents will be happy that you can share you truly .
60.你必须接受良好的教育并集中注意力于你的目标。
You get a good education and your goal.
61.我们相信全运会的精神会鼓舞人们为更美好的未来而努力。
We believe the spirit of the National Games people work harder for a better future.
62.这些草药可以用于饮料,但我们应该遵循医生的建议来饮用。
These herbs can be used in drinks, but we to follow the doctor’s advice when we drink them.
63.在古代,人们依靠草药来治疗疾病和保持健康。
In ancient times, people herbs to treat illnesses and stay healthy.
64.放弃得不到的是一种智慧的选择。
It’s a wise choice to what you’ll never get.
65.你知道青少年们都梦想着成为体育明星吗?
Do you know teenagers becoming sports stars?
66.他没有参考笔记就完成了演讲。
He gave the speech and didn’t his notes.
67.老师对你的作文做出评价是一次学习和提高写作技巧的机会。
When the teacher your essay, it’s an opportunity to learn and improve your writing skills.
68.一些学生放学后做兼职工作来帮助家庭谋生。
Some students have part-time jobs after school to help their families .
69.近几年中国在环保方面取得了很大进步。
China has the environment in recent years.
70.他们练习这种赛跑时,走路有困难。
They while practising this kind of race.
参考答案
一、
1.A
【解析】句意:参观者在博物馆欣赏艺术品时禁止拍照,否则会被要求离开。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;wouldn’t不会;shouldn’t不应该。根据“or they will be asked to leave”可知参观者在博物馆欣赏艺术品时禁止拍照,mustn’t符合语境。故选A。
2.B
【解析】句意:大雨使得孩子们一整天都待在家里。
考查使役动词make的被动语态用法。由“were made”可知,在主动语态中,“make sb. do sth.”使用省略to的动词原形;但在被动语态中,必须加上to。本句主语“children”是被要求待在家,因此需用to stay。故选B。
3.A
【解析】句意:地震突然发生了。
考查动词用法及时间状语辨析。happened发生;took place发生;was happened被发生(错误表达);was taken place被发生(错误表达)。happen和take place都是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,因此 C、D 选项语法错误。B 选项中“on July”时间表达不完整,缺少具体日期。A选项 “happened; all of a sudden”意为“突然发生”,语法和语义均正确。故选A。
4.C
【解析】句意:你能告诉我怎么去学校吗?
考查非谓语动词及宾语从句语序。Could you please后接动词原形,表示委婉请求,故排除A和B;宾语从句需用陈述语序,即“疑问词+主语+谓语”,排除D。故选C。
5.A
【解析】句意:你最好不要总是依赖字典。试着从上下文猜测单词的意思。
考查had better的否定形式。had better (not) do sth.是固定搭配,意为“最好(不要)做某事”,因此否定形式为had better not do。故选A。
6.A
【解析】句意:Frank一定对中国的民间音乐感兴趣,因为他已经花了20年时间研究它。
考查情态动词辨析。must一定;mustn’t禁止;could可以;couldn’t不能。根据“for he has spent 20 years studying it”可知他已经花了20年时间研究中国的民间音乐,可见他一定对中国的民间音乐感兴趣。故选A。
7.A
【解析】句意:你最好不要在办公室工作很长时间。出去休息一会儿。
考查had better的用法。not work不工作;not to work不工作,但to多余,因had better后不加to;don’t work不要工作,为祈使句否定形式,不适用于had better结构;not to working结构错误,因working为动名词,不能与to搭配。had better表示“最好”,后接动词原形,其否定形式为“had better not + 动词原形。故选A。
8.A
【解析】句意:你最好有足够的睡眠和休息来维持你的记忆力。
考查had better的用法。have动词原形;to have不定式;not have否定动词原形;not to have不定式的否定形式。had better后必须接动词原形,表示建议或劝告(意为“最好做某事”)。故选A。
9.B
【解析】句意:看!张先生办公室的灯还亮着。他一定正在为明天的会议工作。
考查情态动词。根据“灯还亮着”这一当前情况,强调动作正在进行,需用“must be doing”结构表示对现在进行时的肯定推测。must work一定工作,不强调进行;must be working一定在工作,强调进行;can work能工作,侧重能力或可能性;should be working应该正在工作”,侧重义务而非推测。语境要求基于证据的肯定推测,故选B。
10.C
