Unit 2 Stay Healthy Section B 知识清单- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 2 Stay Healthy Section B How should we stay safe?知识点 一、单元词汇 单词 Section B 1. pron. 他或她.它们自己 2. v. 油炸，油煎，油炒 3. n. 厨房灶具，炉子 4. adv. 快乐地，高兴地 5. v. 烧着，着火 过去式： 过去分词： 6. n. 火焰 7. n.惊慌，恐慌 8. prep. 向，朝 9. n. 猛动身体部位，扔，抛 过去式： 过去分词： 10. v. 翻滚，滚动 11. adj. 快的，迅速的 adv.迅速地，快速地 12. n.＆ v. 帮助，援助 13. n. 安全，安全处所 14. n. 灭火器 15. adv. 在今晚 n. 今晚，今夜 16. adv. 伤心地，令人遗憾地 17. n. 烟 v. 吸烟，冒烟 18. adv. 不幸地，可惜地 19. adv. 幸运地 20. adv. 严重地 比较级： 最高级： 21. n ＆ v. 伤害，损害 22. n. 药片，药丸 23. adj. (身体）疼痛的，令人痛苦的 24. v. 平放，平躺 过去式： 过去分词： 25. adj. 有害的 26. n. 打，击，击中 v. 碰撞，击，打 过去式： 过去分词： 27. n.震惊，令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊，使惊愕 28. v. 流血，出血过去式： 过去分词： 29 v.检查，查明 n. 检查，调查 30 adj. 疼痛的，憋气的，紧的，牢固的 31 n. 花生 32. adv. 紧张不安地 33. adj. 过敏的 。短语 Section B 1. 着火 2. （时间，空间上）远离..., 离....（多远） 3. 决定作某事 4. 接通（电流，煤气，水等）打开， 5. 把.....倒入..... 6. 大声喊出 7. 不可能，没门 8. 着火，起火 9. 关闭，关闭 10. 立刻，马上 11. 如此....以至于....... 12. 扑灭，熄灭 13. 即将，正要作 14. 突然停住 15. 急救 16. 外出用餐 17. 平躺，平卧 18 在...中间，忙于... 19. 对...过敏 20. 从现在起 21. 食物过敏 22. 眼睛疲劳，眼睛损伤 23. 处理，应对 24. 长时间 25. 休息20秒 二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲 Section B 【考点1】How should we stay safe？ 【解析】 safe 形容词 安全的，平安的 比较级: safer 最高级：safest Do you think my car will be safe in this street？你认为我的车在这条街上安全吗？ 副词形式：safely 安全地，未受损坏地 The plane landed safely. 飞机安全降落 名词形式：safety 平安，安全，不可数名词 in safety 安全地 I am worried about the safety of the treatment. 我担心这种疗法的安全性。 【考点2】Suddenly，Allen stopped talking and looked up. 【解析】 （1）stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.的区别： 核心区别在于：“stop doing” 是停止正在做的事情；而 “stop to do” 是停下来，目的是去做另一件事。 下面我们来详细分解： 1. stop doing sth. 含义：停止做某事（即结束当前正在进行的那个动作）。 逻辑：“doing” 的这个动作是被停止的对象。 The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.（老师进来时，学生们停止了说话。） → “说话”这个动作被停止了。 I really need to stop eating so much junk food.（我真的需要停止吃这么多垃圾食品了。） → “吃垃圾食品”这个行为是我要停止的。 2. stop to do sth. 含义：停下来（手头的事），以便去做另一件事。 逻辑：“to do” 表示停下来的目的。你停止当前活动，是为了开始一个新的活动。 She stopped to answer the phone.(她停下来去接电话。） → 她停下了手头的事（比如写作），目的是去接电话。 On my way home, I stopped to buy some milk.（在回家的路上，我停下来买了些牛奶。） → 我停下了“回家”这个行程，目的是买牛奶。 He was working on the computer and stopped to rest his eyes.（他正在电脑前工作，然后停下来休息一下眼睛。） → 他停止了“工作”，目的是让眼睛休息。 （2）look up ①抬头看，向上看 She looked up from her book and smiled at me.（她从书本上抬起头，对我笑了笑。） ②查找，查询（从字典，手册，网站等查找信息） If you don't know the word, look it up in the dictionary.（如果你不认识这个单词，就去查字典。） ③拜访，探望某人 If you're ever in London, you should look me up!（你要是来伦敦，一定要来找我！） ④尊敬，仰慕 通常与介词 “to” 连用，构成 “look up to sb”。 仰慕某人 ⑤好转，改善指情况、形势、生意等变得更好。 Business has been slow, but it's looking up now. 【考点3】They both rushed back into the kitchen. 【解析】 rush 作动词，过去式：rushed ①迅速移动，匆忙行事 We’ve got enough time;there is no no need to rush. 我们有足够的时间，没必要匆忙。 She rushed into the room to tell us the news.（她冲进房间告诉我们这个消息。） ②催促某人；迅速将某物/某人送往某处 I don't want to rush you, but we need to leave now.（我不想催你，但我们现在必须走了。） He was rushed to the hospital after the accident.（事故发生后，他被紧急送往医院。） rush 作名词 匆忙，急促，快速移动 in a rush 匆忙，急促 What is the rush？干嘛这么匆匆忙忙的？ 【考点4】In a panic，James turned off the stove at once. 【解析】 （1）panic 作名词，惊恐，恐慌 in panic 处于恐慌之中 a moment of panic 一时恐慌 He hit him in panic 惊恐之中，她打了他。 作动词，使..感到惊慌，惊慌失措 过去式： panicked 现在分词：panicking She panicked at the sight of the spider.