【解析】句意:尽管有机会和好处,我不得不承认出国留学的想法让我害怕。
考查情态动词的辨析。need需要;can能够;have to不得不;ought应该,通常与to连用。根据“In spite of the opportunities as well as benefits, I...admit that the idea of studying abroad scares me.”可知,尽管有积极因素,但客观上必须承认害怕,因此用have to。故选C。
11.A
【解析】句意:长途旅行加上恶劣天气让每个人都筋疲力尽。
考查动词辨析。made使;let让;had有;left留下。make后可接“宾语+形容词”的结构,表示“使某人处于某种状态”;let常接“宾语+动词原形”;have后常接“宾语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词”;left虽也可接“宾语+形容词”,但更侧重“留下某种状态”,此处“漫长旅途+坏天气”是“让所有人疲惫”的直接原因。故选A。
12.A
【解析】句意:我们学校的学生人数接近1000人。
考查短语辨析以及主谓一致。the number of……的数量,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;a number of许多,大量,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。根据“...students at our school...nearly 1000.”可知,此处说的是学生的数量,应用the number of,be动词用is。故选A。
13.B
【解析】句意:——在课堂上,我们老师总是建议我们分组讨论以使任务不那么困难。——那一定既实用又有趣。
考查非谓语动词和情态动词。to discuss不定式;discussing动名词或现在分词;discussed过去式或过去分词;discuss讨论,动词原形;can能够,会,可能;must必须,一定,语气较为肯定;should应该;may也许,可能。“suggest sb. doing sth.”是固定用法,表示“建议某人做某事”,所以第一个空应填“discussing”;根据语境,回答表达说话者认为老师建议的分组讨论这种方式肯定是实用且有趣的,语气比较肯定,所以用“must”合适。故选B。
14.A
【解析】句意:我们班上的每个人,包括老师,此刻都对即将到来的运动会感到兴奋。
考查主谓一致。including the teacher是插入语,主语是Everyone in our class,为第三人称单数。时间状语at the moment表示现在,因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式is。故选A。
15.D
【解析】句意:这里有一个装满香蕉的盒子。你可以把它清空然后放你的书进去。
考查动词词义辨析。throw扔;bring带来;sell卖;empty清空。根据“You can ... it and put your books in.”可知,此处表达是要把盒子清空才能放书进去,所以用empty符合语境。故选D。
16.B
【解析】句意:她不太喜欢汽车,是吗?
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的规则是“前肯后否,前否后肯”;在这个句子中,“She doesn’t much care for a car”是否定句,其中“doesn’t”是一般现在时的助动词否定形式,所以反意疑问部分要用肯定形式,也应该用一般现在时的助动词“does”,主语是“she” ,即“does she”。故选B。
17.B
【解析】句意:学生在课堂上应该注意听老师讲课。
考查不及物动词和非谓语动词。listen“听”,不及物动词,需要加to,再接宾语;pay attention to doing sth.“注意做某事”,动名词作宾语。故选B。
18.B
【解析】句意:——谁打破了那扇窗户?——我打破的。
考查特殊疑问句的回答以及时态。do助动词原形;did助动词过去式;had过去式或过去分词;broke打破,过去式。问句“Who broke that window?”是一般过去时,此处要用相应的过去时态来呼应,表示“是我(过去)打破的”;在疑问句的回答中,为避免动词的重复使用,通常用助动词do对应的正确时态代替问句中的动词,所以这里用“did”。故选B。
19.D
【解析】句意:——快点,公交车来了。——哦,不行。我们必须等到交通灯变绿才可以过马路。
考查动词和连词辨析。across; after穿过、越过,介词;在……之后,连词;through; since穿过、通过,介词;自从、因为,连词;across; while穿过、越过,介词;当……的时候,连词;cross; until穿过、越过,动词;直到……为止,连词。根据“—Hurry up. The bus is coming. —Oh, no. We mustn’t...the street...the traffic lights are green.”可知,第一空,此处表示“穿过马路”,句中“mustn’t”是情态动词,后接动词原形,因此使用动词“cross”;第二空,此处表示“直到”交通灯变绿“才”可以过马路,短语“not...until...”指“直到……才做某事”,因此使用连词“until”。故选D。
20.A
【解析】句意:这首歌听起来非常美妙。很多人喜欢听它。
考查感官动词辨析。sounds听起来;feels感觉起来;smells闻起来;tastes尝起来。根据“This song”可知,歌曲是通过听觉来感受的,所以用“sounds”来表示“听起来”。故选A。
21.A
【解析】句意:由于大民足够强壮,在河里他可以控制他的木筏,他不需要任何帮助。
考查need的用法和否定句。根据“Since Damin is strong enough to control his raft in the river”可知,他不需要任何帮助。need此处为实义动词,后接名词,否定用doesn’t need。故选A。