（她一看到蜘蛛就慌了神。） The sudden noise panicked the horses.（突然的响声使马匹受惊了。） （2）turn off 关掉，关闭（电器、水源、灯光等） 反义词组 关掉，关闭（电器、设备、水源等） Please turn off the TV when you leave. 你离开时请关掉电视。 Could you turn on the light? It's getting dark. （3）at once 立即，马上 This is an emergency. We need a doctor at once.（这是紧急情况，我们需要医生马上来。） 【考点5】But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped into his shirt. 【解析】 (1)so...that... 如此……以至于……, so + 形容词 + that ... He was so tired that he couldn't think clearly.（他累得无法清晰思考了。）  so + 副词 + that ... She spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand her.（她说得如此之快，以至于我听不懂。）  so + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that ... There were so many people that we couldn’t find a seat.（有这么多人，以至于我们找不到座位。） He made so few mistakes that he got the highest score.（他犯的错误如此之少，以至于他得了最高分。） so + much/little + 不可数名词 + that ... She has so much work that she has to work overtime.（她有这么多工作，以至于必须加班。） There was so little water that the plants all died.（水如此之少，以至于植物都死了。） 与so that 的区分： so that 为了，目的是 He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.（他努力学习，为了能通过考试。） （2）close 作形容词，读作/kləʊs/ ①（时间，空间）近的，接近的，靠近的 be close to sth/sb. 靠近，接近 My house is close to the train station.（我家离火车站很近。） The exam is close; we need to start revising.（考试临近了，我们需要开始复习了。） ②几乎处于某种状态，可能快要作某事 be close to sth /be close to doing sth He was close to tears 他快要哭了。 We are close to signing the agreement. 我们快要签订协议了。 ③亲密的，关系近的 We are close friends.（我们是密友。） 作动词，读作/kləʊz/ 关闭，终止，结束 Please close the door when you leave.（你离开时请关上门。） She closed her eyes and went to sleep.（他闭上眼睛睡觉） Let's close this discussion for now.（我们暂时结束这个讨论吧。） 作副词，读作/kləʊs/ 接近，靠近，紧挨着，不远地 Come close; I want to tell you a secret.（靠近点，我想告诉你一个秘密。） She held her baby close.（她紧紧地抱着她的孩子。） 【考点6】In seconds，the fire in the burning pan was put out. 【解析】 （1）second 作序数词，第二的，其次的，次等的 This is my second time visiting Paris.（这是我第二次来巴黎。） 作名词， 秒（时间单位），第二 There are sixty seconds in a minute.（一分钟有六十秒。） You are the second to arrive.（你是第二个到的。） （2）put out ①扑灭，熄灭，弄灭指使燃烧的东西停止燃烧， The firefighters worked hard to put out the forest fire.（消防员奋力扑灭森林大火。 Please put out your cigarette; this is a non-smoking area.（请熄灭你的香烟，这是无烟区。） ②伸出；拿出（到外部）指将身体部位或某物伸出去或拿出来。 He put out his hand to shake mine.（他伸出手来和我握手。） Don't put your head out of the car window.（不要把头伸出车窗外。） ③发布；发表；播出，指将信息、作品等公之于众。 The government put out a statement about the new policy.（政府就新政策发表了声明。） The band put out their new album last week.（这支乐队上周发行了新专辑。） 【考点7】Suddenly, they smelt smoke and found . 【解析】 smoke 作名词， ①烟 不可数名词 The room was full of smoke. 屋子里全是烟。 ②（可数名词，常用单数形式）吸烟，抽烟 Are you coming out for a smoke？出来抽支烟？ I am dying for a smoke. 我很想抽根烟。 作动词，过去式：smoked 现在分词：smoking ①吸烟，抽烟 Do you mind if I smoke？介意我吸烟吗？ I used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. 我以前一天吸20根烟。 ②冒烟 The oil in the pan started to smoke. 锅里的油开始冒烟了。 【考点8】What should we do to keep ourselves safe from harm？ 【解析】 （1）protect 动词 保护，防护 过去式：protected 常见搭配： protect sth/sb. against sth 保护...免受...的伤害 The umbrella can protect the skin against the sun. 伞可以防止皮肤被晒伤 protect sb/sth from sth 保护...免受.. Parents try to protect their children from danger. 父母尽力保护他们的孩子免受危险 【拓展】 名词形式：protection 保护，防护 形容词形式：protective 保护的，防护的 （2）harm 作名词 损害，伤害 不可数名词 His words did a lot of harm to her feelings 常见搭配： do harm to sb/sth =do sb/sth harm 对... 有伤害 Too much screen time can do harm to your eyes. There is no harm in (doing) sth： (做)...没有害处/不妨 There is no harm in trying. 试一试也无妨。 作动词，伤害，损害 过去式：harmed 现在分词：harming Too much sunshine can harm your skin. 暴晒会伤害你的皮肤 【单词变形】 harmful 形容词形式 有害的 常见搭配：be harmful to sb./sht 对..有害 Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康 harmless 形容词 无害的，物恶意的 The insects are harmless. 这些昆虫不伤人。 【考点9】suffix 后缀 【解析】 指的是添加在一个 词根 或 单词 末尾 的一个或一组字母，主要功能是 改变原词的词性、意义或语法功能。 （1）-self/selves 此后缀意思：a person or thing on their own，亲自，本人，用于反身代词 人称 主语 反身代词 第一人称单数 I myself 第二人称单数 you yourself 第三人称单数 he/she/it himself/herself/itself 第一人称复数 we ourselves 第二人称复数 you yourselves 第三人称复数 they themselves （2）-less 此后缀的意思：without 没有，不受...的影响，不...的 colour colourless 无色的，苍白的 care careless 粗心的，不小心的 harm harmless 无害的 pain painless 无痛苦的，无痛的 hope hopeless 没希望的，绝望的 home homeless 无家的，流浪的 use useless 无用的 meaning meaningless 无意义的 -ache 次后缀意思：pain 疼痛 back backache head headache stomach stomachache tooth toothache 【考点10】Don’t lie down for too long as it could make your back feel . 【解析】 lie 作动词，过去式：lay 过去分词：lain 现在分词：lying ①躺， 平放 He lay on the sofa and went to sleep. 他躺在沙发上睡着了。 ②（某个地点）位于，坐落于 The town lies on the coast. 这城镇位于海滨。 ③（抽象事物）存在，在于 The answer lies in education.（答案在于教育。） 作动词，撒谎，说谎 过去式：lied 过去分词，lied 现在分词：lying 常见搭配：lie to sb. （about sth）（关于某事） 对某人说谎 Don’t lie to me. 别对我说谎。 作“说谎，撒谎”时的名词形式：lie，意思是：谎言 ，为可数名词，复数形式：lies。 常见搭配：tell a lie 说谎 【拓展】liar 名词，说谎的人，撒谎者 核心区别总结与记忆技巧 lie (撒谎) lie (躺/位于) 核心含义 说不真实的话 处于休息或静止状态 动词变化 规则： lie - lied - lied 不规则： lie - lay - lain 现在分词 lying lying 记忆口诀 “撒谎”很赖皮的(lied)，所以是规则变化。 “躺”过(lay)之后，就一直赖着(lain)不起来 【考点11】She was _____ from shock and her arm was bleeding. 【解析】 （1）shock 作名词，令人震惊的事情，惊愕 The news of his death came as a complete shock to everyone.（他去世的消息让所有人都感到无比震惊。） 作动词，使震惊，使惊愕 过去式：shocked It shocks me that such things are still happening today.（这种事情今天仍在发生，令我感到震惊。） 区分：shocked 与shocking 都可作为形容词，区分如下： shocked：感到震惊的。描述的是 人的感受。主语通常是 人 I was shocked by the terrible news.（我对这个可怕的消息感到震惊。） → “我”是感受的主体。 shocking：令人震惊的。描述的是 事物或事件的性质。主语通常是物或事。 The news was absolutely shocking.（这消息真是令人震惊。） → “消息”本身是令人震惊的。 （2） bleed 作动词 流血，出血 过去式：bled 过去分词：bled His finger is bleeding 他的手指在流血。 【考点12】Her parents weren't home, so they had it all to themselves. 【解析】have + 宾语 + to + 反身代词：“独享、独占（某个空间或事物）”。 宾语（sth.）：指代某个场所、物品或空间（本句中 it 指代 Julie’s house） 反身代词：需和句子主语保持一致（本句主语是 they，所以用 themselves） “all” 是强调成分，可以省略：They had the house to themselves. （意思基本一样，但加上“all更强调“完全、全部”的意味） She has the whole room to herself（她独自占用整个房间） I have the library to myself on weekends（周末图书馆就我一个人用 【考点13】But in the middle of the meal, Mark started to feel strange. 【解析】in the middle of: 指空间的中心（物理位置） 表示位于某物或某区域的中心或内部。 She planted a tree in the middle of the garden. 她在花园中央种了一棵树。 指时间的中间点（时间点） 表示在某段时间或事件进程的中段。 He woke up in the middle of the night.他在半夜醒来。 指正在进行某项活动（过程/状态）, 最常用且地道的用法之一 表示正忙于或正处于某个活动、过程或状态之中，常译为“正在……的时候”。 Sorry, I can’t talk now. I’m in the middle of cooking dinner. 【考点14】His face felt warm, and his throat felt tight. tight的用法： 做形容词，比较级：tighter，最高级：tightest ①物理上的“紧”，指物体本身很紧，或与其他物体结合/包裹得很紧密，没有松弛或空隙。 These shoes are too tight. (这双鞋太紧了。) ②感觉或身体上的“紧”，描述身体部位的一种紧张、收缩、不适的感觉。 