22.A
【解析】句意:不要让你的儿子长时间玩电脑游戏。
考查使役动词。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”,固定搭配,此处应填动词原形。故选A。
23.A
【解析】句意:——这周末去爬东华山怎么样?——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。
考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知,此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实,排除BD;题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语(核心词是pair),需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。
24.B
【解析】句意:窗户坏了。我们应该尽快把它修好。
考查使役动词。根据“We should...soon.”可知,窗户要被修好,此处应用“have sth. done”结构表示“让某事被做”。故选B。
25.A
【解析】句意:请给我拿点水来好吗?我很渴。
考查动词辨析和情态动词用法。take拿走;bring拿来,带来。根据“I’m very thirsty”可知,此处是指给我带点水,排除B和D选项,且will you please后跟动词原形。故选A。
26.C
【解析】句意:他拒绝签署这份文件,因为条款对他的国家不公平。
考查非谓语动词。sign签署,动词原形;signing签署,动名词/现在分词;to sign去签署,动词不定式;to signing签署,介词+动名词。refuse后接动词时,需用不定式结构refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。故选C。
27.C
【解析】句意:当你陷入困境时,一个从你身边跑开的朋友不是真正的朋友。
考查动词短语。takes away拿走;puts away收起来;runs away逃跑;throws away扔掉。根据“When you are in trouble”可知,在朋友遇到困难时选择“逃跑”的朋友不是真朋友。故选C。
28.B
【解析】句意:对我来说最放松的事情就是坐在沙发上翻阅一本时尚杂志,听着一些轻音乐。
考查动词短语。looking at看着;looking through翻阅,浏览;looking around环顾四周;looking for寻找。根据“a fashion magazine”可知,此处表示“翻阅杂志”,强调浏览内容。故选B。
29.D
【解析】句意:彼得过去常喝咖啡,但现在他习惯喝牛奶了。
考查动词use的用法辨析。used to be后接名词或形容词,不接动词原形,is used to drinking习惯于喝;used to过去常常,is used to drink结构错误。第一空描述彼得过去的习惯,“过去常常喝咖啡”应使用“used to + 动词原形”;第二空表示现在习惯喝牛奶,应使用“be used to doing”,意为“习惯于做某事”。故选D。
30.B
【解析】句意:史密斯把他班上的男生分成两队,并教他们玩他的新游戏。
考查动词短语辨析。across...form不构成固定搭配;divided...into把……分成;stopped...from阻止……;poured...into把……倒入。根据“Smith...the men in his class...two teams”可知,史密斯把男生分成两队。故选B。
二、
31.was written
【解析】句意:莫言所著的这部小说被广泛阅读。write“写作,编写,书写”,动词,且主语“The novel”为第三人称单数概念,与谓语动词“write”之间为被动关系,且该小说创作时间发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were done sth.”,be动词应用was,write的过去分词形式为written。故填was written。
32.warn
【解析】句意:让墙上的通知提醒工人们新的安全规定。根据“Let the notice...”可知,此处是“let sb./sth. do sth.”的结构,表示“让某人/某物做某事”,所以横线处应填动词原形warn,意为“提醒,警告”。故填warn。
33.am
【解析】句意:不仅我的父母,我也是钟南山的粉丝。当“not only... but also...”连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与but also后的主语保持一致。本句中but also后的主语是I,为第一人称单数,且句子陈述一般事实,为一般现在时,因此be动词应使用am。故填am。
34.have taken
【解析】句意:这个盒子是空的。我认为一定有人拿走了里面的东西。take“拿走”,must have done sth“一定做过某事”,表示对过去情况的肯定推测,固定用法。故填have taken。
35.dealing/to be dealt
【解析】句意:这个严肃的问题需要立即处理。主语“This serious matter”与“deal with”是逻辑上的被动关系,此处表示“需要被处理”,need doing“某事需要被做”,表示被动,因此此处可以用动名词dealing;sth. need to be done.“需要被做”,因此也可以用to be dealt表示“需要被处理”。故填dealing/to be dealt。
36.recorded
【解析】句意:——你想去太湖湾音乐节吗?——我很想去,但是我得先完成作业。你能把它录下来吗?“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作由他人完成。record表示“录制”。故填recorded。