My chest feels tight when I’m nervous about exams.（考试紧张的时候，我会觉得胸口发紧。） ③ 关系上的“紧”，形容关系非常亲密、牢固或团结。  tight family (关系亲密的家庭) 【考点15】nervously 【解析】 nervously 副词 紧张不安地 形容词形式：nervous 焦虑的，担忧的 常见搭配： be nervous of/about sth 对...感到忧虑 I am nervous about the future. 我对未来很担忧。 She was nervous of giving wrong answer. 她害怕给出错误答案 【考点16】Eye strain can cause our vision to get worse over time. 【解析】 (1) cause 作动词，导致，引起 The cold weather caused a lot of problems.（寒冷的天气引起了许多问题。） cause sb./sth to do sth. 导致某物/某物.... What caused him to change his mind?（是什么导致他改变了主意？） The winds caused many trees to fall during night. 晚上的大风，吹倒了很多树木。 作名词，原因，起因 The police are still trying to determine the cause of the fire.（警方仍在努力确定火灾的原因。） Stress is a common cause of illness.（压力是疾病的常见诱因。） 【考点17】Look away from devices frequently. 【解析】 away from的其核心意义是 “分离” 和 “偏离 用法总结 用法类别 核心意思 例句 空间距离 远离，离开 Move away from the door. 状态缺席 不在（某地/状态） He is away from school today. 避免/戒除 避开，避免 Stay away from trouble. 差异/偏离 与...不同，偏离 It's away from the original plan. 剥夺 从...拿走 She took the book away from him. 过关检测 一.单项选择 1 ---Mum, I have a toothache. ---You should see a _________. A. dentist B. teacher C. actor D. shopkeeper 2.I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom. A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies 3.You _________ smoke here. Can't you see the sign "No smoking"? A. should B. can C. shouldn't D need 4---Mr. Wang, I have a fever. What should I do? ---First of all, you should _________ your temperature. A. ask B. test C. see D. take 5.It's getting dark. Please ______ the light so that I can read the book. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 6.The driver is very tired. He has to stop ______ a rest for his own safety.. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 7.Scientists have proved that smoking is ______ our health. A. harmful for B. harmful to C. harm for D. harm to 8.When the teacher asked him a difficult question, the ______ boy answered in a low voice. A. nervously B. nervous; C. harm D. badly 9.Before you hand in your test paper, you should always ______ your answers carefully. A check B aid C throw D hit 10- -- Be careful with that paper! It can give you a deep cut. --- Too late! My finger is______ . A blood B bleeding C bleed D bled 二 单词填空 1.I can't eat peanuts because I am a_________ to them 2.The sudden loud noise gave me a s_________ (震惊). 3.The memory of losing my pet is still very p_________ to me. (痛苦的 4.__________,（幸运地） I found my lost keys just before I needed to leave.  5.He was so angry that he _________ (扔）his book on the floor and walked ou 6.The children are old enough to dress _________ (他们自己). 7. The doctor told me to take two _________ (药片) twice a day after meal 8.Yesterday afternoon, the cat ________（躺） on the sofa and slept for hours 9.The children played h_______ （高兴地）in the park all afternoon. 10.These new shoes are too t__________（紧的）for me. They hurt my feet. 三. 