37.am using
【解析】句意:——汤姆,我可以借你的电子书吗?——对不起,迈克。我正在使用它。请稍等。根据“Wait a moment.”可知,正在使用它,时态为现在进行时“is/am/are+doing”。主语为I,be动词用am,use“使用”的现在分词为using。故填am using。
38.to work
【解析】句意:这些工人被要求每天工作12个小时。make“使”,是使役动词,在被动句中要用be made to do sth的结构,动词不定式作主语补足语,故填to work。
39.be heard
【解析】句意:音乐声音太大了,在很远的地方都能被听到。主语“it”指代“the music”,和“hear之间是被动关系,即“音乐被听到”,要用被动语态。含有情态动词“can”的被动语态结构是“can + be + 过去分词”,hear的过去分词是heard。故填be heard。
40.not hurry
【解析】句意:你最好不要匆忙,现在还有足够的时间去上学。had better (not) do sth“最好(不)做某事”;根据“There is still enough time to go to school.”可知,此处是指最好不要匆忙。故填not hurry。
41.to protect
【解析】句意:我们学生在学校应该学习如何保护自己。“how to do sth.”是固定结构,此处用动词不定式作宾语。故填 to protect。
42.ability
【解析】句意:我必须提高我的写作能力,因为我想成为一名作家 。“able” 是形容词(能够的 ),此处 “my writing...” 后需接名词,“ability” 是 “able” 的名词形式 ,“writing ability” 表示 “写作能力” ,符合 “想成为作家需提升写作能力” 的语境,所以填 ability。
43.spoken
【解析】句意:加入英语俱乐部能提升你的英语口语。“spoken English” 意思是英语口语,是固定表达,“spoken” 是 “speak” 的过去分词作形容词,修饰 “English” ,应填 spoken。故填 spoken 。
44.Doing
【解析】句意:做户外活动可以帮助学生提高他们的能力和技能。分析句子结构,应填入动词的动名词形式“doing”,作主语。故填Doing。
45.disappear
【解析】句意:如果我们不停止狩猎,一些野生动物可能会永远消失。根据“if we don’t stop hunting them”可知是如果不停止狩猎,一些野生动物可能会消失,disappear“消失”,情态动词may后加动词原形。故填disappear。
46.not share
【解析】句意:你最好不要在网上分享你的个人信息。根据“You’d better”及所给词可知,此处是had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”。故填not share。
47.address
【解析】句意:争吵无法解决你的问题。address“解决”,动词,情态动词cannot后接动词原形,空处应填address。故填address。
48.repair
【解析】句意:你最好尽快修理房子,修补漏洞。You’d better do sth.“你最好做某事”,固定搭配,此处应用动词原形。故填repair。
49.suggest
【解析】句意:面试结束后,你认为谁适合这个职位?根据“Who would you…(suggestion) for the position after the interview?”可知,此处是指推荐谁来这个职位,应用suggestion的动词形式suggest表示“推荐”,would you后面接动词原形。故填suggest。
50.call
【解析】句意:在你拜访某人之前,你最好提前打电话给他或她。you’d是you had的缩写,根据短语had better do sth.“最好做某事”可知,空处应填动词call的原形。故填call。
三、
51. make up his mind
【解析】对照中英文,make up one’s mind“下定决心”符合题意,主语是“He”,对应填形容词性物主代词his,couldn’t接动词原形。故填make;up;his;mind。
52. depend on
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“取决于”。depend on“取决于”,动词短语;情态动词must后接动词原形。故填depend;on。
53. make a difference
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“有所作为”,对应的英语表达是make a difference,动词短语,位于情态动词can之后,应保持动词原形不变。故填make;a;difference。
54. begin to work on
【解析】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“开始着手”,begin to do sth“开始做某事”,begin to work on“开始着手”,固定短语;can后跟动词原形。故填begin;to;work;on。
55. tidy up
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,句子中缺少“整理”的英文表达,tidy up“整理”,动词短语;You’d better do sth.“你最好做某事”,固定搭配。故填tidy;up。
56. that I should go
【解析】“建议”译为“suggest”,后接“that”引导的宾语从句,“我”译为“I”,为人称代词主格;“应该”翻译为“should”,接动词原形;“早点休息”译为“go to bed early”,故填that;I;should;go。
57. he can help with
【解析】分析句子结构可知,expects后应跟省略that的宾语从句,且为一般现在时;“他”为he,为从句主语;“能”为can,是情态动词,后跟动词原形;“帮忙做某事”为help with sth.,故填he;can;help;with。
58. had better taking
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,第一空缺少“最好”,用had better;第二空缺少“乘坐”,介词of后需用动名词taking。故填had;better;taking。
59. Make sure what feel
【解析】 make sure to do sth.“设法保证做某事”,是固定搭配,此句为祈使句,用动词原形,句首首字母大写;feel“感受”,情态动词can后用动词原形,此处用what引导宾语从句。故填Make;sure;what;feel。
60. have to keep your/an eye on
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,第一空缺少“必须”,must或have to都可以表示“必须”,题中是两空,且主语是you,选用have to;第二空缺少“集中注意力于”,keep one’s eye on或keep an eye on“集中注意力于”,此处and连接keep与get两个并列的动作,动词形式一致,因此填keep your eye on。故填have;to;keep;your/an;eye;on。
61. that will encourage to
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格①缺“引导宾语从句的连接词”,第一空应填that,引导一个宾语从句;空格②缺“将来时助动词”,从句时态为一般将来时,所以第二空应填will“将、会”,后接动词原形;空格③缺“鼓舞”,空格④缺“不定式符号”,encourage sb to do sth“鼓舞某人做某事”,所以第三空应填encourage,第四空应填to。故填that;will;encourage;to。
62. are supposed
【解析】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“应该”,在此处表示“应当,理应”,对应的固定结构为“be supposed to”;主语we是第一人称复数,be动词用are。故填are;supposed。
63. depended on
【解析】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“依靠”的表达,对应的固定短语为“depend on”;时间状语“In ancient times(在古代)”表明句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词depend需用过去式depended。故填depended;on。
64. give up
【解析】对比所给中英文可知,填空处为“放弃”,give up“放弃”,是固定搭配,不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填give;up。
65. dream of
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“梦想着”的英文。dream of doing sth.意为“梦想着做某事”,固定搭配,本句为省略that的宾语从句,主句时态为一般现在时,从句时态可为一般现在时,从句的主语teenagers是复数,所以谓语动词dream用原形。故填dream;of。
66. refer to
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“参考”,英文表达为“refer to”,此处用在助动词didn’t后需用动词原形。故填refer;to。
67. gives/makes feedback/comments on
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“对……做出评价”。give feedback on或make comments on“对……做出评价/反馈”;句子是一般现在时,主语是the teacher,谓语动词用三单形式。故填gives/makes;feedback/comments;on。
68. make a living
【解析】由汉语和英语翻译可知,空格处缺少“谋生”,其英文表达为make a living,根据“…help their families…”可知,help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”,所以第一空使用动词原形。故填make;a;living。
69. made great progress in protecting
【解析】对比中英文可知,缺少“在环保方面取得了很大进步”;make great progress in doing sth“在做某事方面取得很大进步”。本句为现在完成时,结构为 “have/has+过去分词”,make的过去分词为made;in为介词,后接动名词形式protecting“保护”。故填made;great;progress;in;protecting。
70. have difficulty in walking
【解析】根据中英文提示可知,此处表达“走路有困难”,使用“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”这一固定短语;主语They后接动词原形have,名词difficulty作宾语。故填have;difficulty;in;walking。
21 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$