完形填空 How to Stay Safe Safety is very important in our daily life. As a student, it's necessary to know how to protect yourself and stay away from 1 . Here is some advice for you. First, always pay attention to traffic(交通） safety. When you walk on the street, don't play with your phone or listen to music with headphones. Remember to 2 the street at the zebra crossing and wait for the traffic light to turn 3 . Second, be 4  of strangers（陌生人）. Don't talk to strangers or accept food or gifts from them. If a stranger tries to follow you, you should go to a crowded place like a shop or a supermarket, and ask a policeman for 5  . Third, online safety is also important. Never tell your 6 information, like your home address, phone number, or school name, to people you meet online. Don't make 7  with strangers online. If someone says something that makes you feel 8, stop talking to them and tell your parents or teachers.  9 safe is not difficult if you are always careful and know what to do. Let's learn to protect 10 , and help others live a safe and happy life! ( ) 1. A. happiness B. danger C. friendship D. success ( ) 2. A. across B. crossing C. cross D. through ( ) 3. A. red B. green C. good D. bad ( ) 4. A. sure B. proud C. careful D. afraid ( ) 5. A. money B. help C. advice D. food ( ) 6. A. public B. personal C. interesting D. good ( ) 7. A. plans B. friends C. jokes D. mistakes ( ) 8. A. comfortable B. nervous C. happy D. excited ( ) 9. A. Stay B. Stayed C. Staying D. Stays ( )10. A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. ourselves 3. 阅读理解 A Last year in the UK at least 45 people died and 900 more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phones. But many people continue to use them while driving even though it's dangerous. It is difficult to concentrate on (集中精力于) driving and talking at the same time. It can even be more dangerous than driving after drinking too much. And talking isn't even the most serious problem. Texting is. An average text message takes 90 seconds to write and send. That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phone's screen and not at the road. The arrival of new smart phones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before. Using a mobile phone while driving puts others' lives at risk(处于危险中）. No matter how well we drive, if another driver is not being careful, we are put in danger by their actions. Such drivers are selfish, careless and should have their driving licenses (驾照) canceled(吊销). There is no need to use mobile phones while driving. Just wait until you stop or you will probably get into trouble.  1.According to the passage, what happened last year in the UK because of drivers using mobile phones? A. At least 45 people were injured and 900 died. B. Drivers found it easy to concentrate. C. At least 45 people died and over 900 were injured. D. New laws about mobile phones were made. 2. The underlined word "them" in paragraph l refers to （指的是）"  "。 A. phone users B. mobile phones C. drivers D. cars 3. According to the passage, why is texting while driving considered the most serious problem? A. Because it makes drivers talk less professionally. B. Because it takes the driver's attention away from the road for a longer time. C. Because it is more dangerous than driving after drinking. D. Because new smartphones make texting easier. 4. New types (类型）of mobile phones make the driving problem worse, because . A. it will take longer to send text messages B. people will want to talk on their phones more often C. there will be more things for people to do with their phones D. people think the new phones are easier and safer to use 5.Which is right about the writer's opinion on making laws against using mobile phones while driving? A. The writer thinks it is unnecessary because most drivers are careful. B. The writer believes it would be a good way to reduce accidents. C. The writer feels it is only needed for drunk drivers. D. The writer worries it might be useless for drivers . B What Is "Walk to School"? Now we are working on a program of "Walk to School". We would like as many parents and children as possible to take part, even if in a small way. Children who walk to and from school along with their parents can learn essential(基本的) road safety and life skills. You can take part by... ■Walking to and from school with your children every day. ■Walking for one or two days during the week. ■Encouraging others to walk, if you already do. Walking is great! ■Walking is a kind of great exercise! A walk is good for your body and can keep you fit. ■You won't have to waste time looking for a parking site(停车点). ■It's free. You’ll save money by not using the car. ■It's pollution-free. ■It's a good chance to talk to your children and to meet other parents, too. Enjoy walking to school! Here are some suggestions to help you and your children enjoy walking to school. ■Plan a safe route(路线) together ■Teach children what a kerb (路缘) is and what it means ■Encourage your children to help you choose the safest place to cross the road. ■Look at and discuss the things you see on your way- especially road signs and what they mean. Walk to school! Thousands of parents and children already take part, could you? Please go to www. walktoschool. org. uk for more information. 6. Who are encouraged to take part in the program of “Walk to School”? A. Children B. Parents and children C. Bus drivers D. Teachers 7. By walking to and from school, children can learn _________. A. driving skills B. running skills C. road safety and life skills D. knowledge about science 8. Which is NOT benefit of walking to school? A. It can keep you fit. B. It can save money. C. It won’t pollute the air. D. It can't help you make new friends. 9. What is the first thing to do if you want to enjoy your walking to school? A. Plan a safe route with your children. B. Learn what a kerb is and its meaning. C. Choose the safest place to cross the road. D. Find road signs and know their meanings 10. According to the writer, you can learn more about "Walk to School" by _________. A. reading newspaper B. making phone calls C. going to the Internet D. having a traffic lesson 参考答案 短语 1 catch fire2 away from3 decide to do sth4 turn on5 pour...into....6.call out7 no way8 on fire 9 turn off10 at once11 so...that....12 put out13 be about to14 stop short15 first aid16 eat out 17 lie down18 in the middle of19 be allergic to sth20 from now on21 food allergy22 eye strain 23 deal with24 for a long time25 take a 20-second break 过关检测 一 单项选择 1-5 AACD A 6-10BBAAB 二 单词填空 1. allergic 2.shock 3.painful 4. Luckily 5. threw 6. themselves 7.pills 8.lay 9.happily 10.tight 三 完型填空 1-5 BCBCB 6-10BBBCD 四 阅读理解 A篇 1-5 CBBCB B篇 6-10 BCDAC ( 1 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $